Дисертації: "Management of economic development"

1

Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and I. S. Marekha. "Economic determinants of sustainable development management." Thesis, Вид-во СумдУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17167.

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2

McGuire, Andrew. "Performance management within Scotland's economic development agencies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248744.

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3

Rusden, Sally Anne 1954. "Management of the community economic base as a strategy for economic development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276924.

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Application of economic base analysis at a multi-level scale illustrates the usefulness of this approach to tracking and measuring the economic flows and linkages between three defined areas. A census survey of employers in six rural communities of the White Mountain Region of Arizona is used to collect employment and sales data at a high level of specificity. These data serve as the basis for bifurcation of basic and nonbasic components necessary for estimating the multiplier. Measurement of these data determine the extent of economic dependence and spatial interaction which exist between communities, and between the region and the outside world. In addition, the study refines established procedures and applies a full range of adjustments to primary and secondary data sources to produce highly refined multipliers for the region and each community.

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4

Alayan, Amal Muhammad Musa. "Strategies for technology-based economic development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35362.

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5

Venkatasubramaniam, Shivram 1964. "Economic development through entrepreneurship in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29720.

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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).
Entrepreneurship, with all its attendant ingredients, is one of the best means of triggering economic and social development in developing countries like India. There are several staple and mandatory ingredients necessary for the nourishment of entrepreneurship such as capital, labor, management, and several others; and several milestones in the evolution of an entrepreneurial opportunity such as funding, recruitment, and so on. As entrepreneurship ideas and opportunities take form and substance, the prevailing process for entrepreneurship in a country results gradually guides an entrepreneur past numerous milestones. The value of entrepreneurship as an economic development tool lies in the compression and/or acceleration of the overall process of entrepreneurship in a country by providing pinpointed assistance in three areas viz. idea development, capital and skills procurement, and organizational growth. This is best achieved by an organizational entity committed to accelerating the entrepreneurship process. This thesis follows through on the above idea specifically in the context of India. India is a durable democracy with a long legacy and history of entrepreneurship dating back to the first century B.C. Modern India features political and economic policies that favour global trade and business, a reliable yet evolving regulatory and legal framework, a resilient financial system, an educated and English-speaking labor force that offers tremendous cost advantages and a growing educational infrastructure of education institutions that offer excellent higher education in technology and business. In summary, as developing countries go, India offers an excellent milieu for aspiring entrepreneurs. A summary country analysis detailing this forms the first part of the thesis. The thesis then identifies candidate business models that could effectively support the one-point agenda of catalyzing entrepreneurship. These four business models differ with respect to the organizational form of the entity concerned, the metrics for success, the measurement of the metrics, possible conflicts of interest, and the estimated overall risk of the venture in the Indian context. The most viable and effective business model is selected. Finally, the thesis builds on the model selected and presents a comprehensive business plan for accelerating entrepreneurship in India.
by Shivram Venkatasubramaniam.
S.M.M.O.T.

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6

Ran, Yibo. "Management development in Chinese state-owned enterprises undergoing economic reform." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395328.

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7

Fisher-Jeffes, Lloyd N. "Development of the simple economic model (SEM) for stormwater management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12233.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Sustainable urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) are increasingly being implemented around the world. A common barrier to the wider use of SuDS in South Africa is the uncertainty regarding their total cost. The need for reasonable predictions of life cycle cost is vital, both in terms of ensuring the viability of the proposed projects as well as to allow for comparison with more conventional designs that have historically relied on concrete pipes and culverts to transport the stormwater to nearby receiving water bodies as quickly and efficiently as possible.

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8

Mapitse, Thobo Gloria. "The management of community development projects by the District Development Committee : a case of Mahalapye Sub District in Botswana." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/527.

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Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2009
The Mahalapye sub District Development Committee is the most significant organization in the sub district as it sets overall goals, direction and priorities with which all development initiatives within the district should conform to. The membership of the committee includes all heads of central and local government departments, government planners, heads of Parastatals, and representatives of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Effective management of projects requires collective consciousness, effort and will and it is important that members of the sub District Development Committee work as a team to ensure that all projects are implemented within the set time frames and limited resources. The development challenges facing Mahalapye sub district are complex. These challenges are not peculiar to the sub district, but are also a challenge to other districts in Botswana. These challenges include the need to implement village infrastructure projects in a cost effective manner in that the projects are completed within the estimated budget and time schedule. The research findings are that indeed the problem of project cost and time overruns is a problem in Mahalapye sub District and that the problem is attributed to the way the projects are managed, in particular, by the sub District Development Committee. A number of recommendations have been provided to help overcome the problem

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9

Terblanche, Johan Christiaan. "Construction and infrastructure development in local economic development : a Southern Cape perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21998.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the past decade the government of South Africa has launched various initiatives to stimulate the economy in general, but more specifically to economically and socially empower previously disadvantaged communities. Initially these initiatives have been very broadly defined, but are increasingly fitting in with the concept of Local Economic Development (LED). The concept of LED is not new; in fact, research has shown that LED initiatives have been successfully implemented in various countries in the world with needs and problems very similar to those of South Africa. This study focuses on the Eden District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa and more specifically on the relation between LED and the construction industry. To answer some relevant questions relating to this topic, a questionnaire has been distributed to the agents of LED in the major municipalities of the district. The survey was divided into four main sections, which dealt with issues relating to both the construction industry and local economic development. The responses in general reflected what could be observed in practice. Due to the current relatively high economic growth in South Africa the regional economies also experience good economic growth. Focusing on the issue of Local Economic Development, it is important to note that the economy of the Eden District is driven by the tourism and public services sectors. Taking the cue from the survey responses, the deduction has therefore been made that the construction industry, consisting of the building and infrastructure subsectors, is driven by the demand for housing and public services. The construction industry was therefore not a driver of economic development, but more a 'secondary' industry, that would benefit from sustainable growth and development in the primary economic sectors. Therefore it is important that managers and agents of local economic development should consider the issue of sustainability when deciding on empowerment and development initiatives. Sustainable development can only be achieved when development initiatives are focused on sectors of the local economy that are the 'primary' industries in the region, and therefore less susceptible to fluctuations in the global and South African economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die laaste 12 jaar het die regering van Suid Afrika verskeie inisiatiewe van stapel gestuur met die doel om die ekonomie te stimuleer, en meer spesifiek om voorheen benadeelde gemeenskappe en individue op maatskaplike en ekonomiese gebied te bemagtig. Aanvanklik was hierdie inisiatiewe slegs breedweg gedefinieer, maar algaande het dit in meer doelgerigte konsepte ontwikkel, waaronder die konsep van Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling (PEO). Hierdie konsep is egter nie nuut nie, en 'n kort literatuurstudie het getoon dat PEO-inisiatiewe reeds met sukses geimplementeer is in verskeie lande met behoeftes en probleme baie soortgelyk aan die van Suid Afrika. Hierdie studie fokus op die Eden Distriksmunisipaliteit in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid Afrika en meer spesifiek op die verband tussen PEG en die konstruksie-industrie. Ten einde sekere relevante vrae te beantwoord, is 'n vraelys aan die verskeie rolspelers in PEG in die groter Munisipaliteite in die distrik gestuur. Die vraelys het uit vier dele bestaan wat elk oor kwessies van beide konstruksie en plaaslike ontwikkeling gehandel het. Die terugvoer van die vraelyste bevestig dat die ekonomiee van die onderskeie provinsies en streke dieselfde positiewe groei ondervind as die landsekonomie in die algemeen. Indien meer spesifiek op die konsep van PEG gefokus word, dan word dit gou duidelik dat die ekonomie van die Eden Distrik hoofsaaklik deur die toerisme- en openbare dienste sektore gedryf word. Hierdie feit, sowel as die antwoorde op die vraelyste, het gelei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die konstruksie-industrie, wat uit die bou- en infrastruktuur subsektore bestaan, hoofsaaklik deur die vraag na behuising en publieke dienste gedryf word. Die konstruksie-industrie is dus nie self 'n drywer van ekonomiese ontwikkeling nie, maar in werklikheid 'n 'sekondere' industrie wat baat vind by volhoubare groei en ontwikkeling in die primere ekonomiese sektore. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat bestuurders en agente van PEG die konsep van volhoubaarheid deeglik oorweeg wanneer daar oor bemagtigings- en ontwikkelings-inisiatiewe besin word. Volhoubare ontwikkeling kan slegs suksesvol geimplementeer word wanneer ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe op die primere industriee in 'n streek gefokus word wat in die algemeen minder blootgestel is aan die sikliese beweging van die Suid-Afrikaanse en globale ekonomiee.

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10

Carrick, Oliver James. "Project management and participation in Ecuadorean development." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42961.

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11

Haynes, Anne Gatling. "Connective development : recognizing the networked city in forming a progressive urban economic development strategy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80997.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100).
The architecture of the economy is in rapid transformation. ' As the innovation economy is the most influential segment of the economy because it creates a ripple of value throughout the broader economy, successful efforts to accelerate innovation will have the greatest overall effect. However, these innovation actors are no longer located in just one geographical location, and the money and resources that support their endeavors are spread across multiple cities, and are continually moving between them. Increasingly today, connectivity occurs both regionally (in innovation hubs and their satellite cities) and meta-regionally (between cities not geographically proximate), and few formal policy frameworks exist to support these expanded geographic networks. Lead institutional and corporate anchors in urban markets are not effectively engaged in this dispersed economic system, further constraining growth. Current Economic Development policies have been unable to catalyze and sustain a period of real sustained growth as they are outdated, restrained by a narrow political lens, subject to regional competition, or locked in a federal policy with little financial strength to do anything impactful. Missing is a layer of meaningful connective infrastructure, to help connect players beyond 'regional clusters,' via complementary linkages and along relational networks. As these economic currents shape human behavior across geographic boundaries, our relationship to place becomes even more important- policy and programmatic instruments now need to support hyper-local place initiatives as well as hyper-linked economic actors to best grow the economy. Additionally, with the lack of granular measures of innovation output to reflect the dynamically linked system, there is inefficiency and redundancy of economic development efforts by cities. The proposed strategies for accelerated innovation will recognize the connections between these specific places, their mutual dependency and complementarity, as well as the specific urban environments in order to boosts growth and economic sustainability.
by Anne Gatling Haynes.
M.B.A.

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12

Özcan, Gül. "Small firms and local economic development in Turkey : three case study areas." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3278/.

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This thesis analyses small firms and local economic development in a semi-peripheral country, Turkey. The study argues that small firms in Turkey, as in other Southern European countries, have different characteristics from those in third world countries and in advanced economies. Therefore, they cannot be fully understood and conceptualized within dualist approaches, or the flexible specialization and post-Fordist theories. The thesis suggests that these approaches cannot explain all the dynamics of small firms and their role in local economic development in the Southern European semi-periphery. Instead, small firms have to be understood for their role in the generation of personal income within family and social networks within the local economies of these countries. The fieldwork for the thesis is designed to reveal spatial and sectoral dimensions of small firms. l'hree sub-sectors from commerce, manufacturing, and construction were chosen. Three medium-sized cities from three different regions in Turkey were selected as the survey areas. In each survey city, small firm owners, chambers of commerce and industry, training schools and local informants were approached. In total 216 structured questionnaires were conducted with small business owners. In addition, a series of semi-structured interviews and in-depth analyses were developed throughout the field survey. Research findings show that the city economies in the survey areas are dominated by indigenous small and medium-sized firms. These are important elements for wealth and income generation for entrepreneurs, and their immediate family and relatives. While geographical variations between cities were found to be relatively small, there are significant sectoral differences in terms of role, transformation and change of small businesses. Contrary to the flexibility theory, small firms are not innovative and internationally competitive. They are vulnerable to macro economic problems and policy changes. This survey revealed numerous characteristics of Turkish small firms which are similar to those found by researchers working in other countries. These are the highly personal and unstructured nature of business practice, the informal style of management, and the importance of family and friend involvement and networks. Anthropological aspects and entrepreneurial strategies were found to be very important for the growth and survival of small firms in Turkey in the absence of institutional support and complex business networks. This research opens new channels to investigate small firms in medium-sized cities in the European semi-periphery.

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13

Ngxiza, Sonwabile. "Governance, management and Implementation challenges of Local Economic Development (LED) in Khayelitsha." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1659_1307441323.

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Development should not be viewed as just a project but must be understood as an overarching strategy with a thorough implementation plan and specific targets as well as review mechanisms. All different spheres of government, organs of civil society and business have a tremendous role to play in pursuit of sustainable economic growth and development. In Khayelitsha there are emerging trends of bulk infrastructure spending and community led partnership that seek to unlock the economic potential however this progress has thus far been limited to retail development with no productive industrial development.

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14

Klaiber, Julia Beth. "Affordable live/work housing for artists in urban economic development planning." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413371285.

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15

Slabbert, Roelou. "A study of the history of and prospects for economic growth in African countries, with specific reference to Angola, Ghana and Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49207.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Africa's economic growth will not be found across the Atlantic or Indian oceans in international markets. Growth will not be achieved by simply giving away state assets in large privatisation transactions. Growth will also not come from giving away valuable concessions to scarce natural resources or handing out investment incentives to resource seeking foreign investors. Governments and policy makers need to accept that drivers to sustainable economic growth, lies much closer to home. Not in greater domestic savings by that average man in the street (who, in Africa's poor economies, often would need to forego a daily meal in order to save), but even closer. The policies for economic growth in Africa need to be focussed on flrst achieving production and allocative efficiencies at home. The real drivers to achieve growth are to be found in the primary responsibilities of the state: Political stability though good governance Stable macroeconomic environments Good working infrastructures Educated and trained labour forces Sizable market through regional cooperation (eg. SADe) African leaders and policy makers would be well served by a change in policy and attitude. Searching for solutions from within, rather than from abroad, will provide more sustainable growth. Requests for international debt relieve, complaints about (and excuses based on) the wrongs of the colonial past, demands for international trade concessions and efforts to secure international investment; may only result in a shift in the focus away from the basic problems at home. At the same time, a committed and disciplined focus on political and macro-economic stability; an efficient infrastructure, quality labour and bigger markets will naturally lead to substantial increases in international trade (while at the same time provide for better platform for negotiating international trade dispensation), will generate foreign investment and will reduce the importance of debt relieve. In addition, an stable environment combined with a reliable infrastructure and a quality labour force provides fertile grounds for local African entrepreneurs to excel and in time create opportunities for domestic savings and organic growth. This study does will not convey a popular message. No quick fixes exist and Africa will have to turn their focus inwards. Africa will have to stop blaming past rulers and stop pleading with current the world leaders. International political and economical leaders will not come to the rescue of Africa, however wrong the past has been. Africa will have to pick itself up by its own bootlaces.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekonorniese groei in Afrika sal nie gevind word oorkant die Atrlantiese of Indiese oseane in intemasionale markte nie. Groei sal nie behaal word deur eenvoudig staatbates weg te gee in groot privatiserings transaksies nie. Groei sal ook nie bewerkstellig word deur waardevolle konsessies tot skaars natuurlike hulpbronne uit te deel of deur toegewings vir die aansporing van beleggings aan hulpbron soekende intemasionale beleggers te maak nie. Owerhede en beleidmakers moet aanvaar dat die drywers vir volhoubare ekonomiese groei veel nader aan die huis Ie. Nie in groter huishoudelike besparings deur die man in die straat nie (wie Afrika se arm ekonomie waarskynlik 'n maaltyd sal moet prysegee om te kan spaar.), maar selfs nader. Die beleid vir ekonomiese groei in Afrika moet gefokus wees daarop om eerstens produksie en allokasie effektiwiteit in die plaaslike ekonomie te behaal. Die drywers om dit reg te kry word gevind in die primere vernatwoordelikhede van die staat: -Politieke stabiliteit deur goeie regering -Stabiele makro-ekonomiese omgewing -Goeie werkende infrastruktuur -Opgevoede en opgeleide werkersmag -Redelike grootte markte deur samewerking op streeksvlak (bv. SAOG) Afrika leiers en beleidmakers sal baat by 'n verandering in beleid en houding. Die soeke na oplossing van binne eerder as in die buiteland, sal eerder volhoubare groei bied. Versoeke vir intemasionale skuldverligting, klagtes rakende (en verskonings gebaseer op) die foute van die koloniale verlede, eise vir intemasionale handelskonsessies en pogings om internasionale beleggings te lok; al hierdie aksies lei waarskynlik slegs daartoe dat die fokus en aandag wegskuif van die basiese probleme in die plaaslike ekonomie. Terselfdertyd sal 'n toegewyde en gedissiplineerde fokus op politieke en makroekonomiese stabiliteit, 'n effektiewe infrastruktuur, hoer kwaliteit arbeidsmag en groter markte verseker oor die lang termyn weI lei tot 'n wesentlike toename in intemasionale handel (terwyl dit ook gelyktydig 'n beter platform skep om te onderbandel vir 'n meer voordelige intemasionale handelsdispensasie), meer intemasionale beleggings en sal die belangrikheid van skuldverligting laat afneem. Verder sal 'n stabiele omgewing, gekombineerd met 'n betroubare infrastruktuur en 'n bekwame arbeidsmag 'n vrugbare omgewing daar stel vir plaaslike Afrika entrepreneurs om uit te styg en te presteer. Dit sal oor die lang termyn geleentheid skep vir huishoudelike besparing en organiese groei. Hierdie studie bring nie 'n gewilde boodskap nie. Geen kitsoplossings bestaan nie en Afrika sal hul fokus inwaarts moet verskif. Afrika sal moet ophou om die koloniale heersers van die verlede te blameer en moet ophou om by huidige internasionale leiers te pleit vir hulp en toegewings. Intemasionale politieke en ekonomiese leiers sal nie tot die redding van Afrika kom nie, hoe verkeerd die verlede ookal was. Afrika sal homself moet optel aan sy eie skoenveters.

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16

Golikova, N. "Anticrisis management of the company development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36067.

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The term «crisis management» has recently emerged with the beginning of economic reforms in Russia and with the gradual entry of the country into a state of crisis. Obviously, the economic crisis requires a new type of control, radically different from the management, to be implemented in stable conditions. The aggravation of the crisis in Russia has caused the need for policy crisis management. This special type of management received the name of crisis management. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36067

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17

Mgemane, Lesley Musa. "Stakeholder management for urban development projects in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018588.

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The study arose from a research issue that is both practical and theoretical. The apparent challenges of a stakeholder management nature in the execution of urban development projects in South Africa led to the conception of the study. However, the most compelling need for the study was the theoretical gap – in the urban development theory, in the projects theory, and particularly in the stakeholder management theory – on the management of stakeholders in the South African urban development projects. As a result, the value of the study is both managerial and scholarly. The urban development concept is understood to be referring to the development of urban areas for the purpose of improving the quality of life in the cities, and the development of the infrastructure to enable economic growth. Urban development projects, as vehicles for accomplishing urban development, are important for a newly industrialised economy (NIE) like South Africa. Also, as a result of the political past – in the form of a systematic preferential development based on racial segregation by the previous government, and the two decades of subjection of South Africa to economic and cultural isolation by the international community – South Africa has a huge backlog with regard to the two general purposes of urban development: social progress and economic progress. Consequently, urban development projects in South Africa are very critical and important, particularly for geopolitical and socio-economic reasons. Judging by the extensive negative media coverage, many of the South African urban development projects demonstrate poor stakeholder management. The list of urban development projects that have experienced stakeholder related challenges in South Africa is endless: the Johannesburg BRT project, the Gauteng Freeway Improvement project, the Transnet multi-product pipeline-construction project, the Chapman’s Peak toll-road project, the Kusile and Medupi power stations construction projects, are some examples. The project management profession and body of knowledge view stakeholder management in a serious light, actually a failure in adequately implementing stakeholder management in a project is tantamount to a failure of the project itself. There is also a consensus among numerous researchers that there is a general lack of knowledge for project managers on how to manage stakeholders, particularly external stakeholders. Stakeholder management is a poorly understood and, usually a very badly implemented project management discipline. Managing projects in Africa, and by inference in South Africa, can be particularly complex – given the involvement of multiple stakeholders and their historical, geopolitical, economic relationships, and cultural differences. The study set out to develop a framework to improve the management of stakeholders in urban development projects – by investigating the critical success factors that have an influence on stakeholder management success in urban development projects in South Africa. This study is important primarily because there seems to be no previous research conducted on this important project management discipline, stakeholder management of urban development projects; and there seems to be a neglect of stakeholder management duties by urban development projects agencies, and by inference, projects practitioners in South Africa. A theoretical space was created for this study in the fraternal literature of previous studies on critical success factors and/or stakeholder management in construction projects – as there seem to be none undertaken in the urban development environment, particularly in the South African context.

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18

Saenz, Delgado Santos. "Environmental economic regulations and innovative capability| The clean development mechanism." Thesis, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3585551.

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This dissertation takes on the debate of whether environmental economic regulations hamper or incentivize firm performance, aside from their objectives of pollutant reductions. Research has shown mixed results regarding this matter. This dissertation proposes that the reason for these mixed results is the omission of the capacity of individual firms to assimilate and respond to these regulations, regarded here as signals from the economic and institutional environment. These signals from the environment come in the form of technological change as environmental economic regulations impose limits to the products, processes or services, which are pollutant intensive, or provide pollutant reduction technologies. Therefore the capacity that firms must possess in order to respond to these signals from the environment must be technology related. It is proposed here that the innovative capability can allow for firms to respond, in a performance increasing way, to these signals from the environment, as it entails the capacity of developing or adopting new technologies.

The theoretical approach that this dissertation follows is to frame the economic environmental regulations under a classical regulatory framework, with the diverse mechanisms such as taxes, caps-and-quotas, and subsidies which are regarded as economic environmental regulations, and as signals external to the firm, which act upon it. The innovative capability will be addressed under the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach, as this research is under a strategic management perspective. Here the innovative capability is regarded as part of a firm's dynamic capabilities, and it is the means through which firms can assimilate and respond to changes in the environment. Performance relates to the outcomes of the interaction between environmental economic regulations and the innovative capability, and it is expected that the previously mentioned interaction has an effect over the firm, whether it can be beneficial or not, regarding market access or expansion, or earnings/revenues. In the present research project performance is taken as the efficiency rate, and the earnings/revenues of a project of the Clean Development Mechanism or CDM under the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 2013). The institutional environment will be addressed from North's (1990) new institutional economics perspective of institutional theory, which highlights the capability for firms being moderated or mediated by the external environment and vice versa.

To operationalize environmental economic regulations this dissertation will reach out to the aforementioned Kyoto protocol, an international agreement for emissions reduction. These emissions reductions are achieved through various mechanisms that allow for different entities to reduce their said emissions, separated by what the Protocol has called commitment countries of the Annex I; and non-Annex I countries with no quantitative commitments. The clean development mechanism (CDM) is one of these mechanisms and it is targeted at firms located in countries of the Kyoto protocol that have no reduction commitments, all of which are emerging economies. The CDM provides firms with pollutant reduction technologies that allow them to transform their pollutants into less harmful emissions, while yielding carbon credits with which they can further trade. These technologies differ in their degree of innovativeness, and each project chooses which technology it will be implementing. The innovative capability dimension will be operationalized as the capacity of firms to select and implement projects with high innovativeness levels. Performance will be operationalized as the particular efficiency rate of each CDM project included in the sample. This is a ratio between the expected and the real number of carbon credits yielded by each CDM project. It also might be reflected in economic variables such as the revenues generated by the project which is the difference between the investment of the project and the revenues obtained from the sale of the carbon credits. The CDM allows for analyzing a single environmental economic regulation across different countries, regarded here as different institutional environments. The effect of these different institutional environments on CDM projects will be assessed by analyzing the effect of their different characteristics, such as country's abatement potential, institutional capacity, investment climate, and geographical or regional characteristics. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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19

Шевцов, Сергій Валерійович, Сергей Валерьевич Шевцов, and Serhii Valeriiovych Shevtsov. "Management of cost-effective usage of resources in a steady economic development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36250.

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Economic and social development of the country and resolving of environmental problems is impossible without transition to more effective model of social production and consumption as well as without facelift of the usage of resources. Expanding and extension of cost effective usage of resources promotes the transition of Ukraine to more balanced model of development and accelerates the process of integration into the global world economy. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36250

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20

Puthenveetil, John P. "An Assessment of the Role of Scenario-Based Anticipatory Organizational Learning in Strategy Development---An Organization Development Perspective." Thesis, Benedictine University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10587691.

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The only two certainties in life are death and more uncertainty—with change the only constant. Rapidly changing environments require speedier response. We do not know what the future holds. Crafting strategy when the future is unknown and unknowable is challenging. The increasing uncertainty and turbulence has seen the gradual replacement of forecasting with scenario planning. Unfortunately, we are still trapped in the Taylorist paradigm that there is always one optimal strategy for any company to pursue. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 provided a dramatic demonstration of the risk inherent in any strategic plan that relies on a unidimensional view of the future.

Using this crisis as a Petri dish, this research examined how well scenario planning worked. As the objective of scenario-based strategy development is to improve organizational agility (defined as the speed with which firms sensed and responded to an organizational crisis), the research measured how agile these firms were, measured against an established timeline and a sense and respond model, the Puthenveetil Model.

This study used a qualitative longitudinal case study method using purposive sampling of 14 firms that used scenario planning in strategy development and examined their strategies during the crisis ex post facto, only to find that most firms did not anticipate the crisis. Of those that did, only two—General Electric and Herman Miller, firms steeped in the learning/organization development culture—responded during the pre-crisis period. A surprising finding was that in six of the 14 firms, headcounts increased during this period. As to why so many firms failed to anticipate this crisis, there were three possible explanations: (a) the Cassandra Syndrome, (b) blind confidence in probability, and (c) reactive approach to change. The Puthenveetil Model could be used by individuals and organizations to prepare for the challenges of the VUCA world by hedging against the inevitable surprises that lurk in the background. Uncertainty is not an ally of confidence. Confidence is needed for commitment. Scenario-based thinking should help decision makers think clearly, feel confident, and act decisively.

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Pipkin, Seth Daniel. "Repertoires of development in economic divergence on the U.S. - Mexico border." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77818.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-231).
This dissertation represents a new approach to the age-old social science problem of the underlying causes of economic development. It focuses on two initially very similar cross-border pairs of cities (McAllen, TX - Reynosa, Tamaulipas and Brownsville, TX - Matamoros, Tamaulipas) along the U.S. - Mexico border. The comparison of these two cross-border city pairs reveals that differences in patterns of local behavior led one small city on the US side, McAllen, to successfully exploit the opportunities offered by NAFTA after 1994. A review of relevant economic and demographic data as well as one year of in depth field investigation show that the differences in local outcomes cannot be explained by established causes. Their pre-NAFTA endowments were essentially the same, and McAllen and Brownsville pursued very similar economic development policies. Rather, I trace the economic divergence to the means by which local elites introduced and contested their projects. These differences and similarities enable us to speak of a community's "repertoire," a term borrowed from Tilly (1977, 1993, 2006) and Swidler (1986) to characterize a group's means pursuing and contesting goals with each other. Insofar as they pertain to patterns of communications and trust, repertoires relate to the network literature; however, in the cases observed here, the repertoires seem to predate the key networks of interaction, and, in a sense, to produce rather than to reflect them, suggesting that they are the underlying causal mechanism upon which we need to focus. While very similar for much of their early history, the two US-side cities' repertoires diverged around the 1930s. This took place when a region-wide shift in demographics and industrial base overturned the political boss structure that was common throughout South Texas. Insurgents in McAllen were left to their own devices and defeated their local boss after twenty years of struggle, in the process instituting a new local repertoire based on the "progressive," technocratic, pro-business politics they had brought with them from the American Midwest. Meanwhile, their peers in Brownsville overturned their political boss in half the time, albeit by allying with local pre-existing boss opponents who knew only the old polarized, parochial approach to politics. Thus the long-term history of these cities offers the possibility that repertoires can change dramatically when new resource flows are harnessed by groups who are able to articulate a set of political practices without interruption or cooptation from those steeped in a prevailing repertoire. Although the differences among the two cities' repertoires were apparently inconsequential to their growth patterns during the era of industrial agriculture (1930s-1980s), the opening to global capital in the 1990s provided a venue where McAllen's "collective, constructive and cosmopolitan" repertoire far outperformed Brownsville's set of "atomized, antagonistic, and atypical" practices and understandings. Despite the consistency of these practices over time, there is significant variety in actors' ongoing attempts to come to grips with and solve their problems in uncertain situations. Significant, sustained deviations from local repertoire occur in both McAllen and Brownsville in the present day. In McAllen, the political and social isolation of its local physicians led them to stymie the construction of a medical school in their city, a project which had been a major goal of nearly every other element of the local political and economic elite. Similarly, in Brownsville, the completion of a multi-use education, research, and business development center (called the ITEC) demonstrates that exceptions can arise and produce more than momentary, fleeting effects. Furthermore, the ITEC was the project of the University of Texas at Brownsville, whose involvement in many cases of Brownsville politics-as-usual raises the possibility that organizations are capable of deploying multiple distinct repertoires. These observations taken together suggest the following contributions: first, that economic development can be as much an outcome of locally ingrained cultural practices, tools and techniques as of traditionally defined factors such as geography, human capital, institutions, and policies. Moreover, these local cultures are not simply reducible to other apparent causes of development. Second, it demonstrates that to assess constraints and opportunities in local economic development, repertoires should be taken into account by observing actors in their everyday experiences and experiments across different institutions. Finally, this research shows that repertoires of development are subject to change through groups' ongoing experiences of learning to communicate and coordinate with each other, and that understanding the contingencies therein can help us to better grasp the causes of economic stability and change.
by Seth Daniel Pipkin.
Ph.D.

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22

Hasan, Md Ali. "Management development in Malaysia : within the context of the new economic policy /." Electronic version of summary, 1992. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/1894.pdf.

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23

Roux, Pieter G. Van Der Byl. "Economic development in the Southern African Development Community region : is Rainbow Biotech the next big thing?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14636.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the feasibility and sustainability of producing biodiesel from Jatropha, which contains oil in its seeds by using the Rainbow Biotech economic intervention or also known as the Distributed Food and Fuel Plantation (DFFP) model. The DFFP model is an effective mechanism for producing food and fuel in conjunction with each other, without the biodiesel production influencing the production of food in an adverse way. This is very important, as food security is a high priority for Africa, in order to address the problem of hunger and poverty. Biodiesel produced from Jatropha is an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel diesel, as it is a carbon neutral fuel. Jatropha cultivation will also create much needed employment in the rural areas of Africa, which has the highest need for socio-economic development on the continent. Jatropha also has the ability to grow on marginal soils and wastelands. Africa has vast open spaces on which Jatropha, as a biodiesel source, can be cultivated without infringing on food production areas. The energy return of the whole production cycle of Jatropha biodiesel is nevertheless a source of much debate. Most stakeholders felt that the energy return is negative. No agreement has yet been reached about whether the energy content of the by-products from biodiesel must be included in the integrated energy balance equation. In order to make biodiesel from Jatropha a sustainable alternative for small farmers in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), government and regional policies will have to support it by promoting it actively. This will generate interest from global biodiesel investors who will then be willing to invest in projects based on the DFFP model of economic development. The DFFP model offers investors economic returns on investment of between 29 and 33 per cent and payback periods of less than four years. It is a very attractive economic development instrument, as it will ensure equitable and sustainable economic and rural expansion in SADC. Ultimately, this model has the potential to create a better life for all the inhabitants on the African continent. Rainbow Biotech (the DFFP model), as an economic development mechanism, will therefore indeed be the next big thing for the SADC in the future.

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24

Sililo, Mulambo. "Stock market development and economic growth : a case for Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4626.

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Thesis (MBA (Graduate School of Business))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This present study investigates the directional link between stock market development and economic growth in Zambia for the period 2002-2009, using quarterly data. While there is numerous empirical research conducted on this topic, none of it constitutes an in-depth study of the causal relationship of stock market development and economic growth in Zambia. The investigation of the causal relationship is conducted by using two methods: the recent and better Toda and Yamamoto Causality Test, and the older and popular Granger causality test. As highlighted by recent studies, the results of the Toda and Yamamoto Causality Test approach are more reliable than those of the Granger Causality Test approach, and are therefore preferred for this study. The Granger Causality Test is employed in the study for comparison purposes with the new Toda and Yamamoto approach, as well as comparison with the only study done on Zambia on the topic. Results of the Toda and Yamamoto approach support the demand following hypothesis that economic growth causes stock market development. The Granger Causality Test results lend support to the Independent view that stock market development and economic growth are independent of each other. The Granger Causality Test results support the prior study done on Zambia using the same technique but based on panel data instead of time series data as is the case for the present study. However, as the Granger Causality Test approach inherently has a number of problems, its results are unreliable. Based on the result of the Toda Yamamoto approach, the study argues that the Zambian stock exchange could help promote further economic growth in the country and should therefore be integrated in the whole economic system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die ooreenkoms tussen aandeelmarkontwikkeling en ekonomiese groei in Zambia vir die periode 2002-2009 met die gebruik van kwartaallikse data. Die ondersoek om die verhouding te bepaal word deur twee metodes gedoen naamlik die onlangse en beter “Toda and Yamamoto” toets en die ouer en populêre “Granger” toets. Soos onlangs uitgewys is die uitslae van die “Toda and Yamamoto” toets meer akkuraat as die “Granger” toets en word derhalwe verkies vir hierdie studie. Die Granger toets word gebruik vir vergelykings met die “Toda and Yamamoto” benadering asook vergelyking met die enigste studie wat in Zambië gedoen is op hierdie vakgebied. Resultate van die Toda benadering ondersteun die stelling dat ekonomiese groei veroorsaak aandelemarkontwikkeling terwyl die Granger toets die siening dat markontwikkeling en ekonomiese groei onafhanklik van mekaar is ondersteun. Die Granger toets ondersteun die vorige studie op Zambië wat dieselfde metodiek gebruik het maar wat gebaseer is op “panel data” in plaas van tyd series data soos in die huidige studie. Die Granger studie het 'n aantal inherente probleme en die resultate is daarom onbetroubaar. Gebaseer op die Toda benadering word in die studie geargumenteer dat die Zambiese beurs verdere ekonomiese groei kan bevorder en behoort derhalwe geïntegreerd te word in die hele ekonomiese stelsel.

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Song, Jiashi. "Regional logistics capability and economic development of the regions in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4935.

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Logistics and Supply Chain Management, as the 'last frontier' for firm's cost reduction potential, have been heatedly discussed since half a century ago (Drucker, 1962). In recent years, logistics and supply chain management have emerged as key business concerns and moved much higher up the agenda in organisations in every industry and sector (Christopher, 2005). Adequate and reliable supply is the key to success of not only battles in war, but also equally intense battles in the business arena.

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Armijos, Burneo Maria Teresa. "Negotiating citizenship through communal water management in highland Ecuador." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43280/.

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This research examines the formation of Water User Associations that administer communal drinking water supply systems in highland Ecuador and explores the ways in which they have become one of the many spaces through which indigenous and peasant comunidades negotiate and define citizenship rights. While policy debates and academic research have recognised that safe access to drinking water is an essential aspect of life in terms of wellbeing, health and productivity, less attention has been given to the cultural and political implications that accessing hydrological resources holds for marginalised groups in society. In other words, what are the uses and meanings that water acquires through time for local people? How and why different claims over water management become a source of power struggles and political contestation? Based on fieldwork and archival research the thesis explores the case of an indigenous and peasant comunidad of Otavalo, where during the past 30 years the establishment of drinking water supply systems has brought significant changes to the local population in terms of self-governance practices and forms of organisation. It argues that Water User Associations, originally introduced by the state to manage water, have become a space through which local communities negotiate local identities and articulate development aspirations. In this way, water has become an important political tool for a traditionally marginalised segment of the population who are, through their everyday practices of water management, demanding recognition of their rights via à vis the state. The thesis also shows, that despite the importance of these institutional arrangements access to water is also determined by power asymmetries and inequalities within the comunidad. By analysing user associations for drinking water systems, this thesis also contributes to an area of study that has been ignored by most of the existing water literature as it has tended to favour irrigation water management because it is considered more ‘traditional' and part of the ‘hydrological culture' of the Andes. This is important because there is an estimated 10,000 communal water management systems of which 6,600 to 7,000 are administering drinking water in the rural and peri-urban areas of Ecuador.

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Kurz, Verena. "Municipal waste management in times of economic downturn - the case of the Växjö Municipality (Sweden)." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5572.

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This paper is analysing the development of municipal waste amounts in theSwedish municipality of Växjö. The cause of the analysis were decliningwaste amounts in the second half of 2008, which was a rather atypical developmentsince in the years before, a steady growth could be observed.Therefore, the Waste management department in Växjö raised the questionif and in what way the economic downturn that Sweden is currently undergoingcould affect the waste amounts. This is the central question I try toanswer in this paper. To pursue a systematic analysis, I start with a theoreticalsection on how waste is generated in societies, how waste is managed inSweden and which factors influence the development of municipal waste.Aim of this section is to give a theoretical assessment on how the economicdownturn could affect the actual waste amounts. Then, an empirical analysisof Växjö’s municipal waste amounts is conducted. This is done by timeseries modelling of monthly amounts, by using the ARIMA methodology.The models then are tested on structural breaks that could be attributed to aneconomic downturn. Finally, the waste amounts for the next twelve monthsare forecasted.

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Fu, Sze-kap. "The development of housing services in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22359862.

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Minoli, Dino Michael. "The response of the insurance industry to the developments in environmental management systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271407.

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Carrion, Yaguana Vanessa Del Rocio. "Agricultural Technologies and Economic Development: Three Essays on Technology Adoption and Inequality." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70851.

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This dissertation is composed of three essays examining adoption of agricultural technologies in Ecuador and intergenerational mobility in the United States. The first essay entitled 'Does IPM Have Staying Power? Revisiting a Potato-producing Area Years After Formal Training Ended' examines (Integrated Pest Management) IPM spread and adoption several years after formal intensive IPM outreach efforts ceased in a potato-producing region in Ecuador. It describes adoption patterns and sources of IPM knowledge in 2012 and compares them with patterns that existed when outreach ceased in 2003. Results show that IPM adoption continues in the area but with a lower proportion of farmers adopting all practices and a higher proportion adopting low to moderate levels compared to 2003. Farmer-to-farmer spread has supplanted formal training and outreach mechanisms. IPM adoption significantly lowers pesticide use and saves production costs for adopters. The second essay entitled 'Can Text Messages Improve Agricultural Outreach in Ecuador?' seeks to understand how receipt of text messages complements training from a farmer field day. It measures the effect of text message receipt on adoption of (Integrated Crop Management) ICM technologies and knowledge about these technologies. In the first part of the paper, we present a theory of behavioral change and its application to adoption of agricultural technologies. In the second part, we use intention to treat (ITT) and an improved-ITT analyses to measure the impact of the intervention. The results of this essay suggest that as providers of information, text messages have some knowledge building effect leading to the adoption of IPM practices. As reminders, text messages effectively increase adoption of IPM practices, in particular recommended pesticides. The third essay entitled 'Determinants of Absolute Upward Income Mobility: The Hidden Cost of Commuting' focuses on commuting times as a determinant of upward income mobility in the United States. We provide an explanation of the channel through which the effect of commuting times on upward income mobility operates. Additionally, it evaluates empirically the effect of commuting on upward income mobility. The empirical results confirm the theoretical model predictions that commuting times affect negatively upward income mobility.
Ph. D.

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Isaacs, Deyana Nicolene. "Evaluating local economic development in the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2020.

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Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Great pressure is placed on national government to initiate a way of achieving greater economic growth as well as alleviating poverty. A mandate has therefore been given to local government to play a fundamental role in achieving this. Local Economic Development (LED), a relatively new approach to development, is currently seen as a prominent strategy to tackle the problem of unemployment and poverty in South Africa and provide a bottom-up approach to economic development. It forms part of the economic and social development mandate given by national government to local authorities. However, although policies are in place, LED strategies have produced very few success stories for various reasons, such as the lack of capacity within municipalities as well as resource constraints. It is also alleged that LED is incorrectly interpreted and therefore also incorrectly implemented. Because of the presumed effects of LED in terms of economic growth and social upliftment, pressure is placed on municipalities to get appropriate strategies into place as soon as possible. A literature review is presented which covers the theory of LED by looking at the global perspectives of the concept and nature of LED, the history and concept of LED, the different LED approaches and strategies, and key actors within LED. LED is then evaluated within the context of development in order to establish a link between LED and poverty alleviation. LED is also evaluated within the South African context, specifically with regards to the policy context, the historical approach and the challenges to LED implementation in South Africa. An investigation into the background of the City of Cape Town served as the point of departure to evaluate LED implementation. The issue of regional planning for LED integration between urban and rural areas is also discussed. The challenges to economic and social improvement in the City of Cape Town are also highlighted and the current draft Strategy for Economic and Human Development in the City of Cape Town was evaluated. This was done to investigate the LED approach and specific interventions of the City of Cape Town Municipality in terms of the Comprehensive Approach Model, a model formulated in the thesis. This was done to establish whether it is likely to succeed or not, and therefore the thesis specifically explored the priorities and the fundamentals outlined by the Strategy. Thereafter its possible implementation was assessed according to the organisational structure and how it affects the operationalisation of the Strategy in terms of planning, the process itself, and the monitoring and evaluation of the process. Finally, the challenges to the Strategy were discussed and recommendations were made. From the literature review it is clear that LED should lead to much more than merely economic improvement; this insight reinforces the socio-economic role of LED development intervention strategies. What is also evident in terms of LED in developing countries is that the approach has to establish a strategy which deliberately focuses on pro-poor LED implementation. It is often the way that the process is executed that brings the social focus of LED into perspective.

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Nelana, B. "Co-operative governance in integrated development planning : local economic development in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2097.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
The study evaluated co-operative governance in integrated development planning (IDP), with a focus on local economic development (LED). Literature review, survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were data gathering instruments. Co-operative governance entailed mutual understanding with inclusive decision-making between government spheres and government, business and communities. This was unsuccessful in IDP because of national government dominance, complex tools for co-operation, expert-controlled co-operative governance, finance-dominated planning, a lack of proactive municipal planning and dominance by empowered role-players. Four LED models, namely, a Western, Latin American, African and South African emerged. South Africa’s model is multi-sectoral with land management policy, investor promotion, institutional development, financial and social investment strategies and sufficient policy and legislation. However, co-operative governance in IDP (LED) is dis-functional because of assumed equality of stakeholders. The study recommends a ‘Quilted Co-operative Development Planning Model’, which has a streamlined policy framework, efficient and effective management tools and organisation that promote bottom-up planning.

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Marais, Deidre. "ICT as an enabler for socio-economic development in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/988.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the enabling role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a tool to develop the South African economy, taking into account the change in the economy from a primary to a secondary economy and tertiary economy. It also analyses the impact of apartheid on the social and economic conditions in South Africa (SA). The legacy of apartheid is still evident if we look at the underdevelopment of basic infrastructure in the rural areas. The report studies ICT development within seven provinces and reveals that major gaps exist in the development of the rural versus the urban areas. SA has come a long way fifteen years into democracy, having developed in various areas. However, structural challenges, race, gender and economic inequalities are problems that cannot be resolved in the short term but need long term planning to see desired results. The high poverty rate, inadequately skilled workforce and high unemployment rate in SA makes it difficult to convince local communities that there is a need for ICT. Introducing the internet in rural areas for example is also a major challenge due to the poor infrastructural development and the low penetration of fixed line telecommunication services. The generation of ICT infrastructure and access to this technology is a priority for the development of the South African economy. For SA to achieve their development goals, ICT infrastructure needs to be distributed equally. This is one of the goals of the South African government, more specifically of the Universal Service and Access Agency of South Africa (USAASA). In order for the South African government to create a competitive ICT sector, changes to the regulations and framework strategies in the telecommunications sector was necessary. The Telecommunication Act of 1996 was extensively criticized because the Telkom monopoly was viewed as a major restraint to competition for ICT development. In 2001, the Telecommunication Act of 1996 was modified to address the inequity in the ICT sector and to make telecommunications more affordable. Furthermore, SA signed the World Trade Organization Telecommunication Agreement to liberalise trade by opening up the world market to competition. There exists a lack of clear national strategy in SA that includes the input of all the stakeholders such as Small, Medium and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMME), government departments, private sector etc. The Information Technology (IT) strategy should have timelines with clear guidelines on where the IT industry is going. There is also a need for the identification of focus areas where high growth and development are required. South Africa has the capacity to develop into an ICT leader, but for this to happen the culture must change from being dependent on innovations of developing countries to becoming independent. ICT will not necessarily alleviate poverty, but it is merely an accelerator to develop people by changing information into valuable knowledge to empower communities. Poverty does not only refer to the lack of basic needs like water, shelter and food, but it is also prevalent when people are: • Unable to access property and credit to do business. • Vulnerable and powerless in situations like crime, economic downturns and recessions. • Socially and economically excluded from society. The ICT Charter was developed to address issues such as employment equity, skills development and socio-economic development, as well as to clarify treatment of multinational enterprises. The charter is the Code of Good Practice for the ICT sector. The automation of work processes, machinery and the use of technology has further led to obsolete positions in the workplace. The change in the structure of the South African economy and the emergence of the digital economy has brought about fundamental economic changes. For SA to keep abreast with global developments it must embrace the transformational stages and exploit the market opportunities of the digital economy. The conditions for creating an environment that is conducive to socio-economic growth include investment in ICTs, policies, human resources and a clear IT strategy. These conditions form the pillars on which the framework of this research report is built.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die bemagtigingsrol van inligting- en kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) in die ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Die oorgang in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie van ‘n primêre ekonomie na ‘n sekondêre en tersiêre ekonomie word in ag geneem, en die impak van apartheid op die sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede word geanaliseer. Die nalatenskap van apartheid is nog steeds sigbaar as ons kyk hoe onderontwikkel die basiese infrastruktuur in landelike gebiede is. Hierdie studie ontleed die ontwikkeling van IKT in sewe provinsies, en dit is duidelik dat daar groot verskille bestaan ten opsigte van IKT-ontwikkeling in landelike gebiede vergeleke met dié in stedelike gebiede. Die Suid-Afrikaanse demokrasie het in die afgelope vyftien jaar baie ontwikkel in verskeie areas. Die resultate van die planne wat geïmplementeer word ten opsigte van strukturele probleme, rasseverdeling en ekonomiese ongelykhede sal egter eers oor die langtermyn sigbaar wees. Die hoë armoedesyfer en die oorwegend onvoldoende geskoolde bevolking, tesame met die hoë persentasie werkloosheid in veral landelike gebiede, maak dit moeilik om hierdie gemeenskappe te oortuig dat daar ‘n behoefte aan IKT bestaan. Dis ook moeilik om tegnologie soos die internet in dié gebiede te vestig weens die agterstand in die ontwikkeling van die nodige infrastruktuur en die klein aantal telefoonlyne wat beskikbaar is. Die ontwikkeling van IKT en toegang daartoe is ’n voorvereiste vir die groei van die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Een van die vereistes om dit te bereik is die eweredige verspreiding van IKT-infrastruktuur. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, en meer spesifiek USAASA (Universal Service and Access Agency of South Africa), stel dit gevolglik as een van hulle doelwitte. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het besef dat veranderinge aan die wetgewing rakende die telekommunikasiesektor nodig was om ’n mededingende IKT-sektor te vestig. Die Telekommunikasiewet van 1996 het wye kritiek ontlok, aangesien die monopolie van Telkom geïdentifiseer is as ’n struikelblok in die ontwikkeling van IKT. Die wet is in 2001 hersien, waartydens die ongelykhede in die IKT-sektor aangespreek is, om sodoende telekommunikasie meer bekostigbaar te maak. Suid-Afrika (SA) het ook die World Trade Organisation Telecommunication-ooreenkoms onderteken, wat blootstelling aan internasionale markte en wêreldwye kompetisie verseker. Daar bestaan tans geen duidelike nasionale IKT-strategie wat insette van al die rolspelers, soos Klein- en Medium-Sakeondernemings, regeringsdepartemente en die private sektor, bevat nie. So ’n strategie sal tydroosters met duidelike riglyne aan die IKT-bedryf moet verskaf. Die identifisering van fokusareas waar vinnige groei en ontwikkeling noodsaaklik is, is ’n prioriteit. Suid-Afrika het die vermoë om ’n leier op die gebied van IKT te word, maar die kultuur van afhankliheid van die ontwikkelende lande moet omgeswaai word na ’n kultuur van onafhanklikheid. IKT sal nie noodwendig armoede in SA direk verlig nie, maar dit sal sorg vir die sneller ontwikkeling van mense wanneer inligting getransformeer word na kennis waardeur gemeenskappe bemagtig kan word. Die definisie van armoede is nie beperk tot die gebrek aan basiese lewensmiddele soos water, voedsel en huisvesting nie, maar kom ook voor wanneer mense: • Nie toegang het tot eiendom en krediet om handel te dryf nie. • Weerloos is teen geweld, ekonomiese insinkings en resessies. • Sosiaal en ekonomies afgesny is van die breër samelewing. Die IKT Handves is ontwikkel om ongelykheid op die gebied van indiensneming, vaardigheidsontwikkeling en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling aan te spreek, en om riglyne vir multinasionale projekte te verskaf. Hierdie ooreenkoms vorm ook die gedragskode van die IKT-bedryf. Outomatisering in die werkplek het gelei tot die afskaffing van talle poste. Strukturele veranderinge sowel as die ontwikkeling van die digitale ekonomie het die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie fundamenteel verander. SA moet hierdie transformasietydperk omarm en in pas met die wêreld bly, en in die proses leer om geleenthede in die digitale ekonomie ten volle te benut. Hierdie ondersoek kyk na die voorvereistes om ’n omgewing te skep waarin sosio-ekonomiese groei kan plaasvind, insluitend beleggings in IKT, menslike hulpbronne, beleidsraamwerke en ’n duidelike IKT-strategie. Die genoemde vorm die fondament waarop die raamwerk van hierdie navorsingstudie rus.

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Oliveira, Ana Luísa Martins. "Management Development in Portugal." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53682.

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Oliveira, Ana Luísa Martins. "Management Development in Portugal." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53682.

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Žičkienė, Skaidrė. "Socio-economic aspects of municipal waste management in the context of sustainable development." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050121_131714-40752.

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The idea of harmonizing economic growth with the laws of development of society and the environment is expressed in the concept of sustainable development. In the frame of sustainable development an exceptional importance is attached to studying material flows, therefore management of waste flows must not contradict the principles of sustainable development. In agreement with M. Jacobs, it is possible to affirm that waste management in the context of sustainable development means using materials in closed cycles. Investigating socio-economic efficiency of municipal waste management means studying the organizational waste management process and factors disclosing characteristic features of this process, making deep comparative socio-economic analysis of waste management options and studying waste managements acts both on national and local level in order to reveal the ways of increasing socio-economic efficiency in municipal waste management. This study is induced by the necessity of changing the traditional waste management of depositing it in landfills, by recycling using not only national and international funds, but by mobilizing resources of local waste management systems as well. It is natural, that the policy of waste management, in which neither the scale of economic damage nor future waste management expenditure were evaluated, was orientated towards disposal of waste in refuse dumps. This means transferring problems to future generations, and this cardinally... [to full text]
Dėsninga, jog atliekų tvarkymo politika, kurioje nebuvo įvertinas ekonominės žalos aplinkai ir visuomenei dydis bei būsimos atliekų tvarkymo sąnaudos, buvo orientuota į atliekų deponavimą sąvartynuose. Tokia praktika įvardijama kaip problemų (pavojaus) aplinkai perkėlimas ateities kartoms, o tai kardinaliai prieštarauja darnios plėtros koncepcijai. Todėl keliamas klausimas, kokios atliekų tvarkymo sistemos laikytinos efektyviomis socialiniu-ekonominiu požiūriu. Tyrimai, atlikti Europos Sąjungos šalyse, rodo, jog tai sistemos, kurių ištekliai nukreipti antrinėms žaliavoms tvarkyti ir nuolatinei šio tvarkymo plėtrai organizuoti. Diegiant regionines atliekų tvarkymo sistemas, antrinių žaliavų surinkimo, rūšiavimo ir parengimo perdirbti išlaidoms padengti numatyti du šaltiniai – bendrasis tarifas (ar vietinė rinkliava) ir „Gaminių ar pakuotės atliekų tvarkymo programos“ lėšos. Bendrojo tarifo didinimas atsižvelgiant į atskirų atliekų srautų tvarkymo išlaidas arba tarifo neišrūšiuotai ir rūšiuotai atliekų daliai diferencijavimas priskiriamas prie neatidėliotinų priemonių, tačiau pirmiausia būtina identifikuoti lokalinių komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemų vidinius rezervus, kurių dėka galima padidinti socialinį-ekonominį atliekų tvarkymo rezultatyvumą, kartu praktiškai realizuojant darnios plėtros principus.

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Vodden, Kelly. "'N_anwa_kola, co-management and sustainable community economic development in a BC fishing village." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ51495.pdf.

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Hjerpe, Mattias. "Sustainable Development and Urban Water Management : Linking Theory and Practice of Economic Criteria." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Dept. of Water and Environmental Studies, Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/arts322s.pdf.

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Chiu, Mei-ling Connie, and 趙美玲. "Hong Kong competitiveness in research and development management: toward economic synergy with China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267907.

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Chiu, Mei-ling Connie. "Hong Kong competitiveness in research and development management : toward economic synergy with China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18832908.

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Ali, Juhary Haji. "Personnel management practices in Malaysia : the case of the State Economic Development Corporations." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15340.

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This thesis examines personnel management policies and practices within the State Economic Development Corporations (SEDCs) of the Malaysian economy. It is concerned to explore and access the contemporary influence and significance of personnel managers and their policies on routine SEDC practices. Under the Malaysian government's New Economic Policy (NEP) of 1970, SEDCs are expected to provide employment, training and development of Bumiputra employees (i.e. Malay and other indigenous groups), to produce Bumiputra entrepreneurs and to increase their participation and ownership in the Malaysian commercial and industrial sectors. The empirical research which informs this thesis was designed to examine, first, whether these political, social and economic commitments have and do facilitate the development and emergence of personnel management in the SEDCs. Second, whether personnel managers currently play a significant role in ensuring that these objectives are met, and third whether there is a more significant contribution that personnel managers and policies could potentially make to the employment practices of SEDCs. An overall finding of the empirical research is that there are significant barriers restricting the presence and influence of professional personnel managers in SEDCs. In 8 out of 11 SEDCs there was no separate personnel function or specialised, trained personnel manager. These primary research findings both reflect and reinforce a theme that can be found in some of the more critical personnel management literature which highlights the potential difficulties faced by some personnel managers and the negative consequences of the absence of personnel department in a great variety of organisations, industries and countries. Studies of personnel management suggest that barriers to effective personnel management practices include: the low status of personnel managers, their subordinate relationship to line managers and the prevailing definition of organisational effectiveness that concentrates exclusively upon financial results. Many of the negative consequences of the absence of personnel management such as informalisation, inconsistency, inefficiency of personnel practices have been pointed out. In this research, various cultural, political, legal and structural factors that constitute barriers to personnel management were found. In most SEDCs, the economic and social contributions of the personnel management and the significant role of personnel managers were de-emphasized and neglected. The absence of formalised, decentralised and standardized personnel management causes ad hoc and unsystematic manpower planning and training, discrimination in selection and promotion and a lack of motivational practices. In addition to examining these barriers, the thesis also seeks to highlight where appropriate facilitators to the development of personnel management as well as the potential impact on SEDCs employment practices of personnel management practices and initiatives.

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Muthien, Ignatius Noel. "The economic development impact of passenger transport in the Klipfontein Corridor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50481.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In April 2004, the then Transport MEC of the Western Cape, Tasneem Essop unveiled Government's grand vision of converting Klipfontein Road into a pioneering form of public transport called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). BRT is the public transport system that the provincial government and City of Cape Town have selected to address South Africa's city transport problems, with a future looking perspective. BRT is characterised by dedicated bus lanes, which will be divided from the normal traffic lanes to ensure that 'express' buses can travel unhindered. Government envisages changing the 20 km Klipfontein Road Corridor stretching from the Inner City through Athlone/Gatesville to Nyanga and Khayelitsha into an activity axis of economic transformation, featuring bus stations, convenience stores, supermarkets, coffee shops and kerbside cafes. This vision of turning Klipfontein Corridor into a well of economic prosperity by using rapid bus transport is primarily what this study will focus on. We are asking whether this goal is attainable and what the positive and negative spin-offs are in respect of sustainable economic growth for the city and a reduction in racially rooted inequalities and inequities. Although a lot of the issues relevant for this study have been raised down the years of the MSDF (1993-1996), current literature on the Klipfontein Corridor is very limited as it is a first for the City of Cape Town and the government. In fact, the national and provincial governments in conjunction with the City of Cape Town have chosen the Klipfontein corridor as a pilot project, with a view to a national roll out in other provinces, if this venture proves successful.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In April 2004 het die destydse Minister van Vervoer in die Wes-Kaap, Tasneem Essop onthul dat die regering die groot visie het om Klipfontein weg te transformeer deur gebruik te maak van publieke vervoer bekend as BRT. BRT is die publieke vervoersisteem wat die streeksregering en Kaapstad gekies het, om Suid Afrikaanse stede se vervoerprobleme, met 'n toekoms vooruitsig, op te los. BRT word gekenmerk deur spesiale busbane, apart van die normale verkeer, sodat busse ongehinderd kan voortbeweeg. Die regering beoog om die 20 km Klipfontein korridor te verander in 'n aktiewe node van ekonomiese transformasie met busstasies en winkelkomplekse. Die korridor strek vanaf die Binne Stad deur Athlone/Gatesville na Nyanga en Khayelitsha. Die visie van Me. Tasneem Essop om die Klipfonteinweg te ontwikkel in 'n vooruitstrewende ekonomiese gordel, is die fokus vir die studie. Ons vra of die visie haalbaar is, en wat die positiewe en negatiewe moontlikhede is met betrekking tot langtermyn ekonomiese groei en 'n vermindering in rasse-ongelykhede. Alhoewel baie van die relevante probleme reeds deur die Metropolitaanse Ruimtelike Ontwikkelingsraamwerk (MROR) behandel was, is huidige literatuur oor die Klipfontein projek baie beperk. Tans is dit 'n eerste vir Kaapstad en die regering, wat beoog om soortgelyke projekte uit te rol in ander stede reg oor die land, indien die projek suksesvol is.

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Tamvada, Jagannadha Pawan. "Essays on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989271900/34.

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Bayham, Christopher E. "Linking ecosystem management to local economic development in Tillamook County, Oregon : a preliminary framework for planning /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1405194.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2001.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-220). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Gallenstein, Richard Anthony GALLENSTEIN. "Three Essays on Agricultural Microfinance and Risk Management." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500565176891763.

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46

Lazarus, Hilton. "Infrastructure and its impact on economic development : the case of South Africa and Brazil." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/839.

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Thesis (MDevF (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looks at South Africa and Brazil in a comparative sense to determine how infrastructure development and investment since 1970 to 2002 impacted not only on aggregate GDP but also on social indicators such as gross national income (GNI), infant mortality and literacy within these countries. Although Brazil is four times the size of South Africa, the two countries have political and economic situations that are similar. The more recent history of the two countries suggests that infrastructure development and investment have received priority. The research methodology was to review related literature, secondly to statistically measure the impact of infrastructure investment on the factors mentioned using a linear regression model and, thirdly to analyze and discuss the outcomes. The role of government in infrastructure development is argued to be one of limited capital investment and more of a regulatory one with the consequent result of crowding-in private sector investment. Brazil has in recent times followed a route of public-private partnerships with the South African government on the other hand being the principal investor for infrastructure. The magnitude of elasticity of the impact of infrastructure in both South Africa and Brazil was found to be unusually large implying an implausibly high marginal rate of productivity for capital investment. This could be because of the incompleteness of the data obtained. Furthermore, infrastructure investment in Brazil is found to have a larger social impact than in South Africa, except for aggregate GDP. In conclusion, the results of the statistical analysis corroborate the assertion of the various literatures surveyed. The main findings of the analysis in this study do not conclusively suggest that the path followed by Brazil through public-private partnerships has had a far better effect than in the case of South Africa utilizing substantial government investment to promote infrastructure development. Although the study was not geared towards the effect of policies on the impact of infrastructure, especially on the social fabric of developing countries, further research in this area could be undertaken. The impact of individual measures of economic infrastructure such as railways, roads, ports, air travel, telephones and electricity could also be researched to determine their economic impact in South Africa and Brazil.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie tref ‘n vergelyking tussen Suid-Afrika en Brasilië om vas te stel hoe die ontwikkeling van infrastruktuur en belegging sedert 1970 tot 2002 nie net op die totale bruto binnelandse produk, maar ook op die sosiale aanwysers soos die bruto nasionale inkomste, die sterftesyfers van babas en die geletterdheidsvlakke van die lande impak. Alhoewel Brasilië vier maal groter as Suid-Afrika is, het die twee lande soortgelyke politieke en ekonomiese situasies. Die meer onlangse geskiedenis van die twee lande toon ook dat infrastruktuur en belegging geprioritiseer is. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat gebruik is, is om eerstens die betrokke literatuur te hersien, tweedens om statisties die impak van infrastruktuurbelegging op die gemelde faktore te meet deur ‘n lineêre regressiemodel te gebruik en derdens om die uitkomste te analiseer en te bespreek. Die rol van die regering in infrastruktuurontwikkeling word beskou as een van beperkte kapitaalbelegging en ‘n meer regulerende een met die gevolglike resultaat van verdringing van privaatsektorbelegging. Brasilië het onlangs die weg van openbaarprivate vennootskappe begin volg terwyl die Suid-Afrikaanse regering andersyds die hoofbelegger in infrastruktuur is. Dit is bevind dat die omvang van die elastisiteit van die impak van die infrastruktuur op beide Suid-Afrika en Brasilië ongewoon groot was, wat impliseer dat daar ‘n ongewoon-hoë marginale produktiwiteitskoers vir kapitaalbelegging was. Dit kan as gevolg van die onvolledigheid van die data wees. Verder het infrastruktuurbelegging in Brasilië ‘n groter sosiale impak as in Suid-Afrika getoon, buiten vir die totale bruto binnelandse produk. Ten slotte bevestig die resultate van die statistiese analise die aannames van die verskeidenheid literatuur wat geraadpleeg is. Die hoofbevindings van die analise in hierdie studie bewys nie dat die weg wat deur Brasilië deur middel van openbaar-private vennootskappe gevolg is ‘n baie beter effek het as wat in Suid-Afrika tot stand gebring is deur die benutting van die omvattende regeringsbelegging om infrastruktuurontwikkeling te bevorder nie. Alhoewel die studie nie gefokus was op die uitwerking van die beleide op die impak van infrastruktuur nie, veral op die sosiale sy van ontwikkelende lande nie, behoort verdere studie op hierdie gebied onderneem te word. Die impak van individuele maatstawwe van ekonomiese infrastruktuur soos spoorweë, paaie, hawens, lugvaart, telefone en elektrisiteit kan ook nagevors word om die ekonomiese impak op Suid-Afrika en Brasilië te bepaal.

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Phafane, Matsuna P. "The contribution of international competitiveness to the economic development of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53093.

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Theses (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of international competitiveness has become increasingly important due to globalisation and increased integration between nations and has been referred to as a "new type of warfare" in modern economies. With the advent of globalisation, countries have become more integrated not only through trade but also in financial markets. Consequently, the question of attaining sustainable development through international competitiveness has become very significant. As globalisation proceeds, it would appear that a combination of factors are raising the demand for skilled labour and lowering the demand for unskilled and semi-skilled labour. In South Africa, at least over the short term, the predictions are for declining demand for unskilled and semi-skilled labour and rising demand for skilled and professional occupations. South African manufacturing firms are generally characterised by low spending on innovation. Today there is a shift in the pattern of world trade away from commodity production and raw material intensive simple manufactured goods and towards increasingly knowledge-intensive goods and services. As the more traditional bases of securing a competitive advantage decline for South African manufacturing firms, the ability to compete will increasingly turn on their capacities to master information technology. Technological infrastructure is becoming a key asset for the future competitiveness of a nation. Technology also impacts on education. Therefore, the priority of a competitive nation is to develop the people who will operate the new technological infrastructure and strive to be on the leading edge of future developments. This is one of the reasons why South Africa has to improve on its technology in order to be attractive to foreign investment. It is clear ,that South Africa's current education and training system is not adequate to address the future challenges of the country. An integrated, restructured education and training system that is geared to supplying the necessary manpower to ensure high productivity and international competitiveness is needed if South Africa is to become globally competitive. Therefore the importance of education and training to upgrade people to enable them to earn more cannot be overemphasised. Much more emphasis must be put on technical training in South Africa. After some difficult years of isolation, South Africa has increased its rating on international competitiveness by three positions from 42nd in 2001 to 39th in 2002. It is hoped that South Africa's economic growth rate improves as a result of its pursuit of privatisation; reform of the state sector; and liberalisation of trade and tariffs. The social inequalities inherited from the past, high unemployment and a relatively high inflation rate may constrain the government's economic policy. The development priorities of developing countries such as South Africa include achieving sustained income growth for their economies by raising investment rates, strengthening technological capacities and skills and improving the competitiveness of their exports in world markets, distributing the benefits of growth equitably by creating more and better employment opportunities and protecting and conserving the physical environment for future generations. The new and more competitive context of liberalising and globalising the world economy in which economic activity take place imposes considerable pressures on developing countries to upgrade their resources and capabilities if they are to achieve these objectives. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which international competitiveness contributes to the economic development of South Africa, by studying the theory of comparative advantage and its implications to the modern theory of trade. The study explores and identifies key factors of international competitiveness and globalisation and the success of the application of international competitiveness into practice. The study concludes with possible areas of further research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van internasionale mededingendheid word toenemend belangrik weens globalisering en groter integrasie tussen nasies en daar word in hedendaagse ekonomieë daarna verwys as 'n "nuwe soort oorlog". Met die koms van globalisering het lande nie net deur handel nie maar ook in finansiële markte meer geïntegreerd geraak. Die kwessie van die bewerkstelliging van volgehoue ontwikkeling deur internasionale mededingendheid het gevolglik baie belangrik geword. Namate globalisering voortgaan wil dit voorkom asof 'n kombinasie van faktore die vraag na geskoolde arbeid verhoog en die vraag na ongeskoolde en halfgeskoolde arbeid laat daal. In Suid-Afrika word 'n kleiner vraag na ongeskoolde en halfgeskoolde arbeid en 'n groter vraag na geskoolde en professionele beroepe oor ten minste die kort termyn voorspel. Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigingsmaatskappye word oor die algemeen deur lae besteding aan innovasie gekenmerk. Daar is tans 'n verskuiwing in die patroon van wêreldhandel weg van kommoditeitsproduksie en grondstof-intensiewe eenvoudige vervaardigde goedere na toenemend kennis-intensiewe goedere en dienste. Namate die meer tradisionele grondslae waarop Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigingsmaatskappye 'n mededingende voordeel verkry het, verdwyn, sal die vermoë om mee te ding toenemend afhang van hul vermoë om inligtingstegnologie te bemeester. Tegnologiese infrastruktuur word 'n baie belangrike bate vir die toekomstige mededingendheid van 'n land. Tegnologie het ook 'n impak op onderwys. Die prioriteit van 'n mededingende land is dus die ontwikkeling van die mense wat die nuwe tegnologiese infrastruktuur sal bestuur en wat daarna strewe om aan die spits van toekomstige ontwikkelings te wees. Dit is een van die redes waarom Suid-Afrika sy tegnologie moet verbeter ten einde aantreklik te wees vir buiteland,sebelegging. Dit is duidelik dat Suid-Afrika se huidige onderwys- en opleidingstelsel nie voldoende is om die toekomstige uitdagings vir die land die hoof te bied nie. 'n Geïntegreerde herstruktureerde onderwys- en opleidingstelsel wat daarop gemik is om die nodiqe mannekrag te voorsien om hoë produktiwiteit en internasionale mededingendheid te verseker, word vereis indien Suid-Afrika mededingend wil wees in die internasionale arena. Die belangrikheid van onderwys en opleiding om mense op te gradeer ten einde hulle in staat te stel om meer te verdien, kan nie oorbeklemtoon word nie. Groter klem moet op tegniese opleiding in Suid-Afrika gelê word. Na moeilike jare van isolasie het Suid-Afrika sy gradering ten opsigte van internasionale mededingendheid met drie posisies verbeter vanaf 42ste in 2001 tot 39ste in 2002. Suid-Afrika se ekonomiese groeikoers sal hopelik verbeter as gevolg van sy strewe na privatisering, hervorming van die staatsektor, en liberalisering van handel en tariewe. Die maatskaplike ongelykhede van die verlede, hoë werkloosheid en 'n betreklik hoë inflasiekoers kan moontlik die regering se ekonomiese beleid aan bande lê. Die ontwikkelingsprioriteite van ontwikkelende lande soos Suid-Afrika sluit die volgende in: volgehou inkomstegroei vir hul ekonomieë deur beleggingskoersverhogings, verbetering van tegnologiese kapasiteite en vaardighede, die verbetering van die mededingendheid van hul uitvoere in wêreldmarkte, die billiker verdeling van die voordele van groei deur meer en beter werkgeleenthede te skep, en die beskerming en bewaring van die fisiese omgewing vir toekomstige geslagte. Die nuwe en meer mededingende konteks van die liberalisering en globalisering van die wêreldekonomie waarin ekonomiese aktiwiteit plaasvind, plaas- groot druk op ontwikkelende lande om hul hulpbronne en kapasiteite te opgradeer indien hulle hierdie doelwitte wil bereik. Hierdie studie poog om die mate waarin internasionale mededingendheid tot die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrika bydra, te ondersoek deur die teorie van mededingende voordeel en die implikasies daarvan vir die moderne handelsteorie te bestudeer. Die studie ondersoek en identifiseer die hooffaktore van internasionale mededingendheid en globalisering en die sukses van die toepassing van internasionale mededingendheid in die praktyk. Die studie word afgesluit met voorstelle vir moontlike verdere navorsing.

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48

Botha, Jacobus Lodewicus. "The New Partnership for Africa's Development : African economic growth and regional cooperation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53661.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ever since the 1960's independence move, the African continent has been faced with dire economic and social realities, which were compounded by weak political leadership and state institutions. Although various socio-economic development initiatives, such as the 1980 Lagos Plan of Action and the eventual signing of the Abuja Treaty in 1991 purposed to support Africa's integration into the global economy through export orientated production and regional economic integration, there still existed an incoherency in the strategic response from the continent's political leaders towards regional and continental economic development strategies. While the foundation for establishing an African Economic Community has been laid through the Abuja Treaty within the framework of the Organisation for African Unity, regional economic and trade integration have been fragmented, with many dual and overlapping membership of regional economic communities. Integration endeavours have also often been impeded by national and sub-regional armed conflicts, and thus did not result in the desired levels of economic growth and expected increases in trade. The exigency to address Africa's severe poverty and unemployment, while at the same time placing the continent on a path of sustainable economic growth and development, made it clear that Africa had to take ownership and responsibility for its own development, while at the same time facilitating the continent's integration into the global political, economic, trade, and financial systems. Since Africa lacks sufficient development resources, African leaders realised the importance for support from the international community through more effective debt relief strategies in facilitating targeted domestic resource mobilisation, increased levels of development aid and trade access to developed nations' markets. In 2001 Africa produced its own integrated development initiative that was embodied in the New Partnership for Africa's Development, also known as NEPAD, premised on African leadership, ownership and partnership. Through NEPAD African leaders express a commitment to accountable and transparent political, financial, fiscal and monetary management in the absence of national and regional conflict, while calling on the international community and African and international private sectors to partnership with African governments in their development endeavours. At the same time, NEPAD identified critical sectoral priorities as preconditions for development that would facilitate greater flows of foreign direct investments. As operational sphere, NEPAD relies on prominent regional economic communities to address Africa's economic disadvantages and market fragmentation through development of trade linkages, harmonisation of regulatory frameworks and further regional trade liberalisation. The emphasis is on fostering a favourable African investment environment since it is acknowledged by African leaders that a prosperous private sector and business community are to be the engines of economic growth and development. The success of NEPAD as the socio-economic development plan of the newly formed African Union relies on the strength of only three supportive pillars namely: the sustained political visionary commitment from Africa's leaders, greater investments to the continent and trade access for Africa's products, and active participation from representative sectors of the private sector. Since NEPAD is a highly ambitious initiative, it is imperative that sub-regional strategies take precedence in ensuring NEPAD's long-term success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onafhanklikheidsbeweging van die 1960's staar die Afrika-kontinent knellende ekonomiese en sosiale realiteite in die gesig. Realiteite wat deur swak politieke leierskap en staatsinstellings vererger is. Alhoewel verskeie sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe, soos die 1980 Lagos Plan van Aksie en die uiteindelike ondertekening van die Abuja-verdrag in 1991, beoog het om Afrika se integrasie in die wêreldekonomie te steun deur uitvoer-georiënteerde produksie en ekonomiese integrasie op streeksvlak, was die kontinent se politieke leiers se reaksie op regionale en kontinentale ekonomiese ontwikkelingstrategië inkoherent. Die fondasie vir die tot stand koming van 'n Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap is deur die Abujaverdrag gelê binne die raamwerk van die Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid, maar op streeksvlak was ekonomiese en handelsintegrasie gefragmenteerd - met 'n hoë voorkoms van dubbele en oorvleuelende lidmaatskap by regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe. Pogings tot integrasie is ook dikwels deur gewapende konflikte, nasionaal en subregionaal, belemmer. Voorts het die gewenste vlakke van ekonomiese groei en verwagte toename in handel nie gerealiseer nie. Die dringendheid om Afrika se uiterste armoede en werkloosheid aan te spreek, en terselfdertyd die kontinent op 'n pad van volhoubare ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling te plaas, het dit duidelik gemaak dat Afrika self verantwoordelikheid sal moet neem vir sy ontwikkeling, en daarteenoor die kontinent se integrasie in globale politieke, ekonomiese, handel-, en finansiële sisteme moet fasiliteer. Aangesien Afrika nie oor voldoende ontwikkelingsbronne beskik nie, het Afrika-leiers die belangrikheid besef van die internasionale gemeenskap se steun, d.m.v. meer effektiewe skuldlenigingstrategieë in die fasilitering van gefokuste plaaslike hulpbronmobilisasie, verhoogde vlakke van ontwikkelingshulp en handelstoegang tot markte van ontwikkelde nasies. In 2001 lewer Afrika sy eie geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsinisiatief wat vergestalt word in die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling (New Partnership for Africa's Development), ook bekend as Nepad, met Afrika-leierskap, -eienaarskap en -vennootskap as basis. Afrika-leiers betuig deur Nepad 'n verbintenis tot verantwoordbare en deursigtige politieke, finansiële, fiskale en monetêre bestuur in die afwesigheid van nasionale en streekskonflik, terwyl hulle die internasionale gemeenskap en internasionale en Afrika-privaatsektore nader vir vennootskap met Afrika-regerings in hulle ontwikkelingspogings. Nepad identifiseer terselfdertyd kritieke sektorale prioriteite as voorwaardes vir ontwikkeling, wat groter vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging sal vergemaklik. As operasionele sfeer, maak Nepad staat op prominente regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe om Afrika se ekonomiese agterstande en markfragmentasie aan te spreek deur die uitbou van handelskakelings, harmonisering van regulatoriese raamwerke en verdere regionale handelsliberalisering. Die klem is daarop om 'n gunstige investeringsomgewing in Afrika te bevorder, aangesien Afrika-leiers erken dat 'n florerende privaatsektor en besigheidsgemeenskap die dryfkrag vir ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling is. Nepad se sukses as die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplan vir die nuut-gevormde Afrika-unie berus op die krag van slegs drie ondersteunende pilare, naamlik: die volgehoue politieke verbintenis tot die visie deur Afrika-leiers, groter beleggings in die kontinent en handelstoegang vir Afrika se produkte, en aktiewe deelname van verteenwoordigende sektore uit die privaatsektor. Met 'n hoogs ambisieuse inisiatief soos Nepad, is dit gebiedend noodsaaklik dat subregionale strategieë voorkeur geniet ten einde Nepad se langtermyn sukses te verseker.

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49

Kovalenko, Yulia, Diana Stepanova, Юлія Олександрівна Коваленко, and Діана Степанова. "Management of foreign economic relations of the enterprise on the basis of sustainable development." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53446.

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Коваленко Ю., Степанова Д. Управління зовнішньоекономічними зв'язками підприємства на основі сталого розвитку // Сучасні проблеми менеджменту: матеріали XVII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції. - Національний авіаційний університет. - Київ, 2021. - С. 38-39
Foreign economic activity is one of the most important factors in the development of the national economy. No country in the world will be able to independently develop its own production processes, ensure economic growth without effectively using the benefits of the international division of labor and the combined international scientific and technological potential. This is especially relevant in modern conditions when the processes of international economic integration, the international division of labor, globalization of the world economy are developing intensively. Foreign economic activity promotes the development of promising areas of export potential. It is due to foreign economic activity that our country solves the problem of lack of energy, new machines, and equipment, technologies, some consumer goods.
Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність є одним з найважливіших факторів розвитку національної економіки. Жодна країна у світі не зможе самостійно розвивати власні виробничі процеси, забезпечувати економічне зростання без ефективного використання переваг міжнародного поділу праці та об'єднаного Міжнародного науково-технічного потенціалу. Це особливо актуально в сучасних умовах, коли інтенсивно розвиваються процеси міжнародної економічної інтеграції, міжнародного поділу праці, глобалізації світової економіки. Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність сприяє розвитку перспективних напрямків експортного потенціалу. Саме за рахунок зовнішньоекономічної діяльності наша країна вирішує проблему нестачі енергії, нових машин і обладнання, технологій, деяких споживчих товарів.

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50

Tena, Mokgadi. "Official development assistance (ODA): coordination, management and its impact in the National Department of Science and Technology (DST)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020023.

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South Africa (SA) has been a recipient of Official Development Assistance (ODA) prior to the democratic elections in 1994. Even though there has been progress in terms of aligning the ODA to SA government priorities and the good aid management principles, it has been a challenge to trace the amount of the ODA received across government departments and its impact thereon. For various reasons, reporting on the impact of the ODA has been very challenging for most of the departments. Some departments do not use government systems such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) account, through which it is required by the Policy Framework and Procedural Guidelines for the Management of ODA that all funds are transferred and channelled. As stipulated in the Policy Framework and Procedural Guidelines for the Management of ODA, the ODA is targeted towards innovation, piloting and value-add, as it only constitutes 1.5 percent of the overall budget of the country. As a result, most government departments utilise ODA as a gap-filler, to pay for unplanned activities that would have otherwise not been budgeted for in the government’s fiscal budget. This leads to departments not reporting as they fear that the ODA will then be withdrawn from them (Policy Guidelines2003). The Department of Science and Technology is one of the South African government departments that received high ODA for the period 2005-2011. The department not only spans across all sectors in terms of research and capacity development, but it has also established strategic international partnerships to collaborate in the research arena. In light of the above, it is interesting to explore how coordination is carried out and what impact if any; 2 the ODA has on the proposed Department of Science and Technology projects. This study explores the Department of Science and Technology, which is a recipient and implementer of ODA, and analyses how they co-ordinate, utilise and report on the ODA. The project that will be analysed is a Sector Budget Support Programme that focuses on poverty alleviation within the capacity development sector.

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