Дисертації з теми "Marginal approach"
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1
Moolman, Christina Elizabeth. "Modeling the marginal revenue of water in selected agricultural commodities a panel data approach /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09162005-094852.
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2
Adam, William George. "The relationship between subglacial processes, basal ice characteristics and ice marginal moraines : a sedimentological approach." Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518415.
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Davis, Heather Monique. "Gender, crime and marginal youth, assessing an integrated theory approach to studying economic survival strategies of street youth." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55666.pdf.
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4
Zhao, Zuoxiang. "A by-production approach to studying environment-constrained technical and allocative inefficiencies and measuring marginal abatement costs : the case of China's provinces." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis employs the by-production approach to modelling pollution generating technologies to investigate production and environmental efficiencies, design consumption increasing and emission non-increasing input policy reforms, and derive a measure of marginal abatement costs in the case of China. The second chapter introduces by-production approach to modelling the pollution generating technologies. It decomposes a general pollution generating technology as classical intended production technology and nature’s residual-generation mechanism. In this chapter, some production and environmental efficiency indexes will be extended and applied under by-production approach to study China’s regional technical efficiency incorporated emission generation. According to our estimation results, some reasons analysis and policy implementation suggestions are given. The third chapter co-authored with Professor Sushama Murty proposes a model that gives a key role to the energy sector, and gives a theoretical characterisation for the existence of feasible, consumption-increasing, and emission-non increasing input policy reforms at the status-quo of a national or a sub-national economic unit. A methodology is developed to empirically test for the existence of such efficiency-improving reforms. Formulae to compute the optimal efficiency-increasing reform and a measure of marginal abatement cost (MAC) based on local policy reforms using data available at the status-quo are derived. The fourth chapter co-authored with Professor Sushama Murty implements the methodology developed in the third chapter to test the existence and to study the structure of efficiency-improving reforms using data on thirty provinces in China. A new class of limitational variable elasticity of substitution (LVES) production functions for specifying technologies of the energy-using and energy-generating sectors is introduced and two such production functions are estimated along with the conventional Cobb Douglas and CES production functions. MACs and the optimal efficiency-improving reforms are found to be sensitive to the choice of the production functions employed. There is a huge variation in MACs across provinces. The optimal efficiency-improving reform encourages a substitution from coal-fired electricity generation to gas-fired electricity and renewable energy generation for all provinces. The fifth chapter reviews China’s regional variations in electricity generation, primary energy usage, and forest cover. To better understand the China’s carbon emission control policies, we also briefly introduce the carbon emission scheme implementation. Based on these information, we incorporate the efficiency-improving reforms and MACs estimated in the fourth chapter to analyse the direction of input resources reallocation and give further recommendations for each province.
5
Wulff, Thorben Verfasser], Antje [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Boetius, and Oliver [Gutachter] Zielinski. "Physics and Ecology in the Marginal Ice Zone of the Fram Strait : a Robotic Approach / Thorben Wulff ; Gutachter: Antje Boetius, Oliver Zielinski ; Betreuer: Antje Boetius." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119290643/34.
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Lybrand, Blythe, Ginette Blackhart, Amanda Parish, and Hannah Lowe. "Investigating the Misrepresentation of Statistical Significance in Empirical Articles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In an attempt to preserve research integrity, the aim of this study is to examine how often statistical results are being misrepresented in empirical studies by using terms such as “marginally significant,” “approached significance,” or “trend toward significance” when interpreting findings. The use of these terms gives ambiguous significance to results that are in fact nonsignificant, which threatens future research by contributing to issues such as the replication crisis. For this study, data were coded from 437 empirical articles published online in The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP) over a 4-year period between 2017 and 2020. According to our findings, although misrepresentation of statistical results are prevalent within JPSP articles, rates decreased significantly over the four-year time period examined. Additionally, as the number of studies published in JPSP increased each year during the four-year period examined, there may be a potential rise in representatively sound studies and decrease of misrepresentation within this discipline.
7
Zubo, Rana H. A. "Distribution Network Operation with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources. Joint Active/Reactive Power Procurement: A Market-Based Approach for Operation of Distribution Network." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distributed generators (DGs) are proposed as a possible solution to supply
economic and reliable electricity to customers. It is adapted to overcome the
challenges that are characterized by centralized generation such as
transmission and distribution losses, high cost of fossil fuels and environmental
damage. This work presents the basic principles of integrating renewable DGs
in low voltage distribution networks and particularly focuses on the operation
of DG installations and their impacts on active and reactive power.
In this thesis, a novel technique that applies the stochastic approach for the
operation of distribution networks with considering active network
management (ANM) schemes and demand response (DR) within a joint active
and reactive distribution market environment is proposed. The projected model
is maximized based on social welfare (SW) using market-based joint active
and reactive optimal power flow (OPF). The intermittent behaviour of
renewable sources (such as solar irradiance and wind speed) and the load
demands are modelled through Scenario-Tree technique. The distributed
network frame is recast using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) that is
solved by using the GAMS software and then the obtained results are being
analysed and discussed. In addition, the impact of wind and solar power
penetration on the active and reactive distribution locational prices (D-LMPs)
within the distribution market environment is explored in terms of the
maximization of SW considering the uncertainty related to solar irradiance,
wind speed and load demands. Finally, a realistic case study (16-bus UK
generic medium voltage distribution system) is used to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that ANM schemes and
DR integration lead to an increase in the social welfare and total dispatched
active and reactive power and consequently decrease in active and reactive
D-LMPs.Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research - Iraq
The selected author's publications, the published versions of which were attached at the end of the thesis, have been removed due to copyright.
8
Parker, Jeffrey. "Palatalization and Utilization of Contrast: An Information-theoretic Investigation of Palatalization in Russian." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373292844.
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Welschinger, Rémy Léon Victor. "Les Jenischs d'Alsace : approche d'une culture nomade marginale." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La présente thèse propose une approche générale de la communauté des Jenischs d'Alsace, une communauté marginalisée, mais qui n'a à notre connaissance, pas encore fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie. Cette population, vraisemblablement de souche germanique, mais dont l'origine n'est pas déterminée de manière certaine, a pratiqué le nomadisme jusqu'à la seconde guerre mondiale, ainsi que des métiers particuliers, dont ceux de vannier ou de rémouleur. Bien que sédentarisés pour la majorité d'entre eux, les Jenischs ont su toutefois conserver des caractéristiques propres : la pratique d'une langue particulière, des activités professionnelles spécifiques, une organisation en clans familiaux et d'une manière générale, un rapport au monde qui demeure basé sur le nomadisme et les distingue et marginalise fortement. A travers l'étude de ces différentes caractéristiques, nous avons tenté de comprendre la relation heurtée que la société jenische entretient avec la population environnanteThe present thesis proposes a general approach of the community of Jenischs of Alsace, a marginalized wandering culture, located weIl, but which to our knowledge was not the subject of a thorough study yet. This population, probably of Germanic stock, but whose origin is not given in an unquestionable way, practised the nomadism to the second world war, as weIl as particular trades, of which those of basket maker or grinder. Although sedentarized for the majority of them, Jenischs knew however to preserve particular characteristics : the practice of a particular language, specific occupations, an organization as family clans and generally, a report in the world which remains based on the nomadism and strongly distinguishes them and marginalizes. Through the study of these various characteristics, we tried to understand the run up against relation that the society jenische maintains with the surrounding population
10
Miller, Ryan. "Marginal false discovery rate approaches to inference on penalized regression models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6474.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data containing large number of variables is becoming increasingly more common and sparsity inducing penalized regression methods, such the lasso, have become a popular analysis tool for these datasets due to their ability to naturally perform variable selection. However, quantifying the importance of the variables selected by these models is a difficult task. These difficulties are compounded by the tendency for the most predictive models, for example those which were chosen using procedures like cross-validation, to include substantial amounts of noise variables with no real relationship with the outcome. To address the task of performing inference on penalized regression models, this thesis proposes false discovery rate approaches for a broad class of penalized regression models. This work includes the development of an upper bound for the number of noise variables in a model, as well as local false discovery rate approaches that quantify the likelihood of each individual selection being a false discovery. These methods are applicable to a wide range of penalties, such as the lasso, elastic net, SCAD, and MCP; a wide range of models, including linear regression, generalized linear models, and Cox proportional hazards models; and are also extended to the group regression setting under the group lasso penalty. In addition to studying these methods using numerous simulation studies, the practical utility of these methods is demonstrated using real data from several high-dimensional genome wide association studies.
11
Meyer, Jan 1977. "A risk-based approach to optimal margins in ship design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M. in Ocean Systems Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-137).
by Jan Meyer.
S.M.in Ocean Systems Management
12
Chan, Yong Jie. "Margin of Maneuver Approach to Define Resilient Control Systems." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332481749.
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13
Yang, Xiaojing. "Nonlinear Control System Stability Metrics via A Singular Perturbation Approach." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1364466371.
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14
Perotto, Gérard. "Théâtre et jeu social : approche ethnométhodologique de la praxis théâtrale dans la marginalité." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quelle est la pertinence de la mediation theatrale dans des situations de marginalite? a travers quatre experiences d'insertion utilisant la pratique theatrale comme element mobilisateur et dynamiseur de l'individu, nous mettons en evidence neuf "points de rupture" qui caracterisent un individu en situation de marginalite, et sur lesquels la pratique theatrale, par le biais du jeu d'improvisation, le langage et l'excercice du corps, met en travail l'individu pour le retablir dans la conscience de soi et du progres de soiWhat is the relevance of dramatical mediation within marginal situations? through four integration experiments using drama to mobilise and dynamise the individual, we bring out nine breaking points which characterise an individual in a marginal situation and in which drama, in the form of improvised role-plays, speech and corporal expression enables the individual to work, on re-establishing self-awareness and a notion of personal progress
15
Loubet, France. "Analyse de l'impact du tourisme sur le développement des territoires ruraux marginaux : application de l'approche par les capacités à l'étude de l'espace rural rhônalpin." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalement, l'espace rural connaît une croissance démographique et de nouvelles dynamiques depuis 40 ans. Celles-ci ne sont cependant pas homogènes, et l'on peut encore parler de marginalité de certains territoires. Devant les enjeux actuels du tourisme pour les territoires, la question se pose de son rôle pour des territoires ruraux marginalisés. Comment évaluer l'impact que pourrait avoir le tourisme sur de tels territoires ? Au vu des liens identifiés par la littérature entre tourisme et développement rural, il apparaît nécessaire de recourir à un cadre théorique couplant approche territoriale et multidimensionnelle. En conséquence cette thèse mobilise à la fois les outils de l'économie territoriale et de l'approche par les capacités. L'approche par les capacités (AC) renouvelle la problématique des indicateurs et permet de prendre en compte la multiplicité des acteurs du territoire et du secteur touristique tout comme la complexité des liens. Il s'agit cependant d'un corpus théorique encore peu stabilisé qu'il est important de confronter aux données quantitatives et qualitatives. C'est pourquoi une méthodologie en deux étapes est expérimentée. La première mobilise des données secondaires (données de contexte). Dans cette première étape, l'objectif est double. Tout d'abord, identifier les territoires marginaux au sein de la région Rhône-Alpes. Ainsi, une structuration de l'espace rural est proposée (à travers la mise en œuvre d'une analyse en composantes principales) ainsi que des cartes d'aide à la décision politique. Dans une seconde étape, les résultats obtenus sont confrontés à des enquêtes de terrain réalisés auprès des acteurs des territoires. La mise en œuvre de cette méthode permet d'aboutir à différentes conclusions. D'une part sur le plan méthodologique, AC contribue à la construction d'un diagnostic à l'échelle des territoires. En effet, l'AC permet de s'interroger sur les dimensions importantes du développement sur les territoires, sur la construction d'indicateurs et enfin sur une nouvelle approche des dynamiques territoriales. D'autre part, le lien entre tourisme et développement rural est mis en évidence sous deux aspects. D'abord, son impact sur les grandes variables socio-économiques est minimisé à l'échelle des territoires ruraux marginaux. Cependant, il apparaît que le tourisme joue un rôle de catalyseur du développement local en renforçant le capital social des territoires ruraux analysés. Ainsi, une recommandation centrale peut être faite : pour favoriser le développement rural, le tourisme doit être accompagné. Le projet touristique devient alors en lui-même un catalyseur de développement local.
16
Scott, Lemuel. "Making Sense at the Margins: Describing Narratives on Food Insecurity Through Hip-hop." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neoliberalism is the contemporary political and economic thought that promotes ideas of private property, individualism, and market logic as key to advancing humanity. Scholars generally link neoliberalism to poverty from a broad perspective, but few have explored how it specifically impacts food insecurity. Globally, many people impacted by poverty also experience food insecurity. Hip-hop is important to resistance and fostering my critical worldview. Existing literature primarily describes hip-hop as a critical tool giving expression to people living at the margins. However, there is a need for hip-hop to be used more often as resistance by artists doing research. First, this study aims to understand food insecurity from the perspectives of food insecure individuals. Second, using the dominant themes from our conversations, I co-construct a hip-hop album. After conducting semi-structured interviews with 8 guests at Trinity Cafe, the analysis reveals the guests make sense of food insecurity by questioning organizations, through understanding responsibility and response-ability, and by showing active optimism. The hip-hop EP entitled Margins also emerged. Their knowledge challenges the commodification of food, complicates ideas of resilience, and foregrounds the importance of the collective. The study also provides important considerations for nonprofits and policy-makers by suggesting collaborations, intersectional approaches, and context-specific solutions are crucial.
17
Morris, Paul Edmund Neuleib Janice. "Moving grammar from the margins exploring an integrated and constructivist approach to teaching microstructure /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1251867071&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1178892538&clientId=43838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.Title from title page screen, viewed on May 11, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Janice Neuleib (chair), Paula Ressler, Ronald Strickland. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-192) and abstract. Also available in print.
18
Thomas, Deborah. "Voices from the Margins : A capability approach to social justice and inclusion in school education." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523444.
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Torkamani, MohamadAli. "Robust Large Margin Approaches for Machine Learning in Adversarial Settings." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Machine learning algorithms are invented to learn from data and to use data to perform predictions and analyses. Many agencies are now using machine learning algorithms to present services and to perform tasks that used to be done by humans. These services and tasks include making high-stake decisions. Determining the right decision strongly relies on the correctness of the input data. This fact provides a tempting incentive for criminals to try to deceive machine learning algorithms by manipulating the data that is fed to the algorithms. And yet, traditional machine learning algorithms are not designed to be safe when confronting unexpected inputs.
In this dissertation, we address the problem of adversarial machine learning; i.e., our goal is to build safe machine learning algorithms that are robust in the presence of noisy or adversarially manipulated data.
Many complex questions -- to which a machine learning system must respond -- have complex answers. Such outputs of the machine learning algorithm can have some internal structure, with exponentially many possible values. Adversarial machine learning will be more challenging when the output that we want to predict has a complex structure itself. In this dissertation, a significant focus is on adversarial machine learning for predicting structured outputs.
In this thesis, first, we develop a new algorithm that reliably performs collective classification: It jointly assigns labels to the nodes of graphed data. It is robust to malicious changes that an adversary can make in the properties of the different nodes of the graph. The learning method is highly efficient and is formulated as a convex quadratic program. Empirical evaluations confirm that this technique not only secures the prediction algorithm in the presence of an adversary, but it also generalizes to future inputs better, even if there is no adversary.
While our robust collective classification method is efficient, it is not applicable to generic structured prediction problems. Next, we investigate the problem of parameter learning for robust, structured prediction models. This method constructs regularization functions based on the limitations of the adversary in altering the feature space of the structured prediction algorithm. The proposed regularization techniques secure the algorithm against adversarial data changes, with little additional computational cost. In this dissertation, we prove that robustness to adversarial manipulation of data is equivalent to some regularization for large-margin structured prediction, and vice versa. This confirms some of the previous results for simpler problems.
As a matter of fact, an ordinary adversary regularly either does not have enough computational power to design the ultimate optimal attack, or it does not have sufficient information about the learner's model to do so. Therefore, it often tries to apply many random changes to the input in a hope of making a breakthrough. This fact implies that if we minimize the expected loss function under adversarial noise, we will obtain robustness against mediocre adversaries. Dropout training resembles such a noise injection scenario. Dropout training was initially proposed as a regularization technique for neural networks. The procedure is simple: At each iteration of training, randomly selected features are set to zero. We derive a regularization method for large-margin parameter learning based on dropout. Our method calculates the expected loss function under all possible dropout values. This method results in a simple objective function that is efficient to optimize. We extend dropout regularization to non-linear kernels in several different directions. We define the concept of dropout for input space, feature space, and input dimensions, and we introduce methods for approximate marginalization over feature space, even if the feature space is infinite-dimensional.
Empirical evaluations show that our techniques consistently outperform the baselines on different datasets.
20
Lachenmeier, Dirk W., Maria C. Przybylski, and Jürgen Rehm. "Comparative risk assessment of carcinogens in alcoholic beverages using the margin of exposure approach." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-91752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alcoholic beverages have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. As alcoholic beverages are multicomponent mixtures containing several carcinogenic compounds, a quantitative approach is necessary to compare the risks. Fifteen known and suspected human carcinogens (acetaldehyde, acrylamide, aflatoxins, arsenic, benzene, cadmium, ethanol, ethyl carbamate, formaldehyde, furan, lead, 4-methylimidazole, N-nitrosodimethylamine, ochratoxin A and safrole) occurring in alcoholic beverages were identified based on monograph reviews by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used for comparative risk assessment. MOE compares a toxicological threshold with the exposure. MOEs above 10,000 are judged as low priority for risk management action. MOEs were calculated for different drinking scenarios (low risk and heavy drinking) and different levels of contamination for four beverage groups (beer, wine, spirits and unrecorded alcohol). The lowest MOEs were found for ethanol (3.1 for low risk and 0.8 for heavy drinking). Inorganic lead and arsenic have average MOEs between 10 and 300, followed by acetaldehyde, cadmium and ethyl carbamate between 1,000 and 10,000. All other compounds had average MOEs above 10,000 independent of beverage type. Ethanol was identified as the most important carcinogen in alcoholic beverages, with clear dose response. Some other compounds (lead, arsenic, ethyl carbamate, acetaldehyde) may pose risks below thresholds normally tolerated for food contaminants, but from a cost-effectiveness point of view, the focus should be on reducing alcohol consumption in general rather than on mitigative measures for some contaminants that contribute only to a limited extent (if at all) to the total health risk.
21
Shackford, Julia Keegan. "Continuous Late Pleistocene Paleoclimate Record from the Southwest African Margin: A Multi-Proxy Approach." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04212005-174202/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Beth A. Christensen, committee chair; W. Crawford Elliott, Eirik J. Krogstad, Deborah Freile, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
22
Nys, Emmanuelle. "Service provision and bank interest margins : an adverse selection approach and risk implications for E.U. banks." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410602.
Повний текст джерела
23
Monn, Will D. "A multidisciplinary approach to reservoir characterization of the coastal Entrada erg-margin gas play, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1211.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
24
Buffoni, Caroline. "De la distance entre les visiteurs et les œuvres au sein de l'exposition muséale d'art : une approche communicationnelle des marges péri-opérales." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG1173/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche porte sur les distances qui s’établissent entre les visiteurs et les œuvres exposées au sein de l’exposition muséale d’art, précisément celles qui, tout à la fois, sont périphériques aux artefacts, sont imposées par les règlements et consignes de visite, sont délimitées par des barrières, des cordons, des socles, des rubans adhésifs au sol, entre autres choses, sont souvent maintenues par les visiteurs, sont généralement reconnues comme étant vouées à la protection des biens patrimoniaux présentés et qualifiées de « bonnes distances », de « distances respectueuses », de « limites à ne pas franchir », de « zones de sécurité », par exemple. Considérant qu’elles s’inscrivent au sein d’un dispositif médiatique, il s’agit de comprendre de quelle manière elles contribuent à ce dernier. L’étude théorique des tracés régulateurs et des marges des médias du texte soutient la construction du concept de « marges péri-opérales » permettant de qualifier les distances entre les œuvres et les visiteurs et d’émettre l’hypothèse qu’elles participent à l’exposition en remplissant plusieurs fonctions et rôles d’ordre sémiotique. L’étude théorique de l’exposition muséale d’art conduit à une approche communicationnelle des marges péri-opérales consistant à les appréhender depuis les trois processus énonciatifs au cours desquels elles sont produites et dotées de sens – soit la réglementation de la visite de l’exposition muséale, la mise en espace de l’exposition muséale, la saisie visuelle des œuvres exposées lors de la visite de l’exposition muséale. L’étude des marges péri-opérales est alors pensée en trois enquêtes dédiées respectivement à chacun des processus identifiés et reposant sur l’analyse d’ « objets » qui sont inhérents à ces processus et qui préfigurent, configurent et actualisent les marges péri-opérales – soit les règlements de visite et les interdits comportementaux, les outils de mise à distance et les marges expographiques, les comportements et les alignements des visiteurs. La première enquête permet d’établir que, telles qu’elles apparaissent dans la réglementation de la visite de l’exposition muséale, les marges péri-opérales remplissent les fonctions de mesures de protection des biens et des personnes et d’accès aux œuvres dans certaines limites physiques et le rôle de règles constitutives de la visite de l’exposition muséale d’art. La deuxième enquête permet d’avancer que, telles qu’elles se concrétisent lors de la mise en espace de l’exposition muséale, les marges péri-opérales assurent les mêmes fonctions que les signes-vecteurs d’attention et d’interprétation et les rôles de repères signalétiques et de traces matérielles d’énonciation. La troisième enquête permet de déterminer que, telles qu’elles se manifestent lors de la saisie visuelle des œuvres exposées, les marges péri-opérales endossent les fonctions des signes d’engagement dans la situation d’interaction et des propriétés situationnelles et les rôles d’indices posturaux de co-énonciation et de figures rituelles. En somme, l’étude des marges péri-opérales révèle que ces dernières participent, du fait de leurs multiples fonctions et rôles sémiotiques, au fonctionnement communicationnel et à l’opérativité socio-symbolique de l’exposition muséale d’artThe research focuses on the distances between visitors and the works exhibited in the art exhibition, specifically those that are both peripheral to the artifacts, imposed by visitor rules and regulations, bounded by barriers, cords, pedestals, floor tapes, among other things, are often maintained by visitors, are generally recognized as being destined toConsidering that they are part of a media device, it is important to understand how they contribute to the latter. The theoretical study of the regulating lines and margins of the text's media supports the construction of the concept of "peri-operative margins", making it possible to qualify the distances between works and visitors and to make the hypothesis that they participate in the exhibition by fulfilling several semiotic functions and roles. The theoretical study of the museum art exhibition leads to a communicative approach to the peri-operative margins, which consists of understanding them from the three enunciating processes in which they are produced and endowed with meaning - that is, the regulation of the visit to the museum exhibition, the setting up of the museum exhibition, and the visual capture of the works exhibited during the visit to the museum exhibition. The study of peri-operative margins is then thought out in three surveys dedicated respectively to each of the processes identified and based on the analysis of "objects" that are inherent in these processes and that prefigure, configure and update the peri-operative margins - i. e. visit regulations and behavioural prohibitions, distance tools and expographic margins, visitor behaviours and alignments.The first survey makes it possible to establish that, as they appear in the regulations governing the visit to the museum exhibition, the peri-operative margins fulfil the functions of measures for the protection of property and persons and access to works within certain physical limits and the role of rules governing the visit to the art museum exhibition. The second survey suggests that, as they materialize when the museum exhibition is set up, the peri-operal margins perform the same functions as the vector signs of attention and interpretation and the roles of signposts and physical traces of enunciation. The third survey makes it possible to determine that, as manifested in the visual capture of the exhibited works, the peri-operative margins assume the functions of signs of engagement in the interaction situation and situational properties and the roles of postural clues of co-enonciation and ritual figures.In sum, the study of the peri-operative margins reveals that, because of their multiple semiotic functions and roles, they participate in the communicational functioning and socio-symbolic operability of the art museum exhibition
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Nikolaou, Nikolaos. "Cost-sensitive boosting : a unified approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/costsensitive-boosting-a-unified-approach(ae9bb7bd-743e-40b8-b50f-eb59461d9d36).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis we provide a unifying framework for two decades of work in an area of Machine Learning known as cost-sensitive Boosting algorithms. This area is concerned with the fact that most real-world prediction problems are asymmetric, in the sense that different types of errors incur different costs. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) is one of the most well-studied and utilised algorithms in the field of Machine Learning, with a rich theoretical depth as well as practical uptake across numerous industries. However, its inability to handle asymmetric tasks has been the subject of much criticism. As a result, numerous cost-sensitive modifications of the original algorithm have been proposed. Each of these has its own motivations, and its own claims to superiority. With a thorough analysis of the literature 1997-2016, we find 15 distinct cost-sensitive Boosting variants - discounting minor variations. We critique the literature using {\em four} powerful theoretical frameworks: Bayesian decision theory, the functional gradient descent view, margin theory, and probabilistic modelling. From each framework, we derive a set of properties which must be obeyed by boosting algorithms. We find that only 3 of the published Adaboost variants are consistent with the rules of all the frameworks - and even they require their outputs to be calibrated to achieve this. Experiments on 18 datasets, across 21 degrees of cost asymmetry, all support the hypothesis - showing that once calibrated, the three variants perform equivalently, outperforming all others. Our final recommendation - based on theoretical soundness, simplicity, flexibility and performance - is to use the original Adaboost algorithm albeit with a shifted decision threshold and calibrated probability estimates. The conclusion is that novel cost-sensitive boosting algorithms are unnecessary if proper calibration is applied to the original.
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Do, Hoan. "Parameter Recovery for the Four-Parameter Unidimensional Binary IRT Model: A Comparison of Marginal Maximum Likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approaches." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1616202942083398.
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Holst, Joshua. "Development and Conflict at the Ecological Margins: Grassroots Approaches to Democracy and Natural Resources." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How can politically and ecologically vulnerable groups come to productively govern the development process? The current environmental crisis is felt most intensely by marginalized groups whose livelihoods, food security, and health are threatened as development-driven environmental problems increase. This study looks at the intersection between the state, the economy, and the grassroots as key decision-makers shape the development trajectory: environmental factions of the rebels-turned-politicians in Aceh, Indonesia, the pro-autonomy indigenous movement in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and pro-democracy insurgents in the United States. The subsequent chapters track and analyze the varied fates of insurgents in each site as they attempt to democratize the state and acquire control over local ecologies. The conclusion explores these movements as the tip of a much deeper iceberg of conflict between extractive development and anti-colonialism.
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Constantin, Alexandre S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A margin-based approach to vehicle threat assessment in a homotopy framework for semi-autonomous highway navigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-145).
This thesis describes the design of an unified framework for threat assessment and the shared control between a human driver and the onboard controller, based on the notion of fields of safe travel. It allows to perform corridor navigation, trajectory planning, threat assessment and driving assistance in hazardous situations. A new approach to the threat assessment problem is introduced, based upon the estimation of the control freedom afforded to a vehicle. Given sensor information of the surrounding environment, an algorithm first identifies corridors of travel through which the vehicle can safely navigate. The second stage then consists in assessing the potential threat posed to the vehicle in each identified corridor thanks to a metric associated with available control margin. For this purpose, the fields of safe travel are associated with sets of homotopic trajectories generated either from a lattice sampled in the vehicles input space or from a conformal state lattice. This level of threat is the keystone of the system and serves as input to influence autonomous navigation or driver support inputs. The semi-autonomous control system aims to honor safe driver inputs while ensuring safe and robust navigation properties. It ideally operates only during instances of significant threat: it should give a driver full control of the vehicle in "low threat" situations but apply appropriate levels of computer-controlled actuator effort during "high threat" situations. This approach preserves the freedom of control of the human driver when he/she remains within a safe navigable corridor, and adjust the vehicle trajectory when its predicted future state falls out of a safe field, or when the lowest threat exceeds some threshold. In fully autonomous mode, this human-inspired motion planning approach ensures collision free navigation and driving comfort.
by Alexandre Constantin.
S.M.
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Lachenmeier, Dirk, Claudia Baumung, Jürgen Rehm, and Heike Franke. "Comparative risk assessment of tobacco smoke constituents using the margin of exposure approach: the neglected contribution of nicotine." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nicotine was not included in previous efforts to identify the most important toxicants of tobacco smoke. A health risk assessment of nicotine for smokers of cigarettes was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach and results were compared to literature MOEs of various other tobacco toxicants. The MOE is defined as ratio between toxicological threshold (benchmark dose) and estimated human intake. Dose-response modelling of human and animal data was used to derive the benchmark dose. The MOE was calculated using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations for daily cigarette smokers. Benchmark dose values ranged from 0.004 mg/kg bodyweight for symptoms of intoxication in children to 3 mg/kg bodyweight for mortality in animals; MOEs ranged from below 1 up to 7.6 indicating a considerable consumer risk. The dimension of the MOEs is similar to those of other tobacco toxicants with high concerns relating to adverse health effects such as acrolein or formaldehyde. Owing to the lack of toxicological data in particular relating to cancer, long term animal testing studies for nicotine are urgently necessary. There is immediate need of action concerning the risk of nicotine also with regard to electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.
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Ai, Fei [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Kopf, and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Mörz. "Slope stability along active and passive continental margins: a geotechnical approach / Fei Ai. Gutachter: Achim Kopf ; Tobias Mörz. Betreuer: Achim Kopf." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072077620/34.
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Jaouani, Atef. "Etude de la dépollution d'un effluent riche en polyphénols, approche physico-chimique et biologique du cas des margines de l'huile d'olive." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211168.
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Barrellon, Vincent. "A generic approach towards the collaborative construction of digital scholarly editions." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI113/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les éditions critiques numériques sont des ressources patrimoniales annotées, sous une forme numérique. De telles éditions prennent la forme d'une transcription des ressources originales, augmentées d'un apparat critique, c'est-à-dire, la forme de données structurées. Dans un contexte collaboratif, a structure de ces données est définie explicitement par un schéma, document interprétable qui contraint la manière dont les éditeurs vont pouvoir annoter les ressources primaires et va de ce fait garantir une certaine homogénéité dans le respect de la politique éditoriale. Les projets d'édition critique numérique font classiquement face à deux problèmes techniques. Le premier a à voir avec l'expressivité des langages d'annotation, qui empêchent l'expression de certaines informations utiles. La seconde tient au fait que, par expérience, les schémas qui sous-tendent une édition critique vont être amenés à évoluer au cours de la réalisation de cette édition ; cependant, modifier le schéma implique qu'il faille mettre à jour l'intégralité des données structurées validées par ce schéma, ce qui est habituellement effectué à la main par les éditeurs, au moyen de scripts ad-hoc – si les éditeurs, faute de moyens ou de temps, ne renoncent pas à faire évoluer la structure de données. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous définissons les fondements théoriques pour l'établissement d'un système éditorial dédié à l'édition critique numérique. Nous définissons les eAG, un modèle d'annotation déporté basé sur un formalisme de graphes cycliques, autorisant a plus grande expressivité. Nous définissons un mécanisme de schéma innovant, SeAG, permettant la validation à la volée des eAG au cours de leur manufacture. Nous définissons également une syntaxe de balisage présentant des similarités avec les langages d'annotation classiques comme XML, tout en préservant l'expressivité des eAG. Enfin, nous proposons une algèbre bidirectionnelle pour les eAG de telle sorte que, si un SeAG S est transformé en un SeAG S', alors tout eAG I validé par S est traduit de manière semi-automatique sous la forme d'un eAG I', validé par S', et tel que toute mise à jour de I (respectivement I') soit propagé, de manière semi-automatique, sur I' (resp. I)Digital Scholarly Editions are critically annotated patrimonial literary resources, in a digital form. Such editions roughly take the shape of a transcription of the original resources, augmented with critical information, that is, of structured data. In a collaborative setting, the structure of the data is explicitly defined in a schema, an interpretable document that governs the way editors annotate the original resources and guarantees they follow a common editorial policy. Digital editorial projects classically face two technical problems. The first has to do with the expressiveness of the annotation languages, that prevents from expressing some kinds of information. The second relies in the fact that, historically, schemas of long-running digital edition projects have to evolve during the lifespan of the project. However, amending a schema implies to update the structured data that has been produced, which is done either by hand, by means of ad-hoc scripts, or abandoned by lack of technical skills or human resources. In this work, we define the theoretical ground for an annotation system dedicated to scholarly edition. We define eAG, a stand-off annotation model based on a cyclic graph model, enabling the widest range of annotation. We define a novel schema language, SeAG, that permits to validate eAG documents on-the-fly, while they are being manufactured. We also define an inline markup syntax for eAG, reminiscent of the classic annotation languages like XML, but retaining the expressivity of eAG. Eventually, we propose a bidirectional algebra for eAG documents so that, when a SeAG S is amended, giving S', an eAG I validated by S is semi-automatically translated into an eAG I' validated by S', and so that any modification applied to I (resp. I') is semi-automatically propagated to I' (resp. I) – hence working as an assistance tool for the evolution of SeAG schemas and eAG annotations
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Karaca, Deniz [Verfasser]. "Quantification of methane fluxes and authigenic carbonate formation at cold seeps along the continental margin offshore Costa Rica: A numerical modeling approach. / Deniz Karaca." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155760743/34.
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Baby, Guillaume. "Mouvements verticaux des marges passives d’Afrique australe depuis 130 Ma, étude couplée : stratigraphie de bassin : analyse des formes du relief." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S009/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le plateau sud-africain (ou Kalahari) est le plateau anorogénique le plus grand au monde. Sa très grande longueur d’onde (×1000 km) et son altitude moyenne élevée (1000-1500 m) impliquent des processus mantelliques. La cinétique et l’origine de ce relief sont mal comprises. D’un côté, les études géomorphologiques le considèrent comme un relief mis en place à la fin de l’intervalle Cénozoïque (<30 Ma). A l’inverse, les données thermochronologiques montrent deux phases de dénudation pendant l’intervalle crétacé, corrélées à des phases d’accélération du flux silicoclastique sur les marges, qui suggèrent qu’il s’agirait d’un relief plus ancien hérité du Crétacé supérieur. Peu d’études ont porté sur l’évolution du système terre-mer depuis le bassin versant en érosion aux marges en sédimentation. Ce travail de thèse repose donc sur une double approche : une analyse géomorphologique des formes du relief (surfaces d’aplanissement) à terre, basée sur leur (i) cartographie, (ii) chronologie relative, (iii) relation avec les profils d’altération et (iv) datation au moyen des placages sédimentaires et du volcanisme datés qui les fossilisent ; une analyse stratigraphique de l’intervalle post-rift des marges, basée sur l’interprétation de données de sub-surface (lignes sismiques et puits), réévaluées en âge (biostratigraphie), pour (i) identifier, dater et mesurer les déformations des marges et de leur relief amont , (ii) mesurer les flux silicoclastiques, produits de l’érosion continentale. Un calendrier et une cartographie des déformations ont été obtenus sur les marges et mis en relation avec les différentes générations de surfaces d’aplanissement étagées qui caractérisent le relief du plateau sud-africain. Au moins deux périodes de déformation ont été identifiées au Crétacé supérieur (92-70 Ma) et à l’Oligocène (30-15 Ma). L’évolution est la suivante : 100 - 70 Ma (Cénomanien à Campanien) : plateau à très grande longueur d’onde, peu élevé (0-500 m), bordé à l’est par des reliefs plus hauts et plus anciens le long des marges indiennes, qui agissent comme une ligne de partage des eaux entre l’océan Atlantique et l’océan Indien. La déformation est initiée à l’est avec une flexuration brève, à grande longueur d’onde, des marges indiennes aux alentours de ~92Ma. Cette première surrection marque un paroxysme d’érosion enregistré par la mise en place d’un delta géant sur la marge atlantique (delta de l’Orange). La déformation migre ensuite vers l’ouest avec la croissance du bourrelet marginal atlantique entre 81 et 70 Ma. Le relief acquiert sa configuration actuelle comme l’indique une diminution du flux silicoclastique sur la marge atlantique qui traduit un changement majeur du système de drainage ; 70-30 Ma (Crétacé terminal-Paléogène) : période d’apparente non déformation. Le relief est fossilisé et intensément altéré (latérites) ; 30-15 Ma (Oligocène - Miocène inférieur) : deuxième surrection du plateau sud-africain qui acquière sa topographie actuelle. La déformation semble plus importante à l’est du plateau - flexure des marges nord indiennes initiée à ~25 Ma qui alimente les grands deltas de l’océan Indien (Zambèze, Limpopo, Tugela) ; le relief est fossilisé à partir du Miocène moyen, synchrone d’une aridification majeure de l’Afrique australeThe South African (Kalahari) Plateau is the world's largest non-orogenic plateau. It forms a large-scale topographic anomaly (×1000 km) which rises from sea level to > 1000 m. Most mechanisms proposed to explain its elevation gain imply mantle processes. The age of the uplift and the different steps of relief growth are still debated. On one hand, a Late Cretaceous uplift is supported both by thermochronological studies and sedimentary flux quantifications. On the other hand, geomorphological studies suggest a Late Cenozoic uplift scenario (<30 Ma). However few attentions were paid to the evolution of the overall geomorphic system, from the upstream erosional system to the downstream depositional system. This study is based on two different approaches : onshore, on the mapping and chronology of all the macroforms (weathering surfaces and associated alterites, pediments and pediplains, incised rivers, wave-cut platforms) dated by intersection with the few preserved sediments and the volcanics (mainly kimberlites pipes) ; offshore, on a more classical dataset of seismic lines and petroleum wells, coupled with biostratigraphic revaluations (characterization and dating of vertical movements of the margins - sediment volume measurement). The main result of this study is that the South African Plateau is an old Upper Cretaceous relief (90-70 Ma) reactivated during Oligocene (30-15 Ma) times. Its evolution can be summarized as follows : 100-70 Ma (Cenomanian to Campanian): low elevation plateau (0-500 m) with older and higher reliefs located along the Indian side, acting as a main divide between the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. First uplift occurred in the east at ~92 Ma, with a fast flexuration of the Indian margins. This initiates a paroxysm of the erosion (90-80 Ma) with the growth of a large delta along the Atlantic margin (Orange delta). Deformation migrated progressively westward and resulted on the growth of the Atlantic marginal bulge between 81 and 70 Ma. Most of the present-day relief was probably created at this time. This is supported by the decrease of the sedimentary flux which suggests a reorganisation of the interior drainage pattern ; 70-30 Ma (Uppermost Cretaceous-Paleogene): most of the relief is fossilized and weathered - relative tectonic quiescence ; 0-15 Ma (Oligocene-Early Miocene): second period of the South African Plateau uplift. Most of the deformation took place along the Indian side of the Plateau (strike flexure) feeding the Zambezi, Limpopo and Tugela deltas ; since at least Middle Miocene times, all those reliefs have been fossilized, with very low erosion rates (x1m/Ma), in response to the major aridification of southern Africa
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Grabaskas, David. "Efficient Approaches to the Treatment of Uncertainty in Satisfying Regulatory Limits." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345464067.
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Gharbi, Mohamed. "Relationship between the southern Atlas foreland and the eastern margin of Tunisia (Chotts-Gulf of Gabes) : tectono-sedimentary, fault kinematics and balanced cross section approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4340/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'architecture structurale de l’avant-pays sud atlasique tunisien est caractérisée par un style tectonique mixte résultant de la réactivation de failles normales connectées avec le socle, de la mise en place de décollements dans la couverture sédimentaire ainsi que d’un diapirisme non négligeable. La géométrie et l’orientation des structures extensives préexistantes, issues du rifting Trias à Turonien, contrôlent la déformation de la couverture sédimentaire au cours des phases compressives d’âge fini-mésozoïque et cénozoïque. En effet, la marge tunisienne a enregistrée une longue période de rifting, de la fin du Permien-Trias jusqu’au Turonien. Une inversion tectonique s’est initiée probablement pendant le Crétacé supérieur. Les compressions tectoniques tertiaires se sont produites au cours de trois périodes: l’Eocène, le Mio-Pliocène et le Plio-Quaternaire. Notre étude montre une variation temporel du champ de contrainte régional, d’un régime tectonique compressif de direction NW-SE d’âge Mio-Pliocène à un régime tectonique compressif de direction N-S à NNE-SSW d’âge Quaternaire à l’actuel. Ce changement de régime tectonique a lieu, soit à la fin du Pliocène, soit au début du Quaternaire. Et une variation spatiale du champ de contrainte, de la compression (Domaine atlasique de la Tunisie) à la transtension (Golfe de Gabès), semble se faire progressivement du Nord vers le Sud-Est. Cette étude souligne le rôle prépondérant des failles profondes héritées et acquises au cours de l'évolution de la marge passive sud téthysienne. Dans ce domaine, la restauration de notre coupe équilibrée montre un raccourcissement modéré en surface de l’ordre de 8.1 km (~7,3%)The structural architecture of the Tunisian foreland consists in a mixed tectonic style with deep-seated basement faults, shallower décollements within sedimentary cover and salt diapirism. Structural geometry and orientation of the pre-existing Triassic-Turonian extensional structures controlled subsequent contractional deformation within the sedimentary cover. The rifting of the margin started in the late Permian–Triassic and continued up to the Turonian. From the inversion of the successive compressions, the development of ENE-trending thrust-related anticlines such as the Orbata and Chemsi structures are controlled by the reactivation of the inherited Mesozoic faults. Geologic data from this region indicate that the positive tectonic inversion occurred probably during Late Cretaceous period. The Cenozoic tectonic compressions in the southern Atlassic domain occurred during three periods: Late Eocene, Late Miocene and Plio-Quaternary. The Fault kinematic analysis reveals a temporal change in states of stress that occurred during the Late Cenozoic. A paleostress (Miocene-Pliocene) state is characterized by a regional compressional tectonic regime with a mean N134±09°E trending compressional axis (σ1). A modern (Quaternary to present-day) state of stress also corresponds to compressional tectonic regime with a regionally mean N05±10°E trending horizontal σ1. This study underlines the predominant role of inherited basement structures acquired during the evolution of the southern Tethyan margin, and their influence on the geometry of the Atlassic fold-and-thrust belt. At the southern Atlas of Tunisia our restoration shows a surface shortening of ~8.1 km (~7.3%)
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Darfeuil, Sophie. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des paléothermomètres moléculaires Uk'37 et TEX86 : apports d'une double approche données-modèles appliquée à la marge ibérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4363/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif de ma thèse est de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de deux proxies de température de surface de l’océan (SST), les indices Uk’37 et TEX86, notamment en terme de saison et de profondeur de production des alcènones et des tétraéthers sur lesquels ils reposent, au cours des 160 000 dernières années au niveau de la marge ibérique. L’originalité de ce projet de thèse réside dans sa double approche, avec d’une part l’acquisition des enregistrements sédimentaires, et d’autre part l’utilisation d’un outil de modélisation régionale couplée physique-biogéochimie pour simuler ces proxies sous 3 modes climatiques : au présent, lors du dernier maximum glaciaire, et lors d’événements de Heinrich. La confrontation des résultats des biomarqueurs avec ceux de tests de scénarios de production par la modélisation ont conduit aux conclusions suivantes. L’Uk’37 enregistre bien des SSTs moyennes annuelles, alors que le TEX86 présente a priori des températures beaucoup trop élevées pour cette zone. La formulation d’une calibration régionale pour le TEX86 permet d’obtenir des SSTs moyennes annuelles cohérentes. Le meilleur endroit de la marge ibérique pour appliquer ces deux paléothermomètres est le site de Shackleton. Après analyse fine des timings des signaux multiproxies, le TEX86 semble être produit à des profondeurs intermédiaires, potentiellement par des communautés d’Archées d’origine méditerranéenne. Les variations de gradients thermiques latitudinaux ont été quantifiées, et des réorganisations de masses d’eaux de surface et intermédiaire au niveau de la marge ibérique ont été envisagées selon le climat glaciaire/interglaciaire lors des évènements de type HeinrichMy PhD project aims at better understanding the functioning of both organic proxies of sea surface temperature (SST), Uk’37 and TEX86, especially in terms of season and depth of alkenone and tetraether production, over the last 160 000 years on the Iberian Margin. The originality of this project lies in its double approach: on the one hand, with the acquisition of Uk’37 and TEX86 sedimentary records from the Iberian Margin, and on the other hand with the use of a coupled physics-biogeochemistry regional model to simulate these temperature proxies for 3 climate modes: at present, during the last glacial maximum, and during Heinrich Stadials. The comparison of biomarker results with those from modeling tests of production scenarios provided the following conclusions. Uk’37 does record annual mean SSTs, whereas TEX86 shows a priori too high temperature for this area. The formulation of a regional calibration for TEX86 index enables to obtain coherent past annual mean SSTs. The best location to apply both paleothermometers on the Iberian Margin is the Shackleton site. After refined analysis of multiproxy signal timings, TEX86 production seems to take place at intermediate depth, potentially by archaean communities coming from the Mediterranean Sea. Latitudinal thermal gradient variations are quantified, and glacial/interglacial surface and intermediate water masses reorganizations during 'Heinrich like' events are considered
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Laborde, Maxime. "Systèmes de particules en interaction, approche par flot de gradient dans l'espace de Wasserstein." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED014/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis l’article fondateur de Jordan, Kinderlehrer et Otto en 1998, il est bien connu qu’une large classe d’équations paraboliques peuvent être vues comme des flots de gradient dans l’espace de Wasserstein. Le but de cette thèse est d’étendre cette théorie à certaines équations et systèmes qui n’ont pas exactement une structure de flot de gradient. Les interactions étudiées sont de différentes natures. Le premier chapitre traite des systèmes avec des interactions non locales dans la dérive. Nous étudions ensuite des systèmes de diffusions croisées s’appliquant aux modèles de congestion pour plusieurs populations. Un autre modèle étudié est celui où le couplage se trouve dans le terme de réaction comme les systèmes proie-prédateur avec diffusion ou encore les modèles de croissance tumorale. Nous étudierons enfin des systèmes de type nouveau où l’interaction est donnée par un problème de transport multi-marges. Une grande partie de ces problèmes est illustrée de simulations numériquesSince 1998 and the seminal work of Jordan, Kinderlehrer and Otto, it is well known that a large class of parabolic equations can be seen as gradient flows in the Wasserstein space. This thesis is devoted to extensions of this theory to equations and systems which do not have exactly a gradient flow structure. We study different kind of couplings. First, we treat the case of nonlocal interactions in the drift. Then, we study cross diffusion systems which model congestion for several species. We are also interested in reaction-diffusion systems as diffusive prey-predator systems or tumor growth models. Finally, we introduce a new class of systems where the interaction is given by a multi-marginal transport problem. In many cases, we give numerical simulations to illustrate our theorical results
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Archambeaud, Gait. "L'Afghanistan et le langage de l'égalité : une approche poïétique du contrat social sur une zone de fracture du système-monde." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Engagée en Afghanistan depuis plus de dix ans, l'intervention internationale a fondé son argumentaire sur la reconstruction d'institutions à modèle démocratique, selon des concepts généralisés en Occident depuis le 18ème siècle et parmi eux le principe d'égalité. Ce modèle avait présidé aux évolutions socio-politiques voulues par les Emirs tout au long du 20ème siècle, mais abouti au chaos dans trois décennies d'un conflit en cours depuis les années 1970 avec des adversaires toujours renouvelés. Tribalisme et modernité - en tant qu'idéologie, dans leurs manifestations en Afghanistan, mettent en oeuvre la prévalence d'un mode social d'opposition, dont la domination sur une société provoque la parcellisation ou la destruction et répond aux revendications d'égalité par l'honneur des groupes. Leur conséquence est le traditionalisme prégnant dans les communautés, contraintes par le sentiment d'insécurité à l'uniformisation dans l'égale insignifiance de l'individu. Cependant, l'hospitalité et la recherche de réparation sont des normes sociales visant au dépassement du sentiment d'insécurité ; elles sont la réponse afghane à la recherche d'égale dignité au bénéfice de tous. Pour peu que les conditions de sécurité en permettent la primauté comme mode social dominant, l'honneur d'être humain est le composant fondamental d'une société ouverte et évolutive. L'emphase sécuritaire et dogmatique des programmes internationaux tend néanmoins à conforter les réflexes tribalo-traditionalistes, dans un engrenage de violence qui recherche un équilibre des groupes plutôt que l'expression d'initiatives créatives et originales - comme la mise en place de systèmes de solidarité universels qui libèreraient les individus de leurs allégeances aux groupes. Seuls de tels maximins pourraient dépasser les blocages inégalitaires inscrits dans la position géo-stratégique du pays sur une faille du système-monde.
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Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
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MacFarlane, Theodore Pacelli. "A new attitude towards upgrading marginal settlements : a community approach." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19249.
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Ko, Chih-Chiang, and 柯志強. "The Application of Marginal Conditional Stochastic Dominance Approach in Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74935144422183849597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
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This thesis studies the strategy of choosing portfolio in equity market, based on the Marginal Conditional Stochastic Dominance（MCSD）method proposed by Shalit and Yitzhaki（2010）. MCSD suggests that investors can increase their expected utility by buying dominant stocks and selling dominated stock. This thesis uses the data from Taiwan market to test the suggestion. By analyzing ETF 50 index, we find out that the empirical results are consistent with that of Shalit and Yitzhaki.
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Ferdous, Nazneen. "A new estimation approach for modeling activity-travel behavior : applications of the composite marginal likelihood approach in modeling multidimensional choices." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research in the field of travel demand modeling is driven by the need to understand individuals’ behavior in the context of travel-related decisions as accurately as possible. In this regard, the activity-based approach to modeling travel demand has received substantial attention in the past decade, both in the research arena as well as in practice. At the same time, recent efforts have been focused on more fully realizing the potential of activity-based models by explicitly recognizing the multi-dimensional nature of activity-travel decisions. However, as more behavioral elements/dimensions are added, the dimensionality of the model systems tends to explode, making the estimation of such models all but infeasible using traditional inference methods. As a result, analysts and practitioners often trade-off between recognizing attributes that will make a model behaviorally more representative (from a theoretical viewpoint) and being able to estimate/implement a model (from a practical viewpoint).
An alternative approach to deal with the estimation complications arising from multi-dimensional choice situations is the technique of composite marginal likelihood (CML). This is an estimation technique that is gaining substantial attention in the statistics field, though there has been relatively little coverage of this method in transportation and other fields. The CML approach is a conceptually and pedagogically simpler simulation-free procedure (relative to traditional approaches that employ simulation techniques), and has the advantage of reproducibility of the results. Under the usual regularity assumptions, the CML estimator is consistent, unbiased, and asymptotically normally distributed.
The discussion above indicates that the CML approach has the potential to contribute in the area of travel demand modeling in a significant way. For example, the approach can be used to develop conceptually and behaviorally more appealing models to examine individuals’ travel decisions in a joint framework. The overarching goal of the current research work is to demonstrate the applicability of the CML approach in the area of activity-travel demand modeling and to highlight the enhanced features of the choice models estimated using the CML approach. The goal of the dissertation is achieved in three steps as follows: (1) by evaluating the performance of the CML approach in multivariate situations, (2) by developing multidimensional choice models using the CML approach, and (3) by demonstrating applications of the multidimensional choice models developed in the current dissertation.text
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Mekaroonreung, Maethee. "Production Economics Modeling and Analysis of Polluting firms: The Production Frontier Approach." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As concern grows about energy and environment issues, energy and environmental modeling and related policy analysis are critical issues for today's society. Polluting firms such as coal power plants play an important role in providing electricity to drive the U.S. economy as well as producing pollution that damages the environment and human health. This dissertation is intended to model and estimate polluting firms' production using nonparametric methods. First, frontier production function of polluting firms is characterized by weak disposability between outputs and pollutants to reflecting the opportunity cost to reduce pollutants. The StoNED method is extended to estimate a weak disposability frontier production function accounting for random noise in the data. The method is applied to the U.S. coal power plants under the Acid Rain Program to find the average technical inefficiency and shadow price of SO2 and NOx. Second, polluting firms' production processes are modeled characterizing both the output production process and the pollution abatement process. Using the law of conservation of mass applied to the pollution abatement process, this dissertation develops a new frontier pollutant function which then is used to find corresponding marginal abatement cost of pollutants. The StoNEZD method is applied to estimate a frontier pollutant function considering the vintage of capital owned by the polluting firms. The method is applied to estimate the average NOx marginal abatement cost for the U.S. coal power plants under the current Clean Air Interstate Rule NOx program. Last, the effect of a technical change on marginal abatement costs are investigated using an index decomposition technique. The StoNEZD method is extended to estimate sequential frontier pollutant functions reflecting the innovation in pollution reduction. The method is then applied to estimate a technical change effect on a marginal abatement cost of the U.S. coal power plants under the current Clean Air Interstate Rule NOx program.
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Zubo, Rana H. A., Geev Mokryani, Haile S. Rajamani, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, and Yim Fun Hu. "Stochastic approach for active and reactive power management in distribution networks." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
YesIn this paper, a stochastic method is proposed to assess the amount of active and reactive power that can be injected/absorbed to/from grid within a distribution market environment. Also, the impact of wind power penetration on the reactive and active distribution-locational marginal prices is investigated. Market-based active and reactive optimal power flow is used to maximize the social welfare considering uncertainties related to wind speed and load demand. The uncertainties are modeled by Scenario-based approach. The proposed model is examined with 16-bus UK generic distribution system.
Supported by the Higher Education Ministry of Iraqi government.
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Zubo, R. H. A., Geev Mokryani, Haile S. Rajamani, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, and Yim Fun Hu. "Stochastic approach for active and reactive power management in distribution networks." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
YesIn this paper, a stochastic method is proposed to assess the amount of active and reactive power that can be injected/absorbed to/from grid within a distribution market environment. Also, the impact of wind power penetration on the reactive and active distribution-locational marginal prices is investigated. Market-based active and reactive optimal power flow is used to maximize the social welfare considering uncertainties related to wind speed and load demand. The uncertainties are modeled by Scenario-based approach. The proposed model is examined with 16-bus UK generic distribution system.
Supported by the Higher Education Ministry of Iraqi government.
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Zubo, Rana H. A., and Geev Mokryani. "Active distribution network operation: A market-based approach." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18489.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
YesThis article proposes a novel technique for operation of distribution networks with considering active network management (ANM) schemes and demand response (DR) within a joint active and reactive distribution market environment. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize social welfare using market-based joint active and reactive optimal power flow. First, the intermittent behavior of renewable sources (solar irradiance, wind speed) and load demands is modeled through scenario-tree technique. Then, a network frame is recast using mixed-integer linear programming, which is solvable using efficient off-the-shelf branch-and cut solvers. Additionaly, this article explores the impact of wind and solar power penetration on the active and reactive distribution locational prices within the distribution market environment with integration of ANM schemes and DR. A realistic case study (16-bus UK generic medium voltage distribution system) is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research in Iraq and in part by British Academy under Grant GCRFNGR3\1541.
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Mokryani, Geev, Yim Fun Hu, P. Papadopoulos, T. Niknam, and J. Aghaei. "A deterministic approach for active distribution networks planning with high penetration of wind and solar power." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
YesIn this paper, a novel deterministic approach for the planning of active distribution networks within a distribution market environment considering multi-configuration of wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells is proposed. Multi-configuration multi-period market-based optimal power flow is utilized for maximizing social welfare taking into account uncertainties associated with wind speed, solar irradiance and load demand as well as different operational status of WTs and PVs. Multi-period scenarios method is exploited to model the aforementioned uncertainties. The proposed approach assesses the effect of multiple-configuration of PVs and WTs on the amount of wind and solar power that can be produced, the distribution locational marginal prices all over the network and on the social welfare. The application of the proposed approach is examined on a 30-bus radial distribution network.
This work was supported in part by the Royal Academy of Engineering Distinguished Visiting Fellowship Grant DVF1617/6/45 and by the University of Bradford, UK under the CCIP grant 66052/000000.
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De, Freitas Allan. "A Monte-Carlo approach to dominant scatterer tracking of a single extended target in high range-resolution radar." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In high range-resolution (HRR) radar systems, the returns from a single target may fall in multiple
adjacent range bins which individually vary in amplitude. A target following this representation is
commonly referred to as an extended target and results in more information about the target. However,
extracting this information from the radar returns is challenging due to several complexities.
These complexities include the single dimensional nature of the radar measurements, complexities
associated with the scattering of electromagnetic waves, and complex environments in which radar
systems are required to operate. There are several applications of HRR radar systems which extract
target information with varying levels of success. A commonly used application is that of imaging
referred to as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging. These techniques
combine multiple single dimension measurements in order to obtain a single two dimensional image.
These techniques rely on rotational motion between the target and the radar occurring during the
collection of the single dimension measurements. In the case of ISAR, the radar is stationary while
motion is induced by the target.
There are several difficulties associated with the unknown motion of the target when standard Doppler
processing techniques are used to synthesise ISAR images. In this dissertation, a non-standard Dop-pler approach, based on Bayesian inference techniques, was considered to address the difficulties.
The target and observations were modelled with a non-linear state space model. Several different
Bayesian techniques were implemented to infer the hidden states of the model, which coincide with
the unknown characteristics of the target. A simulation platform was designed in order to analyse
the performance of the implemented techniques. The implemented techniques were capable of successfully
tracking a randomly generated target in a controlled environment. The influence of varying
several parameters, related to the characteristics of the target and the implemented techniques, was
explored. Finally, a comparison was made between standard Doppler processing and the Bayesian
methods proposed.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
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Huebner, Alan Randall. "Modeling correlated ordinal data : marginal and conditional approaches /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6892. Adviser: Douglas G. Simpson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.