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Статті в журналах з теми "Marine Benthos"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Minh Phuong, Nguyen Thi. "USING BENTHOS TO EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY FROM CENTRAL VIETNAM AFTER THE INCIDENT CAUSED BY FORMOSA." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 4C (March 24, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/4c/12145.

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In this study, we evaluated the quality of marine environment in central Vietnam after the disaster caused by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation (Formosa), using both bio-indicators (benthos) and chemical indicators. Results show that using benthic fauna, especially meio-benthos can obtain data on the quality of marine environment faster and more accurate than using chemical indicators. In marine environment, monitoring contaminated areas and contamination sources is difficult since currents are normally strong, contaminants often move fast and far away from the sources. For the reasons, using benthos as indicator to localize the contaminated areas as well as assess the quality of marine environment can be an effective method. However, this indicator cannot help to identify the exact contaminants and using this requires a comprehensive knowledge on sea bottom topography, sedimentary characteristics, sea currents, biological competition, etc.

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2

Doherty, Mary, Maiko Tamura, Jan A. C. Vriezen, George B. McManus, and Laura A. Katz. "Diversity of Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia Ciliates in Coastal Marine Sediments and in Overlying Plankton." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 12 (April 30, 2010): 3924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01604-09.

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ABSTRACT Elucidating the relationship between ciliate communities in the benthos and the plankton is critical to understanding ciliate diversity in marine systems. Although data for many lineages are sparse, at least some members of the dominant marine ciliate clades Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia can be found in both plankton and benthos, in the latter either as cysts or active forms. In this study, we developed a molecular approach to address the relationship between the diversity of ciliates in the plankton and those of the underlying benthos in the same locations. Samples from plankton and sediments were compared across three sites along the New England coast, and additional subsamples were analyzed to assess reproducibility of methods. We found that sediment and plankton subsamples differed in their robustness to repeated subsampling. Sediment subsamples (i.e., 1-g aliquots from a single ∼20-g sample) gave variable estimates of diversity, while plankton subsamples produced consistent results. These results indicate the need for additional study to determine the spatial scale over which diversity varies in marine sediments. Clustering of phylogenetic types indicates that benthic assemblages of oligotrichs and choreotrichs appear to be more like those from spatially remote benthic communities than the ciliate communities sampled in the water above them.

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3

Tasabaramo, I. A., and A. H. Nugraha. "Abundance and Biodiversity of Benthic Infauna at Seagrass Ecosystem in Three Small Islands of Northern Papua, Indonesia: Liki Island, Meossu Island and Befondi Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1148, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1148/1/012022.

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Abstract One of the ecological roles of seagrass ecosystems is as a habitat for marine organisms. Benthos is a group of marine biota that lives on the bottom of the waters and can be found in seagrass ecosystems. This study aims to inventory the diversity of benthic organisms in seagrass ecosystems in Liki, Befondi and Meossu island. This research is part of the second leg of the Nusa Manggala Expedition which was held in 2018 on Liki Island, Meossu and Befondi, the northern waters of Papua.. Benthos data was collected using cores at 0 m, 50 m and 100 m on the line transect. The results of this study indicate that the highest density of seagrass is on Liki Island. In addition, 33 species of benthic organisms were found on Liki Island, 42 species on Meossu Island and 20 species on Befondi Island. The highest abundance and diversity of benthic organisms was found on Meossu Island. The dominant benthic organisms come from the gastropod class with the species having the highest abundance, Euplica scripta. Based on this research, it is suspected that there is a relationship between the condition of the seagrass ecosystem and the abundance and diversity of benthos.

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4

Elliott, M., and Paul F. Kingston. "The sublittoral benthic fauna of the estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 3-4 (1987): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006874.

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SynopsisThe structure of the sublittoral benthic macro-invertebrate populations of the Forth estuary and firth, Scotland, is described, giving the species richness, abundance and biomass for the area from the freshwater tidal limit to the North Sea boundary. Eight faunal associations have been defined, which include classical Petersen communities in the marine area and transition associations within the estuary. The spatial distributions of the associations are predominantly the result of the physical environment, but superimposed on the effects of salinity, sediment type and bathymetry are the effects of urbanisation, industrialisation, dredging and spoil disposal and thermal discharges. The benthos of the major part of the firth has been little affected, although that of the peripheral and estuarine areas does show anthropogenic effects.The water column-benthos and fisheries-benthos interactions are also discussed. Elevated levels of nutrients in the water column may be the cause of enriched benthic populations in the firth and an assessment of the fish-benthos coupling indicates an estuarine functioning similar to other northwestern European areas.

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5

Li, Ming Chang, and Ying Jie Zhao. "Trend Analysis of Marine Ecology with Nearshore Reclamation for Ecological Civilization." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1414.

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The amount and diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos are very essential indexes for the marine ecology. These indexes are meaningful guidance for the regional management, sustainable development and ecological civilization. In this paper, the trend of marine ecology is researched for guiding and improve the environmental impact assessment and management in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay. The amount and diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos are analyzed by five years’ field data. The research results show that the marine reclamation has influence on the marine ecology.

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6

Signor, Philip W., and Geerat J. Vermeij. "The plankton and the benthos: origins and early history of an evolving relationship." Paleobiology 20, no. 3 (1994): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012793.

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Modern marine plankton communities include a broad diversity of metazoans that are suspension-feeding or micropredatory as adults. Many benthic marine species have larval stages that reside, and often feed, in the plankton for brief to very long periods of time, and most marine benthic communities include large numbers of suspension-feeders. This has not always been the case. Cambrian benthic communities included relatively few suspension-feeders. Similarly, there were few metazoan clades represented in the plankton, either as adult suspension-feeders or as larvae. Review of the fossil record suggests that the diversification of the plankton and suspension-feeding marine animals began in the Late Cambrian and continued into the Ordovician. These changes were accompanied by, and probably influenced, concurrent major changes in the marine realm, including an increase in tiering within benthic communities, the replacement of the Cambrian fauna by the Paleozoic fauna, and a general taxonomic diversification. The ultimate cause of these changes is uncertain, but it appears likely that the plankton was and is a refuge from predation and bioturbation for adults and larvae alike. The expansion in plankton biomass thus provided increased ecological opportunities for suspension-feeders in the plankton and benthos.

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7

Takahashi, Masanori, and Tetsuo Iwami. "The summer diet of demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands." Antarctic Science 9, no. 4 (December 1997): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000527.

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The stomach contents of demersal fish in late January 1982 were analysed. Samples were taken at 100, 300 and 500 m depth south of Elephant Island, Bransfield Strait and north of Livingston Island, and at 800 m to the east of Smith Island. Fifty four taxa of fish belonging to 11 families were collected. The diets of 2101 fish representing 38 taxa were examined. These were classified into three categories, fish feeders, krill feeders and benthos feeders. Fish prey species fed on krill and/or benthos. Krill was a major dietary component for 32 (84.2%) out of 38 taxa. Gobionotothen gibberifrons was distributed at all 10 stations (100–800 m in depth) and its diet comprised krill and benthos. The present findings verify the importance of krill in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and indicate that krill is consumed by benthic fish at greater depths than previously reported.

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8

Williams, Gray A., and S. J. Hawkins. "Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 4 (November 1991): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400053492.

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A meeting on Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos was held in Liverpool in September 1990, organized by the Sy sterna tics Association in their Symposium Series, and supported by the Marine Biological Association. The following six papers were first presented at this meeting:

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9

Avila, Conxita, Xavier Buñuel, Francesc Carmona, Albert Cotado, Oriol Sacristán-Soriano, and Carlos Angulo-Preckler. "Would Antarctic Marine Benthos Survive Alien Species Invasions? What Chemical Ecology May Tell Us." Marine Drugs 20, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20090543.

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Many Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates are chemically protected against predation by marine natural products of different types. Antarctic potential predators mostly include sea stars (macropredators) and amphipod crustaceans (micropredators) living in the same areas (sympatric). Recently, alien species (allopatric) have been reported to reach the Antarctic coasts, while deep-water crabs are suggested to be more often present in shallower waters. We decided to investigate the effect of the chemical defenses of 29 representative Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates from seven different phyla against predation by using non-native allopatric generalist predators as a proxy for potential alien species. The Antarctic species tested included 14 Porifera, two Cnidaria, two Annelida, one Nemertea, two Bryozooa, three Echinodermata, and five Chordata (Tunicata). Most of these Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates were chemically protected against an allopatric generalist amphipod but not against an allopatric generalist crab from temperate waters. Therefore, both a possible recolonization of large crabs from deep waters or an invasion of non-native generalist crab species could potentially alter the fundamental nature of these communities forever since chemical defenses would not be effective against them. This, together with the increasing temperatures that elevate the probability of alien species surviving, is a huge threat to Antarctic marine benthos.

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10

Lowery, Christopher M., Paul R. Bown, Andrew J. Fraass, and Pincelli M. Hull. "Ecological Response of Plankton to Environmental Change: Thresholds for Extinction." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 48, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-081619-052818.

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Severe climatic and environmental changes are far more prevalent in Earth history than major extinction events, and the relationship between environmental change and extinction severity has important implications for the outcome of the ongoing anthropogenic extinction event. The response of mineralized marine plankton to environmental change offers an interesting contrast to the overall record of marine biota, which is dominated by benthic invertebrates. Here, we summarize changes in the species diversity of planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton over the Mesozoic–Cenozoic and that of radiolarians and diatoms over the Cenozoic. We find that, aside from the Triassic–Jurassic and Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction events, extinction in the plankton is decoupled from that in the benthos. Extinction in the plankton appears to be driven primarily by majorclimatic shifts affecting water column stratification, temperature, and, perhaps, chemistry. Changes that strongly affect the benthos, such as acidification and anoxia, have little effect on the plankton or are associated with radiation. ▪ Fossilizing marine plankton provide some of the most highly temporally and taxonomically resolved records of biodiversity since the Mesozoic. ▪ The record of extinction and origination in the plankton differs from the overall marine biodiversity record in revealing ways. ▪ Changes to water column stratification and global circulation are the main drivers of plankton diversity. ▪ Anoxia, acidification, and eutrophication (which strongly influence total marine fossil diversity) are less important in the plankton.

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11

Welch, H. E., T. D. Siferd, and P. Bruecker. "Marine zooplanktonic and benthic community respiration rates at Resolute, Canadian high Arctic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-006.

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Benthic community respiration rates and macrozooplankton (>202 µm) biomass and respiration rates were measured throughout a calender year at Resolute (74°42 prime N, 94°50 prime W). The plankton averaged 7.2 g dry weight · m-2 with no seasonal pattern and respired 82 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1. Gelatinous and chaetognath predators made up 10% of macrozooplankton biomass and respired 6.4% of planktonic respiration. The lipid content of the nongelatinous fraction fluctuated seasonaly from 64% of dry weight in midwinter to 46% in early summer. The benthic soft-bottom community inside Resolute Bay respired about 125 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1, with a twofold rate increase in late summer. Offshore on hard bottom the few measurements we obtained suggested a respiration rate of about 75 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1. The macrozooplankton and benthos were therefore approximately equal in energy flow. The total ecosystem respiration of 157 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1 corroborated a previous independent estimate of photosynthesis of 60 g C · m-2 · yr-1 for the region. Microplankton respiration appeared to be relatively low. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the proporion of primary production exported to the benthos increases with decreasing water temperature and depth, increasing latitude, and increasing cell size.

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12

Rosenberg, Rutger. "Striking Century-Long Changes in Marine Benthos." Journal of Environmental Protection 05, no. 13 (2014): 1316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.513125.

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13

Hughes, R. N., N. A. Holme, and A. D. McIntyre. "Methods for the study of Marine Benthos." Journal of Animal Ecology 54, no. 2 (June 1985): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4512.

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14

Hall, Steve J. "Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7, no. 9 (September 1992): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(92)90241-3.

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15

HENMI, Yasuhisa, Rei IZUNO, Naoko OKAMOTO, and Kazuhiro KAWADA. "Distribution and Behavior of the Marine Luminescent Ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii." Japanese Journal of Benthology 57 (2002): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.57.21.

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16

Pearson, T. H. "The benthos of soft sublittoral habitats." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700001109x.

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SynopsisA brief outline of the characteristics and habitat of marine sedimentary benthos is given together with a consideration of the factors influencing the structure and distribution of benthic communities and the role of larval strategies in influencing recruitment to such communities. The bearing these ecological factors have for the conservation of such communities in Scottish waters is discussed in the context of current and potential threats to their present stability and distributions. It is suggested that the rich communities of the fjordic and shelf areas of the western coast and island groups merit the greatest current concern for conservation, in the face of increasing pressures from a range of developmental actions.

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17

Kim, Sang Lyeol, Hyung Gon Lee, Yosup Park, and Ok Hwan Yu. "Relationship between Submerged Marine Debris and Macrobenthic Fauna in Jeju Island, South Korea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071427.

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Pollution associated with marine debris is of global ecological concern, as it threatens wildlife and local economies. Submerged marine debris alters local benthic species composition and community characteristics. The study site of Jaguri, Jeju Island, where a variety of submerged marine debris was found, was used to investigate the impact of submerged marine debris on the macrobenthic fauna of sandy and rocky substrates. The dominant macrobenthos taxon differed by sediment type; the polychaete Armandia lanceolata was dominant in sandy bottom environments and the mollusk Leiosolenus lischkei was dominant in rocky bottom environments. The presence of marine debris was associated with differences in biomass in both the soft and rocky areas. The site without debris had higher biomass in the soft area, and the site with nets had a higher density of benthic animals within the site with debris. In the rocky area. the site with debris had a higher biomass. Macrobenthos were affected by the type of deposited marine debris and the type of sediment substrate. This study provides a basis for future studies on the impact of debris on marine ecosystems and identified the benthos species affected by marine debris.

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18

Belmonte, Genuario, and Fernando Rubino. "POTENTIAL AND REALIZED DIVERSITY OF COASTAL PLANKTON: THE ROLE OF RESTING STAGES IN ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (March 21, 2022): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78207.

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Resting stages are the strategy for species to avoid the variability of environmental conditions. In coastal confined marine habitats, variability of conditions is higher than in the open sea, and bottoms accumulate plankton resting stages in the so-called “marine cyst banks”. The benthic-pelagic coupling generated by this bi-location of plankton, however, is not clearly evident for all the involved species. This result is due to the still scant knowledge of the life cycles and life histories of single species. The study of plankton dynamics from the benthos point of view is useful and informative and it increases the potential complexity of a planktonic community in a confined area. Keywords: plankton, life cycles, resting stages, cysts, benthic-pelagic coupling, resurrection ecology.

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19

KITAHASHI, Tomo, and Yasuhide NAKAMURA. "How can we cope with the issue of marine debris, including microplastics?" Japanese Journal of Benthology 74, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.74.129.

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20

Hadi, Tri Aryono. "PERANAN EKOLOGIS SPONS PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG." OSEANA 43, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2018.vol.43no.1.15.

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ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF SPONGES IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS. Sponges are one of main reef benthic components which is quite abundant and worldwide distributed. Due to its unique characteristics, such as filtering water column, possessing pores throughout the body, and producing metabolite compounds, sponges play important roles in marine ecosystems. In coral reef ecosystems, the roles are very complex, including facilitating nutrient cycles, stabilizing/eroding calcareous substrates, hosting many types of marine organisms, providing protection to its symbions, competing with other marine benthos in structuring the reefs and as a bioindicator. In this case, sponges can be illustrated as a mediator between abiotic and biotic factors, thus material and energy transfers in the coral reef ecosystems can be boosted. Therefore, it is essential to monitor sponge communities in the reefs considering that its immense roles cannot likely be replaced by other marine organisms.

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21

Raphael, Alina, Zvy Dubinsky, David Iluz, and Nathan S. Netanyahu. "Neural Network Recognition of Marine Benthos and Corals." Diversity 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010029.

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We present thorough this review the developments in the field, point out their current limitations, and outline its timelines and unique potential. In order to do so we introduce the methods used in each of the advances in the application of deep learning (DL) to coral research that took place between the years: 2016–2018. DL has unique capability of streamlining the description, analysis, and monitoring of coral reefs, saving time, and obtaining higher reliability and accuracy compared with error-prone human performance. Coral reefs are the most diverse and complex of marine ecosystems, undergoing a severe decline worldwide resulting from the adverse synergistic influences of global climate change, ocean acidification, and seawater warming, exacerbated by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. DL is an extension of some of the concepts originating from machine learning that join several multilayered neural networks. Machine learning refers to algorithms that automatically detect patterns in data. In the case of corals these data are underwater photographic images. Based on “learned” patterns, such programs can recognize new images. The novelty of DL is in the use of state-of-art computerized image analyses technologies, and its fully automated methodology of dealing with large data sets of images. Automated Image recognition refers to technologies that identify and detect objects or attributes in a digital video or image automatically. Image recognition classifies data into selected categories out of many. We show that Neural Network methods are already reliable in distinguishing corals from other benthos and non-coral organisms. Automated recognition of live coral cover is a powerful indicator of reef response to slow and transient changes in the environment. Improving automated recognition of coral species, DL methods already recognize decline of coral diversity due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Diversity indicators can document the effectiveness of reef bioremediation initiatives. We explored the current applications of deep learning for corals and benthic image classification by discussing the most recent studies conducted by researchers. We review the developments in the field, point out their current limitations, and outline their timelines and unique potential. We also discussed a few future research directions in the fields of deep learning. Future needs are the age detection of single species, in order to track trends in their population recruitment, decline, and recovery. Fine resolution, at the polyp level, is still to be developed, in order to allow separation of species with similar macroscopic features. That refinement of DL will allow such comparisons and their analyses. We conclude that the usefulness of future, more refined automatic identification will allow reef comparison, and tracking long term changes in species diversity. The hitherto unused addition of intraspecific coral color parameters, will add the inclusion of physiological coral responses to environmental conditions and change thereof. The core aim of this review was to underscore the strength and reliability of the DL approach for documenting coral reef features based on an evaluation of the currently available published uses of this method. We expect that this review will encourage researchers from computer vision and marine societies to collaborate on similar long-term joint ventures.

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22

Bowden, DA. "Seasonality of recruitment in Antarctic sessile marine benthos." Marine Ecology Progress Series 297 (2005): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps297101.

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23

Kortsch, S., R. Primicerio, F. Beuchel, P. E. Renaud, J. Rodrigues, O. J. Lonne, and B. Gulliksen. "Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 35 (August 13, 2012): 14052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207509109.

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24

Solan, M. "Extinction and Ecosystem Function in the Marine Benthos." Science 306, no. 5699 (November 12, 2004): 1177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103960.

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25

Hempel, Gotthilf. "Antarctic marine biology – two centuries of research." Antarctic Science 19, no. 2 (May 22, 2007): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000272.

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AbstractWhilst interest in the economic exploitation of the Southern Ocean resources dates back to the last part of the 18th century scientific research into elements of the marine ecosystem only began in the mid 19th century. As far as plankton and benthos are concerned the great exploratory voyages and expeditions laid a firm taxonomic foundation on which later work was built. The most outstanding expedition contribution was from the Discovery Investigations. Concern about uncontrolled exploitation stimulated the SCAR BIOMASS programme which in turn led to CCAMLR with its modelling programmes and top predator monitoring. Recent research on pack ice communities has been aided by dedicated ice-capable research vessels whilst unmanned photographic techniques as well as SCUBA diving and experimental research facilities in the Antarctic have encouraged major research on benthos. International collaboration, interdisciplinary research and good ideas suggest Antarctic marine biology has a bright future.

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26

Pires-Teixeira, Larissa M., Vinicius Neres-Lima, and Joel C. Creed. "Autochthonous Versus Allochthonous Resources in a Tropical Rocky Shore Trophic Web Adjacent to a Marine Riparian Area." Diversity 15, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15060725.

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Marine riparian areas and coastal vegetation are essential and important to the coastal marine ecosystem, although their interactions and functions are still unknown and ignored in marine ecological studies and integrated management planning. In southeastern Brazil, allochthonous resources derived from riparian Atlantic rainforests bordering rocky shores have been observed in abundance together with the shallow subtidal rocky reef benthos. In this study, we used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to characterize the main components in a benthic trophic web on a shallow tropical rocky shore, to identify the proportional contributions of allochthonous (marine riparian vegetation—MRV) to autochthonous (phytoplankton and algae) inputs and to test which basal food resources contributed most to the marine community on the Atlantic Forest–rocky coast interface. We found eight major food resources and seventeen consumers that we classified into different groups according to their feeding habits and biology. Although the main source of basal resources in the benthic trophic web in the present study remained autochthonous, the allochthonous resources were assimilated by all consumers. MRV is thus an important resource for some primary consumers and it should be included as a potential source of basal resources in marine ecosystems adjacent to marine riparian areas.

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27

OTANI, Michio. "Introduced Marine Organisms in Japanese Coastal Waters, and the Processes Involved in Their Entry." Japanese Journal of Benthology 59 (2004): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.59.45.

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28

Zhang, Xiaoxin, Luping Bi, Eleni Gentekaki, Jianmin Zhao, Pingping Shen, and Qianqian Zhang. "Culture-Independent Single-Cell PacBio Sequencing Reveals Epibiotic Variovorax and Nucleus Associated Mycoplasma in the Microbiome of the Marine Benthic Protist Geleia sp. YT (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea)." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061500.

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Microbes in marine sediments constitute up to five-sixths of the planet’s total biomass, but their diversity is little explored, especially for those forming associations with unicellular protists. Heterotrophic ciliates are among the most dominant and diversified marine benthic protists and comprise hotspot niches of bacterial colonization. To date, studies using culture-independent single-cell approaches to explore microbiomes of marine benthic ciliates in nature are almost absent, even for the most ubiquitous species. Here, we characterize the major bacterial groups associated with a representative marine benthic ciliate, Geleia sp. YT, collected directly from the coastal zone of Yantai, China. PacBio sequencing of the nearly full-length 16Sr RNA genes was performed on single cells of Geleia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with genus-specific probes was further applied to locate the dominant bacterial groups. We identified a Variovorax-like bacterium as the major epibiotic symbiont residing in the kineties of the ciliate host. We provide evidence of a nucleus-associated bacterium related to the human pathogen Mycoplasma, which appeared prevalently in the local populations of Geleia sp. YT for 4 months. The most abundant bacterial taxa associated with Geleia sp. YT likely represent its core microbiome, hinting at the important roles of the ciliate-bacteria consortium in the marine benthos. Overall, this work has contributed to the knowledge of the diversity of life in the enigmatic marine benthic ciliate and its symbioses.

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29

Post, Alexandra L., Philip E. O’Brien, Robin J. Beaman, Martin J. Riddle, and Laura De Santis. "Physical controls on deep water coral communities on the George V Land slope, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 22, no. 4 (March 26, 2010): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000180.

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AbstractDense coral-sponge communities on the upper continental slope at 570–950 m off George V Land, East Antarctica have been identified as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. The challenge is now to understand their probable distribution on other parts of the Antarctic margin. We propose three main factors governing their distribution on the George V margin: 1) their depth in relation to iceberg scouring, 2) the flow of organic-rich bottom waters, and 3) their location at the head of shelf cutting canyons. Icebergs scour to 500 m in this region and the lack of such disturbance is a probable factor allowing the growth of rich benthic ecosystems. In addition, the richest communities are found in the heads of canyons which receive descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water formed on the George V shelf, which could entrain abundant food for the benthos. The canyons harbouring rich benthos are also those that cut the shelf break. Such canyons are known sites of high productivity in other areas due to strong current flow and increased mixing with shelf waters, and the abrupt, complex topography. These proposed mechanisms provide a framework for the identification of areas where there is a higher likelihood of encountering these Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems.

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30

Clarke, Sarah, and Oliver Tully. "BACI monitoring of effects of hydraulic dredging for cockles on intertidal benthic habitats of Dundalk Bay, Ireland." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 7 (June 16, 2014): 1451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000630.

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Hydraulic dredging for bivalves, such as cockles (Cerastoderma edule), has the potential to cause significant impacts on marine intertidal benthos. Although this fishing activity is common in northern European Natura 2000 sites such impacts may be incompatible with conservation objectives for designated habitats and species within these sites. In 2009–2010 a spatially nested control-impact study was undertaken before (t0), 8–9 days after (t1) and 4 months (t2) following dredging and extraction of 108 tonnes of cockles from a standing stock of 2158 tonnes in Dundalk Bay. This study failed to detect significant effects on benthic sediments, or the overall community structure. However, a fishing effect on the target species C. edule in one sampling area and a short lived effect on the bivalve Angulus tenuis were identified. Significant spatial and temporal variability in abundance of species and taxonomic groups, unrelated to fishing effects, was observed. Previous studies on the effects of fisheries on marine intertidal benthos have reported variable results, related to study design and objectives and the physical characteristics of the study site. Site specific studies, relative to the intensity and frequency of proposed fishing activity, may be required to adequately inform managers whether such activities are compatible with specific conservation objectives for Natura 2000 sites.

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31

Clarke, A. "Ecological stoichiometry in six species of Antarctic marine benthos." Marine Ecology Progress Series 369 (October 13, 2008): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07670.

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32

Bolam, S. G., T. F. Fernandes, and M. Huxham. "DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN THE MARINE BENTHOS." Ecological Monographs 72, no. 4 (November 2002): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0599:dbaepi]2.0.co;2.

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33

Kaiser, Michel. "Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos (Third Edition)." Fish and Fisheries 8, no. 1 (March 2007): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00238.x.

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34

Roy, Virginie, and Jean-Marc Gagnon. "Natural history museum data on Canadian Arctic marine benthos." Marine Biodiversity 48, no. 3 (December 6, 2016): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0610-2.

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35

Hummel, Herman, Pim Van Avesaath, Sander Wijnhoven, Loran Kleine-Schaars, Steven Degraer, Francis Kerckhof, Natalia Bojanic, et al. "Geographic patterns of biodiversity in European coastal marine benthos." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 3 (September 14, 2016): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001119.

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Within the COST action EMBOS (European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System) the degree and variation of the diversity and densities of soft-bottom communities from the lower intertidal or the shallow subtidal was measured at 28 marine sites along the European coastline (Baltic, Atlantic, Mediterranean) using jointly agreed and harmonized protocols, tools and indicators. The hypothesis tested was that the diversity for all taxonomic groups would decrease with increasing latitude. The EMBOS system delivered accurate and comparable data on the diversity and densities of the soft sediment macrozoobenthic community over a large-scale gradient along the European coastline. In contrast to general biogeographic theory, species diversity showed no linear relationship with latitude, yet a bell-shaped relation was found. The diversity and densities of benthos were mostly positively correlated with environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, mud and organic matter content in sediment, or wave height, and related with location characteristics such as system type (lagoons, estuaries, open coast) or stratum (intertidal, subtidal). For some relationships, a maximum (e.g. temperature from 15–20°C; mud content of sediment around 40%) or bimodal curve (e.g. salinity) was found. In lagoons the densities were twice higher than in other locations, and at open coasts the diversity was much lower than in other locations. We conclude that latitudinal trends and regional differences in diversity and densities are strongly influenced by, i.e. merely the result of, particular sets and ranges of environmental factors and location characteristics specific to certain areas, such as the Baltic, with typical salinity clines (favouring insects) and the Mediterranean, with higher temperatures (favouring crustaceans). Therefore, eventual trends with latitude are primarily indirect and so can be overcome by local variation of environmental factors.

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36

Zhao, Shen, and Xue Yi You. "A Marine Ecosystem Model Considering the Processes of Eutrophication and Heavy Metal Transformation." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.993.

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A complex mass-balanced model of marine ecosystem was developed, including nineteen state variables. In this model, benthos sub-model and improved heavy metal sub-model were coupled with the nutrient cycling.

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37

TSUJINO, Mutsumi. "Spatiotemporal distribution of free-living marine nematodes in the tidal flats of Nakatsu and Yokohama Umino-Koen." Japanese Journal of Benthology 77 (December 25, 2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.77.10.

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38

Gao, Chun Juan, Yan An Zhang, Liang Wang, Qi Zhang, and Xi Ping Huang. "Effect of Discharged Brine on the Marine Ecological Environment." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1694.

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This paper briefly introduced the composition and properties of brine from seawater desalination plant and mainly reviewed the effect of discharged brine on the marine ecological environment. Then we analyzed the effect of salinity and temperature of brine on plankton, benthos, fish and seagrass. A quantity of discharged brine will cause marine water quality deterioration, make the economic marine species decrease, resulting in the loss of fishery resources and marine economy. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study and monitoring of marine ecological environment, for maximize reducing the negative influence of discharged brine on the marine environment.

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39

SIMBOURA, N., M. TSAPAKIS, A. PAVLIDOU, G. ASSIMAKOPOULOU, K. PAGOU, H. KONTOYANNIS, C. ZERI, et al. "Assessment of the environmental status in Hellenic coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean): from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.960.

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A methodology is presented to assess the environmental status sensu the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive (MSFD) based on data obtained from the monitoring of water quality in the Hellenic coastal waters within the Water Framework Directive (WFD). An adapted decision tree used for integrating the results of the WFD in the Basque country was applied. Modifications lie to the evaluation of the physicochemical status based on a eutrophication index developed for Eastern Mediterranean waters. Results on hydromorphological, physicochemical and biological elements are presented. The chemical status was evaluated based on measurements of heavy metals in water. The evaluation of the biological quality was based on the use of metrics developed for phytoplankton biomass, benthic macroinvertebrates and macroalgae updated to accommodate MSFD needs. Results on the integrative status of the water bodies were validated by correlating classification results with a pressure index and environmental indicators in water column and sediment. Following this decision tree the majority of stations expected to be at risk of achieving the good status were found in moderate status. Benthos was found to be the element with the closest agreement with the integrated final status having an increased weighting in the decision tree. The quality of benthos and in some limited cases the eutrophication index determined largely the final status. The highest disagreement with the integrative classification was produced by macroalgae. All indicators used correlated with water and sediment parameters but benthos correlated better with sediment factors while phytoplankton and eutrophication index with water column parameters.

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40

ASWANI, SHANKAR, and MATTHEW LAUER. "Benthic mapping using local aerial photo interpretation and resident taxa inventories for designing marine protected areas." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 3 (September 2006): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003183.

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Given the frequent socioeconomic, political and concomitant ecological failures of science-driven marine protected area (MPA) programmes, it is now important to design MPAs by integrating natural and social science research more comprehensively. This study shows how indigenous peoples assisted in the design of MPAs by identifying marine substrates and related resident taxa on aerial photos, information which was then incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS) database, along with dive survey data. Two questions were asked: (1) Is indigenous ecological knowledge accurate enough for mapping the benthos and associated taxa? (2) Is such an approach an appropriate way for assisting in the biological and social design of MPAs in Oceania? Conventional quadrat field dive surveys were used to measure the accuracy of substrate identification by local informants and a visual survey was used to test hypotheses formulated from local knowledge regarding the spatial distribution and relative abundance of non-cryptic species within certain benthic habitats. Equivalence rates between indigenous aerial photo interpretations of dominant benthic substrates and in situ dive surveys were 75–85% for a moderately detailed classification scheme of the benthos, which included nine locally-defined abiotic and biotic benthic classes for the MPA seabed. Similarly, the taxa inventory showed a strong correspondence between the qualitative predictions of local fisherfolk and the quantitative analysis of non-cryptic species distribution, including their relative abundance and geophysical locations. Indigenous people's predictions about the presence or absence of fish in different benthic habitats corresponded 77% and 92% of the time (depending on scoring schema) with in situ visual measurements. These results demonstrate how incorporating local knowledge of benthic heterogeneity, existing biological communities, and particular spatio-temporal events of biological significance into a GIS database can corroborate the production of scientifically reliable base resource maps for designing MPAs in an environmentally and culturally sound fashion. This participatory approach was used to design and then establish MPAs in the Roviana and Vonavona region of the Western Solomon Islands. Under appropriate conditions, interdisciplinary work can complement the design of scientific fishery management and biodiversity conservation prescriptions for coastal Oceania.

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41

Reiss, Henning, Silvana Birchenough, Angel Borja, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Johan Craeymeersch, Jennifer Dannheim, Alexander Darr, et al. "Benthos distribution modelling and its relevance for marine ecosystem management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (June 19, 2014): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu107.

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Abstract Marine benthic ecosystems are difficult to monitor and assess, which is in contrast to modern ecosystem-based management requiring detailed information at all important ecological and anthropogenic impact levels. Ecosystem management needs to ensure a sustainable exploitation of marine resources as well as the protection of sensitive habitats, taking account of potential multiple-use conﬂicts and impacts over large spatial scales. The urgent need for large-scale spatial data on benthic species and communities resulted in an increasing application of distribution modelling (DM). The use of DM techniques enables to employ full spatial coverage data of environmental variables to predict benthic spatial distribution patterns. Especially, statistical DMs have opened new possibilities for ecosystem management applications, since they are straightforward and the outputs are easy to interpret and communicate. Mechanistic modelling techniques, targeting the fundamental niche of species, and Bayesian belief networks are the most promising to further improve DM performance in the marine realm. There are many actual and potential management applications of DMs in the marine benthic environment, these are (i) early warning systems for species invasion and pest control, (ii) to assess distribution probabilities of species to be protected, (iii) uses in monitoring design and spatial management frameworks (e.g. MPA designations), and (iv) establishing long-term ecosystem management measures (accounting for future climate-driven changes in the ecosystem). It is important to acknowledge also the limitations associated with DM applications in a marine management context as well as considering new areas for future DM developments. The knowledge of explanatory variables, for example, setting the basis for DM, will continue to be further developed: this includes both the abiotic (natural and anthropogenic) and the more pressing biotic (e.g. species interactions) aspects of the ecosystem. While the response variables on the other hand are often focused on species presence and some work undertaken on species abundances, it is equally important to consider, e.g. biological traits or benthic ecosystem functions in DM applications. Tools such as DMs are suitable to forecast the possible effects of climate change on benthic species distribution patterns and hence could help to steer present-day ecosystem management.

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42

Sánchez-Lizaso, J. L., J. Bayle Sempere, and P. Sánchez Jerez. "Marine biology, biodiversity and conservation: foreword to the SIEBM 2010 Conference." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34, no. 1 (2011): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2011.34.0067.

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The SIEBM (Iberian Symposium of Studies on Marine Biology) has a long tradition. The conference was first convened in 1979 and it has since been held approximately biannually. It was originally focused on marine benthos, but two editions ago it was decided to widen its objectives to include other related subjects. The 15th edition was held at the University of Alicante from 6th to 10th September 2010.

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43

OSUMI, Dai, and Terufumi YAMASU. "Feeding Behavior and Early Development of Gymnodoris nigricolor Baba, 1960 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) Associated with the Fins of Marine Gobies." Japanese Journal of Benthology 55 (2000): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.55.9.

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44

KIMURA, Taeko, Keiji IWASAKI, Kenji OKOSHI, and Takeharu KOSUGE. "The Present Status of Marine Alien Benthos in Japan, Based on a Survey of Collections in Museums and Aquaria." Japanese Journal of Benthology 59 (2004): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos.59.58.

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45

Song, Jong-Seok, Yong-Woo Lee, Young-Sik Han, and Young-Kwon Park. "Management status and policy direction of submerged marine debris for improvement of port environment in Korea." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0368.

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Abstract As the issue of marine waste is emerging around the world, it is urgent to come up with measures to manage marine waste. This study examined the status of the collection project of submerged marine debris (SMD) undertaken to improve the environment of major ports by the central and local governments of Korea. Approximately, 7,174 and 2,817 tons of SMD have been collected at major trade ports and coastal ports, respectively, over the last 7 years (2014–2020). The projects to collect SMD have achieved effectiveness, reducing marine accidents in the port. For example, entanglement accidents caused by floating debris also decreased by 11% in 2018 compared to the previous year. The results of the sediment environment investigation before and after the collection of SMD also showed that the species of benthos and their population density increased, and the concentration of acid volatile sulfides (AVSs) decreased. To reduce marine accidents in ports and improve the benthic environment, it will be necessary to provide policy support, such as investigating the distribution status of SMD regularly, improving the effectiveness of the collection method, identifying the way to recycle collected debris, maintaining the public–private cooperative system, and establishing a specialized agency for the systematic management of marine debris.

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46

Grizzle, Raymond E. "To Study the Benthos Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos N. A. Holme A. D. McIntyre." BioScience 35, no. 10 (November 1985): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310006.

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47

Watling, Les, and Elliott A. Norse. "Special Section: Effects of Mobile Fishing Gear on Marine Benthos." Conservation Biology 12, no. 6 (December 1998): 1178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.0120061178.x.

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48

Grabowski, Jonathan H., Michelle Bachman, Chad Demarest, Steve Eayrs, Bradley P. Harris, Vincent Malkoski, David Packer, and David Stevenson. "Assessing the Vulnerability of Marine Benthos to Fishing Gear Impacts." Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 22, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.846292.

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49

Ellingsen, Kari E., Judi E. Hewitt, and Simon F. Thrush. "Rare species, habitat diversity and functional redundancy in marine benthos." Journal of Sea Research 58, no. 4 (November 2007): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2007.10.001.

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50

Holmes, K. W., K. P. Van Niel, B. Radford, G. A. Kendrick, and S. L. Grove. "Modelling distribution of marine benthos from hydroacoustics and underwater video." Continental Shelf Research 28, no. 14 (August 2008): 1800–1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.04.016.

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