Статті в журналах з теми "Mannitol and sugars"
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1
Pharr, D. M., R. T. N. Prata, J. B. Jennings, J. D. Williamson, E. Zamski, Y. Tamamoto, and M. A. Conkling. "Regulation of Mannitol Dehydrogenase: Relationship to Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 551F—552. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.551f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing salinity of agricultural soils may ultimately limit the sustainability of food production in some areas of the world. Work from our laboratory and the labs of others demonstrates that mannitol, a six-carbon sugar alcohol, is important as a stress-related metabolite in some plants. Mannitol helps plants resist the damaging effects of stressful growth environments, such as drought, high soil salinity, and perhaps attack by microorganisms that cause plant diseases. In the long run, we hope to genetically engineer plants to produce and use mannitol for increased productivity and tolerance to environmental stresses. Basic information about how plants regulate those genes important to mannitol metabolism is of critical importance to this long-term goal. Our laboratory discovered an enzyme, mannitol dehydrogenase, that is the first critical biochemical step in mannitol use in vascular plants. Later, we cloned the gene for this enzyme. We discovered that hexose sugars “turn off” the expression of this gene. So, as long as adequate sugars are available for energy, maintenance, and growth, the production of the mannitolusing enzyme is repressed. After the sugars are gone, mannitol dehydrogenase is produced very rapidly, and this allows mannitol to be used metabolically. This type of gene regulation is ideally designed to help plants cells conserve mannitol as long as possible, which in turn allows the cells to retain stress tolerance as long as possible.
2
Miki, K., R. Butler, D. Moore, and G. Davidson. "Rapid and simultaneous quantification of rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine by HPLC for estimating intestinal permeability in pediatric practice." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.1.71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Determination of intestinal permeability by measuring nonmetabolized sugars has been used to assess the integrity of intestinal mucosa. We have developed and validated a modified HPLC method for determining the concentration of L-rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine, using an amine-modified silica column and refractive index detection. Probe sugars are simultaneously resolved within 18 min. The calibration curve for each sugar is linear to 20 mmol/L. The minimum detectable concentration of lactulose is 0.05 mmol/L. Recovery of probe sugars is between 99.3% and 105.1%. Overall precision (CV) of estimation of probe sugars ranges from 4.2% to 6.5%. In 14 urine samples from healthy children who ingested the test solution containing 1 g of L-rhamnose, 1 g of mannitol, and 5 g of lactulose, the 5-h urinary excretion ratios of lactulose/rhamnose and lactulose/mannitol were 0.047 +/- 0.018 and 0.021 +/- 0.010 (mean +/- SD), respectively. This method presents a rapid, convenient, and practical technique for determining intestinal permeability in clinical pediatric practice.
3
Celli, M., P. D'Eufemia, R. Dommarco, R. Finocchiaro, D. Aprigliano, F. Martino, E. Cardi, and O. Giardini. "Rapid gas-chromatographic assay of lactulose and mannitol for estimating intestinal permeability." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.5.752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We developed a gas-chromatographic method to determine urinary mannitol and lactulose. The procedure for purification of urine by a resin was optimized for purification of analytes and high recovery; the aliquot of resin chosen (500 mg) was kept in contact with the urine for 1 min. The recoveries of mannitol and lactulose were > 85% at concentrations that include both normal and pathological values. Sugars were converted to oximes before the silylation step to avoid multiple peaks for the anomeric forms. The calibration was linear over the range 0.1-1 microgram of sugar injected. Analytical recovery of the sugars ranged from 90% to 95.3% for mannitol and from 90.4% to 95.8% for lactulose. The mean within-day imprecision (CV) was 6.2% for mannitol and 4.7% for lactulose; the between-day CV was 6.7% for mannitol and 5.1% for lactulose. A lactulose/mannitol ratio of 0.035 completely differentiated 28 normal children and 28 children with active gluten-sensitive enteropathy, whose mean ratios were 0.022 (SD 0.007) and 0.084 (SD 0.054), respectively.
4
Góraj-Koniarska, Justyna, and Marian Saniewski. "The effect of sugars in relation to methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin formation in the roots of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Poelln.)." Acta Agrobotanica 32, no. 2 (2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This study investigated the effects of different sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose) and sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol) applied alone and in solution with methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on the anthocyanin content in the roots of <em>Kalanchoe blossfeldiana</em>. None of the sugars used individually in the experiment affected anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of intact plants. The anthocyanin level was similar to that in the control. Sucrose at concentrations of 0.5% and 3.0%, and glucose at a concentration of 3.0% inhibited anthocyanin accumulation induced by JA-Me. Only fructose at a concentration of 3.0% stimulated anthocyanin accumulation induced by JA-Me. The sugar alcohols, mannitol at a concentration of 3.0% and sorbitol at 0.5% and 3.0%, inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of intact <em>K. blossfeldiana</em> plants induced by JA-Me. In excised roots, both sugars and JA-Me used individually did not affect the formation of anthocyanins. Also, the sugar alcohols (mannitol and sorbitol) applied simultaneously with JA-Me had no effect on the accumulation of anthocyanins. However, roots treated with sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose) in solution with JA-Me promoted the induction of anthocyanins in the apical parts of the roots. </p><p>The results suggest that anthocyanin elicitation in the roots of <em>K. blossfeldiana</em> by methyl jasmonate may be dependent on the interaction of JA-Me with sugars transported from the stems (leaves) to the roots.</p>
5
Marino, Celso Luís, Susi Meire Maximino Leite, Ana Paula Cazerta Farro, Flávio Tetsuo Sassaki, Henrique Luis Veronezi de Campos, and Virgínia Elias Coscrato. "Putative metabolic pathway of mannitol and sorbitol and in sugarcane." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 4 (December 2003): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Until the mid 1950s, boron was believed to play an important role in the transport of sugars in plants. However, boron actually depends on sugar alcohols to be taken up by the plant. In some cases, the main sugars involved in this process are sorbitol and mannitol which form stable complexes with boron. In this study, the sequences of the SugarCane EST Genome Project (SUCEST) database were searched for enzymes involved in the metabolism of these sugars by comparing them with enzymes from other organisms. Eighteen contigs from sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) presented high similarity with 11 enzymes involved in the putative biosynthetic pathway of sorbitol and mannitol from fructose in sugarcane. Seven of these contigs had high homology with sequences deposited in GenBank.
6
Marziali, Giacomo, Antonella Marangoni, Claudio Foschi, Maria Carla Re, and Natalia Calonghi. "Effect of Sugars on Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity." Pathogens 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9040298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Previous works suggest that sugars can have a beneficial effect on C. trachomatis (CT) survival and virulence. In this study, we investigated the effect of different sugars on CT infectivity, elucidating some of the molecular mechanisms behind CT-sugar interaction. Methods. CT infectivity was investigated on HeLa cells after 2 hour-incubation of elementary bodies (EBs) with glucose, sucrose, or mannitol solutions (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 mM). The effect of sugars on EB membrane fluidity was investigated by fluorescence anisotropy measurement, whereas the changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were examined by cytofluorimetric analysis. By means of a Western blot, we explored the phosphorylation state of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in HeLa cells infected with EBs pre-incubated with sugars. Results. All sugar solutions significantly increased CT infectivity on epithelial cells, acting directly on the EB structure. Sugars induced a significant increase of EB membrane fluidity, leading to changes in LPS membrane exposure. Especially after incubation with sucrose and mannitol, EBs led to a higher FAK phosphorylation, enhancing the activation of anti-apoptotic and proliferative signals in the host cells. Conclusions. Sugars can increase CT infectivity and virulence, by modulating the expression/exposure of chlamydial membrane ligands. Further in-depth studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved.
7
Kapembwa, M. S., S. C. Fleming, N. Sewankambo, D. Serwadda, S. Lucas, A. Moody, and G. E. Griffin. "Altered small-intestinal permeability associated with diarrhoea in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected Caucasian and African subjects." Clinical Science 81, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0810327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. Small-intestine integrity in Caucasian and African patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus was determined by measuring the permeation across the mucosa of two sugars, lactulose and mannitol. 2. The sugars were assayed by h.p.l.c. and pulsed amperometric detection in 6 h urine samples. Stool microscopy for enteropathogens was performed in all patients. 3. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol recovered in urine was increased in Caucasian and African patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Asymptomatic human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected subjects had a normal lactulose/mannitol ratio. African patients with diarrhoea showed a twofold reduction in mannitol excretion. Such a change in mannitol absorption was not detected in Caucasian patients and occurred regardless of the presence of enteropathogens. 4. Altered small-intestinal permeability is associated with symptomatic diarrhoea in human immunodeficiency virus infection in both Caucasian and African patients.
8
Shippee, R. L., A. A. Johnson, W. G. Cioffi, J. Lasko, T. E. LeVoyer, and B. S. Jordan. "Simultaneous Determination of Lactulose and Mannitol in Urine of Burn Patients by Gas-Liquid Chromatography." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.3.343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ratios of lactulose/mannitol excretion in urine have been used to assess the extent of intestinal permeability in various disease and trauma conditions. Reported studies have used this technique to correlate altered gastrointestinal mucosal permeability to translocation of bacteria and endotoxin, leading to occult sepsis in burn patients. Enzymatic methods of analysis for urine concentrations of mannitol and lactulose were used in these studies. We have found that urine from patients with severe burns frequently contains compounds that interfere with the enzymatic methods. We describe using gas-liquid chromatography to determine mannitol and lactulose simultaneously in the urine of burn patients. To avoid the multiple peaks for the anomeric forms of the reducing sugars during precolumn trimethylsilyl derivatization, we converted the sugars to oximes before the silylation step. The method gave good recoveries of mannitol and lactulose added to burn patients' urine samples. Unlike the enzymatic methods, gas-liquid chromatography eliminates the effect of interfering compounds and allows for the simultaneous determination of both sugars in urine samples.
9
Yttri, K. E., C. Dye, and G. Kiss. "Ambient aerosol concentrations of sugars and sugar-alcohols at four different sites in Norway." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 16 (August 20, 2007): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4267-2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sugars and sugar-alcohols are demonstrated to be important constituents of the ambient aerosol water-soluble organic carbon fraction, and to be tracers for primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). In the present study, levels of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose) and three sugar-alcohols (arabitol, inositol, mannitol) in ambient aerosols have been quantified using a novel HPLC/HRMS-TOF (High Performance Liquid Chromatography in combination with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry – Time of Flight) method to assess the contribution of PBAP to PM>sub>10 and PM2.5. Samples were collected at four sites in Norway at different times of the year in order to reflect the various contributing sources and the spatial and seasonal variation of the selected compounds. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were present at all sites investigated, underlining the ubiquity of these highly polar organic compounds. The highest concentrations were reported for sucrose, reaching a maximum concentration of 320 ng m−3 in PM10 and 55 ng m−3 in PM2.5. The mean concentration of sucrose was up to 10 times higher than fructose, glucose and the dimeric sugar trehalose. The mean concentrations of the sugar-alcohols were typically lower, or equal, to that of the monomeric sugars and trehalose. Peak concentrations of arabitol and mannitol did not exceed 30 ng m−3 in PM10, and for PM2.5 all concentrations were below 6 ng m−3. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were associated primarily with coarse aerosols except during wintertime at the suburban site in Elverum, where a shift towards sub micron aerosols was observed. It is proposed that this shift was due to the intensive use of wood burning for residential heating at this site during winter, confirmed by high concurrent concentrations of levoglucosan. Elevated concentrations of sugars in PM2.5 were observed during spring and early summer at the rural background site Birkenes. It is hypothesized that this was due to ruptured pollen.
10
Dawson, D. J., R. W. Lobley, P. C. Burrows, J. A. Notman, M. Mahon, and R. Holmes. "Changes in jejunal permeability and passive permeation of sugars in intestinal biopsies in coeliac disease and Crohn's disease." Clinical Science 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. The relative effects of changes in mucosal surface area and mucosal permeability on the passive uptakes of mannitol and raffinose have been studied in vitro using jejunal biopsies from 48 controls, 32 patients with coeliac disease and 11 patients with Crohn's disease. Total mucosal permeation was corrected for surface area measured morphometrically to provide an index of mucosal permeability. 2. In untreated coeliac disease, permeation of mannitol was reduced by 35% (P = 0.006) and that of raffinose was increased by 66% (P = 0.0095) compared with controls, whereas mucosal permeability to mannitol was increased twofold (P = 0.009) and to raffinose fivefold (P = 0.0001). Mucosal permeability was similar for each sugar. 3. In treated coeliac disease, permeation and permeability for mannitol were normal, but remained elevated for raffinose by 23% (P = 0.036) and 41% (P = 0.024), respectively. 4. In Crohn's disease, permeation of mannitol was reduced by 21%, but that of raffinose and mucosal permeability to both sugars were normal. 5. These findings suggest that surface area is quantitatively more important than mucosal permeability in determining the total permeation of mannitol, while the converse is true for raffinose. The findings are compatible with paracellular uptake of raffinose, but with both paracellular and transcellular uptake of mannitol. Both pathways are affected in coeliac disease, whereas only transcellular uptake is affected in Crohn's disease.
11
Yttri, K. E., C. Dye, and G. Kiss. "Ambient aerosol concentrations of sugars and sugar-alcohols at four different sites in Norway." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2007): 5769–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-5769-2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sugars and sugar-alcohols are demonstrated to be important constituents of the ambient aerosol water-soluble organic carbon fraction (WSOC), and to be tracers for primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). In the present study, levels of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose) and three sugar-alcohols (arabitol, inositol, mannitol) in ambient aerosols have been quantified using a novel HPLC/HRMS-TOF (High Performance Liquid Chromatography in combination with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry – Time of Flight) method to assess the contribution of PBAP to PM10 and PM2.5. Samples were collected at four sites in Norway at different times of the year in order to reflect the various contributing sources and the spatial and seasonal variation of the selected compounds. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were present at all sites investigated, underlining the ubiquity of these highly polar organic compounds. The highest concentrations were reported for sucrose, reaching a maximum concentration of 320 ng m−3 in PM10 and 55 ng m−3 in PM2.5. The mean concentration of sucrose was up to 10 times higher than fructose, glucose and trehalose. The mean concentrations of the sugar-alcohols were typically lower, or equal, to that of the monomeric sugars and trehalose. Peak concentrations of arabitol and mannitol did not exceed 30 ng m−3 in PM10, and for PM2.5 all concentrations were below 6 ng m−3. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were associated primarily with coarse aerosols except during wintertime at the suburban site in Elverum, where a shift towards sub micron aerosols was observed. It is proposed that this shift was due to the intensive use of wood burning for residential heating at this site during winter, confirmed by high concurrent concentrations of levoglucosan. Elevated concentrations of sugars in PM2.5 were observed during spring and early summer at the rural background site Birkenes. It is hypothesized that this was due to ruptured pollen.
12
Grobben, Gert J., Sjors W. P. G. Peters, H. Wouter Wisselink, Ruud A. Weusthuis, Marcel H. N. Hoefnagel, Jeroen Hugenholtz, and Gerrit Eggink. "Spontaneous Formation of a Mannitol-Producing Variant of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides Grown in the Presence of Fructose." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2867-2870.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT We report the spontaneous formation of a stable mannitol-producing variant of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. The mannitol-producing variant showed mannitol dehydrogenase activity which was absent in the parental strain. It was also able to use fructose and glucose simultaneously, whereas the parental strain showed diauxic growth with these sugars. A possible explanation of these observations is discussed.
13
Fleming, S. C., M. S. Kapembwa, M. F. Laker, G. E. Levin, and G. E. Griffin. "Rapid and simultaneous determination of lactulose and mannitol in urine, by HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection, for use in studies of intestinal permeability." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 797–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.5.797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The lactulose/mannitol dual sugar absorption test is a non-invasive test of intestinal permeability. Its widespread use has been limited by the difficulties of analysis for carbohydrates in urine at low concentrations. We describe a "high-pressure" liquid-chromatographic method for determining lactulose and mannitol in urine, in which anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection are used. Sample preparation is simple and fast, and lactulose and mannitol and the internal standards arabinose and cellobiose are well resolved within 15 min. Analytical response of the method is linear with concentrations to 3 g/L, and one can detect as little as 0.3 mg of lactulose per liter of urine. Analytical recovery was between 90% and 107% for all sugars analyzed, and there was good agreement with results by a gas-chromatographic method (r = 0.993 lactulose, 0.984 mannitol). The method may potentially be applied to the study of other carbohydrates present in biological fluids at low concentrations.
14
Muralitharan, MS, SF Chandler, and RFMV Steveninck. "Physiological Adaptation to High Ion Concentrations or Water Deficit by Callus Cultures of Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum." Functional Plant Biology 20, no. 2 (1993): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9930159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Callus cultures of highbush blueberry were selected for 10 passages on medium supplemented with 50 rnol m-3 NaCl, 50 rnol m-3 KCl, 25 mol m-3 Na2SO4, 25 mol m-3 K2SO4 or 100 mol m-3 mannitol. On all salts, growth of selected callus was greater (200-250%) than that of non-selected callus, and selected callus grew optimally on the type of salt on which it was selected. Conventional (whole plant analysis) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed that selected callus accumulated more ions (approximately 1.5-3.0-fold) than non-selected callus on all salts, and there was a positive correlation between vacuolar ion concentration and fresh weight. Growth of NaCl-selected callus but not non-selected callus was greatly enhanced (2.25-fold) in the presence of 100 mol m-3 mannitol, while growth of a mannitol-selected callus line was also enhanced. In callus grown on NaCl or mannitol, slight increases in levels of glycinebetaine, choline and proline were measured. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malate concentrations significantly increased in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol, and selected callus produced 4-fold more sugars than non-selected callus. The total increases in concentrations of all measured sugars were 210 μmol gFW-1 in NaCl-selected callus grown on 50 mol m-3 NaCl, and 296 μmol gFW-1 in mannitol selected callus grown on 100 rnol m-3 mannitol. The results of this study indicate that adaptation of blueberry callus cultures for optimal growth on salt-containing media is probably due to adaptation to water stress, not tolerance to specific ions. Osmotic adjustment, achieved by ion uptake and production of sugars, appears to be the physiological mechanism of adaptation.
15
Marsilio, Renzo, Lorenzo D’Antiga, Lucia Zancan, Noemi Dussini, and Franco Zacchello. "Simultaneous HPLC determination with light-scattering detection of lactulose and mannitol in studies of intestinal permeability in pediatrics." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.8.1685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We describe a new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of lactulose and mannitol in urine, in which cation-exchange chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection are used. The two sugars are orally administered for the estimation of intestinal permeability in children. Samples were purified by solid phase extraction on a C18 cartridge and subsequent addition of anion-exchange resin. Cellobiose may be used as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was carried out in 16 min at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, using deionized water as the mobile phase. Within-run precision (CV) measured at three concentrations was 1.6–2.3% for lactulose and 1.0–1.9% for mannitol. Between-run CVs were 2.1–4.1% and 1.3–2.7% for lactulose and mannitol, respectively. Analytical recovery of both sugar probes was 97–101%. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 0.82 mg/L for lactulose and 0.65 mg/L for mannitol. The lactulose/mannitol ratio in control subjects was 0.024 ± 0.006; in patients with Crohn’s and coeliac diseases in active phase, the ratios were 0.200 ± 0.082 and 0.072 ± 0.025, respectively. The method is rapid, simple, and sensitive, and suitable for determination of intestinal permeability in children.
16
Fleming, S. C., A. Duncan, R. I. Russell, and M. F. Laker. "Measurement of sugar probes in serum: an alternative to urine measurement in intestinal permeability testing." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.3.445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The percentage dose of lactulose and mannitol excreted in urine after oral ingestion is used as a noninvasive method of assessing small intestinal permeability. The collection of incomplete or inaccurately timed urine samples can lead to errors in estimation of sugar probe molecules. We describe an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of lactulose and mannitol in serum after oral ingestion of test sugars. We applied the test to healthy volunteers and to subjects undergoing jejunal biopsy for suspected gluten-sensitive enteropathy. The ratio of concentrations of lactulose and mannitol in serum discriminated well between subjects with a normal biopsy and those with villous atrophy, discrimination being best at 90 min postdose. The results agree well with lactulose:mannitol ratios determined in urine (r= 0.88), and the two methods can be used interchangeably. The determination of mannitol and lactulose in serum provides an acceptable alternative to urine collection and may be particularly useful in young children. It also reduces the time spent on the investigation from 5 h to 90 min.
17
Gonçalves, Cátia, Ismael Casotti Rienda, Noela Pina, Carla Gama, Teresa Nunes, Oxana Tchepel, and Célia Alves. "PM10-Bound Sugars: Chemical Composition, Sources and Seasonal Variations." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of anhydrosugars and sugar alcohols in airborne articulate matter <10 µm (PM10) samples collected between December 2018 and June 2019 was studied for two urban environments in Coimbra. Anhydrosugars were used to estimate the biomass burning contribution, and sugar alcohols were investigated regarding biological sources. Anhydrosugars contributed more than sugar alcohols to the total sugars, mainly levoglucosan. Higher levoglucosan concentrations were linked with the use of biomass-fueled heating appliances, mainly during cold periods. A significant contribution from biomass burning smoke was registered, accounting for 20% to 23% of the PM10 mass in the colder period. Xylitol presented higher concentrations in the colder period and was well correlated with levoglucosan, indicating a common origin. Mannitol and arabitol were well correlated with each other but did not present any kind of correlation with anhydrosugars or xylitol, suggesting a natural source. A quantitative estimation based on the concentration of ambient tracers (mannitol) was evaluated, and the results reveal that, for the two sites, the fungal spore relative contribution to PM10 (roadside site: 2.7% to 2.8%; urban background: 1.9% to 2.7%) and OC mass (roadside site: 6.2% to 8.1%; urban background: 3.9% to 7.5%) was significant and always higher in the warmer period.
18
Xiao, Jin, Ei Sakaguchi, and Binlin Shi. "Mannitol evaluated mineral absorption and bone retention in ovariectomized rats." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 5 (October 31, 2019): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/420/2017-cjfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indigestible sugars are used in food production and pharmaceutical industry due to their desirable properties. The effects of mannitol on Ca and Mg absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats were evaluated. Five weeks old ovariectomized Wistar rats were given Ca, Mg-deficient diet for 28 days then fed a control diet or 8% mannitol diets for another 28 days. Feaces were collected twice for 72h to measure mineral absorption. On day 56, rats were slaughtered and cecal parameters were observed. Femurs were collected to measure mineral levels. Results were shown that mineral absorption and femoral mineral was significantly increased by mannitol feeding. Cecal parameters were significantly altered after mannitol consumption. In conclusion, Ca and Mg absorption and their retention were improved by cecal fermentation of mannitol in ovariectomized rats.
19
Nojiri, Shuko, Kazuo Saito, Nobuo Taguchi, Mitsuo Oishi, and Toshio Maki. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sugar Alcohols in Beverages and Foods after Nitrobenzoylation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Use of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBC) to form an ultraviolet-absorbing derivative was attempted to determine the sugar alcohols meso-erythritol, xyli-tol, D-sorbitol,and D-mannitol by liquid chromatography (LC). LC determination of derivatives was performed on an ODS column with acetonitrile–water (65 + 35) as mobile phase. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range 0.01–100 μg/mL. Method sensitivity is 10 to 1000 times higher than that of LC with refractive index detection and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Recoveries of sugars added to various foods at 0.1 and 1% ranged from 91 to 102% for meso-erythritol, 75 to 115% for xylitol, 81 to 105% for D-sorbitol, and 81 to 108% for D-mannitol.
20
Verma, Nitin, and Vivek Kumar. "Influence of Sugars, Sugar Alcohols and Their Combinations on Environmentally Significant Cellulase Production Under Liquid State Fermentation." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To expand the range of soluble carbon sources for enzyme production by the microbial system, we investigated the ability of different sugars in cellulase production. Carbon sources play a vital role in cell metabolism and the synthesis of cellulase. Although the insoluble cellulosic materials are considered the most effective natural inducers for cellulase production by microorganisms in terms of both enzyme yield and productivity, their insolubility causes many problems and presents a major drawback that is partly responsible for the high cost of cellulase production. Mostly, the insolubility of sugar polymer leads to difficult and complex fermentation operations, including sterilization, cell biomass measurement, mixing and aeration of the fermentation broth, continuous feeding/sampling, and subsequent enzyme purification. Second, cellulase gets absorbed into the solid cellulose surface, leading to enzyme loss. The present paper gives a comparative view on the utility of pure sugars (lactose, CMC, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, xylose, trehalose, arabinose) and sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol) on cellulase production by various fungal strains. It also describes the blending effect of sugars as well as sugar alcohols on cellulase production by fungal strains.
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Delahunty, T., and D. Hollander. "Liquid-chromatographic method for estimating urinary sugars: applicability to studies of intestinal permeability." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.8.1542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Sugars of exogenous origin excreted in the urine can be rapidly quantified by "high-pressure" liquid chromatography. A simple extraction with an ion-exchange resin is used to prepare the sample for analysis. Aliquots (20 microL) are chromatographed on a cation-exchange column at 85 degrees C, with water as the mobile phase. Sugars are detected with a refractive index detector. Lactulose, rhamnose, and mannitol all give discrete peaks and a linear response up to 5 g/L, with analytical recoveries from urine of 80, 62, and 80%, respectively. Precision is good, the CVs for lactulose, rhamnose, and mannitol being 2.9, 4.0, and 5.6%, respectively. The only endogenous compound consistently present in the chromatograms is urea, which does not interfere. However, glucosuria, if present, could interfere with the lactulose estimation. This method may be a simple, labor-saving means of quantifying urinary sugars in the clinical laboratory.
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Kynaston, J. A., S. C. Fleming, M. F. Laker, and A. D. Pearson. "Simultaneous quantification of mannitol, 3-O-methyl glucose, and lactulose in urine by HPLC with pulsed electrochemical detection, for use in studies of intestinal permeability." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The percentage of an oral dose of mannitol, 3-O-methyl glucose, and lactulose excreted in urine is used in noninvasive investigation of active and passive intestinal mucosal transport. We developed a high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method involving anion exchange and pulsed electrochemical detection that allows the simultaneous determination of all three sugar probes in urine. Sample preparation is simple: diluting, mixing with internal standard (melibiose), and desalting. With use of a Dionex 250 x 40 mm Carbopac PA-1 column and elution with an isocratic mixture of 120 mmol/L NaOH and 0.5 mmol/L zinc acetate, all sugars were resolved within 10 min. The standard curve of the method is linear to the following concentrations: mannitol 125 mg/L, 3-O-methyl glucose 300 mg/L, and lactulose 40 mg/L. The minimal detectable concentration of lactulose is 0.4 mg/L. Analytical recovery of the sugars is between 89.0% and 99.5%. The precision of estimation (CV) ranges from 1.76% to 5.6% overall. Reference intervals were established from results for 28 healthy children. The method is adaptable for the study of carbohydrates at low concentrations in other biological fluids.
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Hartati, Sri, Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena, Noor Istifadah, and Sri Rosmala Dewi. "Penambahan Gula untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Antagonisme Khamir Rhodotorula minuta terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum Penyebab Antraknosa Cabai secara In-vitro." Agrikultura 29, no. 2 (August 11, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v29i2.19251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe addition of sugar to increase the growth and antagonism of Rhodotorula minuta against Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose on chilli in-vitroBiocontrol can be used as an alternative in controlling anthracnose disease on chilli caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. One of the antagonistic agents that reported to be able to control anthracnose on chilli is Rhodotorula minuta. Some sugars can be utilized by R. minuta for its growth and antagonism. This research was objected to study the effect of addition of some sugars to increase the growth and antagonism of R. minuta. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, and D-xylose at 1%, 2.5% and 5% each. The results showed that the addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, and D-xylose were able to increase the growth of R. minuta. The addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and D-mannitol increased antagonism of R. minuta. The addition of 1% sucrose was able to stimulate the highest growth rate of R. minuta at the cell density of 3.87 x 107 cells/ml. The addition of trehalosa 2.5% increased the colony growth at 3 and 6 days after treatment. Sucrose 2.5%, D-manitol 5%, and glukosa 2,5% caused the highest relative inhibition of R. minuta against C. acutatum.Key words: antagonistic yeast, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, D-xyloseABSTRAKPengendalian hayati dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Salah satu agens antagonis yang telah dilaporkan mampu mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum acutatum adalah khamir Rhodotorula minuta. Beberapa gula dapat dimanfaatkan oleh R. minuta untuk pertumbuhan dan antagonismenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan beberapa gula untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan antagonisme R. minuta. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari penambahan gula glukosa, sukroa, trehalosa, D-mannitol dan D-xylose dengan konsentrasi masing-masing gula 1%, 2,5% dan 5%. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gula glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, D-mannitol, dan D-xylose dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan R. minuta. Penambahan gula glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, dan D-mannitol dapat meningkatkan antagonisme R. minuta. Perlakuan penambahan gula sukrosa 1% merupakan perlakuan yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan R. minuta dengan kerapatan sel tertinggi yaitu sebesar 3,87 x 107 sel/ml. Penambahan trehalosa 2,5% dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan koloni pada 3 HSP dan 6 HSP. Sukrosa 2,5%, D-manitol 5% dan glukosa 2,5% menyebabkan tingkat hambatan relatif R. minuta tertinggi terhadap C. acutatum.Kata kunci : Khamir antagonis, glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, D-mannitol, D-xylosa
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Sekova, Varvara Yu, Daria I. Dergacheva, Elena P. Isakova, Natalya N. Gessler, Vera M. Tereshina, and Yulia I. Deryabina. "Soluble Sugar and Lipid Readjustments in the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast at Various Temperatures and pH." Metabolites 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9120307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microorganisms cope with a wide range of environmental challenges using different mechanisms. Their ability to prosper at extreme ambient pH and high temperatures has been well reported, but the adaptation mechanism often remains unrevealed. In this study, we addressed the dynamics of lipid and sugar profiles upon different cultivation conditions. The results showed that the cells grown at various pH and optimal temperature contained mannitol as the major cytosol sugar alcohol. The elevated temperature of 38 °C led to a two- to three-fold increase in total cytosol sugars with concurrent substitution of mannitol for trehalose. Lipid composition in the cells at optimal temperature changed insignificantly at any pH tested. The increase in the temperature caused some drop in the storage and membrane lipid levels, remarkable changes in their composition, and the degree of unsaturated fatty acids. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of some membrane phospholipids varied considerably at changing pH and temperature values. The data showed a pivotal role and flexibility of the sugar and lipid composition of Y. lipolytica W29 in adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Sequeira, Ivana R., Marlena C. Kruger, Roger D. Hurst, and Roger G. Lentle. "A Simple, Robust, and Convenient HPLC Assay for Urinary Lactulose and Mannitol in the Dual Sugar Absorption Test." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Heterogeneous laborious analytical methodologies for the determination of urinary lactulose and mannitol limit their utility in intestinal permeability testing. Methods: We developed an assay using a Shimadzu HPLC system, an Aminex HPX87C column, and refractive index detection. The test was calibrated using a series of dilutions from standard stock solutions of lactulose and mannitol ‘spiked’ into urine samples. The utility to quantify urinary excretion during the dual sugar absorption test over 6 h was also determined. Results: Lactulose and mannitol were eluted isocratically at 5.7 and 10.1 min, respectively, with water as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1, 858 psi, 60 °C. The calibration curves for both sugars were linear up to 500 µg mL−1 with a limit of detection in standard solutions at 4 µg mL−1 and in ‘spiked’ urine samples at 15 µg mL−1. The intra-assay and inter-assay CVs were between 2.0–5.1% and 2.0–5.1% for lactulose and 2.5–4.4% and 2.8–3.9% for mannitol. The urinary profiles of the 6 h absorption of lactulose and mannitol showed similar peak-retention times to standard solutions and were well-resolved at 5.9 and 10.4 min, respectively. Conclusions: The assay was easy to automate, using commonly available equipment and convenient requiring no prior laborious sample derivatization. The simplicity, reproducibility, and robustness of this assay facilitates its use in routine clinical settings for the quantification of intestinal permeability.
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Gauzy, Laurence, Yves Le Merrer, and Jean-Claude Depezay. "Synthesis of C2-Symmetrical Cyclic Guanidino-Sugars from d-Mannitol." Synlett 1998, no. 4 (April 1998): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1998-3129.
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KELLER, FELIX, and PHILIPPE MATILE. "Storage of sugars and mannitol in petioles of celery leaves." New Phytologist 113, no. 3 (November 1989): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb02406.x.
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DÉJARDIN, Annabelle, Lubomir N. SOKOLOV, and Leszek A. KLECZKOWSKI. "Sugar/osmoticum levels modulate differential abscisic acid-independent expression of two stress-responsive sucrose synthase genes in Arabidopsis." Biochemical Journal 344, no. 2 (November 24, 1999): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3440503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sucrose synthase (Sus) is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism. Two Sus-encoding genes (Sus1 and Sus2) from Arabidopsis thaliana were found to be profoundly and differentially regulated in leaves exposed to environmental stresses (cold stress, drought or O2 deficiency). Transcript levels of Sus1 increased on exposure to cold and drought, whereas Sus2 mRNA was induced specifically by O2 deficiency. Both cold and drought exposures induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and caused a decrease in leaf osmotic potential, whereas O2 deficiency was characterized by a nearly complete depletion in sugars. Feeding abscisic acid (ABA) to detached leaves or subjecting Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants to cold stress conditions had no effect on the expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2, whereas feeding metabolizable sugars (sucrose or glucose) or non-metabolizable osmotica [poly(ethylene glycol), sorbitol or mannitol] mimicked the effects of osmotic stress on Sus1 expression in detached leaves. By using various sucrose/mannitol solutions, we demonstrated that Sus1 was up-regulated by a decrease in leaf osmotic potential rather than an increase in sucrose concentration itself. We suggest that Sus1 expression is regulated via an ABA-independent signal transduction pathway that is related to the perception of a decrease in leaf osmotic potential during stresses. In contrast, the expression of Sus2 was independent of sugar/osmoticum effects, suggesting the involvement of a signal transduction mechanism distinct from that regulating Sus1 expression. The differential stress-responsive regulation of Sus genes in leaves might represent part of a general cellular response to the allocation of carbohydrates during acclimation processes.
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Palonen, Pauliina, Danielle Donnelly, and Deborah Buszard. "Effect of Elevated Medium Sucrose Levels on Cold Hardiness of `Festival' Red Raspberry in Vitro." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 850D—850. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.850d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low tissue-water content and increased osmotic concentration of cell sap are associated with frost resistance. Changes in total osmotic concentration of cell sap are due mainly to changes in concentration of sugars. Generally, sugar content increases with hardening and decreases with dehardening. This study examined the effect of elevated sucrose levels (3% to 15%) in the medium on the cold hardiness of `Festival' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots in vitro. To determine whether expected hardening is caused by elevated sucrose levels or by osmotic stress, different levels of mannitol in the media have been tested. After growing raspberry shoots on media with different levels of sucrose and mannitol for 2 weeks, shoot moisture content (percent) was determined. Cold hardiness of the shoots was determined by using differential thermal analysis or artificially freezing the shoots and assessing the survival by regrowth test and visual rating.
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Kuehny, Jeff S., William B. Miller, and Dennis R. Decoteau. "Changes in Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Relationships during Episodic Growth of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 5 (September 1997): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.5.634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rooted cuttings of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., an episodically growing species, were grown hydroponically in a controlled-environment growth chamber to determine allocation of glucose, mannitol, total soluble sugars, and total protein in mature leaves, flush leaves, stems, and roots. During the 65 days of episodic growth, 43% of the total soluble sugars was glucose and 33% mannitol. Glucose concentrations of mature leaves decreased during the first root growth episode, increased in almost all plant tissue during a shoot growth episode and decreased in all plant tissue at initiation of a second root growth episode. Mannitol concentrations in the roots and stems decreased during episodes of root growth and increased during a shoot growth episode when leaf flush mannitol concentrations increased. Radiolabeled C applied to leaves before the initiation of the first period of shoot elongation was translocated to the roots. After shoot elongation, just before a root growth episode, most labeled C was translocated to new shoots and roots. Autoradiographs indicated that subsequent episodes of shoot growth were supported by photosynthate from the previous shoot flush. Protein concentrations decreased in all plant tissues during shoot growth but increased in roots and mature leaves during root growth. Concentrations of 15N in leaf and stem tissue indicated retranslocated N supported each episode of shoot growth. Changes in endogenous C and N concentrations and allocation patterns in ligustrum were linked to the control of episodic shoot and root growth.
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Perica, Slavko, Nacer Bellaloui, Carl Greve, Hening Hu, and Patrick H. Brown. "Boron Transport and Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations in Olive." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 3 (May 2001): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.3.291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Boron (B) remobilization, mannitol and glucose concentrations, and the effect of B application on changes in soluble carbohydrates were investigated in various organs of bearing `Manzanillo' olive trees (Olea europaea L. `Manzanillo'). Following foliar 10B application to leaves of various ages, there was significant 10B export out of the treated leaves, and significant 10B enrichment in nontreated adjacent organs, including inflorescences and fruit. Results demonstrated that B can be remobilized from leaves of various ages, and that foliar-applied B is phloem mobile in olive. Soluble carbohydrate analysis determined that mannitol and glucose are the predominant sugars in all organs analyzed and that the mannitol concentration in the leaves is adequate to account for all B transport. This is consistent with observations in other species, where the presence of mannitol is known to facilitate phloem B transport through formation of a mannitol-B complex. Previous reports have indicated that B application can alter carbohydrate metabolism. In the present study, foliar B application significantly suppressed glucose concentration in the leaf petioles of all ages and increased mannitol in petioles of the current-year-developed leaves.
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Le Strat, Yoran, Thierry Tonon, Catherine Leblanc, and Agnès Groisillier. "Characterization of Redox Sensitive Brown Algal Mannitol-1-Phosphatases." Phycology 3, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology3010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Macroalgae (seaweeds) are key primary producers in marine coastal habitats and largely contribute to global ocean carbon fluxes. They also represent attractive renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels, food, feed, and bioactive. Brown algae are seaweeds that produce alginates and fucose containing sulfated polysaccharides in their cell wall and laminarin and mannitol for carbon storage. The availability of genomes of the kelp Saccharina japonica and of the filamentous Ectocarpus sp. paved the way for the biochemical characterization of recombinant enzymes involved in their polysaccharide and carbohydrates synthesis, including, notably, mannitol. Brown algal mannitol biosynthesis starts with the conversion of fructose-6-phospate into mannitol-1-phosphate (mannitol-1P), and this intermediate is hydrolysed by a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase (M1Pase) to produce mannitol. We report here the biochemical characterization of a second M1Pase in Ectocarpus sp. (EsM1Pase1). Both Ectocarpus M1Pases were redox-sensitive enzymes, with EsM1Pase1 active only in presence of the reducing agent. Such catalytic properties have not been observed for any M1Pases yet. EsM1Pases were specific to mannitol-1-P, in contrast to S. japonica M1Pases that could act on other phosphorylated sugars. Finally, brown algal M1Pases formed two well-supported clades, with possible distinct subcellular localization and physiological role(s) under diverse environmental conditions and/or life cycle stages.
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Ajdić, Dragana, and Vi T. T. Pham. "Global Transcriptional Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Sugar Transporters Using Microarrays." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 14 (May 11, 2007): 5049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00338-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The transport of carbohydrates by Streptococcus mutans is accomplished by the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (PTS) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. To undertake a global transcriptional analysis of all S. mutans sugar transporters simultaneously, we used a whole-genome expression microarray. Global transcription profiles of S. mutans UA159 were determined for several monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose), a β-glucoside (cellobiose), oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose, and maltotriose), and a sugar alcohol (mannitol). The results revealed that PTSs were responsible for transport of monosaccharides, disaccharides, β-glucosides, and sugar alcohol. Six PTSs were transcribed only if a specific sugar was present in the growth medium; thus, they were regulated at the transcriptional level. These included transporters for fructose, lactose, cellobiose, and trehalose and two transporters for mannitol. Three PTSs were repressed under all conditions tested. Interestingly, five PTSs were always highly expressed regardless of the sugar source used, presumably suggesting their availability for immediate uptake of most common dietary sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose). The ABC transporters were found to be specific for oligosaccharides, raffinose, stachyose, and isomaltosaccharides. Compared to the PTSs, the ABC transporters showed higher transcription under several tested conditions, suggesting that they might be transporting multiple substrates.
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Wiktor, Artur, Magdalena Chadzynska, Katarzyna Rybak, Magdalena Dadan, Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert, and Malgorzata Nowacka. "The Influence of Polyols on the Process Kinetics and Bioactive Substance Content in Osmotic Dehydrated Organic Strawberries." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, an increasing interest in reducing sugar consumption has been observed and many studies are conducted on the use of polyols in the osmotic dehydration process to obtain candied or dried fruits. The studies in the literature have focused on the kinetics of the process as well as the basic physical properties. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of investigation of the influence of such polyol solutions such as sorbitol and mannitol used as osmotic substances during the osmotic dehydration process on the contents of bioactive components, including natural colourants. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of polyols (mannitol and sorbitol) in different concentrations on the process kinetics and on chosen physical (colour and structural changes) as well as chemical (sugars and polyol content, total anthocyanin content, total polyphenol content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity) properties of osmotic-dehydrated organic strawberries. Generally, the results showed that the best solution for osmotic dehydration is 30% or 40% sorbitol solutions, while mannitol solution is not recommended due to difficulties with preparing a high-concentration solution and its crystallization in the tissue. In the case of sorbitol, the changes of bioactive compounds, as well as colour change, were similar to the sucrose solution. However, the profile of the sugar changed significantly, in which sucrose, glucose, and fructose were reduced in organic strawberries and were partially replaced by polyols.
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Jaleh, Daie. "Kinetics of Sugar Transport in Isolated Vascular Bundles and Phloem Tissue of Celery." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 2 (March 1986): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.2.216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a favorable plant material for phloem loading studies, because vascular bundles and phloem tissue can be isolated from fleshy petioles with minimal manipulations. Uptake kinetics for sucrose loaded into phloem are different than uptake by phloem-free tissue. In isolated vascular bundles, uptake of phloem sugars (sucrose and mannitol) were biphasic kinetics, consisting of an active, saturating component operating at low sugar concentrations, and linear kinetics at higher sugar concentrations. Glucose uptake exhibited linear kinetics. However, when the glucose analog, 3-0-methyl glucose (unmetabolized) was used, biphasic kinetic profiles were obtained. Sucrose and mannitol uptake in isolated phloem tissue consisted of one saturating component showing Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In the homogenous storage parenchyma tissue, sucrose uptake kinetics were by diffusion and insensitive to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (identical to that of L-glucose). The data suggested the presence of different mechanisms for sucrose uptake across the sieve-tube companion cell complex and nonphloem cells. It is proposed that celery may be a useful system to obtain direct evidence on mechanism of solute loading. Chemical names used: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP).
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van Elburg, R. M., J. J. Uil, F. T. M. Kokke, A. M. Mulder, W. G. M. van de Broek, C. J. J. Mulder, and H. S. A. Heymans. "Repeatability of the Sugar-Absorption Test, Using Lactulose and Mannitol, for Measuring Intestinal Permeability for Sugars." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 20, no. 2 (February 1995): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199502000-00008.
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Samburova, Vera, A. Gannet Hallar, Lynn R. Mazzoleni, Parichehr Saranjampour, Douglas Lowenthal, Steven D. Kohl, and Barbara Zielinska. "Composition of water-soluble organic carbon in non-urban atmospheric aerosol collected at the Storm Peak Laboratory." Environmental Chemistry 10, no. 5 (2013): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental context The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols is a complex mixture of thousands of species, which play an important role in many atmospheric processes, such as absorbing and scattering solar radiation. We analysed the water-soluble organic fraction of ambient aerosol samples, and quantified over 45 carboxylic acids, sugars, sugar anhydrides and sugar alcohols. The presence of fairly high concentrations of sugars and sugar-alcohols suggests a significant biological input (e.g. pollen, fungi and bacteria) to the water-soluble organic fraction of non-urban aerosols. Abstract Water-soluble organic constituents of PM2.5 aerosol (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5µm) have not been well characterised so far. The goal of this work was to perform quantitative analysis of individual water-soluble organic species in aerosol samples collected in July of 2010 at the Storm Peak Laboratory (3210m above sea level) located in the Colorado Park Range (Steamboat Springs, CO, USA). Aqueous extracts were combined into six composites and analysed for organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble OC, inorganic ions, organic acids, lignin derivatives, sugar-alcohols, sugars and sugar-anhydrates. Analysis of higher molecular weight water-soluble organics was done using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Approximately 2400 positive and 4000 negative ions were detected and assigned to monoisotopic molecular formulae in the mass range of 100–800Da. The higher number of negative ions reflects a predominant presence of highly oxidised organic compounds. Individual identified organic species represented up to 30% of the water-soluble organic mass (WSOM). The WSOM fractions of the low molecular weight organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols were 3–12%, 1.0–16% and 0.4–1.9%. Significant amounts of arabitol, mannitol and oxalic acid are most likely associated with airborne fungal spores and conidia that were observed on the filters using high resolution electron microscopy. Overall, higher concentrations of sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose etc.) in comparison with biomass burning tracer levoglucosan indicate that a significant mass fraction of WSOC is related to airborne biological species.
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Li, Jin, Jiajun Chen, Wei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Yeming Chen, and Wanmeng Mu. "Efficient Utilization of Fruit Peels for the Bioproduction of D-Allulose and D-Mannitol." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the demand for low-calorie sweeteners has grown dramatically because consumers are more mindful of their health than they used to be. Therefore, bioproduction of low-calorie sweeteners from low-cost raw materials becomes a hot spot. In this study, a two-stage strategy was established to efficiently utilize D-fructose from fruit and vegetable wastes. Firstly, ketose 3-epimerase was used to produce D-allulose from D-fructose of pear peels. Secondly, the residual D-fructose was converted to D-mannitol by the engineered strain co-expression of D-mannitol 2-dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. Approximately 29.4% D-fructose of pear peels was converted to D-allulose. Subsequently, under optimal conditions (35 °C, pH 6.5, 1 mM Mn2+, 2 g/L dry cells), almost all the residual D-fructose was transformed into D-mannitol with a 93.5% conversion rate. Eventually, from 1 kg fresh pear peel, it could produce 10.8 g of D-allulose and 24.6 g of D-mannitol. This bioprocess strategy provides a vital method to biosynthesize high-value functional sugars from low-cost biomass.
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HUGHES, A., and R. C. LINDSAY. "Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Sugars and Mannitol in Cabbage and Fermenting Sauerkraut." Journal of Food Science 50, no. 6 (November 1985): 1662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10560.x.
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GAUZY, L., Y. LE MERRER, and J. C. DEPEZAY. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C2-Symmetrical Cyclic Guanidino-Sugars from D-Mannitol." ChemInform 29, no. 28 (June 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199828251.
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Willems, D., S. Cadranel, and W. Jacobs. "Measurement of urinary sugars by HPLC in the estimation of intestinal permeability: evaluation in pediatric clinical practice." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 888–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.5.888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Determinations of the permeability of the intestine to various sugars have been used to assess intestinal mucosal abnormalities, but the widespread application of such tests has been prohibited by the complexity of most classically used techniques. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and practicability of using HPLC to estimate intestinal permeability, with mannitol and lactulose as mono- and disaccharides, respectively. The results of the permeability tests were compared with those of intestinal biopsy in 20 children. All patients with an abnormal intestinal biopsy showed a low mannitol recovery, and the patients with allergic symptoms showed a high lactulose recovery. Our preliminary data suggest that HPLC is reliable, gives results comparable with those of other methods, and is a practical way to determine intestinal permeability noninvasively.
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Aboulwafa, Mohammad, Zhongge Zhang, and Milton H. Saier Jr. "Protein-Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli: Influence of the Overexpression of Diverse Transporter-Encoding Genes on the Activities of PTS Sugar Uptake Systems." Microbial Physiology 30, no. 1-6 (2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The prokaryotic phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) concomitantly transports and phosphorylates its substrate sugars. In a recent publication, we provided evidence that protein-protein interactions of the fructose-specific integral membrane transporter (FruAB) with other PTS sugar group translocators regulate the activities of the latter systems in vivo and sometimes in vitro. In this communication, we examine the consequences of the overexpression of several different transport systems on the activities of selected PTS and non-PTS permeases. We report that high levels of these transport systems enhance the in vivo activities of several other systems in a fairly specific fashion. Thus, (1) overexpression of <i>ptsG</i> (glucose porter) selectively enhanced mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake rates; (2) overexpression of <i>mtlA</i> (mannitol porter) promoted methyl α-glucoside (αMG) and 2DG uptake; (3) <i>manYZ</i> (but not <i>manY</i> alone) (mannose porter) overexpression enhanced αMG uptake; (4) <i>galP</i> (galactose porter) overexpression enhanced mannitol and αMG uptake; and (5) <i>ansP</i> (asparagine porter) overexpression preferentially enhanced αMG and 2DG uptake, all presumably as a result of direct protein-protein interactions. Thus, it appears that high level production of several integral membrane permeases enhances sugar uptake rates, with the PtsG and ManXYZ systems being most consistently stimulated, but the MtlA and NagE systems being more selectively stimulated and to a lesser extent. Neither enhanced expression nor in vitro PEP-dependent phosphorylation activities of the target PTS systems were appreciably affected. The results are consistent with the suggestion that integral membrane transport proteins form an interacting network in vivo with physiological consequences, dependent on specific transporters and their concentrations in the membrane.
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Mayo, John A., and John R. Ritchie. "Acidogenic Potential of “Sugar-Free” Cough Drops." Open Dentistry Journal 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2009): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210600903010026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A patient presented with extensive marginal ditching around restorations recently placed during whole-mouth rehabilitation. The patient was not xerostomic and was otherwise normal except for the self-reported excessive use of “sugar-free” cough drops sweetened with sorbitol and Isomalt® (an equimolar mix of glucosyl-mannitol and glucosylsorbitol). This prompted anin vitroinvestigation to determine whetherStreptococcus sobrinus6715, a cariogenic streptococcus, could grow and produce acid in growth medium containing an aqueous extract of such “sugar-free” cough drops. The results indicate thatS. sobrinus6715 uses Isomalt® and sorbitol extensively, producing terminal culture pH as low as 4.2 when grown on medium with cough drop extract containing these sugars. This pH is sufficient to demineralize dental enamel. Patients should be cautioned against the chronic overuse of “sugar-free” cough drops and other “sugar-free” confections sweetened with a mixture of Isomalt® and sorbitol.
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Gervasoni, Jacopo, Aniello Primiano, Cristina Graziani, Franco Scaldaferri, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Urbani, and Silvia Persichilli. "Validation of UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Urinary Lactulose/Mannitol." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Determination of urinary lactulose/mannitol is one of the most used tests to evaluate intestinal barrier function. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry guarantees high levels of selectivity and reproducibility. In this paper we report an upgrade of the previous published liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, introducing more reliable internal standards and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ethylene bridged hybrid amide columns. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography provided an efficient chromatographic separation of the two sugars in 5 min, compared to 15 min using the previous method. The limit of quantification was 10 µg/mL for mannitol and 2.5 µg/mL for lactulose, and the assay was linear up to 1000 µg/mL for mannitol and 1000 µg/mL for lactulose. The within-run precision and accuracy ranged from 0.7 to 2.9% and 97.2 to 101.2%, respectively. The between-run precision and accuracy ranged from 1.9 to 4.7% and 94.8 to 97.5%, respectively. Recovery was higher than 90.2% for both lactulose and mannitol, and the matrix effect for both lactulose and mannitol was lower than 15%. With this new method we have a real improvement in terms of accuracy and reproducibility, ensuring results in shorter time. The changes to the previous protocol make this method excellent for routine purposes.
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Pinto, Joana T., Sarah Zellnitz, Tomaso Guidi, Francesca Schiaretti, Hartmuth Schroettner, and Amrit Paudel. "Spray-Congealing and Wet-Sieving as Alternative Processes for Engineering of Inhalation Carrier Particles: Comparison of Surface Properties, Blending and In Vitro Performance." Pharmaceutical Research 38, no. 6 (June 2021): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03061-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Purpose Traditionally, α-lactose monohydrate is the carrier of choice in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. Nonetheless, other sugars, such as D-mannitol, have emerged as potential alternatives. Herein, we explored different particle engineering processes to produce D-mannitol carriers for inhaled delivery. Methods Wet-sieving and spray-congealing were employed as innovative techniques to evaluate the impact of engineering on the particle properties of D-mannitol. To that end, the resulting powders were characterized concerning their solid-state, micromeritics and flowability. Afterwards, the engineered carrier particles were blended with inhalable size beclomethasone dipropionate to form low dose (1 wt%) DPI formulations. The in vitro aerosolization performance was evaluated using the NEXThaler®, a reservoir multi-dose device. Results Wet-sieving generated D-mannitol particles with a narrow particle size distribution and spray-congealing free-flowing spherical particles. The more uniform pumice particles with deep voids and clefts of wet-sieved D-mannitol (Pearl300_WS) were beneficial to drug aerosolization, only when used in combination with a ternary agent (10 wt% of ‘Preblend’). When compared to the starting material, the spray-congealed D-mannitol has shown to be promising in terms of the relative increase of the fine particle fraction of the drug (around 100%), when used without the addition of ternary agents. Conclusions The wet-sieving process and the related aerosolization performance are strongly dependent on the topography and structure of the starting material. Spray-congealing, has shown to be a potential process for generating smooth spherical particles of D-mannitol that enhance the in vitro aerosolization performance in binary blends of the carrier with a low drug dose.
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Verma, Santosh Kumar, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang. "Measurement report: Diurnal and temporal variations of sugar compounds in suburban aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing, China – an influence of biogenic and anthropogenic sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 6 (March 30, 2021): 4959–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sugar compounds (SCs) are major water-soluble constituents in atmospheric aerosols. In this study, we investigated their molecular compositions and abundances in the northern receptor site (Mangshan) of Beijing, China, to better understand the contributions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. The sampling site receives anthropogenic air mass transported from Beijing by southerly winds, while northerly winds transport relatively clean air mass from the forest areas. Day- and nighttime variations were analyzed for anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols in autumn 2007. We found that biomass burning (BB) tracers were more abundant at nighttime than daytime, while other SCs showed different diurnal variations. Levoglucosan was found to be dominant sugar among the SCs observed, indicating an intense influence of local BB for cooking and space heating at the surroundings of the Mangshan site. The high levels of arabitol and mannitol in daytime suggest a significant contribution of locally emitted fungal spores and long-range-transported bioaerosols from the Beijing area. The plant emissions from Mangshan forest park significantly control the diurnal variations of glucose, fructose, and mannitol. The meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature, and rainfall) significantly affect the concentrations and diurnal variations of SCs. Sucrose (pollen tracer) showed a clear diurnal variation, peaking in the daytime due to higher ambient temperature and wind speed, which influences the pollen release from the forest plants. We found the contribution of trehalose from soil dust in daytime, while microbial and fungal spores were responsible for nighttime. Anhydrosugar and primary sugars are prime carbon sources of the Mangshan aerosols. The high ratios of levoglucosan in organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon at nighttime suggest a significant contribution of BB to organic aerosols at night. Levoglucosan / mannosan ratios demonstrate that low-temperature burning of hardwood is dominant in Mangshan. The positive matrix factorization analysis concluded that forest vegetation, fungal species, and local BB are the significant sources of SCs.
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Saleena, Lejaniya Abdul Kalam, Deepak Chandran, Geetha Rayirath, Arjun Shanavas, Sureshkumar Rajalingam, Marthandan Vishvanathan, Khan Sharun, and Kuldeep Dhama. "Development of Low-calorie Functional Yoghurt by Incorporating Mannitol Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria (Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides) in the Standard Yoghurt Culture." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As calorie-consciousness becomes a worldwide phenomenon, demand for low-calorie sweeteners is increasing. Compared to other sugars, the reduced calorific value of mannitol (1.6 kilocalories per gram) finds its application as a sweetener in low-calorie foods. The present study was conducted to develop low-calorie yoghurt by adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) having significant mannitol production potential. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides IMAU:11666 was incorporated to standard yoghurt culture as adjunct culture. As mannitol is a food-grade sweetener with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) endorsement, the newly identified LAB strain can be used to develop low-calorie dairy products with beneficial effects. Side effects of other artificial sweeteners can also be reduced. Significantly high (p≤0.05) mannitol content was observed in functional yoghurt samples T1 (12.27 ± 0.18 g/l) and T2 (14.13 ± 0.30 g/l) with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides when compared to control samples. The calorific value obtained for yoghurt samples viz., C1, C2, T1, and T2 (86, 95, 98, and 92 kcal/100g, respectively) was less than control yoghurt C (99 kcal/100 gm). Microbial and chemical quality parameters of the functional yoghurt were in the safe and acceptable zone. On sensory evaluation of yoghurt samples, significantly higher overall and flavor scores were observed for sample T2 with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides.
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Camu, Nicholas, Tom De Winter, Kristof Verbrugghe, Ilse Cleenwerck, Peter Vandamme, Jemmy S. Takrama, Marc Vancanneyt, and Luc De Vuyst. "Dynamics and Biodiversity of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Acetic Acid Bacteria Involved in Spontaneous Heap Fermentation of Cocoa Beans in Ghana." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 6 (March 15, 2007): 1809–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02189-06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. A culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based PCR analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE] of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, PCR-DGGE) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) during fermentation. Four main clusters were identified among the LAB isolated: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Other taxa encompassed, for instance, Weissella. Only four clusters were found among the AAB identified: Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter syzygii-like bacteria, and two small clusters of Acetobacter tropicalis-like bacteria. Particular strains of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus, originating from the environment, were well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing during Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation and apparently played a significant role in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Yeasts produced ethanol from sugars, and LAB produced lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and mannitol from sugars and/or citrate. Whereas L. plantarum strains were abundant in the beginning of the fermentation, L. fermentum strains converted fructose into mannitol upon prolonged fermentation. A. pasteurianus grew on ethanol, mannitol, and lactate and converted ethanol into acetic acid. A newly proposed Weissella sp., referred to as “Weissella ghanaensis,” was detected through PCR-DGGE analysis in some of the fermentations and was only occasionally picked up through culture-based isolation. Two new species of Acetobacter were found as well, namely, the species tentatively named“ Acetobacter senegalensis” (A. tropicalis-like) and “Acetobacter ghanaensis” (A. syzygii-like).
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Hayashi, Toru, and Setsuko Todoriki. "Sugars Prevent the Detrimental Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Cut Chrysanthemums." HortScience 31, no. 1 (February 1996): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.1.117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aqueous solution (2%) of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or maltose delayed bloom wilting and foliage yellowing of cut chrysanthemums [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] caused by gamma irradiation at 750 Gy. Solutions of silver thiosulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, potassium sorbate, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, 6-benzylamino purine, and gibberellin did not reduce irradiation damage. Holding chrysanthemum cut flowers in a sucrose solution before and during irradiation did not influence the vase life, but holding the cut flowers in a sucrose solution following irradiation prolonged the vase life. The results suggest that sugars reduce radiation-induced physiological deterioration of chrysanthemums.
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Bazeed, Alaa Yosf, Ahmed Nouh, Ebtessam Ahmed Essa, and Gamal El Maghraby. "Hydrophilic Sugars for Enhancing Dissolution Rate of Cilostazol: Effect of Wet Co-Processing." Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (October 2, 2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ps.2020.64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cilostazol is an anti-platelets drug with considerable antithrombotic effects in vivo. Therefore, it is widely used by elderly patients. However, it suffers from poor bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility. The objective of this work was to enhance the dissolution of cilostazol with the aim of formulating fast dissolving tablets for geriatrics and those of swallowing difficulties. Methods: Ethanol-assisted co-grinding of cilostazol with sugar-based excipients was adopted. Sucralose and mannitol were used for this purpose as hydrophilic excipient as well as taste improving agents. The obtained products were investigated regarding differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in vitro drug dissolution. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared and evaluated. Results: Thermal behavior of the developed products reflected reduced crystallinity, it also suggested possible existence of new crystalline species with sucralose. Eutexia was also suggested for mannitol mixtures, that was supported by X-ray diffraction data. SEM indicated size reduction with the deposition of the drug as submicron particles over the excipient surface. Co-processing markedly improved cilostazol dissolution compared to unprocessed drug. The optimized formulations were successively formulated into fast disintegrating tablets. Conclusion: This investigation introduced the wet grinding strategy with sugar excipients as a platform for the formulation of easy to use tablets with optimum drug release.