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1
Cantalejo, Blanca, Kevin T. Pickering, Ken G. Miller, and Conall Mac Niocaill. "Chasing the 400 kyr pacing of deep-marine sandy submarine fans: Middle Eocene Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): jgs2019–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In an attempt to understand the relative importance of climate and tectonics in modulating coarse-grained sediment flux to a tectonically active basin during what many researchers believe to be a greenhouse period, we have studied the Middle Eocene deep-marine Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. We use orbital tuning of many spectral gamma-ray-logged fine-grained siliciclastic sections, already shown to contain Milankovitch frequencies, in conjunction with a new high-resolution palaeomagnetic study through the basin sediments, to identify polarity reversals in the basin as anchor points to allow the conversion of a depth-stratigraphy to a chronostratigraphy. We use these data, in conjunction with a new age model incorporating new biostratigraphic data, to pace the development of the deep-marine sandy submarine fans over c. 8 million years. Timing for the sandy submarine fans shows that, unlike for the fine-grained interfan sediments, coarse-grained delivery to the basin was more complex. Approximately 72% of the sandy fans are potentially coincident with the long-eccentricity (400 kyr) minima and, therefore, potentially recording changing climate. The stratigraphic position of some sandy fans is at variance with this, specifically those that likely coincide with a period of known increased tectonic activity within the Aínsa Basin, which we propose represents the time when the basin was converted into a thrust-top basin (Gavarnie thrust sheet), presumably associated with rapid uplift and redeposition of coarse clastics into deep-marine environments. We also identify sub-Milankovitch climate signals such as the c. 41.5 Ma Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum. This study demonstrates the complex nature of drivers on deep-marine sandy fans in a tectonically active basin over c. 8 Myr. Findings of this study suggest that, even during greenhouse periods, sandy submarine fans are more likely linked with times of eccentricity minima and climate change, broadly consistent with the concept of lowstand fans. However, hysteresis effects in orogenic processes of mountain uplift, erosion and delivery of coarse siliciclastics via fluvial systems to coastal (deltaic) and shallow-marine environments likely contributed to the complex signals that we recognize, including the 2–3 Myr time gap between the onset of deep-marine fine-grained sediments in the early development of the Aínsa Basin and the arrival of the first sandy fans.Supplementary Materials: Filtered records for each of the analysed gamma-ray logged sections. Anchor points, SARs tables and graphs and alternative tuning sections are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5132975
2
BOULTON, G. S. "Push-moraines and glacier-contact fans in marine and terrestrial environments." Sedimentology 33, no. 5 (October 1986): 677–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb01969.x.
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Bryce, Monika, and Alison Sampey. "Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: soft corals and sea fans (Octocorallia)." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 84, no. 1 (2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.101-110.
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Qiu, Wenxian, Xianglong Jin, Clive Schofield, and Mingbi Li. "Preliminary considerations on the potential influence of submarine fans on marine delimitation." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 32, no. 12 (December 2013): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0391-4.
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5
McDougall, N., P. J. Brenchley, J. A. Rebelo, and M. Romano. "Fans and fan deltas – precursors to the Armorican Quartzite (Ordovician) in western Iberia." Geological Magazine 124, no. 4 (July 1987): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800016678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Armorican Quartzite (Lower Ordovician) is a very extensive sandstone body found throughout a large part of Iberia and Brittany; similar quartzites are present in north Africa and elsewhere. In Iberia it generally lies unconformably on a thick, folded, late Precambrian to Cambrian turbidite sequence (the Complexo Xisto-Grauváquico (CXG)), but there are some places where the quartzite has a conformable relationship with the underlying CXG. Where conformable the whole succession shows varied facies sequences including: (i) a regressive mud–sand sequence as a precursor to the main quartzite development, (ii) submarine fan sediments of the CXG passing up into slope and then shallow marine facies, or (iii) fluvially influenced breccio-conglomerates of a marginal fan delta passing up into shallow marine sediments.The inferred development of alluvial fans associated with fan deltas prograding into shallow marine environments implies steep slopes and the likelihood that faulting controlled some of the uplift. The mozaic pattern of differential uplift and subsidence throughout the region suggests that the CXG was affected by local block movements rather than by regional folding.The presence of upstanding blocks during the initial sedimentation of the Armorican Quartzite suggests that the quartz sand might have been derived from multiple sources dispersed throughout the area rather than from sources along a single shoreline at the margin of the depositional area.
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Wang, Jiahao, Xinong Xie, Xiong Pang, and Baojun Liu. "Storm-reworked shallow-marine fans in the Middle Triassic Baise area, South China." Sedimentary Geology 349 (March 2017): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.12.007.
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7
Hussain, Arif, and Khalid Al-Ramadan. "Organic Matter Burial in Deep-Sea Fans: A Depositional Process-Based Perspective." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic matter burial in the deep-sea fan sediments is an important component of the long-term carbon cycle. Although there is increasing recognition of the importance of organic matter in deep-sea sediments, a major focus has been on mudstones, commonly interpreted as the background sediments, deposited by pelagic or hemipelagic vertical suspension fallout in low-energy fan environments. Emerging evidence suggests that relatively coarse-grained sediment gravity flow deposits (e.g., turbidites and hybrid event beds) can also store a significant quantity of organic carbon, implying that a wide range of depositional processes can result in the concentration and enrichment of organic matter in submarine fans. However, the role of these processes on carbon burial is still not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the impact of three widely documented deep-sea depositional mechanisms/processes, namely vertical suspension settling, grain-by-grain (incremental aggradation), and the en-masse deposition on distribution, burial, and preservation of organic matter in deep-marine deposits. Organic matter accumulated from slowly settling suspension in mud caps (Te or H5 divisions of turbidites and hybrid beds, respectively) is prone to higher oxidation compared to the carbon buried in sandy components of turbidity currents (Ta-Tc units) and hybrid beds (H2/H3 divisions). The burial of organic matter in sandy parts of the deposits has important implications for understanding the fundamental physical processes that control carbon accumulation and preservation in deep-marine rock record.
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Khramtsova, Alena V., Sergey I. Pakhomov, Nikita Y. Natchuk, Мaria P. Kalashnikova, Sergey V. Romashkin, Artem D. Musikhin, and Nadezhda G. Semenova. "Facies models of the Achimov Formation of East-Urengoiskoe license as the basis for optimizing exploration and field development patterns." Georesursy 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2020.3.55-61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of sedimentological core analysis of the Achimov Formation (Upper Valanginian, Lower Cretaceous) confirm that it was formed by higher efficiency systems of submarine fans in (relatively) deep marine basin. Lithofacies models of Ach5-6 were generated, well correlation was performed based on the comprehensive analysis of core, well logging and seismic data. Distributary channels and proximal parts of depositional lobes are characterized by the best reservoir properties.
9
Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki, John Begg, Alexander Fülling, Daniel Moraetis, Panagiotis Partsinevelos, and Onno Oncken. "Distinct phases of eustatic and tectonic forcing for late Quaternary landscape evolution in southwest Crete, Greece." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2017): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-511-2017.
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Abstract. The extent to which climate, eustasy and tectonics interact to shape the late Quaternary landscape is poorly known. Alluvial fans often provide useful indexes that allow the decoding of information recorded on complex coastal landscapes, such as those of the eastern Mediterranean. In this paper we analyse and date (using infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating) a double alluvial fan system on southwest Crete, an island straddling the forearc of the Hellenic subduction margin, in order to constrain the timing and magnitude of its vertical deformation and discuss the factors contributing to its landscape evolution. The studied alluvial system is exceptional because each of its two juxtaposed fans records individual phases of alluvial and marine incision, thus providing unprecedented resolution in the formation and evolution of its landscape. Specifically, our analysis shows that the fan sequence at Domata developed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 due to five distinct stages of marine transgressions and regressions and associated river incision, in response to sea-level fluctuations and tectonic uplift at averaged rates of ∼ 2.2 mm yr−1. Interestingly, comparison of our results with published tectonic uplift rates from western Crete shows that uplift during 20–50 kyr BP was minimal (or even negative). Thus, most of the uplift recorded at Domata must have occurred in the last 20 kyr. This implies that eustasy and tectonism impacted the landscape at Domata over mainly distinct time intervals (e.g. sequentially and not synchronously), with eustasy forming and tectonism preserving the coastal landforms.
10
Ferguson, Mark E., John WF Waldron, and Wouter Bleeker. "The Archean deep-marine environment: turbidite architecture of the Burwash Formation, Slave Province, Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 935–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Slave Province is an Archean craton that contains an unusually large proportion of preserved sedimentary rock, including thick turbidite successions. The Burwash Formation is exposed in the southern Slave Province between the Anton and Sleepy Dragon basement massifs. At the base of the succession, volcanics and clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Raquette Lake Formation record initiation of the basin in a rifted arc environment. These are overlain by thin black slates representing a transgression, followed by well over 5 km of Burwash Formation metamorphosed turbiditic sandstones and slates interspersed with thin felsic tuff layers. Lateral correlation within the formation is possible using airphotos and recognizable tuff units. Burwash Formation sandstones include thinly bedded units displaying Bouma sequences and thicker bedded units with scour-and-fill structures and stratification bands, characteristic of dense sediment gravity flows. The sedimentary rocks are organized in architectural elements that include channel-fill sandstones and conglomerates, muddy levees, interchannel sandstones resembling high-amplitude reflection packages (HARPs) described from modern fans, and possible depositional lobes. The overall sedimentary architecture was probably controlled by events in the tectonically active source area or areas. The Archean turbidites resemble their Phanerozoic and modern analogues, although they show less voluminous levees, and are generally less organized, than large modern passive-margin fans, which probably have no equivalents in the Archean.
11
Olszak, Janusz, Józef Kukulak, and Helena Alexanderson. "Climate control on alluvial sediment storage in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains since the late Pleistocene." Quaternary Research 91, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNumerical dating and geomorphic studies on alluvial sediment were undertaken in the uppermost reaches of the Dunajec River catchment in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains of Poland. Successions of alluvial deposits in river terraces and alluvial fans are common in this region. In particular, alluvial fans deposited a thick succession of sediment in the intramontane Orawa–Nowy Targ Depression, and terraces are preserved as two cut-and-fill and six strath terraces along the uplifting sections of river courses. We identify several alluviation phases within the alluvial successions that occurred since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6. These sediments show that deposition largely occurred under temperate-climate conditions. This is in spite of a potential strong impact from headwater glaciers under cold-climate conditions. Glacially produced sediments were largely stored within frontal moraines and proglacial floodplains. These glaciogenic sediments were eroded and resedimented during glacier retreat. We therefore conclude that “warm” alluviation is the dominant process forming alluvial successions in this region.
12
Fish, Frank E., Paul W. Weber, Mark M. Murray, and Laurens E. Howle. "Marine Applications of the Biomimetic Humpback Whale Flipper." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe biomimetic approach seeks technological advancement through a transfer of technology from natural technologies to engineered systems. The morphology of the wing-like flipper of the humpback whale has potential for marine applications. As opposed to the straight leading edge of conventional hydrofoils, the humpback whale flipper has a number of sinusoid-like rounded bumps, called tubercles, which are arranged periodically along the leading edge. The presence of the tubercles modifies the water flow over the wing-like surface, creating regions of vortex generation between the tubercles. These vortices interact with the flow over the tubercle and accelerate that flow, helping to maintain a partially attached boundary layer. This hydrodynamic effect can delay stall to higher angles of attack, increases lift, and reduces drag compared to the post-stall condition of conventional wings. As the humpback whale functions in the marine environment in a Reynolds regime similar to some engineered marine systems, the use of tubercles has the potential to enhance the performance of wing-like structures. Specific applications of the tubercles for marine technology include sailboat masts, fans, propellers, turbines, and control surfaces, such as rudders, dive planes, stabilizers, spoilers, and keels.
13
Völkel, Jörg, Jörg Grunert, Matthias Leopold, Kerstin Hürkamp, Juliane Huber, and Andrew Murray. "Eolian and fluvial sedimentation in the southwestern Sinai Mountains, Egypt: a record of flash floods during the late Pleistocene." Hydrology Research 44, no. 2 (December 5, 2012): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wadis emerging from the southwestern Sinai Mountains (Egypt) westwards to the Gulf of Suez are filled by >40 m thick late Pleistocene sediments, which have been subsequently incised to bedrock after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sedimentation and erosion resulted from changes in the basin's hydrological conditions caused by climate variations. Sediment characteristics indicate distinct processes ranging from high to low energy flow regimes. Airborne material is important as a sediment source. The fills are associated with alluvial fans at wadi mouths at the mountain fronts. Each alluvial fan is associated and physically correlated with the respective sediment fill in its contributing wadi. The alluvial fans have steep gradients and are only a few kilometers long or wide. The alluvial fans converge as they emerge from the adjacent valleys. According to optically stimulated luminescence dating, the initial sediment has an age of ∼45 ka and the sedimentation ends ∼19 ka, i.e., happened mainly during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and early MIS 2 formation and initial incision sometime during LGM. As the delivery of sediments in such a hyper-arid environment is by extreme floods, this study indicates an interval of intense fluvial activity, probably related to increased frequency of extreme floods in Southern Sinai. This potentially indicates a paleoclimatic change in this hyper-arid environment.
14
Huang, Yintao, Guangqing Yao, and Xiaoyi Fan. "Sedimentary characteristics of shallow-marine fans of the Huangliu Formation in the Yinggehai Basin, China." Marine and Petroleum Geology 110 (December 2019): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.07.039.
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Bayliss, Nicole J., and Kevin T. Pickering. "Deep-marine structurally confined channelised sandy fans: Middle Eocene Morillo System, Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees." Earth-Science Reviews 144 (May 2015): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.014.
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González-Bonorino, Gustavo. "Early development and flysch sedimentation in Ordovician Taconic foreland basin, west-central Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the Early to Late Ordovician the Taconic foredeep in west-central Newfoundland evolved from an underfilled to an overfilled state in response to cratonward advance, thickening, and erosion of the Taconic Orogen. Early orogen-derived sediment in the foreland basin consisted of middle(?) to lake Arenigian deep-water mudstones that accumulated on an inner (craton-facing) slope prism (uppermost parts of Shallow Bay and Green Point formations and correlative units). These deposits are interbedded with and overlie passive-margin slope sediments. In the middle Arenigian to early Llanvirnian, sand from the orogen formed several small, sand-rich submarine fans (Lower Head Formation and correlative units) on the lower reaches of the inner slope and basin plain. The fans may have been fed by closely spaced rivers draining the orogen, as presently occurs in western South America. Only proximal portions of these fans are now exposed. The flysch basin was narrow, constricted by the inner slope and the passive-margin slope, and located a short distance seaward from the buried hingeline of the proto-North American craton. As the orogen thickened sufficiently to override the crustal ramp, the carbonate shelf on the craton drowned, clastic depocentres migrated onto the foundered craton, and a thicker flysch (Mainland Sandstone) accumulated in Llanvirnian-Llandeilian time. In the Caradocian the foreland basin was overfilled with shallow-marine terrigenous sediments (Long Point Formation). Regional flysch dispersal was from a St. Lawrence promontory to a Quebec reentrant.
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Scinto, Alice, Giorgio Bavestrello, Massimo Boyer, Monica Previati, and Carlo Cerrano. "Gorgonian mortality related to a massive attack by caprellids in the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 4 (June 25, 2008): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540800129x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A massive attack of caprellids is reported here, that is related to a local mortality event of gorgonians in North Sulawesi. Three species of sea fans were affected by the presence of Metaprotella sandalensis, a caprellid widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific. The degree of damage here documented was in relation to the skeletal features of the gorgonian species. The amphipod gut contents were analysed, highlighting an unusual trophic source for caprellids and a new predator for gorgonians. This phenomenon is discussed also evidencing parallels between colonial marine invertebrates and their predators and terrestrial plant–herbivore interactions.
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Hur, Nam-Soo, Sung-Cheol Jang, and Kyung-Jun Lee. "Development of Gear-Type Vane Dampers to Replace Link-Type Vane Dampers in Marine FD Fans." Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21289/ksic.2016.19.4.216.
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Ein-Gil, Neta, Micha Ilan, Shmuel Carmeli, Garriet W. Smith, Joseph R. Pawlik, and Oded Yarden. "Presence of Aspergillus sydowii, a pathogen of gorgonian sea fans in the marine sponge Spongia obscura." ISME Journal 3, no. 6 (March 12, 2009): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.18.
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Santoso, Agoes, Muhammad Badrus Zaman, and Andryan Herjanto. "Developing 11 x 20 Meter Hovercraft for Military Use." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Hovercraft is an advanced marine vehicle that always attractive military gear for supporting all terrain warfare such as fast landing vehicle, beach raid operation, territorial control, etc. Hovercraft capable of amphibious operation to bring troopers and logistics from landing ship to the certain mainland and even reach the city centre. By hovering in the above grounds with low pressure then the hovercraft operation may not activate minefield. Hovercraft also taken into considerations for Indonesian military. A long planning model of 11 x 20 meters class has been developed by applying gas turbine as an alternative main propulsion power for both lifting and thrusting fans. The low of weight/power ratio that offered by gas turbine can improve payload of the hovercraft by 45.85%. This paper also resumes several technical aspects when the hovercraft upgraded to be a fully military use. The results conclude that the additional payload is a significant feature to improve protective hull material, cargo capacity for military gears, weapons system, and logistics. Increasing speed is also possible because of the use of an adjustable blades design in the thruster fans.
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Christiansen, F. G., G. Dam, D. J. McIntyre, H. Nøhr-Hansen, G. L. Pedersen, and M. Sønderholm. "Renewed petroleum geological studies onshore West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 155 (January 1, 1992): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v155.8177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a consequence of renewed interest in petroleum exploration in West Greenland (e.g. Pulvertaft, 1991: Christiansen & Pulvertaft 1992; Gil & Gas Journal, 1991; Chalmers & Pulvertaft, in press) the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) has begun a new series of petroleum geological investigations of the Upper Cretaceous – Lower Tertiary sediments exposed on Disko. Nugssuoq and Svartenhuk Halvø (69°–72°N) (Fig. 1). These sediments include the only marine sediments of this age exposed in the entire Labrador Sea–Baffin Bay region. and studies of these are essential for a detailed interpretation of the offshore geology (Chalmers, 1990, 1991; Ottesen, 1991a, b). Field work on the marine succession has been concentrated on three main tasks: detailed sedimentological studies; sampling for palynological and organic geochemical studies; and mapping and structural analysis, in order to gain a detailed knowledge of both early basin development in West Greenland the three-dimensional architecture of deltas and submarine fans. The petroleum geological studies are being coordinated with ongoing studies of age-equivalent non-marine strata being carried out by the University of Copenhagen, and with several other externally finance projects.
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Tsanakas, K., K. Gaki-Papanastassiou, S. E. Poulos, and H. Maroukian. "GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PROCESSES ALONG THE COASTAL ZONE BETWEEN LIVANATES AND AGIOS KONSTANTINOS (N. EVOIKOS GULF, CENTRAL GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11201.
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This study deals with aspects of geomorphology and nearshore marine processes in the coastal zone located between Livanates and Agios Konstantinos (North Evoikos Gulf, central Greece). Evoikos Gulf is a tectonic graben bounded by WNW-ESE trending normal faults; it can be further characterized as semi-closed marine basin with water depths exceeding 400m.The Coastal geomorphology is affected by active tectonics with the most prominent morphological features being the uplifted marine terraces and the well-developed deltaic fan of Xerias torrent. In the present investigation, detailed geomorphological mapping at a scale of 1:5000 was performed together with granulometric analysis, while nearshore wave and current activity related to sediment dynamics has been determined on the basis of wind-generated wave regime. The examined coastal zone consists of a series of alluvial cones and fans, Xerias fan being the largest among them, low cliffs, a cuspate foreland and beach zones of limited length, often hosting beachrock formations. The formation and evolution of the study area seems to be controlled by the limited terrestrial influxes, the relatively weak wave regime due to limited wave fetches distances, and the associated longshore currents that induces limited sediment transport.
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Sweet, Michael L., Gwladys T. Gaillot, Gwenael Jouet, Tammy M. Rittenour, Samuel Toucanne, Tania Marsset, and Michael D. Blum. "Sediment routing from shelf to basin floor in the Quaternary Golo System of Eastern Corsica, France, western Mediterranean Sea." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 29, 2019): 1217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35181.1.
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Abstract How and when sediment moves from shallow marine to deep-water environments is an important and poorly understood control on basin-scale sediment dispersal patterns, the evolution of continental margins, and hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water basins. The Golo River (Eastern Corsica, France), its delta, canyons, and fans provide a unique opportunity to study sediment routing from source to sink in a relatively compact depositional system. We studied this system using an array of high-frequency seismic data, multi-beam bathymetry, and five cores for lithology and age control. Movement of sediment to deep water was controlled by interactions between the Golo River, the Golo Delta, and shelf-penetrating submarine canyons. Sediment moved to deep water when lobes of the Golo Delta prograded to the heads of these canyons, or when the Golo River itself flowed directly into one of them. Sand accumulated in canyons, deep-water channels, and submarine fans during glacial periods of low sea level, while mud was deposited throughout the slope, in the relatively short reach of leveed-confined channels, and in the mud-rich fringes around the sandy fans. During interglacial periods of high sea level, the basin was blanketed by mud-rich deposits up to 10 m thick interbedded with distinctive carbonate-rich sediments. Deposition rates in the basin ranged from 0.07 m/ka to 0.59 m/ka over the last 450 ka. Mud deposition rates remained relatively constant at ∼0.16 m/ka during all time periods, while sand deposition only happened during glacial periods of low sea level with an average rate of 0.24 m/ka. In addition to sea-level controls on sediment delivery, avulsions of the Golo River and its deltaic lobes preferentially routed sediment down either the North or South Golo canyons. Thus, while the larger, sequence-scale architecture of the basin is controlled by allogenic sea level forcing, millennial-scale autogenic processes operating on the shelf and in deep water shaped the distribution of sand and mud, and the internal geometry of the deltas and submarine fans that they fed. While some aspects of the Golo system are characteristic of steep, tectonically active margins, others such as the nature of connections between rivers and shelf-penetrating submarine canyons are observed in most margins with active submarine fans regardless of their tectonic setting.
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Rohais, Sébastien, Sébastien Joannin, Jean-Paul Colin, Jean-Pierre Suc, François Guillocheau, and Rémi Eschard. "Age and environmental evolution of the syn-rift fill of the southern coast of the gulf of Corinth (Akrata-Derveni region, Greece)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 178, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.3.231.
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Abstract The southern coast of the gulf of Corinth exhibits syn-rift deposits, giving insights into the first stages of continental extension as well as the geodynamic evolution of the surrounding Aegean region. The stratigraphy (relative position, 3D geometry, dating) of these deposits is still subject to controversies. The syn-rift evolution of the central part of the southern coast of the Corinth rift is revisited, based on new sedimentological and paleontological data. While ostracods analysis provides precise information about the paleoenvironments, recent advances in palynology supply a more accurate chronology. For the first time, we document marine evidences and Pleistocene evidences below the well-known giant Gilbert-type fan deltas of the Corinth rift. The syn-rift fill records a three-phase history: (1) the Lower Group corresponds to continental to lacustrine environments passing up progressively to brackish environments with occasionally marine incursions from before 1.8 Ma to some time after 1.5 Ma, (2) the Middle Group corresponds to giant alluvial fans and to Gilbert-type fan deltas prograding in an alternating marine and lacustrine environment from around 1.5 Ma to some time after 0.7 Ma, and (3) the Upper Group corresponds to slope deposits, Gilbert-type fan deltas and marine terraces indicating the emergence of syn-rift sediments along the southern coast from at least 0.4 Ma to the present day, with alternating marine and lacustrine deposition controlled by the position of the Mediterranean sea level relative to the Rion Strait sill.
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Jamil, Muhammad, Numair Ahmed Siddiqui, Abdul Hadi Bin Abd Rahman, Noor Azahar Ibrahim, Mohd Suhaili Bin Ismail, Nisar Ahmed, Muhammad Usman, Zain Gul, and Qazi Sohail Imran. "Facies Heterogeneity and Lobe Facies Multiscale Analysis of Deep-Marine Sand-Shale Complexity in the West Crocker Formation of Sabah Basin, NW Borneo." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deepwater lobes constitute a significant volume of submarine fans and are primarily believed to exhibit a simple sheet geometry. However, recent studies interpret the geometries of these deep-marine lobes as distinct with respect to the complexity of the facies and their distribution. Hence, a conceptual model of deep-marine sediments is essential to discuss the deep-marine sediments associated with the fan and lobe architecture. The present study highlights the facies heterogeneity and distribution of various lobe elements at a multiscale level by considering a case study of the West Crocker Formation of Sabah in northwest Borneo. The formation was logged on a bed-to-bed scale from recently well-exposed sections, with a total vertical thickness of more than 300 m. The lithological characteristics, bed geometry, sedimentary textures and structures of individual beds were used to categorize the rock units into nine sedimentary lithofacies: five sandstone lithofacies (S1–S5), one hybrid bed facies (H), two siltstone facies (Si1 and Si2) and one shale or mudstone facies (M). These facies were grouped into four facies associations (FA1–FA4), which were interpreted as lobe axis (FA1), lobe off-axis (FA2), lobe fringe (FA3) and distal fringe to interlobe (FA4) facies associations. This study is applicable for the distribution of lobes and their subseismic, multiscale complexities to characterize the potential of hydrocarbon intervals in deep-marine sand-shale system around the globe.
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Mitchell, W. I., and B. Owens. "The geology of the western part of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland: evolution of Carboniferous basins." Geological Magazine 127, no. 5 (September 1990): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800015168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe western part of the Fintona Block is divided into four fault-bounded segments that contain red-bed sediments formerly assigned to the Lower Old Red Sandstone.Dating by miospores indicates the presence of deposits of early Devonian age in the Irvinestown Segment, late Viséan–early Silesian age in the Tempo–Lisbellaw Segment, and late Viséan–early Silesian and late Silesian ages in the Milltown Segment. Northward migration of the early Carboniferous marine transgression in the northern part of Ireland coincided with the sequential propagation of back-stepping faults and resulted in the development of diachronous facies belts between late Courceyan and Arundian times. Tectonic uplift, of a possible southwesterly extension of the Tyrone Igneous Complex, gave rise to the deposition of Asbian to Pendleian red-beds to the south of a massif. An interface between these red-beds and contemporaneous marine sediments farther to the south is recognized and dated. A new non-marine basin, containing Brigantian and Pendleian red-beds, also developed to the north of the massif A waterlogged floodplain that developed during Westphalian A times may be coeval with more widespread coal-bearing sequences elsewhere in Ireland. Alluvial fans prograded southwards over this plain during Westphalian B times when faults bordering a northern landmass were reactivated.
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Schwartz, Theresa M., Marieke Dechesne, and Kristine L. Zellman. "Evidence for variable precipitation and discharge from Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene fluvial deposits of the Raton Basin, Colorado–New Mexico, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 571–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The Raton Basin of Colorado–New Mexico, USA, is the southeasternmost basin of the Laramide intraforeland province of North America. It hosts a thick succession (4.5 km or 15,000 ft) of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene marine and continental strata that were deposited in response to the final regression of the Western Interior Seaway and the onset of Laramide intraforeland deformation. The Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene Raton and Poison Canyon formations were previously described as meandering river and braided river deposits that represented distal and proximal members of rivers that drained the basin-bounding Sangre de Cristo–Culebra uplift. We present new observations of fluvial-channel architecture that show that both formations contain the deposits of sinuous fluvial channels. However, fluvial channels of the Raton Formation formed in ever-wet environments and were affected by steady discharge, whereas channels of the overlying Poison Canyon Formation formed in drier environments and were affected by variable discharge. The apparent transition in fluvial discharge characteristics was coeval with the progradation of fluvial fans across the Raton Basin during the Paleocene, emanating from the ancestral Sangre de Cristo–Culebra uplift. The construction of fluvial fans, coupled with the sedimentary features observed within, highlights the dual control of Laramide deformation and early Cenozoic climatic patterns on the sedimentary evolution of the Raton Basin.
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Bell, C. M., and M. Suarez. "The depositional environments and tectonic development of a Mesozoic intra-arc basin, Atacama Region, Chile." Geological Magazine 130, no. 4 (July 1993): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800020501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA thick succession of continental redbeds was deposited in a 50 km wide intra-arc basin on the Andean active continental margin in the Atacama region of northern Chile during early Cretaceous times. Upper Jurassic to early Cretaceous marine limestones were buried by the seaward progradation of a succession of coastal dunes, saline lakes and sandflats. Aeolian dune fields migrating towards the east across these coastal plains became stabilized by the growth of vegetation. Interdune alluvial areas between the sand dunes and dune fields developed into extensive alluvial braid plains which were in turn superimposed by alluvial fans. These fans were inundated by a regionally extensive saline lake produced by tectonic or volcanic damming of the sedimentary basin. This lake dried up leaving a large area of playa-lake mudflats. The climate was warm and semi-arid with a low and seasonal rainfall. Parts of the area supported a substantial vegetation of woody plants, together with a vertebrate fauna of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and crocodiles. The continental redbeds were derived from a volcanic source and were deposited on continental crust in a deep but narrow, north-south elongated, fault-bounded graben. This extensional basin formed in an intra-arc setting within an active andesitic volcanic chain. Upwards-coarsening sedimentary successions were the product of uplift of the fault-bounded margins of the basin.
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Gorn, Elliott J. "The Manassa Mauler and the Fighting Marine: An Interpretation of the Dempsey–Tunney Fights." Journal of American Studies 19, no. 1 (April 1985): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580002003x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I often have heard boxing fans remark that the prize ring reveals life the way it really is. The elemental combat between two individuals, the primal physical struggle, the quest for glory and fear of humiliation, all contribute to the belief that men in the ring are in touch with life's underlying realities. Significantly, depicting “life the way it really is” is precisely the role anthropologist Clifford Geertz ascribes to religious worldviews. Religions, Geertz tells us, do not just buttress social systems or justify conditions as men and women find them. They also explain the way the world works, cut behind surface appearances, and offer visions of underlying order which give meaning to daily life. Through drama and ritual, religion depicts the “really real” with idealized clarity. Religious symbols unmask the way the universe is in sheer actuality and demonstrate the moving forces behind mundane affairs. The truism that America's popular religion is sports takes on new significance in light of Geertz' observation. And in the pantheon of the 1920s, no gods shone more brightly than the heroes of the ring.
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Kidwell, Susan M. "Internal anatomy and skeletal taphonomy of marine sequences: variation with subsidence." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skeletal concentrations are common foci for paleontologic collecting, yet vary widely in their expected levels of taphonomic bias, particularly temporal resolution and biological fidelity. Basic concentration types include: (1) simple event-concentrations composed of anything from autochthonous-census, entirely exotic, or entirely remanié assemblages (e.g., shelly tempestites, shell-lined burrows); (2) composite concentrations of many stacked to complexly amalgamated events, accumulated in normal to expanded thickness (e.g., bioherms, shell banks & fans); (3) stratigraphically condensed hiatal concentrations having an even greater minimum degree of assemblage-level taphonomic bias (e.g., transgressive shelly sands, sediment-starved bone beds); and (4) lag-concentrations formed by erosion/corrosion of significant section and composed typically of highly culled and time-disordered skeletal material. Detailed field study of three temperate to subtropical basins in North America and reconnaissance of other basins at similar and lower paleolatitudes indicate that these four concentration types are distributed systematically within unconformity-bounded sequences and, moreover, that marine sequences vary qualitatively both in their stratigraphic anatomy (e.g. Van Wagoner et al., 1990; Einsele & Bayer, 1991) and skeletal taphonomy as a function of long-term subsidence.I. Basins of moderate subsidence (total 10's cm/ka maintained over 1–10 ma) are characterized by “textbook” sequences composed of discrete upward-shallowing parasequences in transgressive and highstand/regressive marine phases. Taphonomically, sequences in these settings typically contain a variety of concentration types, and therefore require careful taphonomic differentiation. In the shale-rich Cretaceous Ostracode Zone (Alberta foreland basin; Banerjee & Kidwell, 1991), for example, composite shell beds mark the tops of parasequences near the basin margin, event-beds of granulated shell mark the bases of parasequences further offshore, and diagenetically complex, shell-poor hiatal limestones mark maximum flooding surfaces in the most distal areas.II. Basins of high subsidence (total 100's cm/ka maintained over ≥1ma) are typically characterized by expanded sequences with vague parasequences; sedimentary cyclicity is linked more clearly to local tectonism and autocyclic environments than to eustasy. Taphonomically, these records are dominated by comparatively straightforward event- and composite concentrations. In the Mio-Pliocene Salton Trough (Gulf of California rift basin), for example, oyster bioherms and shell-ridges cap upward-shallowing delta-front cycles, and coral-bearing bioclastites occur along the distal toes of coastal alluvial fans and are banked against inter-fan rocky shorelines. Hiatal concentrations are poorly developed, even along downlap surfaces, and laterally extensive lags are rare.III. Basins of low subsidence (total ≤ few cm/ka maintained over 1–10 ma) are characterized by stratigraphically telescoped sequences with poorly developed (and locally deepening-up) “parasequences”; transgressive surfaces largely coincide with sequence boundaries. Hiatal and lag concentrations are relatively common and close-spaced stratigraphically; these may be taxonomically diverse even in temperate latitudes owing to environmental condensation, and in all instances are taphonomically complex. In the Miocene Chesapeake Group (outcropping U.S. Altantic passive margin), 4 transgressive hiatal shell concentrations lie within 40 m of section; each contains up to ~100 species and rests directly on a 3rd-order sequence boundary. A starved hiatal bone bed with high microplankton diversity marks the major 2nd-order downlap surface; lags of comminuted bones, teeth, and mollusk steinkerns mantle shallow-water unconformities near lap-out.
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Balicki, Włodzimierz, Paweł Głowacki, Stefan Szczeciński, Zbigniew Korczewski, Adam Kozakiewicz, and Jerzy Szczeciński. "Balancing Energy Processes in Turbine Engines." Polish Maritime Research 21, no. 4 (January 31, 2015): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article discusses the issue of balancing energy processes in turbine engines in operation in aeronautic and marine propulsion systems with the aim to analyse and evaluate basic operating parameters. The first part presents the problem of enormous amounts of energy needed for driving fans and compressors of the largest contemporary turbofan engines commonly used in long-distance aviation. The amounts of the transmitted power and the effect of flow parameters and constructional properties of the engines on their performance and real efficiency are evaluated. The second part of the article, devoted to marine applications of turbine engines, presents the energy balance of the kinetic system of torque transmission from main engine turbines to screw propellers in the combined system of COGAG type. The physical model of energy conversion processes executed in this system is presented, along with the physical model of gasodynamic processes taking place in a separate driving turbine of a reversing engine. These models have made the basis for formulating balance equations, which then were used for analysing static and dynamic properties of the analysed type of propulsion, in particular in the aspect of mechanical loss evaluation in its kinematic system.
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Skourtsos, E., R. Pope, and M. V. Triantaphyllou. "TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION AND RATES OF TECTONIC UPLIFT OF THE SFAKIA COASTAL ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN CRETE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sfakia lies within a narrow coastal zone at the southwestern foothills of the Lefka Ori Mt. Here a segment of the South Cretan margin is preserved onshore, a structure that represents a neotectonic structure with continuous activity since the Upper Miocene. This segment is characterized by a steep, E-W striking and south facing morphological escarpment that constitutes numerous E-W and ESE-WNW striking normal faults. Since the Late Miocene, marine sequences of Tortonian, Early Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene age were deposited along the coastal zone. Since the Middle Pleistocene multiple, coalescent alluvial fans covered both the alpine basement and the marine sediments. Fault-kinematic- and stratigraphie data combined with recently published palaeobathymetry reconstructions allow us to make relable estimates of both the uplift rates of fault blocks in the study area and the period that the faults that demarcate them were active. The results show that the study area is experiencing uplift already since the Middle Pliocene and that the uplift rates of the mountainous parts are higher than those of the coastal zone. The general uplift of the coastal zone seems to be controlled by offshore normal faults, south of Sfakia
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Safaei, Mohammad, Asadollah Mahboubi, Soroush Modabberi, and Reza Moussavi-Harami. "Palaeoenvironment, sequence stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Mehdi Abad, Yazd Block, Central Iran." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 295, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 61–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four Lower Cretaceous sections in the southern Yazd Block were measured and studied to interpret the palaeoenvironments, synsedimentary tectonics, and sequence stratigraphy. The Early Cretaceous sedimentary record of this block, consisting of the Sangestan, Taft, Abkuh, and Darreh Zanjir formations, was mainly influenced by synsedimentary tectonic activities in a tectonically unstable basin. Field observations and laboratory studies were used to identify lithofacies and microfacies, based on which six depositional environments were identified: upper coastal plain (alluvial fans), shore, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal, and open marine. A carbonate-siliciclastic shallow platform including an alluvial-coastal plain and an inner platform is suggested for the depositional environment of the Sangestan Formation. The depth of the overall shallow sedimentary basin of Sangestan Formation increases from west to east and deposition was controlled by long- term sea-level changes. A carbonate platform consisting of inner and outer parts, including tidal flat, lagoon, open marine belts, is suggested for the depositional environment of the Taft and Abkuh formations, while the Darreh Zanjir Formation accumulated in a deep basin. The predominant facies demonstrate an overall transgression-regression cycle (the 2rd order cycle) during the depositional time of these formations in the southern Yazd Block.
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Xiao, Ling, and Qin Lian Wei. "Depositional System of Submarine Fan of Well LW3-1-1, Zhujiang Formation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
LW3-1-1 located in Baiyun sag of Zhujiang River mouth basin is a potential area for oil and gas submarine Fan based on a detailed study of petrologic and paleontological assemblage characteristics. The fan have developed granular flow, sandy debris flow, low -density turbidity flow and other gravity currents along the slope. Sandy debris flow is the mainly sedimentary type of channel sand bodies of the deepwater fans, and there are also reverse grading, positive grading, parallel bedding and horizontal bedding. In addition, many liquefaction and fluidization structures and biological escape trace in graded bedding as well as abundant burrow pores and bioturbation in horizontal bedding are observed. Based on analysing sedimentary facies, the depositional model of sandy grain flow-debris flow of proximal of marine turbidity fan under the background of initial transgression is proposed for the Zhujiang Formation.
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Hoffman, Paul F., and Kelsey G. Lamothe. "Seawater-buffered diagenesis, destruction of carbon isotope excursions, and the composition of DIC in Neoproterozoic oceans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 38 (September 4, 2019): 18874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909570116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbonate sediments of nonglacial Cryogenian (659 to 649 Ma) and early Ediacaran (635 to 590 Ma) age exhibit large positive and negative δ13Ccarb excursions in a shallow-water marine platform in northern Namibia. The same excursions are recorded in fringing deep-sea fans and in carbonate platforms on other paleocontinents. However, coeval carbonates in the upper foreslope of the Namibian platform, and to a lesser extent in the outermost platform, have relatively uniform δ13Ccarb compositions compatible with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the modern ocean. We attribute the uniform values to fluid-buffered diagenesis that occurred where seawater invaded the sediment in response to geothermal porewater convection. This attribution, which is testable with paired Ca and Mg isotopes, implies that large δ13Ccarb excursions observed in Neoproterozoic platforms, while sedimentary in origin, do not reflect the composition of ancient open-ocean DIC.
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Huang, Yintao, Xianfeng Tan, Entao Liu, Jia Wang, and Jianpeng Wang. "Sedimentary processes of shallow-marine turbidite fans: An example from the Huangliu Formation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea." Marine and Petroleum Geology 132 (October 2021): 105191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105191.
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Pikesley, Stephen K., Brendan J. Godley, Holly Latham, Peter B. Richardson, Laura M. Robson, Jean-Luc Solandt, Colin Trundle, Chris Wood, and Matthew J. Witt. "Pink sea fans (Eunicella verrucosa) as indicators of the spatial efficacy of Marine Protected Areas in southwest UK coastal waters." Marine Policy 64 (February 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.10.010.
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Bamidele, Samuel Oretade. "Bio-electrosequence interpretation of late cretaceous sediments of the Southern Bornu Basin, Nigeria." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 19, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrated analysis that involves physical sedimentological, standard palynological and electrofacies analyses on ditch cuttings and suite of wireline logs from Gaibu–1 Well, southern Bornu were examined to identify critical sequence elements and construct a bio-sequence stratigraphical framework. Four (4) palynozones consisting of Triorites africaensis, Cretacaeiporites scabratus - Odontochitina costata, Droseridites senonicus and Syncolporites/Milfordia spp Assemblage Zones construed to be Late Cretaceous – younger successions. Nine (9) depositional sequences each with candidate maximum flooding surfaces (375, 900, 1875, 2250, 2600, 3050, 3400, 3800, 4300 m) marked by marker shales with high abundance and diversity of palynomorphs. Thus, equate with the local lithostratigraphy and global large-scale depositional cycles with candidate sequence boundaries (50, 725, 1625, 2175, 2490, 2850, 3300, 3610, 3960, 4470 m) ranging about 96.28 to 70.07 Ma. The delineated transgressive surfaces along the built sequences mark the subjected onset of marine flooding characterised with interchange of progradational to retrogradational facies. Delineated sequence elements generally show up-hole from progradational to retrogradational and aggradational that represents Lowstand Systems Tracts (LSTs), Transgressive Systems Tracts (TSTs) and Highstand Systems Tracts (HSTs) respectively. The LSTs are seen in form of prograding complex and slope fans, suggestive of good reservoirs. The TSTs consist of channel sand units and shales that depict retrogradational marine units, which could serve as both seals and source rocks for the sand units. The HSTs are made up of interplay of aggradational to progradational sediment packages that could serve as a potential source rock. The palaeoenvironmental indices depict the successions are deposited within continental to open marine settings.
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Anil Kumar A, Raja Sheker K, Naveen B, Abhilash G, and Akila CR. "Extraction and characterization of sea anemones compound and its Anti bacterial and hemolytic studies." International Journal of Review in Life Sciences 10, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrls.v10i4.1364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 - 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magnificaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapam coastal waters of Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The Nematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magnifica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.
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Dubar, Michel, and Edward J. Anthony. "Holocene Environmental Change and River-Mouth Sedimentation in the Baie des Anges, French Riviera." Quaternary Research 43, no. 3 (May 1995): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRiver mouths on the steep, high-relief coast of the French Riviera exhibit thick sequences of Holocene marine, estuarine, deltaic, and river channel-floodplain sediments that overlie basal fluvial Pleistocene gravel. Gravel is uncommon in most of the early to middle Holocene aggradational-progradational marine, estuarine, deltaic sediments, despite an ample supply from rock units in the steep adjoining uplands. River-mouth gravel is common only in late Holocene river channels and in barrier beaches perched on finer-grained nearshore sediments. Neither downslope grain-size fining on alluvial fans nor sediment stacking patterns during sea-level (base-level) rise readily account for the lack of early to middle Holocene gravel in the river-mouth sediment wedges. Holocene sea-level rise led to the storage of fine-grained sediments in shallow marine, estuarine, and deltaic environments in the present coastal zone. We infer that humid temperate conditions, a dense forest cover, landscape stabilization, and a regular quiescent river flow regime associated with the Atlantic climatic optimum limited gravel supply in the adjoining catchments and gravel entrainment downstream during the early Holocene. Sea-level stabilization in the middle and late Holocene coincided with a marked change in bioclimatic conditions toward the present Mediterranean-type regime, which is characterized by a less dense forest cover, soil erosion, and episodic catastrophic floods. The late Holocene was thus a time of downstream bedload channel aggradation, fine-grained floodplain and paludal sedimentation, and seaward flushing of clasts leading to the formation and consolidation of the gravel barrier beaches that bound the rivermouths and embayments.
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Bell, Trevor, David GE Liverman, Martin J. Batterson, and Kevin Sheppard. "Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy and chronology of southern St. George's Bay, Newfoundland: a re-appraisal." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Almost sixty years after the initial mapping of extensive Quaternary sediments along the coast of St. George's Bay, Newfoundland, a revised stratigraphic section is presented which identifies five main sediment types (diamicton, mud, sand, gravelly sand, gravel) and their stratigraphical position along 39 km of coastline from Highlands to Flat Bay. Most of the sediments overlying a basal till (St. George's River Drift) are interpreted to have been deposited in an ice-proximal to ice-distal glaciomarine environment by debris flow, underflow, current flow, or suspension settling, and capped by glaciofluvial outwash (Bay St. George Delta). For the most part, sections display a relatively simple deglacial sequence in a shallowing marine to fluvial environment. Where hummocky ridges intersect the coast, however, the sedimentary sequences are more complex and the variability in depositional style is typical of grounding line fans at a tidewater glacier margin. The occurrence of an upper diamicton or coarse gravels (Robinsons Head Drift) was generally observed only in grounding-line fan sequences and is interpreted here in the context of marginal fluctuations of a quasi-stable tidewater glacier, and not necessarily a climatically-induced readvance of a land-based ice margin (Robinsons Head readvance). Radiocarbon dates on marine shells from varied stratigraphic positions and sedimentary units suggest rapid deposition occurred in a glaciomarine environment between 14 and 13 ka BP.
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ROBERTSON, ALASTAIR H. F., GILLIAN A. McCAY, KEMAL TASLI, and AŞEGÜL YILDIZ. "Eocene development of the northerly active continental margin of the Southern Neotethys in the Kyrenia Range, north Cyprus." Geological Magazine 151, no. 4 (September 25, 2013): 692–731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe focus on an active continental margin related to northwards subduction during the Eocene in which sedimentary melange (‘olistostromes’) forms a key component. Maastrichtian – Early Eocene deep-marine carbonates and volcanic rocks pass gradationally upwards into a thick succession (<800 m) of gravity deposits, exposed in several thrust sheets. The lowest levels are mainly siliciclastic turbidites and debris-flow deposits. Interbedded marls contain Middle Eocene planktonic/benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils. Sandstones include abundant ophiolite-derived grains. The higher levels are chaotic debris-flow deposits that include exotic blocks of Late Palaeozoic – Mesozoic neritic limestone and dismembered ophiolite-related rocks. A thinner sequence (<200 m) in one area contains abundant redeposited Paleogene pelagic limestone and basalt. Chemical analysis of basaltic clasts shows that some are subduction influenced. Basaltic clasts from unconformably overlying alluvial conglomerates (Late Eocene – Oligocene) indicate derivation from a supra-subduction zone ophiolite, including boninites. Taking account of regional comparisons, the sedimentary melange is interpreted to have formed within a flexurally controlled foredeep, floored by continental crust. Gravity flows including large limestone blocks, multiple debris flows and turbidites were emplaced, followed by southwards thrust imbrication. The emplacement was possibly triggered by the final closure of an oceanic basin to the north (Alanya Ocean). Further convergence between the African and Eurasian plates was accommodated by northwards subduction beneath the Kyrenia active continental margin. Subduction zone rollback may have triggered collapse of the active continental margin. Non-marine to shallow-marine alluvial fans prograded southwards during Late Eocene – Oligocene time, marking the base of a renewed depositional cycle that lasted until latest Miocene time.
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Muttoni, Giovanni, Cesare Ravazzi, Marzia Breda, Roberta Pini, Carlo Laj, Catherine Kissel, Alain Mazaud, and Eduardo Garzanti. "Magnetostratigraphic dating of an intensification of glacial activity in the southern Italian Alps during Marine Isotope Stage 22." Quaternary Research 67, no. 1 (January 2007): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe applied magnetostratigraphy and mammal biostratigraphy to date climate-sensitive pollen cycles and lithostratigraphic units of the Pliocene–Pleistocene Leffe sedimentary succession from the Southern Alps, Italy. The Leffe section was correlated to additional sections (Casnigo, Fornaci di Ranica, and Pianengo) to construct a stratigraphic network along a common fluviatile system (the Serio River) sourced in the Southern Alps and flowing southward into the Po River Basin. We obtained a coherent scenario of climate variability for the last ∼ 2 Myr. At Leffe, lacustrine deposition commenced during the Olduvai Normal Subchron (1.94–1.78 Ma) and lasted up to a chronologic level compatible with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 22 (0.87 Ma). Pollen analysis revealed that climate varied cyclically from warm-temperate to cool during this time interval, but never as cold as during glacial intervals. At around MIS 22, climate cooled globally. Gravels, attributed to high-energy braided river systems fed locally by alluvial fans, prograded from the Serio River catchment area over the Leffe Basin and toward the Po Plain in response to a generalized event of vegetation withdrawal and enhanced physical erosion. At this time, Alpine valley glaciers reached their first maximum southward expansion with glacier fronts located at only ∼ 5 km upstream from Leffe.
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Zagórski, Piotr. "Shoreline dynamics of Calypsostranda (NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Svalbard) during the last century." Polish Polar Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 67–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-011-0004-x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shoreline dynamics of Calypsostranda (NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Svalbard) during the last century A 6 km long stretch of the coast of Calypsostranda between Skilvika and Joseph-bukta, situated on the western side of Recherchefjorden, was investigated. It is made of an accumulative marine terrace at a height of 2-8 m a.s.l. (terrace 1) and width of 40-180 m, divided by a cliffed section in the frontal moraines of Renardbreen. From the character and intensity of changes, the area was divided into 6 zones. The aim was to analyse the dynamics of changes within coastal zone from 1936 to 2007 and to characterise the influence of various morphogenetic factors (marine, fluvial, cryospheric). The important element of this study has been to determine sources and directions of sediment transport. The dynamics of changes of coastal zone in the Calypsostranda region was established from archival maps and precise GPS measurements for the periods: 1936-1960, 1960-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007. Comparing the extension of shoreline between 1936 and 2007 showed that there was more erosion than accumulation. Nearly 110 000 m2 of the area of terrace 1 decreased, whereas about 77 000 m2 appeared. The net balance for 1936-2007 was about -32 700 m2, on average over the whole length of the shoreline, it retreated by 5.7 m (0.08 m a-1). The cease of sediment delivery in the extramarginal sandur fans area of Renardbreen caused intensification of marine processes, that made the shoreline retreat by over 100 m. Continuing sediment delivery from the Scottelva catchment, with contribution of material from erosion of the north end of the shoreline studies, caused the aggradation of coastal zone by over 60 m near its mouth.
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Murillo, F. J., P. Durán Muñoz, A. Altuna, and A. Serrano. "Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 2 (June 17, 2010): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Murillo, F. J., Durán Muñoz, P., Altuna, A., and Serrano, A. 2011. Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 319–332. The distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland is described based on bycatch from Spanish/EU bottom trawl groundfish surveys between 40 and 1500 m depth. In all, 37 taxa of deep-water corals were identified in the study area: 21 alcyonaceans (including the gorgonians), 11 pennatulaceans, 2 solitary scleractinians, and 3 antipatharians. The greatest diversity of coral species was on the Flemish Cap. Corals were most abundant along the continental slope, between 600 and 1300 m depth. Soft corals (alcyonaceans), sea fans (gorgonians), and black corals (antipatharians) were most common on bedrock or gravel, whereas sea pens (pennatulaceans) and cup corals (solitary scleractinians) were found primarily on mud. The biomass of deep-water corals in the bycatches was highest in previously lightly trawled or untrawled areas, and generally low in the regularly fished grounds. The information derived from bottom-trawl bycatch records is not sufficient to map vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) accurately, but pending more detailed habitat mapping, it provides a valuable indication of the presence/absence of VMEs that can be used to propose the candidate areas for bottom fishery closures or other conservation measures.
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Kędzior, Artur, and Mihai E. Popa. "Sedimentology of the Early Jurassic terrestrial Steierdorf Formation in Anina, Colonia Cehă Quarry, South Carpathians, Romania." Acta Geologica Polonica 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2013-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Kędzior, A. and Popa, E.M. 2013. Sedimentology of the Early Jurassic terrestrial Steierdorf Formation in Anina, Colonia Cehă Quarry, South Carpathians, Romania. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (2), 175-199. Warszawa. The continental, coal bearing Steierdorf Formation, Hettangian - Sinemurian in age, is included in the Mesozoic cover of the Reşiţa Basin, Getic Nappe, South Carpathians, Romania. The Steierdorf Formation can be studied in Anina, a coal mining center and an exceptional locality for Early Jurassic flora and fauna, occurring in the middle of the Reşiţa Basin. This paper presents the results of sedimentological, stratigraphical and paleobotanical researches undertaken in Colonia Cehă open cast mine in Anina, where the Steierdorf Formation outcrops widely. Several sedimentary facies associations have been described, these associations permitting the reconstruction of various depositional systems such as alluvial fans, braided and meandering river systems, as well as lacustrine and coal generating marsh systems of the Steierdorf Formation. The sedimentary associations recorded within the Steierdorf Formation show a gradual fining upward trend, pointing to a rising marine water table and a decreasing relief within the source area.
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Martín-Martín, Manuel, Francesco Guerrera, and Mario Tramontana. "Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Cenozoic Basins in the Eastern External Betic Zone (SE Spain)." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four main unconformities (1–4) were recognized in the sedimentary record of the Cenozoic basins of the eastern External Betic Zone (SE, Spain). They are located at different stratigraphic levels, as follows: (1) Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even if this unconformity was also recorded at the early Paleocene (Murcia sector) and early Eocene (Alicante sector), (2) Eocene-Oligocene boundary, quite synchronous, in the whole considered area, (3) early Burdigalian, quite synchronous (recognized in the Murcia sector) and (4) Middle Tortonian (recognized in Murcia and Alicante sectors). These unconformities correspond to stratigraphic gaps of different temporal extensions and with different controls (tectonic or eustatic), which allowed recognizing minor sedimentary cycles in the Paleocene–Miocene time span. The Cenozoic marine sedimentation started over the oldest unconformity (i.e., the principal one), above the Mesozoic marine deposits. Paleocene-Eocene sedimentation shows numerous tectofacies (such as: turbidites, slumps, olistostromes, mega-olistostromes and pillow-beds) interpreted as related to an early, blind and deep-seated tectonic activity, acting in the more internal subdomains of the External Betic Zone as a result of the geodynamic processes related to the evolution of the westernmost branch of the Tethys. The second unconformity resulted from an Oligocene to Aquitanian sedimentary evolution in the Murcia Sector from marine realms to continental environments. This last time interval is characterized as the previous one by a gentle tectonic activity. On the other hand, the Miocene sedimentation was totally controlled by the development of superficial thrusts and/or strike-slip faults zones, both related to the regional geodynamic evolutionary framework linked to the Mediterranean opening. These strike-slip faults zones created subsidence areas (pull-apart basin-type) and affected the sedimentation lying above the third unconformity. By contrast, the subsidence areas were bounded by structural highs affected by thrusts and folds. After the third unconformity, the Burdigalian-Serravallian sedimentation occurred mainly in shallow- to deep-water marine environments (Tap Fm). During the Late Miocene, after the fourth unconformity, the activation of the strike-slip faults zones caused a shallow marine environment sedimentation in the Murcia sector and a continental (lacustrine and fluvial) deposition in the Alicante sector represented the latter, resulting in alluvial fan deposits. Furthermore, the location of these fans changed over time according to the activation of faults responsible for the tectonic rising of Triassic salt deposits, which fed the fan themselves.
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Παπανικολάου, Δ., Ε. Κ. Μπάση, Χ. Κράνης, and Γ. Δανάμος. "PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE ATHENS BASIN FROM UPPER MIOCENE TO PRESENT." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16822.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Athens basin represents a complex neotectonic asymmetric graben bounded by NNE-SSW marginal faults with much higher activity along the western side in Egaleo and Parnitha Mts than along the eastern side along Pendeli and Hymettos Mts. The activity started during Late Miocene as the presence of sedimentary sequences indicates, continental and lacustrine in the west and north and coastal marine in the southeast. An E-W fault zone divided the basin in a northern subsided part - where lakes were dominating throughout Late Miocene - Pliocene - and a southern part where lakes were occurring only during Late Miocene in the central - western part, whereas shallow marine environments dominated in the south and southeast during Late Miocene – Pliocene with the coastline being very close to the present day Acropolis and Philopapou hills. The central eastern area was in a high position with the Alpine bedrocks under erosion and constituted a barrier towards the south. This situation changed before the middle Pleistocene when Kifissos River was formed cutting through the hilly area and connected the northern drainage system with the south, which resulted in the saturation of the remnant lakes of the northern segment. At the same period very thick fans were formed at the foothills of the surrounding mountains, covering the previous neogene sediments and/or Alpine rocks. Ever since the paleogeography was similar to the present geography during the inter-glacial periods and substantially different with the coastline along the present isobath of-120m during the glacial periods, like the Wurm.
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Cui, Huan, Shuhai Xiao, Yaoping Cai, Sara Peek, Rebecca E. Plummer, and Alan J. Kaufman. "Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, South China." Geological Magazine 156, no. 11 (June 17, 2019): 1924–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation (c. 551.1–538.8 Ma) in South China is one of two successions where Ediacara-type macrofossils are preserved in carbonate facies along with skeletal fossils and bilaterian animal traces. Given the remarkable thickness of carbonate-bearing strata deposited in less than 12.3 million years, the Dengying Formation holds the potential for construction of a relatively continuous chemostratigraphic profile for the terminal Ediacaran Period. In this study, a detailed sedimentological and chemostratigraphic (δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb, δ13Corg, δ34Spyrite, and 87Sr/86Sr) investigation was conducted on the Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, Ningqiang County of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Sedimentological results reveal an overall shallow-marine depositional environment. Carbonate breccia, void-filling botryoidal precipitates and aragonite crystal fans are common in the Algal Dolomite Member of the Dengying Formation, suggesting that peritidal facies were repeatedly karstified. The timing of karstification was likely early, probably soon after the deposition of the dolomite sediments. The presence of authigenic aragonite cements suggests high alkalinity in the terminal Ediacaran ocean. Geochemical analysis of micro-drilled samples shows that distinct compositions are registered in different carbonate phases, which should be considered when constructing chemostratigraphic profiles representative of true temporal variations in seawater chemistry. Integrated chemostratigraphic data suggest enhanced burial of organic carbon and pyrite, and the occurrence of extensive marine anoxia (at least in the Gaojiashan Member). Rapid basinal subsidence and carbonate accumulation during a time of elevated seawater alkalinity and increased rates of pyrite burial may have facilitated the evolutionary innovation of early biomineralizing metazoans.
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Leat, Philip T., and Teal R. Riley. "Chapter 3.1a Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands: volcanology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-52.
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AbstractThe voluminous continental margin volcanic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the major tectonic features of West Antarctica. It extends from the Trinity Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands in the north to Alexander Island and Palmer Land in the south, a distance ofc.1300 km, and was related to east-directed subduction beneath the continental margin. Thicknesses of exposed volcanic rocks are up toc.1.5 km, and the terrain is highly dissected by erosion and heavily glacierized. The arc was active from Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous times until the Early Miocene, a period of climate cooling from subtropical to glacial. The migration of the volcanic axis was towards the trench over time along most of the length of the arc. Early volcanism was commonly submarine but most of the volcanism was subaerial. Basaltic–andesitic stratocones and large silicic composite volcanoes with calderas can be identified. Other rock associations include volcaniclastic fans, distal tuff accumulations, coastal wetlands and glacio-marine eruptions.Other groups of volcanic rocks of Jurassic age in Alexander Island comprise accreted oceanic basalts within an accretionary complex and volcanic rocks erupted within a rift basin along the continental margin that apparently predate subduction.