Дисертації з теми "Marginal farmers"
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Banerjee, Soma. "Investigations on the potentialities of crop-livestock-fish integrated farming system for the marginal farmers in terai region of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1453.
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Desai, Bina. "Local brokers : knowledge, trust and organisation in the practice of agricultural extension for small and marginal farmers in Rajasthan, India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416035.
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Rigg, Jonathan. "The problems of agricultural intensification in a marginal rainfed environment : a study of farmers' practices and government policies in two villages in northeastern Thailand." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1985. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29192/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In short, the study proposes that farming in a marginal rain-fed environment such as that of the Northeast Region of Thailand presents special problems for the intensification of production, and that government policies should take account of these problems. The thesis is based on fieldwork conducted in two villages in the province of Mahasarakham, Northeastern Thailand, during the period September 1982 to June 1983. The villages were both farming communities in which households grew rain-fed wet-rice to meet their subsistence requirements/ and upland cash crops (principally cassava) to supplement their income. A detailed questionnaire was conducted among approximately a fifth of the population. The work involves an analysis of farmers' practices vis a vis rice and upland cropping and contrasts them with the government recommendations. There were significant disparities between the two and these have been explained from the perspective of the farmer, rather than that of the extension office. The outcome is that many government initiatives are shown to be less than relevant to the position in which the farmer finds himself. This fact - that the government recommendations are often irrelevant to the inhabitants - is then expanded upon to reveal some of the problems of intensifying agricultural production in a marginal environment where the risks are great. The strategy that the farmers adopted appeared to consist of two contrasting, although not contradictory, elements: firstly, a great specificity of response to varying edaphic and topographic conditions; and secondly, an emphasis on flexibility of response to the variable climate. Both elements combine to stabilise production or minimise risk. The resulting limited opportunities for investment in agriculture forced farmers to look for a large proportion of their cash income outside rice and upland crop cultivation. This was accentuated by the ever-increasing pressure on farmers to have a greater disposable income, and emphasises the importance of diversifying the farm economy and presenting farmers with opportunities outside agriculture.
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Bocqueho, Géraldine. "Risque, temps et adoption des cultures pérennes énergétiques : exemple du cas français." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00966877.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier les déterminants de l'adoption des cultures pérennes énergétiques par les agriculteurs en se concentrant sur les questions de risque et de temps. L'analyse s'appuie sur le cas du miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) et du panic érigé (Panicum virgatum) en France, mais est potentiellement généralisable à d'autres cultures pérennes. Lesdécisions publiques et privées pertinentes pour encourager le développement de ces cultures sontdiscutées. Dans le premier article, nous évaluons l'impact du risque et du temps sur la surface optimale de miscanthus et de panic érigé dans une exploitation de grandes cultures de la région Centre. Nous dépassons le calcul usuel de la valeur actuelle nette en tenant compte explicitement de l'aversion au risque et aux fluctuations intertemporelles à travers les cadres de l'utilité espérée et de l'utilité actualisée. Nos résultats montrent que les deux plantes pérennes sont en moyenne moins rentables que la rotation traditionnelle colza/blé/orge. Cependant, elles peuvent être très compétitives comme cultures de diversification lorsque des contrats de production adaptés sont proposés aux agriculteurs. Les deuxième, troisième et quatrième articles exploitent les données d'une enquête et d'une expérience réalisées auprès de 111 agriculteurs de Bourgogne ayant fait face au choix de cultiver ou non du miscanthus. Le deuxième article décrit la production de miscanthus en Bourgogne. Nous montrons d'une part que le miscanthus est implanté majoritairement sur des parcelles marginales peu rentables pour des usages traditionnels. Nous montrons d'autre part que, même en présence de contrats à long terme, les agriculteurs perçoivent le miscanthus comme globalement moins risqué que le blé, mais restent préoccupés par des risques spécifiques à issues peu probables mais extrêmement défavorables. Dans le troisième article, nous estimons les préférences des agriculteurs par rapport au risque à partir des données expérimentales. Nous appliquons une méthode d'estimation structurelle à un modèle de décision conforme à la théorie des perspectives. Nous passons ensuite en revue un certain nombre d'implications de ce cadre théorique pour les économistes agricoles. Nos estimations indiquent que la théorie des perspectives explique mieux nos données que la théorie standard de l'utilité espérée. Les agriculteurs sont en effet averses à la perte et déforment les probabilités de manière à donner un poids important aux événements extrêmes. Dans le quatrième article, nous examinons la relation entre l'adoption du miscanthus et les caractéristiques des agriculteurs et des exploitations, en particulier les préférences individuelles par rapport au risque et au temps. Ces dernières sont représentées par des mesures expérimentales obtenues dans le cadre de la théorie des perspectives et de l'actualisation hyperbolique respectivement. Nos résultats suggèrent que la probabilité d'adoption du miscanthus dépend du degré d'aversion à la perte des agriculteurs et de l'ampleur avec laquelle ils déforment les probabilités. Cependant, l'impact de ces deux facteurs varie avec le type de parcelle considéré et le point de référence des agriculteurs. Par ailleurs, la probabilité d'adoption est d'autant plus forte que la proportion sur l'exploitation de terres peu rentables est élevée, et que ces terres ne sont pas déjà valorisées par une activité d'élevage.
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Wu, Bin. "Rural sustainability in China's marginal areas : a study of farmer self-organising innovation in Zhidan County of the Loess Plateau." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322569.
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Paris, Thelma Romero. "Bringing women from the margin to the mainstream of rice research and technology development : strategies and lessons learned /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030424.101632/index.html.
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Ekong, Olabisi Aderonke. "Profitability, farmer and farm characteristics: the case of Ghana broiler chicken industry in 2015." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38610.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
This study assessed the farm and farmer characteristics influencing the profitability of broiler chicken farms in Ghana. It used data obtained from the 2015 census of the poultry industry conducted by USAID-METSS in collaboration with Ghana's Ministry of Food and Agriculture and the Ghana National Association of Poultry Farmers. Results show that broiler production in Ghana is operated on a small scale basis with an average number of 1,410 birds. Broiler chicken production is profitable in Ghana with national average gross margin/bird of GHS 9.22 and standard deviation of 8.40. Regression analysis was carried out using Ordinary Least Square method to estimate the effect of farm and farmer characteristics on profitability and also explore regional differences. Results shows that farm income and feed were negative and statistically significant such that a farmer with primary income from broiler chicken production had a decrease in gross margin of GHS 1.24 per bird compared to a farmer with other sources of income; a farmer that increases one unit of own feed production will have a decrease in gross margin of GHS 0.06 per bird. Additionally, regional differences exist such that farms situated in Ashanti, Central, and Eastern had higher gross margin per bird of GHS 3.21, GHS 6.10 and GHS 6.26 respectively compared to farms situated in Brong Ahafo Region. In conclusion, the study shows that both farmer (primary source of income) and farm characteristics (such as regional location and the extent to which feed was prepared on the farm) were important in explaining broiler chicken profitability. Finally, continuous research is recommended to examine the robustness of these factors in explaining profitability.
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Paris, Thelma Romero. "Bringing women from the margin to the mainstream of rice research and technology development : strategies and lessons learned." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study discusses the strategies and lessons learned by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in targeting rice research toward poor women.The strategies include socio-economic research on gender issues;technology development for women-specific tasks through participatory research; collaborative research with national agricultural research systems (NARS) and networks; research-oriented training on gender analysis; organization of conferences and workshops on gender issues; recognition of female rice scientists; gender audit of research projects and appointment of a social scientist to coordinate gender-related activities.A revised conceptual framework of farming systems research and gender analysis was used to better understand the complex interrelationship between the environment (physical, socio-economic, cultural), and intra-household dynamics, particularly men and women's roles and responsibilities in rice-based farming systems.Case studies were conducted in the Philippines and eastern India.Improved seed management and adoption of improved glutinous rice varieties showed potential for increasing yields and income.Women's narratives were interwoven within the quantitative analysis to make their voices heard in the story.The most important lesson learned from the author's experience is that targeting research toward poor rural women can be an effective strategy in providing them with choices, opportunities and abilities to enhance their role as food producers. This will hopefully help improve their social and economic status
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Taylor, John P. "Land use change and sub-optimal production on marginal part-time farms : the case of N.W. Scotland, 1947-79." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study concerns the effects on the course of agricultural land-use change of the local domination of land occupancy by sub-full-time farms; in particular the effect of non-agricultural occupations on the land-use of individual farm operators is central. Land-use changes in the West Highlands of Scotland (1947-79) were charted for 66 Parishes, which were subjected to a hierarchical fusion of 'similar experience' of change. Resultant clusters were compared in terms of structural attributes. Differentiation was found at two levels: between areas of high viz low percentages of part-time holdings and within the sub-full-time fractions, related to relative proportions of holdings of 40-135, and 135-270 Standard Man Days. 'Insignificant' holdings (<40 SMDs) were found not to be of a characteristic land-use 'type' but instead operated enterprises of similar form to larger units. In three areas of crofting townships land-use and enterprise characteristics were found not to be a sole function of size of holdings or labour availability, (estimated from household demographic and employment criteria). Non-farm occupational characteristics (full-time; part-time; seasonal etc) related to the scale of enterprise but less so to the type of enterprise. Occupants with off-farm work did not specialise per se in low-labour demanding activities. Linear programming was used to estimate optimal land-use intensity from land capability and labour data. Occupational factors related to sub-optimal land-use intensity as did occupants' age. A method derived from Point Score Analysis of decision-making factors showed that certain factors serve as 'constraints' on choices of specific groups of individuals. Off-farm work was found to be the most important such constraint.
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Paris, Thelma Romero, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Social Inquiry. "Bringing women from the margin to the mainstream of rice research and technology development : strategies and lessons learned." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Paris_T.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study discusses the strategies and lessons learned by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in targeting rice research toward poor women.The strategies include socio-economic research on gender issues;technology development for women-specific tasks through participatory research; collaborative research with national agricultural research systems (NARS) and networks; research-oriented training on gender analysis; organization of conferences and workshops on gender issues; recognition of female rice scientists; gender audit of research projects and appointment of a social scientist to coordinate gender-related activities.A revised conceptual framework of farming systems research and gender analysis was used to better understand the complex interrelationship between the environment (physical, socio-economic, cultural), and intra-household dynamics, particularly men and women's roles and responsibilities in rice-based farming systems.Case studies were conducted in the Philippines and eastern India.Improved seed management and adoption of improved glutinous rice varieties showed potential for increasing yields and income.Women's narratives were interwoven within the quantitative analysis to make their voices heard in the story.The most important lesson learned from the author's experience is that targeting research toward poor rural women can be an effective strategy in providing them with choices, opportunities and abilities to enhance their role as food producers. This will hopefully help improve their social and economic statusDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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SARAIVA, Felipe Oliveira Silva. "Técnicas de inteligência artificial aplicadas na análise de mercados elétricos com inserção de geração eólica e de sistemas de armazenamento de energia nas redes elétricas de potência." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1774.
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The locational marginal prices (LMPs) are essential financial guidelines for the electricity industry, which orientates most of the projects and deliberations in electrical market environments. In current scenario of the electricity markets, wind power plants and energy storage systems have been revealing itself as feasible and relevant electrical energy supply alternatives. In this work a generic methodology based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques is formulated and applied to the calculation and decomposition of LMPs of electric power systems (EPS) with the insertion of energy storage systems and wind farms. In the proposed AI-based methodology the optimal power flow (OPF) model, on which the calculation and decomposition of LMP is based, considers the wind behavior profile volatility, the risks of wind power levels previously scheduled, and the energy storage systems operative peculiarities. The proposed AI-based methodology takes into account the mathematical and computational models of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This proposal was properly implemented and applied for the computation and decomposition of LMPs of test systems and considering different operative scenarios involving conventional power plants, wind farms, and energy storage systems.
Os preços marginais locacionais (LMPs – Locational Marginal Prices) consistem em diretrizes financeiras mercadologicamente indispensáveis para a indústria da eletricidade, os quais norteiam grande parte dos projetos e deliberações no âmbito dos mercados elétricos. No panorama vigente dos mercados elétricos, as plantas de geração eólica e os sistemas de armazenamento de energia vêm progressiva e ininterruptamente se revelando alternativas de suprimento de eletricidade cada vez mais relevantes e viáveis. Neste trabalho, é formulada uma metodologia genérica baseada em técnicas de inteligência artificial (IA) cuja aplicação tem o objetivo de computar e decompor os LMPs associados às barras constituintes de um sistema elétrico de potência (SEP) integrado por geradores convencionais, plantas de geração eólica e por sistemas de armazenamento de energia. Na metodologia IA proposta, o modelo de fluxo de potência ótimo (FPO) sobre o qual se alicerça o cômputo e a decomposição dos LMPs associados às barras de um SEP, leva em consideração a volatilidade inerente ao perfil comportamental dos ventos, os riscos associados à assunção de níveis previamente programados de potência proveniente da geração eólica e as peculiaridades operativas concernentes aos sistemas de armazenamento de energia. Adotando-se os modelos matemáticos e computacionais dos algoritmos de otimização por enxame de partículas (PSO – Particle Swarm Optimization), a metodologia IA proposta foi devidamente implementada e aplicada na aquisição e decomposição dos LMPs associados às barras constituintes de sistemas-testes submetidos a diferentes cenários operativos envolvendo centrais de geração convencionais, plantas de geração eólica e sistemas de armazenamento de energia.
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ZINNANTI, Cinzia. "DEALING WITH RISK IN AGRICULTURE: A CROP LEVEL ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL FOR ITALIAN FARMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Risk management plays a critical role in agriculture, which is particularly exposed to multiple and heterogeneous risk factors. In addition to the traditional basic risks that generally characterize any business venture, agriculture faces external factors, generally difficult to control and with a strong impact on farm profitability. These are firstly environmental (pests and diseases) and climatic conditions that affect the quantity and quality of agricultural production, but also the structural constraints of the agricultural market, which is characterised by a high degree of supply rigidity, price volatility and inelasticity of demand. This leads to the need to implement risk management tools, some of which aimed at income stabilization (already in place by many years in other countries, i.e. the USA and Canada) and requiring the active participation of the farmer on the one hand and of the institutional system on the other.
In order to suggest risk management solutions to Italian farmers, this thesis makes efforts in simulating the feasibility of a risk management tool introduced in the EU with Regulation (EU) No 2017/2393 but not yet implemented: the sector-specific Income Stabilization Tool.
This is based on a public-private partnership and is managed by a mutual fund steered by associated farmers. These latter pay an annual contribution to become eligible for receiving indemnities when experiencing a severe income drop. Unlike others that are limited to covering specific types of risk, this tool makes it possible to look at the farmer's entire income risk considering the correlation among several sources of risk (particularly between production level and prices).
This thesis provides first a theoretical background on risk analysis and risk management in agriculture (concepts, classification, literature and methodology). Second, the role of policies within the European Union framework and, Italy, in particular, has been viewed by analysing the normative framework and the reference context of insurance instruments in agriculture. Subsequently, since assessing farm profitability and economic risk is important to support farmers’ decisions about investments and whether or not to join the insurance instruments, an explorative analysis on profitability and riskiness of a perennial crop in Italy, such as hazelnut, has been done. Finally, the implementation of a sector-specific
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Income Stabilization Tool for the crop investigated has been suggested by following this structure:
- assessment of the profitability and risk of hazelnut production, in the four main production areas in Italy;
- assessment of the most important parameters generating risk;
- simulation of the feasibility of using an income risk management tool to make supply and demand able to interact and its impact on the level and riskiness of farm income;
- assessment of the geographical scale at which the Income Stabilization Tool scheme could be implemented.
Using data from the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network on hazelnut producing farms, a downside risk analysis showed that riskiness is distributed in different ways on the entire country with sensitivity on yield risk affecting farmers' income level and economic risk. The simulation implemented in this study demonstrates the tool could reduce substantially the risk faced by hazelnut farmers in Italy. The additional public support is essential in case of joining the tool. In addition, in view of the differences within the Italian territory, the farmers’ payments should be differentiated based on the requisites and the specific climatic and environmental characteristics of each region. Concurrently, recourse to a national mutual fund would make it possible to benefit from the principle of risk pooling.
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Suchánek, Pavel. "Farmers’ willingness to plant trees on marginal agricultural land in Canada’s grain belt." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change has been one of the major global environmental concerns to date. Its seriousness
supported by many scientists around the world prompted the vast majority of countries to sign the
Kyoto Agreement on climate change. In this document Canada committed to a six percent reduction
below 1990 level of carbon dioxide emissions by the 2008-2012 commitment period. Canada has
expressed its intention to use its extensive land base as a carbon sink by planting trees. However, no
data are available on precisely how much of the land can be converted to trees and at what cost. This
thesis uses a survey of farmers in the grain-belt region of Canada to investigate the costs of planting
trees on marginal agricultural land and estimate the amount of land available for tree planting. The
survey proposes a random bid to each farmer for accepting a particular tree-planting contract.
Farmers' answers are analyzed using a bivariate probit model that provides an estimate of the mean
willingness to accept for each farmer. Regressing the number of acres made available at this bid on
the difference between the bid and the mean willingness to accept results in a supply type of schedule
that provides a general estimate of the potential for tree planting in Canada for climate change
mitigation purposes. The thesis concludes that Canada can rely on offsetting its emissions of carbon
dioxide by means of biological mitigation only to a limited extent due to the high cost of
compensation to landowners for their land.
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Chowdaiah, C. "Agricultural development and its impact on small and marginal farmers - A case study of Mysore district." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1941.
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Singh, Ram Avadh. "An enquiry into the economics of employment and earnings of agricultural labourers and marginal farmers in District, Varanasi(U.P)." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5029.
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Mutai, Benjamin K. "The impact of institutional credit for small and marginal farmers on agricultural development: The relevance of India’s experience to Kenya." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1940.
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Romero-Leon, Katia. "Diversification of marginal coffee farms in Veracruz, Mexico an analysis of socio-economic characteristics of small-scale farms in Zozocolco /." 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/romero-leon%5Fkatia%5F200705%5Fms.
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Mampane, Moshoene Samuel. "Cross margin analysis and perception of smallholder cattle farmers using arc's cattle infrastructural facility scheme in Fetakgomo Municipality, Sekhukhune District of Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2927.
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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019Cattle herd productivity in the smallholder sector is generally low in South Africa (Mapiye et al., 2009) with cattle off-take rates being as low as 15% per annum (ARC, 2016). Among the leading causes of reduced productivity in smallholder herds is cattle mortality caused by diseases and parasites, especially ticks (Hesterberg et al., 2007). Ticks and the diseases they transmit have been identified as the major cause of widespread morbidity and mortality in cattle kept by smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of South Africa (Dold and Cocks, 2001; Mapiye et al., 2009) which results in poor animal welfare. Access to animal health infrastructure and technology can help reduce the problem of cattle diseases. The study was conducted to examine the impact of ARC’s Infrastructural Facility Scheme on the profitability of cattle farming and perceptions of smallholder cattle farmers. The study had four objectives; (i) to identify and describe the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder cattle farmers in Fetakgomo Municipality and Makhuduthamaga Municipality; (ii) to assess the perception of smallholder cattle farmers on the facilities provided by ARC in the study area; (iii) to determine and analyse the profitability of smallholder cattle farmers in the study area and (iv) to assess the effect of cattle farmers’ socio-economic characteristics on cattle farming profitability in the area. A total of 224 smallholder cattle farmers were interviewed, of which 124 farmers were beneficiaries and 100 were non-beneficiaries. The Purposive Sampling procedure was employed to determine the desired sample size in both the two Municipalities. The results showed that 55% of the smallholder cattle farmers were beneficiaries and 45% of the smallholder cattle farmers were non-beneficiaries out of the sample size. There were more male-headed households of the beneficiaries and more female-headed households of the non-beneficiaries. An analysis of the farmers’ socio-economic characteristics further showed that the majority of the smallholder cattle farmers prefer using family labourers or household labourers in their cattle farming. The results depict that beneficiaries of the Animal Health Wise Project used 76.2% of the family labour and 23.8% of hired labourers for beneficiaries whereas for the non-beneficiaries, it was v 68.7% of the family labour and 31.3% of hired labour. Using family labour helped in minimising costs of labour. Farmers were asked a set of Likert type scale questions about their perceptions on the project. The perception index score revealed that the smallholder cattle farmers had a negative perception of it as the index score was skewed to the left with the value being 0.428. Profitability was measured through Gross Margin Analysis. The Gross Margin Analysis revealed that the mean value of the total revenue and gross margin for the beneficiaries were bigger than non-participants. This was because beneficiaries tend to sell their cattle at a higher price compared to the non-participants. Furthermore, smallholder cattle farmers that are beneficiaries tend to use the infrastructure and through that, their cattle productivity is higher resulting in higher gross margin and total revenue compared to the non-participants. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to assess the effect of cattle farmers’ socio-economic characteristic on the gross margin of the farmers in the study area. The results revealed that only 3 variables were significant. The total herd size, project participation and access to the market were significant at 1% and all had a positive effect towards the gross margin. The study suggested that there should be more infrastructural facilities that are built in other municipalities. By so doing, smallholder cattle farmers will use the facilities to improve their herd productivity and also improve their cattle’s health status. It was also recommended that there should be some training based on the use of the cattle infrastructural facilities scheme so that farmers can use the facilities effectively. Key words: Smallholder Cattle Farmers, Perception, Animal Health Wise Project, Infrastructural Facilities.
Center of Collaboration on “Economics of Agricultural Research and Development”
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Birnbaum, Ken. "Gardens in the margins how small export farmers in Costa Rica use non-traditional home gardens to buffer the economic hardships of coffee price declines /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29718085.html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67).
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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
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