Дисертації з теми "Market Economy in China"
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1
Pang, Chung-kit, and 彭仲傑. "Financial market and Hong Kong economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265066.
2
Hsu, Carolyn L. "Creating market socialism : narratives and emerging economic institutions in the People's Republic of China /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984807.
3
Yao, Juan. "The Chinese stock market and economic activity." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/861.
Анотація:
The primary purpose of this research is to perform an empirical test using Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) in order to investigate the relationship between the Chinese stock market performance and domestic economic activity.China's stock market was established in early 1990s and has operated through a period of strong economic growth. Generally, it has been recognized that the development of a sound financial market is necessary to sustain and support a high growth economy. In turn, a growing economy will drive financial market growth. This research is designed to shed light on this unique relationship by investigating the links between China's booming national economy and the domestic stock returns.Using both time-series and cross-section regressions, several identified macro economic variables are shown to be significant in their influence on stock returns. These variables include the growth rate of industrial production, the growth rate of total social retail sales, the growth rate of terms of trade and the growth rate of total social saving deposits. Stock market indexes are found significantly related to the stock portfolio returns in time-series regressions.Overall, the empirical results suggest that the rapid growth of the Chinese economy is factored into stock returns by the market. It also indicates that the market index has strong explanatory power over, the time-series returns, providing empirical support for the market model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, the explanations of cross-section returns need to be further explored.
4
Intaranukulkij, Hiranthip, and Fei Wei. "Did the regulatory monetary policy in China mimic the market economy?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20822.
Анотація:
The People’s Bank of China (PBC) has played a vital role in conducting monetary policy during a period of fast economic growth in China. The PBC used a variety of monetary measures and instruments to implement monetary policy over the past decades. In this project, we examined whether the implementation of monetary policy in China mimics the market economy or not. We summarise the main tools that have been used in the monetary policy based on the studies by Qiong (2011) and Gerlach (2004). We then applied the variance and covariance analysis of macroeconomic variables of China and the US for two periods. The results of our analysis showed that China and the US had many similarities. Our empirical analysis, using the Taylor Rule theoretical framework demonstrates that the difference between the actual interest rate and the theoretical interest rate derived from the Taylor Rule for China and the US has the same trend. Our main conclusion is that the implementation of monetary policy in China mimics the market economy.
5
Yao, Juan. "The Chinese stock market and economic activity." Curtin University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11683.
Анотація:
The primary purpose of this research is to perform an empirical test using Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) in order to investigate the relationship between the Chinese stock market performance and domestic economic activity.China's stock market was established in early 1990s and has operated through a period of strong economic growth. Generally, it has been recognized that the development of a sound financial market is necessary to sustain and support a high growth economy. In turn, a growing economy will drive financial market growth. This research is designed to shed light on this unique relationship by investigating the links between China's booming national economy and the domestic stock returns.Using both time-series and cross-section regressions, several identified macro economic variables are shown to be significant in their influence on stock returns. These variables include the growth rate of industrial production, the growth rate of total social retail sales, the growth rate of terms of trade and the growth rate of total social saving deposits. Stock market indexes are found significantly related to the stock portfolio returns in time-series regressions.Overall, the empirical results suggest that the rapid growth of the Chinese economy is factored into stock returns by the market. It also indicates that the market index has strong explanatory power over, the time-series returns, providing empirical support for the market model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, the explanations of cross-section returns need to be further explored.
6
Sun, Q. "Strategic market planning in China : a means-end chain approach to market segmentation within the Beijin mobile phone market." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14902/.
Анотація:
With a dramatic economic growth rate of 10% per year, China, as one of the Big Emerging Markets, has drawn increasing attention from both academia and industry. Its market potential and growth rate is believed to be the top attraction for global investment. In many sectors, the increasing number of options available to consumers has led to the emergence of a consumer society in China and has further fed the development of variance in consumer behaviour. This has imposed imperatives of consumer research in China, especially market segmentation research, on both foreign multinational companies and indigenous 5 manufacturers, in order i) to identify the unique needs of consumers, to provide more desirable product/service packages, and iii) to communicate brand value via more appropriate messages to targeted consumers.
7
Garcia, Mónica Maria Cristancho. "What china is missing to be a market economy: China's political & economical models contradiction." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18006.
Анотація:
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China has been growing at a fastest pace than the rest of the world in the last two decades increasing the importance of its economy every day in the global field but sowing uncertainty and confusion among investors and the rest of the world due to the contradiction between its political and economic models. Economically, the People’s Republic of China has demonstrated to be more open to capitalism but its politics reveal a communist system in which there is no opportunity for a capitalist economy as it is originally conceived
8
Guo, Xin Yan. "The application of non-market economy concept in the WTO regime :the case of China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952280.
9
Liu, Wei. "Economic transitions to market economy : a comparative study on economic reform proposals in China and the former Soviet Union." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2987/.
Анотація:
The 1980s and 1990s are historical periods of economic reforms in both China and the former Soviet Union. Comparative study of principal proposals of economic reform and transformation in the two countries in this period is the subject of this thesis. There are five main chapters excluding the introduction. Chapter 2 is the theoretical framework of the thesis which is based on essential concepts of Comparative Economic System. Before the main theme began, primary economic problems and difficulties in pre-reform periods in China and the former Soviet Union were discussed in Chapter 3. So was a brief review of reform efforts in the past in the two countries. In Chapter 4, major proposals of economic reform in Chinese economy from late 1978 till 1992 were studied. These included reform measures in the rural economy, the opening up policy, state-owned enterprises reform, new policy for non-state sector and comprehensive plans after 1985. Chapter 5 discussed the 1987 reform package, the 1990 reform plans including Presidential Plan and Shatalin Plan. A brief summary of the Russian reform plan in 1991 was also done in this chapter. Chapter 6 is the concluding part of the thesis. The author compared in detail the two cases and drew conclusions as the following: (a) Both Chinese and Soviet reformers designed the transformation from centralised planning control to decentralised market-oriented economy; (b) The structures of the existing economic system, i.e., decision--making, information, motivation and ownership structures, required various degrees of alteration in the two countries. Soviet reformers called for massive destatisation and privatisation of the state-owned undertakings, while China insisted on a structure with predominant state-owned enterprises; (c) The economic reforms strategies in the two countries are different.
10
Poon, Siu-to. "Reform in China and Vietnam : a study of the transition from socialist system to market economy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18933695.
11
Hong, Ying. "Market competitions and operating mechanism of China online video content market based on the two-sided market theory." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010006.
Анотація:
Le développement des contenus vidéo en ligne ont changé l’environnement de l’internet et des médias jusqu’à devenir une partie de notre vie quotidienne. Cependant, le développement de cette industrie est contraint par plusieurs problèmes, tels que la faible valeur de la publicité, le manque de rentabilité et les litiges de droit d’auteur. Des recherches scientifiques sont à mener se concentrant sur les modes de revenu des plateformes de diffusion et le fonctionnement du marché.Ma thèse mène dans un premier temps une description détaillée de marché des contenus vidéo en ligne en Chine. J’analyse les caractéristiques du marché à l’aide de la théorie des marchés bifaces. Puis la thèse examine les modes de tarification, construit un modèle de marchés bifaces différenciée verticalement, et explore la stratégie de prix optimal dans les différents modes et le choix optimal du mode de fixation des prix. Ensuite, je construis un modèle de concurrence avec la différenciation horizontale avec différents choix d’accès des annonceurs. La thèse explore de manière centrale les modes de transaction et les comportements des entreprises entre les fournisseurs de contenu et la plateforme ainsi que l’équilibre du marché.La thèse procède à une description détaillée du mécanisme de revenus et le fonctionnement de l’industrie des contenus vidéo en ligne basé sur la théorie des marchés bifaces et les caractéristiques de cette industrie émergente. Selon les résultats de la modélisation mathématique, l’analyse conclut par des suggestions à destination des plateformes et de cette industrie adaptées aux caractéristiques chinoisesThe appearance and following flourish of online video content have changed the Internet environment and media ecology of information era, which even become part of our life every day. However, the development of online video content industry is persecuted by several problems, such as lower advertising value, lack of profitability and constant copyright disputes. Specific research on the revenue modes of online video content platform and the operating mechanism of online video content market is essential.I conduct a detailed description for present China’s online video content market at first and then analyze the market characteristics using two-sided market theory. Next the thesis examines the exiting price modes, constructs a model of two-sided vertically differentiated markets, and explore the optimal pricing strategy under the different modes and the optimal choice of pricing mode. Then the thesis constructs a horizontal differentiated model of market competition under the different accessing choices of advertisers. The thesis intensively explores the transaction mode and business behavior between content providers and content platform on the accessing ways and market equilibrium.The dissertation conducts a detailed description of the revenue and operation mechanism for online video content industry based on the theory of two-sided markets and the characteristics of this emerging fresh industry. According to the analysis results concluded by the mathematical modeling, corresponding policy suggestions confirming to the online video content market with Chinese characteristics would be proposed from the perspectives of platform operation and whole industry
12
Fok, Chi-wai David, and 霍志偉. "The role of urban regeneration in sustaining local economy: the case of Bird Market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261243.
13
Wang, Baoduo. "Loud thunder, small raindrops, how the market economy is redefining print media in China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27032.pdf.
14
Ferrari, Martina <1993>. "Uber in China: the entry of a global new economy into the Chinese market." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12236.
Анотація:
Uber is one of the most successful yet controversial startups of the twenty-first century. It was pioneer in the launch of online ride-sharing services and became a symbol of the sharing economy. Throughout its relatively brief history, the startup was able to build a network of riders and drivers of millions of people around the world, reaching a whopping 70 billion dollars evaluation.
Despite previous failures by major US companies to penetrate the Chinese market, Uber appeared to be determined to conquer the world’s second largest economy. The result was a fierce battle with Chinese competitor Didi Chuxing, which lasted nearly two years and costed both parties millions of dollars.
Faced with a conflict that could have lasted for the foreseeable future, the two companies decided to partner and Didi acquired all Uber China operations in exchange of around 18% of its stakes. The outcome was a strong market concentration, with Didi now controlling almost 95% of the local market.
The aim of this dissertation is to examine the diffusion of online ride-sharing in China, starting from the arrival of Uber on Chinese soil. After a presentation of Uber’s history and business model, the focus will be shifted on the steps that brought the company into the Chinese market, with emphasis given to the battle against its main rival Didi.
It will be then highlighted the central role played by Chinese government, active in the regulation of online ride-sharing business and keen towards innovation. To conclude, the consequences of Uber’s deal with Didi will be set out and analyzed.
This merger raised competition concerns, and is now under investigation of the Chinese Ministry of commerce, accusing the two companies of violating the country’s antitrust law.
15
Ding, Linyang, Fengqi Hu, and Min Pang. "Luxury Market : a study of purchasing intentions for luxury goods in China." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10869.
Анотація:
Purpose/aim Culture, lifestyle and economy are the three factors that influence the purchasing intentions for luxury goods. The aim of our dissertation is investigating if the importance of the factors will be changed or not, with the changing generations in China. Design/methodology/approach In this dissertation, we use questionnaire to collect data, and then use mathematics and statistics to test our hypotheses. Findings The results show that the importance of the factors could be changed, with the changing generations in Beijing and Qingdao. In contrast, the importance of the factors could not be changed, with the changing generations in Ningbo. So, we cannot establish in China, the importance of the three factors could be changed or not, with the changing generations. Originality/value In this dissertation, our original ideas are the different generations and the factors which effective influence the Chinese consumer´s purchasing intentions of luxury goods. We collected data in different cities in China to figure out if there is any connection between the three factors and three generations. The risk of the research is the sample size, we will have errors in that respondents.
16
何明俊 and Mingjun He. "Market versus government in land use planning & development in China in the transition to socialist market economy: a case study of Suzhou city." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259649.
17
Zhu, Jieming. "Property development process and its public-private co-operation in the Shenzhen special economic zone, China, 1980-1990." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343407.
18
姚韻萍 and Yunping Yao. "The dynamics of urban land market in the Chinese transitional economy: a case study of Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245031.
19
Chen, Wenzhe, and 陳聞喆. "Neighborhood scale and market-responsive urban design: a study of large-scale suburban private residentialdevelopments in the transitional economy in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40987681.
20
Gamble, Jocelyn Edward. "Opening the door/crossing the stream : changing perspectives and social contours of 1990s Shanghai." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336563.
21
Zhang, Jian. "Government and market: A case study of the political economy of post Mao economic development in Xihu District, China." Thesis, Zhang, Jian (1998) Government and market: A case study of the political economy of post Mao economic development in Xihu District, China. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50807/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the behaviour of local governments during China’s transition to a market economy. In particular, it addresses the question of why local government officials embraced market reform despite the potentially detrimental effects on their power. In contrast to recent studies of local government in China, which have tended to explain local state activism in the economy in terms of the economic interests of local government officials, this thesis highlights the part that political interests have played in shaping economic behaviour. The thesis contends that the involvement of local governments in the economy has been motivated not only by a desire to seek economic benefits, but also by a desire to maintain power over the local economy. This, in turn, it is argued, has greatly shaped the ways in which local governments intervene in the economy, thereby profoundly impacting upon the pattern of local economic development.
The thesis is a case study of Xihu district in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Utilising data and interviews derived from eight months of fieldwork in Xihu, the thesis traces the economic intervention by local governments to its political origins. The importance of political interests in shaping intervention by the local state has resulted in the rise of a group of local collective enterprises that are under the control of local governments, and form the economic basis of their political power. Faced with the erosion of the monopoly of economic resources in the hands of the local state due to increased marketisation, local state actors have placed strong importance on collective enterprises not only because of their economic interests, but also for political reasons.
The political approach adopted in this thesis further allows us to identify the detrimental effects of local government activism on the economy. The thesis demonstrates that, despite the economic interests created by the reforms, political objectives have consistently compromised the effectiveness of intervention by the local state. Such intervention has lessened the incentives for collective enterprise managers, a group - the study argues - that has been pivotal to local economic development. The conflict of interests arising from this situation has in turn placed pressure upon the economic basis of the power of the local.
22
Hon, Kam-yuen Dennis. "Economic analysis on cigarette market in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954649.
23
Hon, Kam-yuen Dennis, and 韓金元. "Economic analysis on cigarette market in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954649.
24
Ma, Hengyun. "China’s Energy Economy: Reforms, Market Development, Factor Substitution and the Determinants of Energy Intensity." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Economics and Finance, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2739.
Анотація:
The ongoing transition of former communist countries from planned to market economies has been one of the most important economic phenomena in the last few decades. Among these, China is one of the largest and fastest growing emerging economies in the world since the reforms initiated in the late 1980s. China’s economic growth has been phenomenal.
Therefore, understanding China’s energy economy is crucial in the new millennium for politicians, businessmen and energy economists. In particular, China’s energy policy directions will bring about both challenges and opportunities to the world in terms of an increasing share of primary energy consumption and investment in the energy industry. However, after surveying the literature, it is surprising to find that a few major areas of China’s energy economics are missing and the views on China’s energy economics are already out dated. Therefore, given the size and growth of its economy and the effect of its energy consumption on global energy markets, reviewing China’s energy situation and filling the missing literatures are essential for those who are interested in and concerned about China’s economic development in the new millennium.
This study was motivated after conducting a survey of the literature on the study of China’s energy economy and reviewing China’s energy situation in the new millennium. The goal of the research is focused on providing readers the most important and the newest information on China’s energy economy. The study consists of three introductory sections and three core sections. The former includes a survey of literature, China’s energy situation in the new millennium, institutional evolution and changing energy prices. The latter includes tests for the emergence of an energy market in China, factor substitution and demand for energy, and technological change and the determinants of energy intensity.
The main findings are as follows. China’s energy economy is still underdeveloped. It is crucial to review China’s energy situation in the new millennium. Energy, industrial deregulation and price reforms have been fast in China since the early 1990s. Empirical investigations have found evidence for the emergence of an energy market economy in China. The estimates demonstrate that there appears to be significant substitution possibilities between energy and labor when compared with international findings. Significant effects of substitution mainly come from the adoption of labor-intensive technology. Coal and electricity are significantly substitutable, while the demand for energy is elastic, in general. Finally, decomposing energy intensity shows that the budget constraint (a kind of price effect) reduces energy intensity while technological change increases energy intensity.
These findings bring us to the following major implications. Firstly, it is important to understand the potential effect of new energy regulation and pricing mechanism on the future directions of China’s energy economy, which suggests that former predictions of China’s energy demand may have to be significantly discounted, and the potential effect on the global energy markets and emissions may need to be re-evaluated. Secondly, significant substitution between energy and labor is potentially good news as China possesses some of the most abundant labor sources in the world. However, because capital more easily substitutes for energy than labor, more policy incentives are needed for labor to substitute for energy. Thirdly, significant substitution between coal-electricity suggests that the effects of environmental taxes, however, may be smaller than expected due to the fact that most primary energy coming from coal. Also any shift from coal to electricity implies more investment in transmission lines rather than railways. Fourthly, energy constraints on energy supply may only slightly impede economic growth in China because the elasticity of substitution between energy and other factors is quite large compared to internationally. Fifthly, while many factors are responsible for the inelasticity of demand for energy, rising income may be one of the most important given the high levels of energy prices. Increasing energy prices may be unable to constrain energy consumption at present. Thus other energy policies need to be considered to encourage or depress certain types of energy consumption. Finally, reducing exports of energy-intensive commodities, reducing the high-level energy-using sectors, lowering capital investment and constraining imports of second-hand and obsolete equipment, would all help reduce growth in energy intensity. Politically, however, this may be at an unacceptable cost to economic growth.
Although this study has conducted a series of investigations into the institutional changes and consumption behavior of China’s energy economy, continuous updating required as more data is continually added in a highly dynamic and changing environment.
JEL Classifications: D24, O33, Q41.
25
Macey, Maxwell N. "Tilting at Windmills: The Treatment of China as a Non-Market Economy Under United States Trade Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1484.
Анотація:
Under World Trade Organization (“WTO”) rules, the United States and other developed countries are specifically permitted to treat the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”) as a Non-Market Economy (“NME”). Under U.S. trade laws, China’s designation as an NME allow imposition of tariffs to protect U.S. industries from “dumping” and to offset subsidies provided by foreign countries to their producers. However, on December 11, 2016, 15 years after China’s accession to the WTO, the U.S.’ legal right to automatically treat China as an NME expires under WTO law. The U.S. government has created NME methodologies under U.S. trade laws that impose often staggering duties on imports from China in a wide range of industries—duties that often have little relationship to economic reality. In effect, the U.S. is engaged in a guerrilla trade war with China, with NME status as the primary weapon. There is immense political resistance to ending the automatic NME treatment of China. For example, even Hillary Clinton, who was less openly confrontational towards China than Donald Trump, stated in her recent Presidential campaign, “Right now, Washington is considering Beijing’s request for ‘market economy’ status…if they get market economy status, it would defang our anti-dumping laws and let cheap products flood into our markets. So we should reply with only one word: No.”[i] This intense political anger is fueled by the displacements that China’s rapid rise and exports to the U.S. have engendered.[ii]
Trade policy with respect to China needs to be considered in light of the critical importance of the relationship to both countries. China has become the United States’ largest single trading partner. Although the size of the trade deficit with China clearly accounts for the current heated political rhetoric about unfair trade with China, the fact is that China is by far the U.S.’ largest export trade partner (excluding our NAFTA neighbors Canada and Mexico), with exports almost twice the size of the next nearest country, Japan. This alone indicates it is in the United States’ interest to have a rational trading relationship with China.
The U.S. should end the treatment of China as an NME. The policy is both ineffective and irrational. The capital markets do not consider the policy effective: recent relevant case studies show that protected U.S. companies often do not experience the intended benefit of trade law protection—a healthier business—based on analysis of their stock price performance beyond short term effects. After controlling for overall market fluctuations, companies will, at most, experience a short-term jump in their stock price. In the examples studied below, the stock price typically returns to pre-trade law protection figures within weeks. Such results imply two important points: 1) the company’s long-term fundamentals, which typically determine long-term stock performance (e.g. growth rate, cash flows, and margins), are unchanged by trade law protection; and 2) investors do not believe that these policies have a significant, long-term positive impact on U.S. companies.
Regular “market economy” U.S. trade law provides real and sufficient remedies to address subsidies and dumping. Not only does the treatment of China as an NME exacerbate tensions with China[i], it imposes both unpredictable and excessive costs on U.S. consumers who purchase Chinese goods and makes U.S. businesses that use Chinese products to produce final goods less competitive with foreign competitors not facing such artificial costs[ii].
[i] Hornby, Lucy and Shawn Donnan, “China Fights for Market Economy Status”, May 9, 2016, Financial Times,
https://www.ft.com/content/572f435e-0784-11e6-9b51-0fb5e65703ce.
[ii] Mankiw, Gregory N. and Phillip L. Swagel, “Antidumping: The Third Rail of Trade Policy,” Foreign Affairs,
Vol. 84, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), pp. 107-119.
[i] Clinton, Hillary, “Commentary: If Elected President, I’ll level the Playing Field on Global Trade,” Portland Herald Press, February 23, 2016, http://www.pressherald.com/2016/02/23/commentary-if-elected-president-ill-level-the-playing-field-on-global-trade-clinton-says/
[ii] Autor, David H., David Dorn and Gordon H. Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to
Large Changes in Trade,” NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 21906, National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016, http://economics.mit.edu/files/11675.
26
WONG, Wai Chung Gary. "Three essays on housing market in Hong Kong : implications for public policy and macro economy." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2010. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/2.
Анотація:
The thesis contains three papers on different areas of housing study in Hong Kong. The first paper focuses on government policy in public housing privatization on housing market and its effect on the overall economy. By comparing the negative impacts of two financial crises in 1997 and 2008 on housing market, the paper tries to offer explanation for the property downturn during 1997-2003. It aims to study how a public housing privatization program would produce adverse effects on housing transactions and the economy. The second one links up the housing market and macro economy. It is found that housing sector appears to serve as a link between exports and domestic expenditures. Housing prices are found to be driven by exports and interest rates over a long period, while housing prices in turn drive domestic expenditures. The last one attempts to investigate the dynamics of private housing market in Hong Kong. Using the cointegarting approach, the paper identifies two cointegrating relations, ie. a long run demand side relation between property price, prime rate, housing price expectation and GDP per capita, and supply side relation between private housing completion, property price, prime rate and land cost, which show a short run disequilibrium dynamics in demand and supply of private housing during 1985 – 2008.
27
Poon, Siu-to, and 潘小濤. "Reform in China and Vietnam: a study of the transition from socialist system to market economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951466.
28
Shen, Wei. "The political economy of CDM market in China : business actors in the governance of carbon offset." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48086/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the role of business actors in networking, influencing and shaping the governance of China’s CDM market. By adopting a neo-pluralistic view of business power, it reveals how companies in the CDM market in China are wielding their unique capabilities and technics to affect policy making and implementing process both at the national and local level. It is based on a qualitative case study strategy to investigate and reveal the detailed context and causes for some worrying problems around CDM in China. 42 interviews, plus large number of document, and field observations have been carried out to collect data. The study also illustrated their constraints to achieve their goals and strategic preferences due to the confrontational interests among business actors. In general, it contributes insights of the reform era political economy in China’s environmental and climate governance.
29
Li, Xin. "Wage structure in China, late 1990s to 2000s : a young labour market in a transforming economy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22889.
Анотація:
This thesis discusses the changes and corresponding causes of the wage distribution in China from the late 1990s to the 2000s. According to various data sources, real wage inequality in China has been increasing over time. People have become increasingly concerned about such a phenomenon, which can potentially cause economic instability and further social unrest. From the analysis of household survey data, a significant part of the the increase in wage dispersion in China can be attributed to changes in the institutional changes. Having gone through the institutional reform of state-owned enterprises in the late 1990s, many Chinese firms have become more privatized and smaller in size. That is to say, the Chinese labour market becomes less affected by the government intervention (through public enterprises). Changes in the supply side of the labour market have also been examined. The increase in the number of university graduates slows down the growing wage dispersion. A comparison between the household survey data and the industrial enterprises data tells a slightly different story about Chinas wage structure. As the firm-level data omits within-firm wage inequalities and excludes data of primary sectors, the service sectors, and the small businesses, a decrease in the logarithm of the wage variation has been found. The inconsistency between the changes of real wage dispersion and the dispersion of log wages has been discussed in depth in the thesis. Nonetheless, since China set the new minimum wage in 2004, the wage distribution in the countrys industrial sector has been reshaped, which is not obviously shown in the household data. The impact of increasing the national minimum wage has been evaluated under a set of relatively conservative assumptions. Further analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of trade liberalization on wage dispersion. It turns out that starting to export on the part of the firms has a significant positive effect on firm-level wages and employments, but the impact of an increasing export exposure remains debatable.
30
Guo, Yong Hong. "China's Comprehensive Planning Practice, its Evolution, and Prospects." Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46535.
Анотація:
This paper describes the evolution of Chinese comprehensive planning and proposes a number of recommendations related to the country's economic development and political reform, based on analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the current approaches to comprehensive planning.
Chinese urban planning has a long history. Its origin can be traced back to 5,000 years ago. The urban planning approaches advanced along with the development of Chinese cities. During the long history, Chinese people formulated a unique way of urban planning.
The different urban planning approaches have specifically identifiable features in different historic periods. Particularly, with the establishment of the socialist regime in China in 1949, complete and systematic urban planning approaches were created.
Today, when the country is proceeding with economic and political reforms, the reform of comprehensive planning approaches has also been undertaken in a significant way. The author poses a number of viewpoints for the potential transformation of the approaches in China, with particular emphasis on the change of planning mechanism (including planning process and implementation) and citizen participation.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
31
Ako, Tomoko, and 阿古智子. "Strategic ambiguity of Chinese public space and private space: ethnographic study of three Shanghai'smiddle schools under the socialist market economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29979110.
32
Lee, Shu-Kam. "The market for energy in China." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/851.
Анотація:
Since 1979, China embarked on an economic reform to modernize the country. The reform was so successful that China was able to grow by an impressive rate of 9 percent per anum between 1979 and 1997. The rapid development of the economy leads to a drastic increase in demand for energy. Since China has the largest population in the world, its energy demand is nothing but huge. Each year, for example, China needs to install as much as 10,000 MW of new electricity generation capacity, which equals the curent capacity of Netherlands. This increase in demand for energy, which is likely to continue, wil have implications for global energy markets, the world price of energy and for the global environment as emissions of greenhouse gases grow rapidly. Against this background, there is an urgent need for the country to better manage the energy sector so that the market can function in an orderly manner. To tackle this issue, I single out three important energy problems to study. First, I wil examine the current situation of the energy imbalance in China. Second, I wil forecast how rapid the energy demand wil grow in future so that the deficit between the demand and domestic supply can be identified. Lastly, I wil discuss some methods that can be used to manage the demand. My finding shows that energy-capital and energy-material inputs are complementary, whereas the relationship of energy and labour is insignificant. In addition, the simulation exercises also reveals that a high energy pricing policy might not be effective in mitigating the demand and in encouraging firms to employ labour intensive techniques. Also, rising energy prices may bring spiral inflation and deterioration in the balance of payments and foreign resources. Therefore, government should act cautiously when increasing energy prices.
33
He, Mingjun. "Market versus government in land use planning & development in China in the transition to socialist market economy : a case study of Suzhou city /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19907230.
34
Shen, Xiaoping. "A spatial analysis of market economy in the People's Republic of China: Exemplified by rural industrial development." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10102.
Анотація:
China's economic reforms have been underway for 16 years. Among its effects, it has created a fast growing market economy in which rural industry is the most important sector. The spatial effects of China's market-oriented reform is analyzed in this research through the experience of rural industrial development. Rural industry has existed since the foundation of the People's Republic of China. Most recently, as the result of the economic reforms of 1978, rural industry, as represented by millions of individual entrepreneurs, has become the fastest growing industrial sector in China. There were 58 million labourers engaged in rural industries in 1991 which accounted for a 300% increase since 1980. The seven million rural industrial establishments in 1990 accounted for a tenfold increase since 1978. The spatial distribution of rural industry is very unbalanced in China. At the provincial level, the most highly developed area is concentrated on China's east coast. A factor analysis has been used to develop three overall indicators from twelve variables. The regional rural industrial development level is classified by those three indicators. Using multiple regression, this research has revealed the links between the degree of rural industrialization and a region's overall economic performance. The high correlation with household expenditure, transportation facilities, and the degree of rural industrial development identifies the market characteristics of rural industry, and illustrates how they reflect characteristics of China's region. At the regional level, Chinese rural industry is constrained by the relative closure of a rural region. Chinese rural entrepreneurs were only allowed to establish enterprises in nearby market towns but not in large metropolitan areas. The objective of the policy is to restrain population growth in the larger metropolitan regions. After twelve years' development, the distribution of rural industry in Beijing has shown a very clear bias to suburban areas and the existence of transportation facilities. A GIS map overlay analysis has been applied to identify the relationship between existing rural industrial location and location criteria. The result shows the high concentration of rural industry in the suburban area and the correlation between rural industrial development and regional market and transportation accessibility. Although government policy was obviously attempting to diffuse the process of rural industrialization as much as possible throughout the national territory, the Chinese economy did not escape the concentrating effects of market forces, even in the highly controlled national capital region. The spatial analysis of rural industrial development not only reveals the spatial behaviour of market economic development in China, but also provides a better understanding of the link between political shifts and industrial change in space in a reforming socialist country. This research also shows that a combination of GIS and statistical analysis methods can provide us with powerful tools for spatial analysis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
35
Ho, Pui-king, and 何佩琼. "Market socialism in China: the case of middlemanagement in small-sized state-owned enterprises in Shenzhen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245389.
36
Lee, Jacqueline M. "Can the Chinese Economy Affect the US Stock Market? The Case of the 2008 Chinese Stimulus Package." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/928.
Анотація:
The Chinese stimulus package of 2008 was a response by the government to rebound the second largest economy from the effects of the Global Financial Crisis. The package was one of the largest, and arguably one of the most successful, in boosting demand and spurring growth through targeting infrastructure projects and consumer spending. This paper investigates whether the package had any spillover effects on the US industrial and consumption companies with large markets in China through the time series multiple regression technique. This paper found that Chinese net exports had some explanatory power over the consumption companies, and the US industrial companies were hurt by the stimulus package. The findings also suggest that there are more macroeconomic variables that have more explanatory power over the returns of the companies than the ones included in the regressions.
37
Cao, Dong. "Development of new urban space in China in the 1990s, foreign property investment in the emerging market economy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/MQ31553.pdf.
38
Chow, Kam-wah. "Labour contract in China : an analysis of the contractual arrangement of human resources under a socialist market economy /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15967396.
39
Ng, Man-kit Wilson, and 吳文傑. "Vulnerability of the callback market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268237.
40
Gu, Wangzheng. "China's socialist market economy - At the bottleneck of development or at the edge of collapse." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206077.
Анотація:
After more than 30 years of fast economic development since the Reform and open up to the world in 1978. Chinas socialist market economy is ranked at the worlds second largest economy by nominal GDP. and the worlds largest economy by purchasing power parity according to the IMF today. In spite of the outstanding economic data. China is facing numbers of problems like overcapacity and high financial risk. The goal of this thesis is to dig into the hidden realities behind the fast economic growth of China mainly through analyzing the economic situation after the 2008-09 Chinese economic stimulus plan. which is known asthe 4 trillion RMB (USD 586 billion) stimulus package announced by the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China on 9 November 2008. It is regarded as an attempt to minimize the impact of the global financial crisis on the worlds second largest economy. However. critics of Chinas stimulus package have blamed it for causing a surge in Chinese debt and overcapacity since 2009. particularly among local governments and state-owned enterprises.
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Paulino, Alexandra Ramos de Sousa. "Globalização e regionalização : os casos da Europa de Leste e da China." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3613.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Economia InternacionalNum tempo contemporâneo de mudanças, em que as sociedades se cruzam e interligam diariamente num enquadramento global e multicultural, é importante uma análise deste processo. Este trabalho pretende abordar a interdependência dos mercados e das pessoas dos países e das economias em duas grandes ondas de globalização e regionalização, com espaço para ainda falar das terceiras ondas de cada processo, a da revolução tecnológica que não é materializável, mas que, no entanto, move multidões e igualmente milhões e a que sob a "égide" da OMC regista novos acordos regionais impensáveis aquando do início de qualquer processo globalizacional, em que as nações ricas convivem com nações pobres para alcançar um desenvolvimento económico, mas também humano. No contexto de uma União Europeia que interliga sistemas económicos, encontra-se um grupo de países do Leste Europeu, num momento perdido da história e que procura novamente fazer parte de uma indentidade deixada para trás. Assim, estes países abraçam um projecto procurando nesta opção a possibilidade do desenvolvimento e crescimento económico que paralelamente ocorre com uma transformação política a favor da democratização dos poderes. Analisa-se assim, a forma de integração destas economias na União Europeia bem como o seu progresso político e económico a favor da economia de mercado e da democracia. Nesta óptica de internacionalização é acompanhado o percurso da China, como um outro extremo de economia planificada de sectores estatizados e de sector privado inexistente, com um poder político austero e que alcança níveis de crescimento imediatos e inéditos relativamente a todos os outros PVD's. São abordados neste trabalho os mecanismos que permitiram estes desenvolvimentos e que também lhe permitiram vencer no mercado da alta tecnologia, desenvolvendo o sector privado, apostando e beneficiando de um elevado IDE, no fundo o seu posicionamento na globalização e nos processos de regionalização.
In today's constantly changing world, where societies cross and interrelate each other in a global and multicultural dimension on daily basis, it's important to make an analysis of this process. This paper intends to broach the interdependency of markets, people, countries and economies within two main waves of globalization and regionalization. There is also space to study the third waves of each process - the one of the technological revolution, which is not material, but, one the other hand, moves crowds and millions; and the one that, by the aegis of the WTO, registers new unthinkable regional agreements by the time of the begining on any globatization process, where rich nations live together with poor nations aiming to reach economic and human development. Within the context of the European Union that interrelates economic systems, one may find, in a lost moment in history, a group of countries of Eastern Europe that is trying, once again, to become part of an identity left behind. Thus, these countries are embracing a project and seeking, with this option, the possibility of development and economic growth, which occur in a paralell manner with a political transformation in favour of a democratization of powers. Along this paper, it is analysed, then, the integration of these economies in the European Union, as well as, their political and economical progress in favour of a market economy and democracy. In this internationalization perspective, it is also analysed the particular path of China, as being another extreme of a planned economy of state owned sectors and an inxistent private sector, with a severe political power and that reaches levels of immediate and unprecedent growth relatively to all other underdeveloped countries. Along this paper, there are broached the mechanisms that permit these developments and allow, on the other hand, China to win in the market of high technology, stimulating in that way the private sector, betting and gaining from a high FDI - in short, its positioning within the globalization context and the processes of regionalization.
42
Yang, Hengsheng. "China market between myth and reality : U.S.-China economic entanglements during China's age of reform /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1997. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9808859.
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Mattingly, Jesse W. "COFFEE IN CHINA: MARKET TREND AND CONSUMER DEMAND." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/37.
Анотація:
Although it remains a tea consuming nation, both production and consumption of coffee in China has been increasing at double-digit rates and is not expected to slow down (International Coffee Organization (ICO), 2015). With investments and upward trends in production and rapid increases in consumption of coffee in China it is important for producers and retailers of the bean1 in China to understand the new Chinese coffee consumer. Using survey data from Wuhan, China we help understand the Chinese coffee consumer by explaining their consumption using standard OLS regression. Results show that whether or not consumers make/brew their own coffee, how long consumers have been consuming coffee regularly, the size of the coffee cup most often purchased and individuals’ prediction of their coffee consumption in the following year are all important in explaining Chinese coffee consumption. We suggest for long-run success, that Chinese coffee producers and retailers in China focus on the quality of their coffee bean.
1 ‘bean’ refers to coffee
44
Yang, Y. "The social, policy and economy factor in the solar power market potential identification model with the case study for China." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19973/.
Анотація:
This study is inspired by a previous research of market potential identification for small scale solar power generator by David Sanchez. Sanchez et al’s model includes 5 factors’ analysis: Solar Irradiation (DNI), Demand, Grid, Social-Policy and Risk. Among these 5 factors, the Social-Policy factor includes the analysis of the policy of renewable energy and economy variation in EU countries as well as the energy import rate for 22 candidate countries. The potential problems for this Social-Policy factor model are: 1. This model overlooks the regional diversity on policy and economy situation in big countries, such as China. 2. This model analyses the policies for renewable energy in EU countries, however, it lacks specific policy information for solar power 3. The energy import rate cannot reflect the whole picture of other energies’ interference, especially in a country with sufficient local energy resources. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify the model for Social-Political factor in Market Potentials Identification study and prove the market potential regional variety with this factor. This study also uses China as a case study in modifying the Social-Policy factor in the solar market potential identification study from Sánchez et al. and then identify the factor of social, economy and policy in different province in China. Factor ‘social, economy and policy’ (Fs) includes 4 sub-factors: Energy Mix Factor, Economic Factor (GDP &GDP growth rate), Policy factor (Local policy in solar power) and Solar increase trend factor. Through this study, it will be proved that there is difference for the market potential for China in each province. As a result, for big countries like China, the regional analysis needs to be applied on market potential identification.
45
Liu, Xiaoli. "Agriculture and the operation of the capital market in China." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=92519.
Анотація:
This thesis considers China’s rural financial system and its impact on rural economy. It explores three specific aspects, i.e. the relationship between agricultural growth and finance; agricultural banking efficiency and financial reforms; and the impact of lack of access to credit on production. The results of the general finance-growth relationship over 1992 to 2003 indicate no evidence of a positive relationship between state finance and agricultural or overall growth, although, perhaps as a result of the reforms, this negative impact seemed to disappear when the later sub-period was considered. The results also suggest that the impact of the lagged state credit variable on growth is positive. There is also weak evidence that agriculture growth was less negatively affected by state lending than in the economy overall. There is also some indication that the changes which occurred after the 1993 financial reform were less in agriculture than for the wider economy. Examination on the performance of the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) over the period 1979 to 1992 and 2002 to 2005 show that ABCs’ performance fluctuated over years. However, the overall comparison between the beginning and end of the period indicates an improvement in banking performance in the long-term.
46
Ni, Aimin. "Stock market activities, economic growth and firm growth : evidence from China." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16155.
Анотація:
How important is the financial market for economic growth? It can be argued that from the supply perspective that a well-functioning stock market boosts economic growth by lowering the cost of the firm to access public funds for new investment opportunities to expand business and production. Another view suggests that from the demand perspective that stock markets create a wealth effect on consumption for economic growth. In turn, the growth induces more demand for financial services and so the growth of the stock market. Both the supply and the demand argument imply a positive relationship between the stock market and the economy. Exactly how the behaviour of investors in trading stocks on a stock market can affect the performance of the firm is unclear. The study of this question helps to understand how stock trading activities can affect manufacturing production and so the growth of an economy from the perspective of the micro structure of a market. China as the largest emerging economy in the world has experienced the fastest growth of the economy and rapid development of its stock market over the last 30 years. It provides us with an excellent case to study the question on how the momentum of paper trading of shares can be transmitted to the growth of industry and firms which is a determined part of a real economy. The thesis takes China to study the question in an attempt to discover the micro mechanism of transmission as its key contribution to the existing literature on the study of the stock market effect on economic growth. The thesis employs a fixed effects model to estimate longitudinal firm-level data comprising 2233 heterogeneous Chinese listed firms over the period 2005-2015. In our estimation, it finds how stronger stock-trading performance can induce an increase in external funding of the firm. It then shows how the improvement in a firm's financing ability will turn to improvements in inter-firm reallocations of resources towards the more productive firms. However, the presence of equity over-trading appears to hinder the growth of firm business, possibly because the negative externalities of the speculative trading outweigh the effect of the positive externalities, such as excessive volatility that creates high risk of stock investment. Overall, empirically, the thesis establishes a micro-economic structure of transmission from stock trading activities to the growth of the firm. The structure explains the importance of stock markets on economic growth from the supply perspective of an economy.
47
Dong, Li, and 董立. "The housing supply system in urban China: a market-oriented approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124161X.
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徐慧瑛 and Wai-ying Chui. "Investment environment of the housing market of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968016.
49
蘇慶美 and Hing-mei So. "Hong Kong residential market: the impacts of transport." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3198003X.
50
Ma, Yanqiang [Verfasser], Hans-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfohl, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Elbert. "City Logistics in China – An Empirical Study from An Emerging-Market-Economy Country / Yanqiang Ma. Betreuer: Hans-Christian Pfohl ; Ralf Elbert." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1110791976/34.