Книги: "Marginal approach"

1

Mariana, Mondini, Muñoz Sebastián, and Wickler Stephen, eds. Colonisation, migration and marginal areas: A zooarchaeological approach. Oxford: Oxbow, 2004.

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2

Hart, Robert A. The employment and hours effects of a marginal employment subsidy: A microeconomic approach. Stirling: University of Stirling, 1986.

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3

Twaddle, Sara. Improving gynaecology services within existing resources: A programme budgeting and marginal analysis approach. Glasgow: Scottish Forum for Public Health Medicine, 1994.

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4

Jacobi, Lena. Does marginal employment substitute regular employment?: A heterogeneous dynamic labor demand approach for Germany. Essen: RWI, 2008.

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5

Marginal cost in the new economy: A proposal for a uniform approach to policy evaluations. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2003.

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6

Gupta, Manish. Estimation of marginal abatement costs for undesirable outputs in India's power generation sector: An output distance function approach. New Delhi: Publications Unit, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, 2005.

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7

Diarmuid, Ó Cearbhaill, and University College Galway, eds. New approaches to the development of marginal regions: 8th International Seminar on Marginal Regions, in Association with University College, Galway. [Galway: University College, Galway?], 1986.

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8

(Editor), Mariana Mondini, Sebastian Munoz (Editor), and Stephen Wickler (Editor), eds. Colonization, Migration, and Marginal Areas: A Zooarchaeological Approach (Proceedings of the 9th ICAZ Conference). David Brown Book Company, 2004.

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9

Conkling, Roger L. Marginal Cost in the New Economy: A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations. M.E. Sharpe, 2004.

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10

Conkling, Roger L. Marginal Cost in the New Economy: A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315702568.

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11

Conkling, Roger L. Marginal Cost in the Economy: A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations (Economic Policy). M.E. Sharpe, 2004.

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12

Marginal Approach to Joint Cost Allocation: To Joint Cost Allocation : Theory and Application (Studies in Accounting Research, Vol 29). American Accounting Association, 1988.

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13

Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Certainty Equivalence Model. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0004.

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The model known as “certainty equivalence” is obtained when the marginal utility of consumption is linear. This approach allows a closed-form solution for consumption even with uncertainty, but the model also has a number of unrealistic features, notably the postulates that consumers do not respond to increases in risk and that preferences are characterized by increasing risk aversion and the existence of a “bliss point” in consumption. In the first part of the chapter we derive the Euler equation for consumption under uncertainty. We then study optimal consumption decisions with linear marginal utility and discuss the model’s implications for saving and for consumption inequality.

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14

UNEP marginal settlement improvement projects in Bandung and Surabaya: Report of the consultant for monitoring and evaluation for the period April-September 1979 : report according to U.N. contract IESA 79 35 01 concerning United Nations Environment Program, Project 0104-76-03 (897) integrated approach for improving slums and marginal settlements in Indonesia. Bandung, Indonesia: [s.n., 1990.

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15

Bogg, Alan, and Sarah Green. Depression in the Workplace. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses depression in the workplace from the perspective of employment law. Despite the myth that people with mental illness are unable to work, it is almost certain most working people will be working alongside someone who has experienced mental illness. The idea that mental health at work is a marginal concern is no longer sustainable, and reflects ingrained fears and prejudices about the ‘otherness’ of mental illness. The legal framework regulating employment is important in ensuring that work and employment have a constructive part to play in public health strategies to promote mental health and well-being. There are several avenues of legal protection available to those with mental illness such as depression. This chapter explores three regulatory approaches to depression at work that should be regarded as complementary, each with a distinctive contribution to achieving the so-called ‘inclusive workplace’ for those with mental health problems such as depression: the private law approach, the equality law approach, and the labour standards approach.

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16

Waddell, Calum. The Style of Sleaze. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409254.001.0001.

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What is an exploitation film? The Style of Sleaze reasons that the aesthetic and thematic approach of the key texts within three distinct exploitation demarcations - blaxploitation, horror and sexploitation - indicate a concurrent evolution of filmmaking that could be seen as an identifiable cinematic movement. Offering a fresh perspective on studies of marginal cinema, The Style of Sleaze maintains that defining exploitation cinema as a vaguely attributed 'excess' is unhelpful, and instead concludes that this period in American film history produced a number of the most transgressive, and yet morally complex, motion pictures ever made.

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17

New approaches to the development of marginal regions: 8th International Seminar on Marginal Regions, in Association with University College, Galway. University College, Galway?], 1986.

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18

Edmunds, Lowell. Minor Roman Poetry in the Discipline and in the Profession of Classics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818489.003.0011.

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This chapter takes minor Roman poetry as a case of the marginal and discusses it as such, first in the discipline of classical studies and then in the profession. In the former it was ambiguous: inferior, but also worthy of editions by leading scholars. In the latter, the textual edition of a minor and of a major author were equally meritorious. After the 1960s this model changed and now philology + x was required, where x was some new approach or comparandum from outside the field. So the question arose of what minor Roman poetry looked like on this new model. Could it retain any of its former disciplinary and professional standing in the exponentially increased context of x?

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19

Back, Kerry E. Dynamic Portfolio Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0009.

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The first‐order condition for optimal portfolio choice is called the Euler equation. Optimal consumption can be computed by a static approach in a dynamic complete market and by orthogonal projection for a quadratic utility investor. Dynamic programming and the Bellman equation are explained. The envelope condition and hedging demands are explained. Investors with CRRA utility have CRRA value functions. Whether the marginal value of wealth is higher for a CRRA investor in good states or in bad states depends on whether risk aversion is less than or greater than 1. With IID returns, the optimal portfolio for a CRRA investor is the same as the optimal portfolio in a single‐period model.

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20

Ferguson, Sam. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814535.003.0001.

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An introductory discussion takes stock of previous studies of the diary, establishes the distinct approach for the present work, and sets out some useful critical concepts. This book will reconsider some of the historical landmarks identified by previous studies, and address certain gaps in the historical account (particularly the decades after the Second World War). It adopts a more sensitive and flexible approach to fictivity than previous studies. The important concept of otherness in the diary is discussed with reference to Jacques Lacan. The author-figure and the œuvre are to be treated as products of literary discourse with a complex relationship to reality (discussed with reference to Michel Foucault). The concept of the supplement (following Jacques Derrida) will be useful in examining the marginal and subversive role of the diary. Finally, the role of gender in the history of diary-writing is addressed.

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21

Lamptey, Jerusha Tanner. Words in the World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653378.003.0003.

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Using the analogy of the two Divine Words, this chapter begins by exploring pressing debates in contemporary Islamic feminist and Muslima theological engagement with the Qur’an, debates that arise out of the underlying problematic of the Word in the world. The chapter, then, explores Christian perspectives on Jesus Christ from Rosemary Radford Ruether, Jacquelyn Grant, Kwok Pui-lan, and Ada María Isasi-Díaz. These theologians discuss topics ranging from the language and symbols invoked to describe Jesus to the value assigned to particular human markings of Jesus (inclusive of but not limited to Jesus’s maleness) to the affiliations of Jesus with power and marginal groups. The chapter concludes by returning to Muslima theology and constructively proposing an approach to the Qur’an that embraces hybridity, human experience, and a preference for the marginalized.

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22

Treier, Daniel J., and Craig Hefner. Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century American Biblical Interpretation. Edited by Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.44.

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Formal theological education underwent a twentieth-century revolution that both enriched and fragmented popular Bible reading. Its legacy includes deeper understanding of the Bible and its contexts, new professions of teaching and scholarship, more professional clergy, and liberating critiques of oppressive ideas and practices. Yet its legacy also includes significant fractures, between academy and church, Bible and theology, and so on. Biblical interpretation became marginal to American intellectual life as it became more informed. Theological education’s hermeneutical story highlights the practical-moral agenda of professionals: they sought to inform, frequently even to reform, how Americans approach their Bibles—with historical awareness and various theological-political agendas ideally displacing literalist private application. The mutual popular and professional tensions in this story, given their impact on its interpretation, call for more generous scholarly attention to popular aspirations for understanding the Bible.

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23

Gilbert, Jane, Simon Gaunt, and William Burgwinkle. Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832454.001.0001.

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The field of medieval francophone literary culture outside France was for many years a minor and peripheral sub-field of medieval French literary studies (or, in the case of Anglo-Norman, of English studies). The past two decades, however, have seen a major reassessment of the use of French in England, in the Low Countries, in Italy, and in the eastern Mediterranean, and this impacts significantly upon the history of literature in French more generally. This book is the first to look at the question overall, rather than just at one region. It also takes a more sustained theorized approach than other studies, drawing particularly on Derrida and on Actor-Network Theory. It discusses a wide range of texts, some of which have hitherto been regarded as marginal to French literary history, and makes the case for this material being more central to the literary history of French than was allowed in more traditional approaches, focused narrowly on ‘France’. Many of the arguments in Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad are grounded in readings of texts in manuscript (rather than in modern critical editions), and sustained attention is paid throughout to manuscripts that were produced or travelled outside the kingdom of France.

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24

Applebaum, Mark. Reflection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0019.

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The Metaphysics of Notation (2008) is a 72-foot-wide, hand-drawn pictographic score divided into twelve continuous panels.1 It is accompanied by no instruction regarding its interpretation. The work aspires to elicit a musical response from a performer, but despite its profusion of concrete, detailed glyphs it advocates nothing specific about the nature of their aural realization. Furthermore, I heard no sound in my head while composing the piece. This is a radical departure from the approach to composition I was taught, in which the composer’s job is to imagine—preferably with exacting resolution—a sound object, and then, through the deft application of the most relevant notation (whether traditional or invented—but if the latter, surely a defined one) to produce a specification from which a performer (burdened or invigorated by a marginal or essential role as interpreter) can realize this imagined sound....

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25

Pugh, Martin. Britain and its Empire. Edited by R. J. B. Bosworth. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594788.013.0027.

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Traditionally, fascism in Britain has been seen in fairly narrow terms as a phenomenon of the 1930s associated with Sir Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists (BUF). This approach to the subject made it easy to account for the fortunes of fascism as a movement essentially marginal to British society and thus of limited significance. The Union Movement that Mosley founded in 1948 campaigned for imperial control of Africa, a united Europe, and an end to coloured immigration. But this did not amount to a full fascist programme; the movement found itself caught halfway between the conventional parties and the racist fringe. More extreme elements soon spawned a range of new groups including the National Party, the National Workers Movement, and Chesterton's League of Empire Loyalists, which proved to be influential as a training ground for a new generation of leaders of the far right.

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26

Paxton, Robert O. Comparisons and Definitions. Edited by R. J. B. Bosworth. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594788.013.0030.

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Why did fascism succeed in some parts of Europe and not in others? This question places the topic squarely in the domain of comparative history. The development of fascism in Europe after 1919 presents a fruitful terrain for comparison. Every European nation, indeed all economically developed nations with some degree of political democracy, had some kind of fascist movement. At further stages of development, the outcomes were dramatically different. In Italy and Germany, fascist movements became major players and achieved power. In the most solidly established Western European democracies, such as Britain and Scandinavia, fascist movements remained marginal. In some cases, such as France and Belgium, they became conspicuous but could approach power only after foreign conquest. A number of authoritarian regimes, including Franco's Spain, Salazar's Portugal, Antonescu's Romania, Horthy's Hungary, imperial Japan, and Vargas's Brazil, borrowed some trappings from fascism but excluded fascist parties from real power.

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27

Gowan, Richard. Ban Ki-moon, 2007–2016. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748915.003.0009.

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During Ban Ki-moon’s tenure, the Security Council was shaken by P5 divisions over Kosovo, Georgia, Libya, Syria, and Ukraine. Yet it also continued to mandate and sustain large-scale peacekeeping operations in Africa, placing major burdens on the UN Secretariat. The chapter will argue that Ban initially took a cautious approach to controversies with the Council, and earned a reputation for excessive passivity in the face of crisis and deference to the United States. The second half of the chapter suggests that Ban shifted to a more activist pressure as his tenure went on, pressing the Council to act in cases including Côte d’Ivoire, Libya, and Syria. The chapter will argue that Ban had only a marginal impact on Council decision-making, even though he made a creditable effort to speak truth to power over cases such as the Central African Republic (CAR), challenging Council members to live up to their responsibilities.

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28

Luehrmann, Sonja. Soviet Atheism and Its Aftermath. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.15.

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If Soviet atheism is a variety of secularism, it more resembles eliminationist movements viewing religions as obstacles to the political integration of citizens into the state. Before World War II, the Bolshevik government issued decrees to disentangle the state from the church. Later, Khrushchev emphasized atheism and closed churches as part of a general populist, mobilizational approach to promoting communist values. By the 1970s, religious practices were not precluded but were assigned a marginal space outside of public engagement. The post-Soviet era has seen self-reported religiosity increase, while self-reported atheism has diminished, although remaining significant. Russia’s 1997 law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations requires a denomination to exist in a region for fifteen years to enjoy the full legal and tax status. Today, Russia differentiates between “good” religions that help to promote particular moral visions and “bad” religions that create social strife, promote violence, and endanger public health.

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29

White, Alan. Pricing Options with Futures-Style Margining: A Genetic Adaptive Neural Network Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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30

Silva, Aminda De, J. A. Saunders, and M. A. Stroud. Vitamin deficiencies. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0333.

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Vitamins are organic compounds required by the body in small amounts to perform specific cellular functions. Nine vitamins (thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), niacin (nicotinic acid; vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), biotin (vitamin B7; vitamin H), folic acid (folate; vitamin B9), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)) are water soluble, while four (vitamins A, D, E, and K) are fat soluble. The importance of vitamins was first appreciated through recognition of their clinical deficiency state. However, this approach has led to the concept that the primary purpose of a vitamin is to prevent the associated clinical deficiency state and, consequently, unless patients exhibit signs of a specific clinical deficiency state, they are thought to be replete in the corresponding vitamin. This is a misunderstanding. In reality, most vitamins have many different functions which are incompletely understood, and impaired biochemical function and even functional problems affecting metabolic, immunological, or cognitive status can occur with marginal vitamin depletion long before overt clinical deficiency becomes evident. A high index of suspicion is thus essential in all patients who have malnutrition or malabsorption, to ensure that levels that might compromise health, resistance to disease, and recovery from injury or illness are not left untreated.

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31

Morse, Holly. Encountering Eve's Afterlives. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842576.001.0001.

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Encountering Eve’s Afterlives: A New Reception Critical Approach to Genesis 2-4 aims to destabilise the persistently pessimistic framing of Eve as a highly negative symbol of femininity within Western culture by engaging with marginal, and even heretical, interpretations that focus on more positive aspects of her character. In doing so it questions the myth that orthodox, popular readings represent the ‘true’ meaning of the first woman’s story, and explores the possibility that previously ignored or muted rewritings of Eve are in fact equally ‘valid’ interpretations of the biblical text.By staging encounters between the biblical Eve and re-writings of her story, particularly those that help to challenge the interpretative status quo, this book re-frames the first woman using three key themes from her story: sin, knowledge, and life. Thus, it considers how and why the image of Eve as a dangerous temptress has gained considerably more cultural currency than the equally viable pictures of her as a subversive wise woman or as a mourning mother.The book offers a re-evaluation of the meanings and the myths of Eve, deconstructing the dominance of her cultural incarnation as a predominantly flawed female, and reconstructing a more nuanced presentation of the first woman’s role in the Bible and her afterlives.

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32

Knight, Alec. An Asymmetric Comparative International Law Approach to Treaty Interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0020.

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This chapter illustrates an asymmetric comparative international law approach to treaty interpretation through the example of the CEDAW Committee’s greater willingness to go beyond a margin of appreciation to tolerate progressive deviations rather than regressive deviations in the interpretation of CEDAW’s provisions. Section I examines the interactions between the CEDAW Committee and states parties. Section II discusses how the Committee’s asymmetric approach to treaty interpretation fits within a comparative international law project. Section III provides an introduction to the CEDAW Committee. Section IV illustrates the CEDAW Committee’s inflexible treatment of Muslim states parties’ reservations to the Convention, which constitute regressive deviations. Section V analyzes the Committee’s permissive treatment of the Scandinavian approach to CEDAW. Section VI explores how the asymmetric approach allows states to develop interpretations of treaties. Section VII concludes and describes potential future avenues of research into the asymmetric comparative international law approach to treaty interpretation.

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33

Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Response of Consumption to Unanticipated Changes in Income. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0009.

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In this chapter we examine tests of the hypothesis that consumption will respond to unanticipated income changes and that the response will depend on the persistence of the shock and on the degree of imperfection in the credit and insurance markets. The literature has considered three approaches to estimating the effect of income shocks on consumption, that is, the marginal propensity to consume. One identifies episodes in which income changes unexpectedly and seeks to evaluate, in a quasi-experimental setting, how consumption reacts. A second estimates the marginal propensity to consume with respect to income shocks using the covariance restrictions imposed by theory on the joint behavior of consumption and income growth. The third estimates the impact of shocks by combining realizations and expectations of income or consumption in surveys where data on subjective expectations are available.

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34

Viafara Sandoval, Harold, Mónica Cristina Pérez Muñoz, and Sandra Parra Hinojosa. Polyphonies of the body in Professional Training. And the wave travels further. Editorial Bonaventuriana de la Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/9789585415621.

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"This book is an approach to the sphere of the body from different disciplinary perspectives. For this, a dialogue is necessary, not to unify the concept, but to have the possibility of meeting and moving around different fields of knowledge. This to give meaning to what has been done over time and structure a system of consensus, dissent, and networks in a discourse-practice that has been marginal in the local space. In this encounter, it can be observed that there is no attribute of the body that allows us to speak of it as a whole nor a nature that informs us of a purpose. The body is constructed and this construction refers to a use, a need, and an experience. But on many occasions, its construction has been left aside in some areas of training, without giving it the importance it deserves. I invite the readers to delight in this new wave, in which we can see views from perspectives such as sport, health, disability, education, and art. Winding, undulating movements that have been based on academic reflections, projects, and research by friends and colleagues who have joined these dialogues today and seek to unravel and decant the mysteries of the body, how they perceive it, assume it and it is constitutive of the subject."

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35

White, Alan. Pricing Options with Futures-Style Margining: A Genetic Adaptive Neural Network Approach (Financial Sector of the American Economy). Routledge, 2000.

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36

Crompton, Rod, Midesh Sing, Vernon Filter, and Nonhlanhla Msimango. Petrol price regulation in South Africa: Is it meeting its intended objectives? UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/897-9.

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The South African liquid fuels industry is a significant part of the economy. Historically, government policy focused on import substitution industrialization to support industry margins. This approach is called into question by the 2006 shift from net exports to imports and by inflated downstream regulated margins. This study focuses on the regulated petrol price. Import parity pricing regulation has not kept pace with market changes. A policy shift in 1998 towards market-related pricing has not materialized. Instead, regulated margins have increased over the last 20 years in real terms, partly attributable to methodological errors in the regulatory accounting system. The long-term excess of service stations persists despite declining petrol and diesel volumes between 2005 and 2019. Estimates suggest that the petrol price could be lower by 0.70–0.80 rands/litre. Price deregulation is inhibited by political regulation and social policies entangled in regulation.

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37

Ronen, Boaz, Joseph S. Pliskin, and Shimeon Pass. Creating Value for Healthcare Organizations (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190843458.003.0018.

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Creating value for healthcare organizations is the primary goal for their managers, both in for-profit and nonprofit organizations. In this chapter, we present the value-focused management methodology, a practical approach for increasing the value of a healthcare organization. The methodology is a multistep approach, including determining the goal, determining the performance measures, identifying the value drivers, deciding how to improve the value drivers, and implementation and control. The value-focused management methodology enables managers to examine systematically where they should devote their time and energy and in which areas the contribution will be marginally small.

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38

Treharne, Elaine. Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843814.001.0001.

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Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts takes as its starting point an understanding that a medieval book is a whole object at every point of its long history. As such, medieval books can be studied most profitably in a holistic manner as objects-in-the-world. This means readers might profitably account for all aspects of the manuscript in their observations, from the main texts that dominate the codex to the marginal notes, glosses, names, and interventions made through time. This holistic approach allows us to tell the story of the book’s life from the moment of its production to its use, collection, breaking-up, and digitization—all aspects of what can be termed ‘dynamic architextuality’. The ten chapters of this study include detailed readings of texts that explain the processes of manuscript manufacture and writing, taking in invisible components of the book that show the joy and delight clearly felt by producers and consumers. Chapters investigate the filling of manuscripts’ blank spaces, presenting some texts never examined before, and assessing how books were conceived and understood to function. Manuscripts’ heft and solidness can be seen, too, in the depictions of miniature books in medieval illustrations. Early manuscripts thus become archives and witnesses to individual and collective memories, best read as ‘relics of existence’, as Maurice Merleau-Ponty describes things. As such, it is urgent that practices fragmenting the manuscript through book-breaking or digital display are understood in the context of the book’s wholeness. Readers of this study will find chapters on multiple aspects of medieval bookness in the distant past, the present, and in the assurance of the future continuity of this most fascinating of cultural artefacts.

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39

Rutledge, Thomas. Reading and Writing History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787525.003.0010.

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This essay attends to the neglected marginal commentary that John Bellenden composed to accompany his translation of the first five books of Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita (From the Founding of the City). It argues that the approaches of the commentary (Latinate, learned, antiquarian) stand in sharp opposition to the vernacular, courtly project that Bellenden’s translation has generally been understood to be. It suggests that the work may owe rather more than has been realized to Bellenden’s engagement with the intellectual culture of the new university in Aberdeen in the later 1530s and offers an important window onto the variety of ways in which classical history was being read during the reign of James V.

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40

Fish, Suzanne K., and Karen R. Adams. Plants. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.42.

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Beginning 4,000 or more years ago in the U.S. Southwest and Mexican Northwest, the most varied and sustained interactions between regional inhabitants and the plants of their environments took place within the context of agricultural economies. Even though a recurrent paradigm portrays the Southwest/Northwest as harsh and agriculturally marginal, the region is rich in the archaeological legacy of Indigenous cultivators who produced harvests over three and a half millennia. In recent decades, a finer focus on analytical details, as well as broader comparative approaches to the archaeological record of plants, has expanded the roster of regional crops and culturally enhanced resources, illuminated the nature and scope of culturally modified environments, and explored the roles of plants in a range of economic and social transactions.

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41

Marsh, Clive. Salvation in Counselling and Comedy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811015.003.0006.

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This chapter scrutinizes the many ways in which positive psychology contributes to therapeutic understandings of salvation. Building on attention to the way in which the work of Martin Seligman has influenced approaches to happiness and forms of counselling, the chapter examines two Christian examples (one Protestant—Joel Osteen, one Roman Catholic—Christopher Kaczor) of positive psychology’s influence on Christian practice and critically explores the appropriateness of such use. It then explores a second example of positive mood through examining how television comedy is received and used as a contribution to fostering well-being. Using The Big Bang Theory, the chapter notes how religion appears as a marginal but meaningful element within the series, and examines the significance of the main thrust of the series in both its content and reception.

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42

Brown, Noel. Contemporary Hollywood Animation. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474410564.001.0001.

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Until the 1990s, animation occupied a relatively marginal presence in Hollywood. Today, it is at the very heart of both the film industry and contemporary popular culture. Charting the major changes and continuities in Hollywood animation over the past thirty years, this groundbreaking book offers an authoritative history of Hollywood animation since the 1990s. Analysing dozens of key films, including The Lion King, Toy Story, Shrek, Despicable Me, Frozen and Moana, it examines the emergence of new genres and stylistic approaches, as well as the ongoing blurring of boundaries between animation and live-action. Identifying narrative and thematic patterns, and developments in industry and style, the book explores how animation in the United States both responds to and recapitulates the values, beliefs, hopes and fears of the nation.

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Crowley, Lara M. Interpreting Manuscript Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821861.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 introduces and explores the book’s central thesis through considering practices by Donne’s early readers, placing this study into recent critical conversations on Donne and manuscript culture, and establishing its contribution to such conversations. In addition to adding several discrete examples of manuscript investigations that suggest early interpretive responses to Donne’s texts, this chapter advances a methodological approach for examining literary works within original artifacts: it delineates manuscript elements to investigate in order to uncover clues regarding early modern literary interpretations. These components include provenance, papers and how they were constructed into books, scribes, marginalia, titles, ascriptions, paratexts, and contents and their sequences. Because one cannot anticipate which elements will prove most informative for any given manuscript, all components require attention. This pragmatic approach to manuscript study encourages scholars to embark on explorations traditionally relegated to bibliography and textual studies that actually prove essential to literary criticism.

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44

Schor, Paul. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0023.

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This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that while this study takes up the last half-century only marginally, it should be read as an implicit comparison with the present, since reflection on racial and ethnic categories is so much a historical focus of today. In showing that a certain number of attributes of modernity can be traced back through archival evidence, this study tried at once to historicize the categories of today and show the contribution of an approach that, if it takes concepts as the main object of analysis, assumes empiricism as its principle, staying as close as possible to the past meaning of the concepts, when they were clear as well as when they were muddled. It argues in favor of a longue durée approach. It concludes that this history of categories is specifically American.

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McDermont, Morag, Tim Cole, Janet Newman, and Angela Piccini, eds. Imagining Regulation Differently. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348016.001.0001.

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There is an urgent need to rethink relationships between systems of government and those who are ‘governed’. This book explores ways of rethinking those relationships by bringing communities normally excluded from decision-making to centre stage to experiment with new methods of regulating for engagement. Using original, co-produced research, the book innovatively explores how we can better use a ‘bottom-up’ approach to design regulatory regimes that recognise the capabilities of communities at the margins and powerfully support the knowledge, passions and creativity of citizens. The book provides essential guidance for all those working on co-produced research to make impactful change.

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46

Salvatori, Daniela, Harsha D. Devalla, and Robert Passier. Cells to repair the infarcted myocardium. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0030.

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The adult mammalian heart has poor regenerative capacity. Loss of functional cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction leads to the replacement of functional muscle by scar tissue. This has a detrimental effect on cardiac function and may lead to heart failure. Potential regeneration of severe cardiac damage would require replacement of dead and damaged cardiomyocytes by transplantation, recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells, or induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. For more than a decade, clinical trials to ameliorate the injured heart have been under way. However, after evaluation of the outcome of these trials it is evident that the beneficial effects of these cell-based transplantations are only marginal, and beneficial effects, if any, are not caused by regeneration of cardiomyocytes. In recent years, alternative approaches and various cell sources have been studied and suggested for cardiac repair. Recent advances in these cell-based therapies or strategies to activate endogenous cardiac repair are discussed.

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47

Pouillaude, Frédéric. Presence, Ideality, Signification. Translated by Anna Pakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199314645.003.0007.

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This chapter approaches the question of the “spectacle” in a different way, by taking the position of a historically naive contemporary who believes that there is an essence of spectacle simply waiting to be uncovered. In doing so this chapter pretends that the idea of “spectacle” has always existed, as if the historical detail of its emergence and development could be bracketed. It then proceeds in line with the fiction of the concept, by eidetic variation and the testing of limits. The chapter starts from a few examples of “spectacles” some of which might be considered frankly marginal in relation to the core concept: a football match, a bullfight, a concert, a theatrical representation, and a liturgical ceremony. It then tries to answer a very simple question from this historically naive position: in virtue of what common element are these different events called “spectacles,” literally or metaphorically?

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Pham, Martin H., and Patrick C. Hsieh. Primary Tumors of the Spine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0022.

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Primary tumors of the spinal column are rare. Computed tomography–guided biopsy is typically performed to make the diagnosis and plan the next steps in treatment. For some primary spinal column tumors, such as osteosarcoma, en bloc resection based on the Enneking classification and extensive spinal reconstruction may be indicated. Significant surgical complications are possible with en bloc resection, and extensive preoperative counseling is required. Patients with pre-existing metastatic disease will likely not benefit from en bloc resection and instead may undergo debulking surgery based on neurologic symptoms. Tumor biology and an assessment of margins dictate possible adjuvant therapy. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in managing these patients.

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49

de Wet, Chris L., Maijastina Kahlos, and Ville Vuolanto, eds. Slavery in the Late Antique World, 150 – 700 CE. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108568159.

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Slavery in the Late Antique World, 150 – 700 CE investigates the ideological, moral, cultural, and symbolic aspects of slavery, as well the living conditions of slaves in the Mediterranean basin and Europe during a period of profound transformation. It focuses on socially marginal areas and individuals on an unprecedented scale. Written by an international team of scholars, the volume establishes that late ancient slavery is a complex and polymorphous phenomenon, one that was conditioned by culture and geography. Rejecting preconceived ideas about slavery as static and without regional variation, it offers focused case studies spanning the late ancient period. They provide in-depth analyses of authors and works, and consider a range of factors relevant to the practice of slavery in specific geographical locations. Using comparative and methodologically innovative approaches, this book revisits and questions established assumptions about late ancient slavery. It also enables fresh insights into one of humanity's most tragic institutions.

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50

Oosterhoff, Richard. The Senses of Mixed Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823520.003.0005.

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How did engagement with the new printed book reshape early modern disciplines? This chapter considers the rapidly changing area of Renaissance mathematics, focusing on two ‘mixed’ mathematical disciplines, cosmography and music. In cosmography, the new paratexts transformed a medieval standby, Sacrobosco’s Sphere, into a cutting-edge handbook that taught students the procedures of calculation. In music, Lefèvre’s sensory experience of sound prompted him to adopt new geometrical tools to solve old arithmetical problems. In both cases, a close attention to the roles of visualization, touch, and hearing in mathematical practice prompted a distinctive approach to the printed page, shifting the very structures of the mathematical disciplines. The underlying mental habits such books were intended to inculcate can be traced through the margins of Beatus Rhenanus’ mathematical books.

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