Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Marine Economic conception of Ukraine"

The purpose of marine economic activities is to obtain economic, social, scientific, political, military and other types of effect to ensure sustainable development of Ukraine. The article discusses the characteristic features of marine economic activities, substantiates the need to clarify the widely used concept of "marine activity", given in the "Marine Doctrine of Ukraine for the period up to 2035", offers a more correct interpretation of this concept. The necessity of coordinating the actions of the entities operating in the sea space and in the coastal zone, which carry out various types of marine economic activity, is proved, possible types of marine economic activity are given. It is proposed to use the National Classifier of Ukraine "Classification of Economic Activities Types" to create a classification scheme for types of marine economic activities. The advantages and disadvantages of its application are presented, as well as the possibility of forming on its basis a detailed classification of types marine economic activity. The necessity of integrated management of marine economic activity is substantiated in order to remove existing and prevent future contradictions, as well as to coordinate the actions of economic entities. It is shown that integrated management will fully ensure the rational use of the marine environment, its resources and sustainable development of seaside regions. Particular attention in the article is paid to the issues of ecologization of the marine economic complex on the basis of the inclusion an ecological factor in the financial-economic relations of marine economic activity and the stimulation of the rational use of marine resources. The priority tasks for the construction of an economic mechanism for marine nature-exploitation have been formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of the development the seaside regions of Ukraine, the national marine policy and types of marine activities. A system of tools is presented, which are the basis for the formation of an economic-ecological mechanism of marine nature-exploitation.

The article is aimed at distinguishing and analyzing the barriers to economic development of Ukraine, forming a theoretical basis for the implementation of a convergent development strategy in order to overcome them in both the short and the long term. The article analyzes the impact of barriers on the disproportionate development of regions, which, in turn, has negative consequences for the convergent development of regions. The author structured groups of barriers to economic development of the regions of Ukraine and provided their characterizations. The barriers are defined as those most easy to overcome and those overcoming which is difficult even in the long run. In the course of the research, the most important barriers as to the development of regions are distinguished, namely: arising from resource shortages; socio-political and cultural; related to planning; organizational and institutional; related to current management; related to monitoring and control. The author presents the conception of convergent economic development, directed, in particular, towards overcoming the extant barriers that slow down the development of regions. The relevance of a more detailed research of the development of regions of Ukraine within the framework of a single conception of convergence to unify the approach to overcoming the impact of barriers on the disproportionate development of regions is substantiated. It is proved that the conception of convergent development of regions is a holistic idea of the equilibrium development of regions, which includes a set of subjects and objects of regional development, a system of agreed goals and means of their achievement aimed at balancing and coordinating the development indicators and overcoming barriers. It is determined that the prerequisite for the effective implementation of the conception of convergent development of the regions of Ukraine is their adaptability – that is, the ability to respond to new requirements and opportunities arising from innovative upgrades of technology, innovations, modernization in management. The author also proves that there is a need to limit the scale of disparities in the economic development of regions by leveling the development barriers, which constitutes one of the main tasks of regional policy.

The state of the marine and coastal tourism development in Ukraine has been analysed. It has been substantiated that in Ukraine marine tourism has significant potential for the development. In this context, the paper objective is to identify the problems of marine and coastal tourism in Ukraine and to develop the directions of their solutions. In the paper, the social, economic, political, ecological and institutional problems of the marine and coastal tourism development have been defined. The justification of stimulants and restraints of the marine and coastal tourism development in Ukraine have been also considered. The authors of the article have developed and proposed a conceptual model of the marine and coastal tourism development in the context of the sustainable development strategy using the methodology of structural analysis and SADT design. The proposed model takes into account the specifics of the Ukrainian conditions.

The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate the conception of the cooperation in Eastern-Middle Europe which took into effect with the considerable participation of Poland, with the conception in question being referred to as “Three Seas Initiative”. The said Initiative aims at expanding the infrastructural, economic, energy-related as well as scientific and cultural cooperation among 12 states. The development of the abovementioned initiative seems to be vitally important for Ukraine as well as for the countries that are neighbors of the EU in terms of provisioning of their political and economic independence. Moreover, the strengthening of bilateral cooperation within the ranks of this initiative inevitably increases chances for the admission of Ukraine to the EU. The further cooperation “Three Seas Initiative” shall be considered the connecting link between the states and be regarded as a key direction for the political efforts of a respected governmental bodies of participating counties. Key words: Three Seas Initiative, energy sector, digital communication, Middle-Eastern Europe, geopolitics Poland.

The consolidation of economic security of the state, its protection against all external threats should become one of the main directions in the realization of budget expenses in short-term and in long-term prospects. According to this conception, budget expenses are to finance top-priority components of economic security.Some theoretical and methodological approaches concerning the analysis of the influence of budget instruments on parameters of economic security and socio-economic development of the country are suggested.For conducting this investigation, certain econometric models with the best functional forms have been selected and analysed. The most important instruments in budget policy such as state buying, expenses for fundamental investigations, expenses for economic development and expenses for social sphere have been considered under the condition of the Ukrainian economy. The influence of budget instruments on certain parameters that characterize the economic security of the state has been worked out in detail. As a result of the investigation, the main threats for the Ukrainian economic security have been formulated and the ways out have been proposed.The authors state that in the process of the investigation almost all budget instruments have a positive influence on the level of Ukrainian economic security, they stimulate economic development and increasing of social living standards of the population.

The article is aimed at defining the conceptual principles for the development of a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies (JSC) in Ukraine, which will contribute to increasing the level of capitalization and security of both listing companies and the stock market as a whole. The theoretical and methodological basis are fundamental provisions of both economic and institutional theory, security theory, system analysis using such general scientific methods of cognition of economic phenomena and processes as theoretical generalization, synthesis, induction, and deduction. The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of conceptual principles of the system of ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies in Ukraine. In order to research the implementation of the State’s approaches to ensuring the national financial security and the capital markets development, strategic documents in Ukraine were analyzed and an inconsistency between target indicators and formulations of strategic goals were determined. A complex of hypotheses is formed and proved, approaches and principles of the conception of forming a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies are substantiated, taking into account the peculiarities of the State regulation of the financial security sphere. The developed conception is based on a new scientific approach to searching ways to improve the financial security system of joint stock companies in Ukraine. It can be concluded that implementation of the proposed conceptual bases will allow the achievement of the expected results, strengthen the financial security of JSC, make them more resistant against system crises, and create a stable basis for their long-term development.

The article discusses the economic essence of smart specialization. The European experience of applying the conception of «smart specialization» in strategic management is studied. The main components of the conception of «start-specialization» are considered. The directions of influence of start-specialization on increase of innovative activity and competitiveness of the territory are examined. The major problems, the solution of which start-specialization is aimed at, are identified. The emphasis is placed on the fact that smart specialization sets out not as much stimulating innovations, as activating the long-term structural changes in the region’s economy and be aimed at identifying strengths and developing competitive advantages of regions based on the extant structure of the regional economy. The need to introduce the conception of smart specialization in the sphere of implementation of regional economic policy in Ukraine is substantiated. The main goals, principles, priorities and risks of implementation of regional start-oriented policy are researched. It is noted that the implementation of the start-oriented regional policy, as a model of structural changes, will expand the opportunities for denfining and directly supporting priority types of economic activity for certain regions, which will increase their competitive advantages and contribute to the structural diversification of the economy on an innovative basis. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the main barriers to the implementation of smart specialization, the directions of their leveling are proposed. Attention is accentuated on the need to apply an integrated approach to the development of the regions of Ukraine, which provides for the mutual coordination of various policies implemented by the State and regions (economic, structural, industrial, innovative, foreign economic, etc.) and stakeholder activities in this process. An integrated approach to modern regional policy will ensure strategic planning of socio-economic development of region. Implementation of start-specialization priorities will facilitate the growth of the share of high-tech types of economic activity within the structure of the regional economy. The main instrument for the implementation of this direction of reforms should be regional strategies, the effectiveness of which will ensure the transition from prioritization to the implementation of specific projects.

Topicality. Actuality of the problem of determining the boundaries of agency activity. Identification of the features of its activities. Creation of a favorable climate for the agency market in Ukraine, which will allow the country to occupy the appropriate place in the world transport market of labor distribution. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological and practical proposals for the market of maritime agency, which will allow to approve the status of the country as a naval state and increase the profitability of this entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine. Research results. The essence of the category of maritime agent as a representative and assistant of the shipowner acting on behalf and at the expense of the latter in accordance with the powers based on the law or agreement, in all cases of the shipowner of a commercial and administrative nature, which is related to the sea transportation of goods or of passengers And also the essence of clandestine commercial mediation and agency activities, taking into account existing legislative acts. Yes, there are signs of what this business is doing; the subject of agency activity is the provision of services; agency services are provided exclusively to business entities and exclusively in economic activities, and that services are provided through mediation carried out on behalf of, in the interest, under the control and at the expense of the entity represented. The examples of contact work of the marine agent are given. The article gives a classification of marine agents on various grounds. Separate types of agency companies that provide the appropriate level of completeness and quality of agency services that fall under their responsibilities. Conclusions. Thus, the existence of an entrepreneurial activity in the agency of seagoing vessels is a special, independent form of agency activity based on the exercise of representative functions for the performance of the duties of the shipowner in accordance with the customs of the port of departure of the ship, its maintenance there and protection of the interests of the shipowner in respect of any circumstances that arise in this regard, and in no case can be attributed to mediation.

Introduction. In modern conditions concept of sustainable development is the new strategic administrative approach to the functioning of subjects of agriculture. An economic constituent, which is based on the theory of maximal stream of total income, foresees the optimal use of the limited resources with the purpose of effective production of competitive agricultural goods. Purpose. The article aims to carry out the analysis of indexes of economic constituent of steady development of agriculture in different regions of Ukraine. The method (methodology). In the process of research we have used the following methods: method of comparison, method of analysis, method of theoretical and logical generalization. The dialectical method of research has become the methodological basis of the study. Results. The author has analysed the dynamics of production of gross goods of agriculture volumes in agricultural enterprises on the whole and in calculation on 100 hectares of agricultural lands. The ratings of increase and place of every administrative and territorial unit of Ukraine have been determined. The analytical estimation of level of profitability of production of agricultural goods has been carried out in enterprises. The indexes which characterize an investment climate in agriculture of Ukraine have been defined. The results of analysis of economic constituent at the lineation of prospects of development of domestic agricultural enterprises from position of conception of steady development will allow to form the effective instruments of their functioning.

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the main directions of the formation of a competitive marine infrastructure of Ukraine, the relevance of which is confirmed in the Strategy for the Development of Sea Ports of Ukraine for the period up to 2038 Marine Doctrine of Ukraine for the period up to 2035. Many scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists are devoted to the problems of increasing the competitiveness of marine infrastructure. However, it is worth noting the lack of domestic work on the problems of the development of maritime and river transport in the current economic conditions, which are characterized by the growth of globalization and integration processes. Тhe purpose of the article is to assess the position of Ukraine in the ranking of countries of the world in terms of the development of maritime transport and the definition of strategic measures for the formation of a competitive national maritime infrastructure. The author provides an overview of the state and forecast of the development of shipping in the world. The advantages of transporting goods by sea are formulated, which determine its competitiveness. The positions of Ukraine in the ranking of countries of the world in the number of ships of the marine merchant fleet and the length of waterways are determined. The characteristic of the largest world alliances in the container shipping market by sea is given. The article emphasizes the problem of the uncertain prospects for the development of shipping, which is due to a combination of geopolitical and economic risks, which is associated with trade policy, structural changes in the global economy, changes in the global energy balance, and the spread of digital technologies. Ukraine has significant potential to develop cargo and passenger transportation by river and sea. Among the former CIS countries, it ranks third in the ratings after Russia and Belarus. However, in order to improve the rating and competitiveness of our country in the international market for the provision of water transport services, a number of measures need to be taken in terms of improving safety, introducing innovative technologies, improving tariff policy, and reforming governance.

Малашевич, М. О. Підходи до розвитку морегосподарського комплексу України / М. О. Малашевич, Н. П. Тубальцева // Матеріали всеукр. наук. екон. читань з міжнар. участю «Трансформація економічних процесів у морегосподарському комплексі України», 17–18 груд. 2019 р. – Миколаїв : Вид. Торубара В. В., 2019. – С. 14–16.
Розглянуто проблеми формування концепції морегосподарського комплексу (МГК) України, принципи її формування та підходи до розвитку морегосподарського комплексу України.
The problems of formation of the concept of the marine economic complex of Ukraine, the principles of its formation and approaches to the development of the marine economic complex of Ukraine are considered.

Трунін, К. С. Концептуальні засади реформування морегосподарського комплексу України / К. С. Трунін, Н. П. Тубальцева // Матеріали всеукр. наук. екон. читань з міжнар. участю «Трансформація економічних процесів у морегосподарському комплексі України», 17–18 груд. 2019 р. – Миколаїв : Вид. Торубара В. В., 2019. – С. 26–30.
Розглянуто проблеми формування концепції морегосподарського комплексу (МГК) України, принципи її формування та концептуальні засади його реформування з метою визначення та виокремлення галузей МГК.
The problems by forming of principles and basic concept of it forming are defined.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

The article deals with some of the aspects related to development of the present-day conception of pension schemes in Ukraine and Kazakhstan in the context of solving social problems. Demographic and economic conditions for functioning of pension mechanisms of the countries under consideration are analyzed. Comparison of their parameters shows the existence of conceptual characteristics and similar features. Approaches to formation of insurance fees as the background for pension schemes financial balance have been analyzed. Attention is paid to the dependence of financial stability of pension schemes on the level of shadowing of employment relations and wages. Outstanding characteristics for formation of pension assets of insured persons are described. Mutual problems for development of basic pension security are defined. We focus at the insufficient level of development of the non-state pension provision in comparison with the present-day public needs. In the course of our investigations we used the whole complex of general scientific and economic-statistical methods: tabulation procedure, data processing and comparison study. Speculative generalizations and conclusions are made based on the abstract-logical method. We make our proposals to improve the conception of the present-day pension scheme (system) and environment for its functioning for the purposes of further social and economic national development.