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1
Dello Iacono, Umberto, Matthew Reindorp, and Nico Dellaert. "Market adoption of reverse factoring." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 3 (April 7, 2015): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-10-2013-0258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that market dynamics can significantly influence the lifecycle and value of a supply chain finance (SCF) arrangement. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of scientific and trade literature, the authors construct a model of market dynamics for reverse factoring, a specific type of SCF arrangement. The authors assume that firms’ participation in a reverse factoring arrangement is determined by the direct benefits they can derive from it. The authors analyse the model by means of simulation in system dynamics. Findings – The authors identify the following market factors as key for direct benefits: competition, interest rates, receivables volumes, and firms’ working capital goals. The authors find that reverse factoring can yield direct benefits for all supply chain participants, but that these benefits are highly sensitive to market conditions. Research limitations/implications – The model is stylized, but this study shows the need for further research on the dynamic aspects of SCF arrangements. Practical implications – The authors show that supply chain actors should carefully consider the expected evolution of market factors when deciding on participation in a reverse factoring arrangement. Originality/value – Existing research on SCF arrangements almost exclusively considers a static context, where market factors take fixed, known values. The authors provide the first study that links the direct benefits of SCF arrangements to dynamic, interacting market factors. The authors utilize system dynamics, a methodology well-suited to the analysis of such settings, to show that a comprehensive assessment of SCF arrangements cannot neglect the evolutionary perspective.
2
Utami, Septiana Putri. "Harmonization of traditional market competition arrangement with modern." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijier.v1i2.3174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the regulation of traditional market competition arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district; implementing regulations related to the traditional market competition arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district; creating harmonization of traditional market arrangements with modern stores in Sukoharjo district. This study used a method of sociological jurudical approach with the study population of 26 traditional markets in Sukoharjo district. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling using 3 traditional markets with sub-populations adjacent to modern stores.The results of this study are traditional market competition arrangements and modern stores in Sukoharjo district regulated in Local Regulation (Perda) No. 17 year 2017 about structuring and coaching public markets, shopping centers and convenience stores; there are violations in the implementation of regulations carried out by modern store entrepreneurs in term of manipulation of grocery store licenses operating with the concept of a modern store; in order to create harmonization of traditional market arrangements and modern stores, it requires preventive and repressive actions.
3
Bushnell, James B., Erin T. Mansur, and Celeste Saravia. "Vertical Arrangements, Market Structure, and Competition: An Analysis of Restructured US Electricity Markets." American Economic Review 98, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.1.237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines vertical arrangements in electricity markets. Vertically integrated wholesalers, or those with long-term contracts, have less incentive to raise wholesale prices when retail prices are determined beforehand. For three restructured markets, we simulate prices that define bounds on static oligopoly equilibria. Our findings suggest that vertical arrangements dramatically affect estimated market outcomes. Had regulators impeded vertical arrangements (as in California), our simulations imply vastly higher prices than observed and production inefficiencies costing over 45 percent of those production costs with vertical arrangements. We conclude that horizontal market structure accurately predicts market performance only when accounting for vertical structure. (JEL L11, L13, L94)
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Mohammad Bustanol Husein, Hany Novandina Maharani Sy, Fajar Surahman, and Nur Fathin Luaylik. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERATURAN DAERAH PAMEKASAN NOMER 22 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG PENATAAN PASAR TRADISIONAL, PUSAT PERBELANJAAN, DAN TOKO MODERN DI PASAR KOLPAJUNG PAMEKASAN JAWA TIMUR." Journal Publicuho 6, no. 1 (May 6, 2023): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i1.120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to find out the Implementation of District Regulation No. 22 of 2013 concerning Traditional Arrangements, Shopping Centers and Modern Stores at the Kolpajung Pamekasan Market. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, the case study of which was conducted at the Kolpajung Market, Pamekasan Regency. This research is focused on Government Policy in structuring Traditional Markets in Kolpajung Market to create a People's Market whose arrangement is in accordance with Regional Regulations. Primary data obtained by conducting interviews with four informants in accordance with the interview guide. The results of the study show that the traditional market arrangement for the Kolpajung market is still not in accordance with regional regulations, so market management is still not good enough.
5
Linhart, P. B., and R. Radner. "Alternative market arrangements for technology transfer." Annales des Télécommunications 42, no. 11-12 (November 1987): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02997671.
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Intan Salwa and Sujianto Sujianto. "Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima di Pasar Cik Puan Kota Pekanbaru." JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2, no. 4 (October 5, 2023): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v2i4.2650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cik Puan Market is one of the traditional markets in Pekanbaru. Several phenomena were discovered. One of them is the arrangement of street vendors at Cik Puan market. Where the street vendors at Cik Puan Market sell at the TPS past the operational hours. This research aims to analyze how street vendors are arranged at Cik Puan Market, Pekanbaru City and what factors inhibit this arrangement. In this research, the author used descriptive qualitative research methods. Researchers use the theory of George G. Terry (2006: 342) where the indicators used include 4 (four) indicators, namely, planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. The results of this research indicate that the arrangement of street vendors at Cik Puan Market is not fully optimal. The market still faces several obstacles in carrying out the arrangements. This can be seen from the large number of street vendors who sell past the specified selling time limit. Researchers also found several inhibiting factors in implementing this arrangement, which include human resources that are not yet optimal in terms of quantity and quality, and a lack of awareness among street vendors of the importance of complying with existing regulations.
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Dunn, Kimberly, Mark Kohlbeck, and Matthew Magilke. "Future Profitability, Operating Cash Flows, and Market Valuations Associated with Offshoring Arrangements of Technology Jobs." Journal of Information Systems 23, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2009.23.2.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT: We investigate profitability, operating cash flows, and value relevance associated with offshoring arrangements of technology-oriented jobs. Offshoring is the business practice of moving substantial portions of a firm's business operations (and jobs) to another country usually to take advantage of lower labor costs or other production factors in developing countries. Offshoring carries social costs as local jobs are lost which may limit realization of benefits. We find that firms that offshore technology-oriented jobs report greater earnings and operating cash flows following an offshoring event as the relative size of the offshoring arrangement increases. Consistent with these results, the market only values offshoring beyond the impact recognized in the financial statements for larger offshoring arrangements. A valuation discount actually exists for smaller offshoring arrangements suggesting either (1) costs exceed potential benefits or (2) the perception that benefits are only realized through economies of scale. We document both benefits and costs that are important for those firms considering offshoring arrangements and their stakeholders.
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Pakpahan, Elvira Fitriyani. "Reconstruction of Bonds Arrangements in Indonesian Capital Market Justice-Based Value." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 1, no. 1 (August 21, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v1i1.1638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trustee contracts referring to the special provisions on guarantees stipulated by Bapepam (Capital Market Supervisory Agency)/OJK (Financial Service Authority) as referred in item 4 letter E Kep. Bapepam-LK No.412 / BL / 2010 are considered too general. The provision of guarantee on number 4 letter E Kep. Bapepam No.412 is limited to informational provisions, not a requirement. The purpose of this paper is to know and analyze the implementation of bond arrangements and weaknesses in the capital market of Indonesia based on the value of justice. Why there are weaknesses in the implementation of bond arrangement in Indonesia capital market. This research used sociological juridical method. The theories used to analyze were the theory of Degrading Justice as the Grand Theory, Theory of Legal Protection as the Middle Range Theory and Theory of the Covenant as Applied Theory. Based on the results of research implementation of bond arrangement in Indonesia capital market does not give justice value to the parties such as issuer, trustee and investor in particular. Unclear arrangements in Bapepam-LK's Decree on General Provisions and Trustee Contracts under the Warranty (if any) do not provide legal certainty and fairness to bond investors in the event of default. The weaknesses in the implementation of bonds arrangement in the Indonesian capital market due to the functions and duties of the Trustee listed in UUPM have no regulatory arrangements, as well as the absence of guidelines/standards in the preparation of the trustee contract. The reconstruction of the law shall be conducted by changing the special provisions of Bapepam Decree Number 412 on item 4 letter E concerning the guarantee (if any) by removing / removing the existing word in parentheses (if any), as it does not reflect the value of legal certainty and dignified justice.
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Kangile, Rajabu Joseph, Charles Peter Mgeni, Zena Theopist Mpenda, and Stefan Sieber. "The Determinants of Farmers’ Choice of Markets for Staple Food Commodities in Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Institutional and policy-induced factors affect farmers’ decisions on the choice of the market to sell their staple foods. This results in low motivation to participate in the production and agricultural commodities’ commercialization. This study determines specific institutional and policy-induced factors affecting the farmers’ decisions regarding the staple food market choice in Tanzania. The study uses household survey data collected from 820 farmers raising staple food crops (maize, rice, sorghum, and millet) randomly selected from the Dodoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania. The index method, descriptive statistics, and choice model (multinomial logit model) are used for data analysis. Qualitative policy analysis is used for analyzing policy-induced factors. Findings show a low level of integration of farmers into staple food markets, with female-headed households facing more hurdles in accessing markets than male-headed households. Age, formal training, the value of agricultural production, membership in organizations, access to credit, contractual arrangements, and distance to markets are significant factors driving farmers to choose a particular market to sell their produces. Restriction of selling and use of staple food commodities, instability of food policy administration, and procedural operation obstacles are found to be key policy-induced factors affecting the marketing of staple food commodities in Tanzania. The scale of production, as depicted by the value of production, and supply contract arrangement with buyers are important factors to ensure that farming households excel in lucrative markets through increased economies of scale and the ability to reach critical volumes for supplying to various markets. Supporting market linkage and infrastructure, as well as enforcing transparent and non-restrictive food marketing policies, would help many farmers enter into contractual arrangements that increase market access and improve market choices.
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O’Regan, Tom. "Remembering Video." Television & New Media 13, no. 5 (April 24, 2012): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476412443090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informal cultural markets are not new. Nor are “pirate” video and software markets as different from formal markets as supposed. They are also markets governed by pricing, providing opportunities for leverage by market participants at the expense of each other. Pirate markets are a variant of a cultural market in which returns for sellers and costs to buyers factor in limited to no formal returns to content owners. Furthermore, in large parts of the world, such informal arrangements facilitate cultural, social, and market participation. This article remembers the disruptions that accompanied the VCR’s introduction to identify longstanding pathways of market formation to which the VCR and our current “digital” ensemble of DVD and downloads conform; and those features common to these and other media technologies which lend themselves to diverse production, distribution, and consumption arrangements globally.
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Buchta, S. "Labour market and agricultural population." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 11 (February 24, 2012): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5244-agricecon.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyses situation on the labour market in 1999–2003, with particular focus on the agricultural population, and explains the pressure that forces agricultural employers to reduce their full-time staff and rely more on the seasonal and short-term employment arrangements. In the recent past, the segment of rotating workers (who take up short-term seasonal jobs between periods of unemployment), has taken on quite a significant dimension. The article also analyses territorial aggregations with high incidence of agricultural unemployment. It points at the regular, seasonal and increased layouts of agricultural workers who end up in the register of unemployed. It identifies the social risk connected with the seasonal type of work arrangements in agriculture from the viewpoint of the labour and social protection and increased social marginalisation of this social group.
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Haase, Michaela, and Michael Kleinaltenkamp. "Property Rights Design and Market Process: Implications for Market Theory, Marketing Theory, and S-D Logic." Journal of Macromarketing 31, no. 2 (March 9, 2011): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146710397662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article highlights the relevance of property rights theory for the development of market and marketing theory from the perspective of service-dominant (S-D) logic. The outcome that market actors promise to cocreate depends on the property rights arrangement characterizing a transaction. Within the institutional framework of an economy, and based on an analysis of contract types and transaction arrangements, the authors explain how property rights both enable and constrain the achievement of the actors’ objectives. In addition, the authors discuss the consequences of property rights designs for the domain of marketing theory and elucidate the implications for S-D logic that can be derived from a property rights perspective.
13
Xing, Hui Ru, Jiang Ping Tao, and Wei Zhao. "Catastrophic Risk, the Disequilibrium of Agricultural Insurance Markets and Reinsurance - Based on the Data from Hubei." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Catastrophic risk existing objectively in agricultural production is the main cause for the imbalance of the agricultural insurance markets, and to promote the sustainable development of the agricultural insurance, it is necessary to improve the agricultural insurance risk transfer mechanisms. Under the condition of farms and insurance companies expected utility maximum, we develop an agricultural insurance market equilibrium model based on the M-V preference function, and then demonstrate that catastrophic risk leads to the imbalance in the agricultural insurance market. Insurance companies involved in reinsurance arrangements helps rectify the imbalances in agricultural insurance market. Based on this analysis we verify the development of Hubeis agricultural insurance market, and then simulate the reinsurance arrangement of Hubei agricultural insurance. The theoretic and empirical analysis has an implication for the design of agricultural insurance catastrophe risk transfer tools.
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Somarriba-Toruño, Ridder Alberto, and L. M. "Efecto de tres arreglos de siembra sobre variables agronómicas, productivas y pato métricas en el cultivo de chiltoma (Capsicum annuum) en camas biointensivas." Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim. 8, no. 16 (November 8, 2022): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ribcc.v8i16.15126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Capsicum annuum L, known in Nicaragua as chiltoma, is cultivated mainly in small production areas, in a monoculture system, intended for local markets, however production has been growing due to high market demand, said crop demands a lot attention and productive technology since the pressure of arthropod insect pests and diseases has been gradually increasing due to changes in climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic, productive and pathometric characteristics of the sweet pepper crop under three planting arrangements such as: staggered, square and linear arrangement in biointensive beds. In each treatment, variables of height, stem thickness, number and weight of fruits were taken, in addition to evaluating the incidence and severity of diseases in the crop. Obtaining as a result that there is a significant difference between the variation of planting arrangements in the variables of height and thickness of the stem, with the staggered planting arrangement being the one that presented the highest values. The linear arrangement obtained a greater quantity of fruits. Regarding pathometry, during the crop the cercosporiosis disease caused by the fungus Cercospora capsici was presented, which affected 100% of the crop, so we can say that the planting arrangements did not influence its incidence, as far as to severity, the linear arrangement presented 50.2% since the more separated plants were less prone to the disease, thus reducing the affectation of the crop.
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Araujo, Luis, and Katy Mason. "Markets, infrastructures and infrastructuring markets." AMS Review 11, no. 3-4 (November 17, 2021): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13162-021-00212-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDespite a growing understanding of market infrastructures—the rules and socio-material arrangements that enable agreements on the properties of goods, and the calculation of value, equivalence and exchange—we know little of what lies beneath the arrangements that underpin and are implicated in exchange. The socio-material lens has done much to explain how specific assemblages circulate information and goods, but has done little to explain how different infrastructures configure relations between dispersed market practices. Using the history of the development of the market for market research we show how knowledge-based infrastructures constitute markets as knowledge objects: new expertise emerged through alliances between academia, government, and private actors form a new occupation embodied in specialist agencies that set themselves up in an infrastructural relation to marketing practices. Our conceptualization of markets as knowledge objects extends extant understandings of markets by showing how: (1) extant knowledge-based infrastructures are drawn on to construct new markets; (2) infrastructural relations emerge between different markets to constitute multiple systems of provision and demand, leading to an increasingly valuable knowledge infrastructure; and (3) organized practices in one market are often heavily reliant on connections to other markets, including knowledge-based infrastructures such as market research services.
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Teague, Paul. "Standard-setting for Labour in Regional Trading Blocs: the EU and NAFTA Compared." Journal of Public Policy 22, no. 3 (September 2002): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x02002039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the labour standard-setting capacities of the EU and NAFTA. The social dimension to the EU is depicted as being organised along the principles of deliberative supranationalism. The North American Agreement on Labour Cooperation (NAALC), sometimes referred to as the Labour Side Accord, which is the labour standard-setting arrangement for NAFTA, is regarded as a tri-national institutional arrangement which grafts formal international procedures onto domestic labour market regimes. The paper seeks to describe and explain how the different types of activities in which the two social dimensions are engaged can be traced back to their overall institutional design. The paper argues that EU social policy is the stronger of the two arrangements and that NAALC has significant shortcomings. Yet it also argues that NAALC holds out interesting lessons for other regional trading blocs and other global experiments in labour market standard setting as its decentralised and `horizontal' character is more in keeping with the broad institutional design of these arrangements.
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Hunsaker, James. "New Sydney and Adelaide gas markets—what it means for producers." APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The introduction of the short term trading market (STTM) as the mechanism for supply of gas to both the Sydney and Adelaide markets presents a fundamental shift in the manner in which gas is provided to these markets, directionally leading to a more liquid market and increased efficiency of supply infrastructure, including potential implications for gas producers into the future.Traditionally, Sydney and Adelaide have been supplied with gas made available under long term contracts between retailers, producers and providers of gas pipeline infrastructure. The STTM has attempted to recognise the contribution and legal standing of these foundation arrangements while providing means by which an increased range of parties may offer gas directly to the market by removing the need for long term arrangements with a downstream counterparty. The ability to sell gas into these markets without having a defined downstream buyer potentially provides an additional route to market for producers.The STTM will begin operation on 4 June 2010, preceded by a trial period beginning in March 2010. This presentation will provide a description of the new market, any additional obligations for producers and, finally, an overview of opportunities the new market may provide.
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Henrique Montagnana Vicente Leme, Paulo, Gustavo Nunes Maciel, and Cassio Eduardo Cândido Souza. "Market Practices and Structuring Practices on Market Making: Sustainable Certified and Specialty Coffee Market Dynamics in Brazil." Revista Interdisciplinar de Marketing 14, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/rimar.v14i1.66596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On this paper, in a five years longitudinal study, the theoretical framework the constructivist market studies (CMS) were used to analyze how market practices interacted with structuring practices in the making of market arrangements throughout the sustainable and specialty coffee market development process in Brazil. Through the historical reconstruction of the UTZ certification program in Brazil and the Cup of Excellence (COE) coffee quality competition, based on document analysis and in-depth interviews, it was possible to identify the main market practices adopted by the actors involved in the organization and in market designing. It was possible to select specific translation moments that resulted in different market framings, showing how rules, devices and practices shaped the Brazilian coffee market. Main representational, normalizing and exchange practices were identified and it was highlighted the role of a new analytical category called “market structuring practices”, which acts as an important mechanism for the making of market arrangements and for the shaping and consolidation of market practices (marketization process).
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Hasan, Iftekhar, Liang Song, Meisong Zhan, Peng Zhang, and Zhaoguo Zhang. "Corporate disclosure and financing arrangements." Asian Review of Accounting 23, no. 2 (July 17, 2015): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-01-2014-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how firms’ disclosure standards influence the syndicated loan market, with an emphasis on loan syndicate structure and composition. Design/methodology/approach – To empirically investigate the effects of corporate disclosure on bank loan syndicate structure and composition, the authors hand-match Dealscan, Worldscope, and other databases and construct a sample across 11 emerging markets. Findings – The authors found that lead banks retain less ownership and form a less-concentrated loan syndicate when borrowers have superior disclosure policies. The authors also concluded that lead banks select more foreign participants in a loan syndicate and these members retain more ownership when borrowers have high disclosure rankings. Finally, the authors present evidence that the relationship between corporate disclosure and bank loan syndicates is more significant for firms with better governance. Originality/value – The findings suggest that corporate disclosure has a significant influence on financing arrangements, even in a weak governance environment.
20
Wangu, James, Ellen Mangnus, and A. C. M. (Guus) van Westen. "Recognizing Determinants to Smallholders’ Market Orientation and Marketing Arrangements: Building on a Case of Dairy Farming in Rural Kenya." Land 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smallholder commercialization is central to international development policy and practice. As a result, several arrangements to foster market linkages are being implemented. Especially popular are farmers’ organizations, which are believed to be owned, controlled, and financed by smallholders. As such, their design is considered inclusive given every household in a community is theoretically allowed to become a member, and the governance and management structure encourage participatory decision-making. However, even in the context in which farmers’ organizations are actively promoted, a notable proportion of smallholders may not be able to engage in market-oriented production or may opt for the existing alternative marketing arrangements, as dictated by individual households’ socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on the case of smallholder farming in Olenguruone, Nakuru county, Kenya, where a donor funded dairy farmers’ cooperative marketing arrangement is promoted alongside existing marketing opportunities, the present research investigated the factors that determine smallholders’ commercial farming orientation and marketing arrangements. It employed a case study approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods for a more complete empirical inquiry. The findings demonstrate that irrespective of the external support provided through marketing opportunities such as farmer organizations, smallholders’ engagement in commercial farming and marketing is dictated by the socioeconomic attributes and market perceptions that are heterogeneous among households in a smallholder community.
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Datta, Nikhil, Giulia Giupponi, and Stephen Machin. "Zero-hours contracts and labour market policy." Economic Policy 34, no. 99 (July 1, 2019): 369–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiz008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARY The evolving nature of atypical work arrangements is studied. A particular focus is placed on one such form of work relation: zero-hours contracts (ZHCs). The paper uses existing secondary data and new survey data collected for the specific purpose of studying alternative work arrangements to describe the nature of ZHC work in the UK labour market. The interaction with labour market policy is explored, in the context of the 2016 introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage. ZHC work is shown to be an important feature of today’s work arrangements, and the wage cost shock induced by the new, higher minimum wage resulted in an increased use of ZHCs in the UK social care sector, and in low wage sectors more generally.
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Yu, Chen. "Institutional Change, Market Evolution, and Informal Contractual Arrangements." Chinese Economic Studies 29, no. 5 (September 1996): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-147529055.
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Anacleto, Adilson, Suelena Cristina Moro, Luiz Antonio Michaliszyn Filho, Karina Capete, Sandro Deretti, José Ronaldo Fassheber, and Kátia Kalko Schwarz. "Productive arrangement of oysters: a comparative study between two communities in southern Brazil." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 16, no. 7 (July 6, 2023): 6100–6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.16n.7-053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The oyster cultivation in Brazil has a great productive concentration in the Southern region of Brazil, however the consolidation of these productive arrangements occurs slowly and with great variation among the producing communities. Scattered information was found on the reasons for the uneven development of smaller arrangements. Therefore, in view of the relevance of the activity and in order to identify the factors responsible for the inequality in the growth of productive arrangements, a descriptive exploratory study was carried out between March and July 2022 with the leaders of two fishing communities in the local productive arrangement - LPA, Cabaraquara, on the Coast of Paraná, Brazil, being one of them a consolidated arrangement and the other one in development. The research revealed that the difference between the productivity of both does not seem to be linked to factors such as proximity to the consumer market, distribution logistics, manpower, producers' ability to articulate with the market or even geoclimatic characteristics. The main factors that limit the consolidation of LPAs are the degree of difficulty in accessing production inputs, the lack of technical assistance and the almost non-existence of public policies for the segment. Although oyster clusters have conditions for growth and consolidation, the presence of arrangements of producers in these regions is not a sufficient condition for local development, requiring the formation of links and interdependent relationships among them. Therefore, especially in the Cabaraquara Community, it is necessary to establish a governance model that allows for positive results in terms of efficiency and competitiveness in the dialogue with other actors outside the producing communities.
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Amachree, Gladys, and Chinnah Charity. "Franchising Arrangements and Marketing Performance of Textile Industries in South – East Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2023): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijmcs.v7.no1.2023.pg28.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the relationship between franchising arrangements and marketing performance of textile distributors in South-East, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) and Resource Scarcity Theory (RST). Convenient sampling was employed in order to reach the study objectives. The analysis revealed positive and significant relationship between the two variables that was investigated. The findings revealed that franchising arrangement is a factor that motivates entrepreneurs to remain in franchising chain. Franchising has a strong relationship with customers’ satisfaction and market share, and protects entrepreneurs against competitor. Conclusively, Franchising Arrangements have positive and significant relationship with marketing performance. It was recommended that textile distributors in South-East Nigeria should fully adopt the practice of franchising arrangements in order to boost their business activities.
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Eldomiaty, Tarek, Islam Azzam, Mostafa Fouad, and Yasmeen Said. "The Use of Economic Indicators as Early Signals of Stock Market Progress: Perspectives from Market Potential Index." International Journal of Financial Studies 12, no. 1 (February 26, 2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12010021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The progress of financial markets depends on the way world investors foresee the market potential of the country of choice. Countries that are associated with favorable economic incentives are able to motivate investments in their respective stock markets. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of the many economic components which constitute the Market Potential Index in enhancing stock market progress. The methodology goes through testing and estimation. The tests include linearity versus nonlinearity (RESET), normality, and cointegration. The estimation includes cointegration regression and discriminant analysis to distinguish between high and low stock market progress. This study examines unbalanced panel data that covers the years 1996–2022 for 54 countries where a stock market exists. The results show the following: (a) increases in people’s expenditure result in decreases in consumption of investment in financial securities; (b) the investments in infrastructure technology is positively associated with stock market progress; (c) the positive effect of economic freedom indicates that further adaptive trading regulations are beneficial to stock market progress; (d) increases in imports consume large proportions of people’s income, coming at the expense of investment in financial securities; (e) stock markets that are associated with high country risk are characterized by a positive risk–return tradeoff, i.e., a high risk premium; (f) the stock markets listed in the MPI can reach high progress by improving three indicators, namely commercial infrastructure, market receptivity, and country risk. This paper offers a thorough and unique examination of the institutional arrangements and stock market progress. The paper offers a guide to policy makers about how economic institutional arrangements can be promoted in order to reach high stock market progress.
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Gollnhofer, Johanna F., and John W. Schouten. "Complementing the Dominant Social Paradigm with Sustainability." Journal of Macromarketing 37, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146717696892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dominant social paradigm (DSP) defines the basic belief structures and practices of marketplace actors and is manifested in existing exchange structures. Sustainability – a so-called megatrend – challenges the DSP by questioning its underlying assumptions, resulting in tensions or conflicts for different marketplace actors. This study examines a specific case of an alternative market arrangement that bridges tensions between the DSP and environmental concerns. Ethnography in the context of retail food waste disposition reveals tensions experienced by several marketplace actors – namely consumers, retail firms and regulators – and investigates an alternative market arrangement that alleviates those tensions by connecting the actors and their practices in a creative new way. We identify complementarity as the underlying mechanism of connection and resolution. Compared to previously identified alternative market arrangements that are either oppositional or parallel to the DSP, complementarity opens another path toward greater environmental sustainability through market-level solutions.
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Shearmur, Jeremy. "Consumer Sovereignty, Prices and Preferences for Higher-order Goods." Political Studies 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1991.tb01394.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers two arguments for markets: prices, within them, allow us to coordinate our activities in situations of dispersed knowledge and ignorance, and markets foster consumer sovereignty. It suggests that these – telling – arguments stand in need of qualification, in the light of consumers' preferences for ‘higher-order’ goods, which may be difficult to exhibit through choices in the market-place. It suggests that such preferences are not easily handled by political means, either – and that we may here face an uneliminable imperfection in our social arrangements. It may be important that we be aware of such imperfections, lest we be tempted away from the best arrangements we can achieve by those who point to such imperfections and promise to offer us a resolution of them. Nobody is exempt from the law of the market, the consumers' sovereignty.1
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Al-Arif, Abdurrahman, and Ira Mentayani. "PERANCANGAN PASAR BARU MARABAHAN." JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA LANTING 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtamlanting.v12i2.2221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Marabahan City is the capital city of Barito Kuala which is also the center of government and economy, seen from the arrangement of the city between the government and the community's economic center located in the market. Marabahan City also gets the motto of the word Bahalap (beautiful) contrary to the existence of market arrangements and lacking facilities for the community where the source of the economy for most of the people of the Marabahan city are farmers and traders.For the arrangement of the city of Marabahan with the market design for the community with facilities and analysis based on the environmental situation of the city of Marabahan using a behavioral architectural approach with the Behavior setting method. Which combines two aspects, namely between the environment and people's behavior.The result of the design of the new Marabahan market is the existence of stalls for retail traders and the arrangement of stalls and shops and even the layout of the motorcycle parking lot which used to use the main road.
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Kusumawati, Berlianingsih, Muchtar Riva’i, and Ali Chaerudin. "Kebijakan Strategis Peningkatan Kapasitas Pasar Tradisional Dan Pedagang Kaki Lima Dengan Konsep Kemitraan Di Tangerang Selatan." Liquidity 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v2i2.120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Presidential Regulation No. 112/2007 and Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 53/2008 concerning the Arrangement and Development of Traditional Markets in Modern Market has been established. So along with the implementation of these regulations, then the rules to increase the capabilities and bargaining power of traditional traders, street vendors and entrepreneurs of modern markets is a strategic policy. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of "partnership" among small and large enterprises. The method used socio-legal which determine and analyze power behavior/ effectiveness of the regulations require a review of the philosophical, juridical, economic, sociological and political, and examine methods follow the theory of participation by conducting a survey of objects that match the theme of this research. The result informed us that the Local Government of Tangerang Selatan has been launched the local regulation which is legally very beneficial for retail trade arrangements between traditional markets, and the Modern Market. However, the regulation has not been tested in practice as an evident effectiveness of the regulation.
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Vis, Peter. "VAT in the Single Market: the Transitional Arrangements Explained." EC Tax Review 1, Issue 2 (June 1, 1992): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta1992014.
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Zheng, Xiaoyong, and Tomislav Vukina. "Do Alternative Marketing Arrangements Increase Pork Packers' Market Power?" American Journal of Agricultural Economics 91, no. 1 (February 2009): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01185.x.
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Godlewski, Christophe, Zuzana Fungáčová, and Laurent Weill. "Stock Market Reaction to Debt Financing Arrangements in Russia." Comparative Economic Studies 53, no. 4 (October 13, 2011): 679–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.2011.19.
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Bar-Isaac, Heski, and Alessandro Gavazza. "Brokers’ contractual arrangements in the Manhattan residential rental market." Journal of Urban Economics 86 (March 2015): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.12.002.
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Samerwong, Phatra, Simon R. Bush, and Peter Oosterveer. "Metagoverning Aquaculture Standards: A Comparison of the GSSI, the ASEAN GAP, and the ISEAL." Journal of Environment & Development 26, no. 4 (November 7, 2017): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496517736872.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of multiple eco-certification standards for sustainable aquaculture is thought to create confusion and add cost for producers and consumers alike. To ensure their quality and consistency, a range of so-called metagovernance arrangements have emerged that seek to provide harmonized quality assurance over these standards. This article aims to answer the question of how these metagovernance arrangements differ and whether they actually reduce confusion, with a focus on aquaculture in Southeast Asia. We compare three metagovernance arrangements, the Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative, the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Good Aquaculture Practices, with respect to differences in their goals, their levels of inclusiveness, and their internal governance arrangement. The findings indicate that these metagovernance arrangements differ with respect to their goals and approaches and do not seem to directly reduce confusion. More critically, they represent a new arena for competition among market, state, and civil society actors in controlling the means of regulation when aiming for more sustainable aquaculture production.
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T. Renz, Hartmut, Ingrid Kalisch, Sandra Pfister, Stuart Axford, and George M. Williams, Jr. "ESMA opinion on structured retail products – good practices for product governance arrangements." Journal of Investment Compliance 15, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-09-2014-0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – To explain the practices that ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority) recommends for investment firms and national competent authorities to implement when it comes to structured retail products (SRPs), in order to ensure sound product governance arrangements and the consistency of supervisory practices needed for adequate investor protection across the European Union. Design/methodology/approach – Lists the ESMA guidelines for the general organization of product governance arrangements, breaks down the aspects manufacturers should consider in the making of their SRPs, highlights the need to understand the target market, explains the appropriate structure of the distributor’s and manufacturer’s distribution strategy, details how manufacturers establish a SRP’s value, recommends how investment firms deal with SRPs on the secondary market, and explains how manufacturers review the performance of their SRPs. Findings – The competent authorities are still focusing on improving and enforcing investor protection. This ESMA opinion is just one example of how product governance structures and arrangements should be developed and implemented by everyone involved. It will be important to attend carefully to what MiFID 2 (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2) product governance requirements bring regarding investor protection in addition to the described ESMA opinion, which is based on MiFID 1. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced finance lawyers.
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Gibelman, Margaret. "Social Workers for Rent: The Contingency Human Services Labor Force." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 86, no. 4 (October 2005): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3451.
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This article explores the use of contingency employment arrangements in the human services within the larger context of the changing labor market. The author identifies and characterizes trends in the contingency market in social work and articulates the various advantages and disadvantages of these arrangements from the vantage point of employing organizations and the professional labor force. The author also raises questions about the accuracy of perceived cost-benefits of these arrangements as well as implications for professional ethics and values, service quality, accountability, and workplace environment. Careful monitoring and evaluation of the use of contingent workers are essential to ensure the quality, efficiency, and efficacy of these alternative arrangements on the provision of human services.
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Gregory, Mark A. "Regional Mobile Telecommunications Access, Competition and Public Benefits." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n2.595.
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The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) received an application for merger approval from Telstra Corporation Limited and TPG Telecom Limited related to three interrelated agreements that would put in place a Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) arrangement. The three agreements include a MOCN Service Agreement, a Spectrum Authorisation Agreement, and a Mobile Site Transition Agreement. This paper considers the proposed arrangements, identifies that the ACCC’s failure to declare domestic mobile roaming in 2018 was, in some large part, responsible for the market environment that fostered the current proposal, and that the proposed arrangements are not a satisfactory mechanism to fundamentally improve the delivery of reasonably priced, open and competitive, reliable, and high-quality mobile telecommunications in regional and remote areas.
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Geiger, Susi, and Nicole Gross. "Market Failures and Market Framings: Can a market be transformed from the inside?" Organization Studies 39, no. 10 (August 19, 2017): 1357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840617717098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How do actors innovate markets in cases of perceived market failures? This paper’s aim is to examine what happens when a market is innovated or, as we call it, ‘redevised’ in situations where public and commercial interests significantly diverge. Market devices can serve an important function in such attempts to innovate markets: they are material and/or social arrangements that are put into place to shape the market in question in certain ways. But can such devices really transform a market from within? To examine this question we trace the history of the Geneva Medicines Patent Pool, a civil society initiative introduced to change pharmaceutical firms’ licensing and collaboration practices in the market for HIV/AIDS medicines. Our empirical results indicate that redevising a market in response to market failures can shift the market’s frames and contribute to altering its practices, but that this is a pragmatic and often lengthy process that is never fully predictable in advance. By attending to the intended and unintended consequences - or misfires - of redevising a market, our study raises important questions around acting in and on the market, market innovation’s’ ontological impact, zooming in and zooming out when studying redevising, and attending to the temporality of market innovation.
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ANYANGO-VAN ZWIETEN, NOWELLA, RENÉ VAN DER DUIM, and INGRID J. VISSEREN-HAMAKERS. "Compensating for livestock killed by lions: payment for environmental services as a policy arrangement." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (April 22, 2015): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000090.
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SUMMARYTo address human–wildlife conflicts and the related threat of extinction of the African lion, in 2003, the Maasailand Preservation Trust established a fund at the Mbirikani Group Ranch in southern Kenya to provide monetary compensation for livestock killed by wildlife. In this paper, the policy arrangement approach (PAA) is used to analyse this arrangement as a form of payment for environmental services (PES). Although there has been a considerable reduction in the number of lions killed, the analysis reveals several limitations of this arrangement, including three main side effects, namely it has initiated a process that is difficult to sustain or reverse, created a new cycle of dependence and widened the gap between different groups in the community. In conclusion, the drawbacks of this type of compensation fund must be addressed by combining such arrangements with other public and private policies and initiatives. Careful examination and comparison of different kinds of experiments with PES-like arrangements are required to further build understanding of the potential and different contributions of public and private, market-based initiatives in biodiversity governance.
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MICELI, THOMAS J. "Transaction-specific investments and organizational choice: a Coase-to-Coase theory." Journal of Institutional Economics 11, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137414000435.
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AbstractThis paper examines markets, firms, and the law as alternative institutional arrangements for organizing transactions that involve transaction-specific investments and uncertain performance. The analysis is the logical extension of Coase's seminal analysis of the market-firm boundary on one hand, and the market-law boundary on the other. It thus combines insights from the literature on industrial organization and law and economics. The result is a unified framework that reveals the relative advantages and disadvantages, within a fairly simple economic setting, of market exchange, court ordering (contracts), and internal governance (agency).
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KNAPP, MARTIN, BRIAN HARDY, and JULIEN FORDER. "Commissioning for Quality: Ten Years of Social Care Markets in England." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 2 (April 2001): 283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401006225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The introduction of social care markets was one of the main planks of the Conservative government's community care reforms of 1990. The Labour government, whilst emphasising collaboration rather than competition, has not sought to reverse this policy. What have been the consequences? We discuss a decade of market-related change under five heads: purchasers, providers, commissioning, care planning and delivery, and users and carers. There have been quite substantial changes effected by social care markets in each domain, in turn generating a number of pertinent questions for the future success of social care policy in England. One is the very suitability of market-like arrangements in social care. Another is whether transaction costs are too high. More generally, are social care markets structured in a way that will generate the efficiency improvements that successive governments expect of them? Fourth, to what extent will price competition damage quality of care? Finally, will commissioning arrangements mature so as to achieve a better balance between competitive and collaborative modes of working?
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Jenkins, Morgan M., Kimberly A. Williams, and Laura A. Brannon. "Increased Knowledge about Floral Preservatives Influences Consumers’ Perception of the Quality and Value of a Floral Arrangement Purchase." HortTechnology 23, no. 2 (April 2013): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.2.142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines whether knowledge about floral preservatives increases consumers’ perception of quality, purchase intention, and price of a floral arrangement. A survey was administered to 222 participants at two locations in Manhattan, KS. Seventy-three percent of respondents fell within Generation Y (18 to 30 years old). The survey instrument presented four levels of presentation of a floral arrangement that were associated with increasing knowledge about the use of floral preservatives on consumers’ perceptions about the quality and price of that arrangement, as follows: Level 1 showed a photo of a floral arrangement without preservatives; Level 2 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a small, unlabeled packet of preservatives; Level 3 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a large, clearly labeled packet of preservatives; and Level 4 showed the same photos as Level 3 but was presented after a 191-word message describing the three functions of floral preservatives. Participants of the survey rated the quality of a floral arrangement higher from Level 2 (presence of floral preservatives not explicit) to Level 3 (presence of floral preservatives explicit) and from Level 3 to Level 4 (after reading a message about floral preservatives’ function and effectiveness). Their intent to purchase the floral arrangement generally increased with each level of presentation. Females indicated intention to purchase flowers more frequently than males. Participants increased the price that they were willing to pay for the floral arrangement at each level of presentation, starting at $25.46 at Level 1 (no floral preservatives use indicated) to $29.19 at Level 4. Participants were more knowledgeable about the benefits of floral preservatives and believed that floral preservatives increased the value of floral arrangements after reading a message describing their function and effectiveness more so than before reading a message. The younger the respondent, the more willing they were to pay more for floral arrangements with floral preservatives. As consumers become more aware of the use of floral preservatives and more knowledgeable about how and why they are effective, they attribute higher quality to floral arrangements with preservatives, they are willing to pay more for arrangements with preservatives, and their purchase intention frequency increases. Florists should always use preservatives in their processing and construction of fresh floral arrangements, consider providing a message about the function and effectiveness of floral preservatives to their customers, and then market their use of these materials.
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Koutroumpis, Pantelis, Aija Leiponen, and Llewellyn D. W. Thomas. "Markets for data." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtaa002.
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Abstract Although datasets are abundant and assumed to be immensely valuable, they are not being shared or traded openly and transparently on a large scale. We investigate the nature of data trading with a conceptual market design approach and demonstrate the importance of provenance to overcome appropriability and quality concerns. We consider the requirements for efficient data exchange, comparing existing trading arrangements against efficient market models and show that it is possible to achieve either large markets with little control or small markets with greater control. We describe some future research directions.
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Koren, Andrei V., Tatyana E. Danilovskikh, and Artem A. Pustovarov. "Improvement of Tax Regulation Arrangements for the Russian Stock Market." REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas 8, no. 16 (December 31, 2020): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v8i16.10723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper discusses various options for taxation of transactions with securities issued by Russian companies. The study aims to solve the problem of low investor activity in the Russian stock market by transforming the current tax legislation. An assessment of the factors restraining the development of the primary public offerings market is given. The problems of the existing methodology for the formation of the tax base when calculating income tax and personal income tax on transactions with exchange-traded financial assets are analysed. A methodology for providing tax benefits and tax incentives for investors is proposed. An assessment of the effectiveness of tax benefits using an individual investment account is given. A comparative analysis of the amount of taxes paid is carried out depending on the status of an investor and the type of securities. A detailed description of the methods for calculating taxes on stocks, bonds and futures is given. The results of the study consist in substantiating theoretical and practical provisions that allow us to develop an effective mechanism for taxing financial transactions in the securities market. The need is theoretically substantiated and the significance of state support in the stock market for citizens of the Russian Federation is determined. Mechanisms are proposed for cancelling separate accounting for several types of tax bases. The main problems are found and ways to improve the mechanism of taxation of transactions made on the Russian stock market are developed.
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SAITO, OSAMU. "Land, labour and market forces in Tokugawa Japan." Continuity and Change 24, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416009007061.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the markets for land and labour in traditional Japan, where peasant families accounted for 80 per cent of the population; it focuses on the extent of these markets and how they operated. The survey of evidence, both literary and statistical, indicates that, while the size of the factor markets was small and limited, lease arrangements for farmland and the markets for seasonal labour and the rural–urban transfer of manpower functioned rather well. It is therefore suggested that market forces must have played an indispensable part in the process of Tokugawa Japan's proto-industrialization and Smithian growth.
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Konsynski, Benn, and Amrit Tiwana. "The Improvisation-Efficiency Paradox in Inter-Firm Electronic Networks: Governance and Architecture Considerations." Journal of Information Technology 19, no. 4 (December 2004): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need to simultaneously achieve operational efficiency, while accommodating a continuous morphing of alliances and network arrangements, is a key challenge in the modern enterprise and market. Inter-firm interdependence and unpredictable market shifts heighten the need to establish an architecture and governance arrangement that permits rapid adaptation. Fully integrated firms have increasingly morphed into networks of collaborators. The demand for efficient and effective inter-firm coordination is no longer a desired condition, but essential for competitive position. Historically, the cost of this efficiency has been loss of flexibility, yet volatile markets reward efficiency and flexibility. Market trends demand an ability to improvise in the marketplace - converge execution with planning - while being simultaneously efficient. In this paper, we explore this improvisation-efficiency paradox. The architecture and governance issues are considered that seek the strengths of both effects. Efficiency need not come at a high cost in attaining the ability to be adaptive and spontaneous. We explore the key considerations of both network architecture and governance structures that characterize improvisational networks. Trade communities and trading partners establish a discipline of processes and decision rights that serve the community of collaborators.
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Syropoulos, Constantinos. "Implications of Preferential Trade Arrangements for Policy and Market Access." Canadian Journal of Economics 29 (April 1996): S401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136076.
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Lai, Yu‐Cheng, and Santanu Sarkar. "Labor market effects of work‐sharing arrangements in Taiwan, ROC." International Journal of Manpower 34, no. 6 (September 9, 2013): 635–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2013-0147.
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Ahmed, Mohamed M., Berhanu Gebremedhin, Samuel Benin, and Simeon Ehui. "Measurement and sources of technical efficiency of land tenure contracts in Ethiopia." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 3 (July 2002): 507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0200030x.
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The degree to which prevailing land tenure arrangements constrain agricultural productivity, and the sources of inefficiency associated with land tenure systems in sub-Saharan Africa are unresolved. Using a stochastic frontier production function, this paper examines the economic efficiency and the determinants of inefficiency of alternative land tenure arrangements in Ethiopia. The results show that sharecropping and borrowing are less technically efficient than owner-cultivation or fixed rentals due to restrictions imposed on them by landowners and the interactions of the land market with other imperfect and absent input markets. Thus, a policy to facilitate more efficient transactions of land between farmers and functioning of input markets are expected to reduce inefficiencies associated with these tenure systems.
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Krogh, Fabio, Reto Merz, Rudolf Gisler, Marco Müller, Bernhard Paolini, Jose L. Lopez, and Alfred Freilich. "Inhomogeneous feed gas processing in industrial ozone generation." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 11 (December 1, 2008): 2077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.760.
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The synthesis of ozone by means of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is extensively used in industry. Ozone generators available on the market differ in ozone production capacities, electrode arrangements and working parameters, but operate with a uniformly distributed filamentary discharge plasma pattern. In the presented work the benefits of inhomogeneous feed gas processing are explored. Causality between power induction, production efficiency and working parameters are investigated. Different electrode arrangements, evenly distributed within a given space parameter, were designed, simulated, manufactured and tested on a representative scale. A finite element model was utilized to simulate an inhomogeneous power induction pattern along the ozone generator tube. The simulation yielded the local power density, the local gas temperature gradient and the relative DBD packing density. Results show that the degree of filamentation turns out to be decisive, indicating a new potential by means of plasma tailoring. An arrangement with a pronounced power induction at the inlet of the ozone generator revealed several advantages over homogeneous plasma processing arrangements, for which an increase in robustness and a reduction in electrical power consumption are achieved.