Статті в журналах: "Man-made air emissions"

1

Gorsky, Andrey. "ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNOGENIC IMPACT OF STATIONARY SOURCES OF POLLUTION ON THE CONDITION OF THE AIR POOL OF THE KYIV AGGLOMERATION." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 9(28) (2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).10.

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The aim of the article is to assess the impact of stationary sources of pollution of the Kyiv agglomeration on the state of its air basin. Atmospheric air pollution is known to be one of the leading elements in assessing the quality of human habitat because it has a detrimental effect on human health. The object of the study is the state of the atmospheric air of the agglomeration. The subject of the study is air pollution by stationary sources, identification of major pollutants, assessment of their man-made load on the air by emissions, by types of harmful substances, taking into account their danger by the values of maximum permissible daily concentrations and hazard class. Scientific and methodological support of monitoring tasks, comprehensive assessment of air pollution of agglomerations, both cities and their rural areas, is becoming increasingly important, especially where there are powerful stationary sources of air pollution. In the course of the research the enterprises – the main air pollutants of the agglomeration were identified, their emissions by types of harmful impurities were analyzed. The calculation of indicators of the hazard category of enterprises (HCE) on the volume of emissions, taking into account the values of the maximum allowable average daily concentrations and the hazard class of pollutants. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of man-made impact on the air, the calculation of the hazard indicator of the emission structure (HES) is proposed and their calculation is performed for certain enterprises. According to the proposed methodological approach, the values of aggregate indicators of man-caused load (MCLI) for stationary sources of pollution by numerical values of their HCE and HES are obtained. They comprehensively reflect the load on the air both due to emissions and due to the danger of harmful substances. Important measures to reduce volumes and improve the risk of emissions of harmful substances at enterprises are also indicated. Undoubtedly, promising methods are the study of air pollution in large cities and agglomerations, which are based on the use of geographic information technologies.

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2

Popov, O., A. Iatsyshyn, V. Kovach, V. Artemchuk, D. Taraduda, V. Sobyna, D. Sokolov, et al. "Physical Features of Pollutants Spread in the Air During the Emergency at NPPs." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(84) (December 19, 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.4(84).11.

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The authors carried out a thorough study of the features of the spread of hazardous chemicals in the surface layer of the atmosphere in the event of an emergency at the site of a nuclear power plant. In order to ensure the continuous operation of the stations in their territories, various ancillary technogenic facilities are located and operate, which release emissions of non-radiation pollutants into the atmosphere. Under various negative circumstances of a technical and natural nature, emergencies may occur due to significant chemical pollution of the atmospheric air in and outside the sanitary protection zone. The prevention of such emergencies is based on environmental monitoring in the locations of man-made objects and their preventive forecast. Implementation of these measures is not possible without the use of effective methods based on mathematical models of environmental pollution by anthropogenic objects, and the hardware and software that implement these methods. The main stages of the development of information and technical methods of prevention of such emergencies are given and described. Different scenarios of emergencies are described as a result of the release of chemicals into the atmosphere at these sites. A conceptual scheme for the distribution of impurities in the atmosphere due to man-made emissions has been developed. The peculiarities of atmospheric air propagation under stationary and non-stationary emission conditions are described in detail. It is established that the most determinants of influence on the concentration distribution of impurities are: mode and conditions of emission, type of source, direction, and velocity of the wind, state of the atmosphere, chemical interaction with other substances in the atmospheric air, gravitational deposition, leaching of sediments, absorption of the underlying surface. surface, terrain. The results obtained will be used in the process of developing mathematical models for the propagation of pollutants in the atmospheric air from the emissions of nuclear power plants during relevant emergencies.

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3

Tian, Di, Wenjie Dong, Xiaodong Yan, Jieming Chou, Shili Yang, Ting Wei, Han Zhang, Yan Guo, Xiaohang Wen, and Zhiyong Yang. "Climate System Responses to a Common Emission Budget of Carbon Dioxide." Journal of Climate 29, no. 7 (March 23, 2016): 2433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0213.1.

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Abstract Global warming as quantified by surface air temperature has been shown to be approximately linearly related to cumulative emissions of CO2. Here, a coupled state-of-the-art Earth system model with an interactive carbon cycle (BNU-ESM) was used to investigate whether this proportionality extends to the complex Earth system model and to examine the climate system responses to different emission pathways with a common emission budget of man-made CO2. These new simulations show that, relative to the lower emissions earlier and higher emissions later (LH) scenario, the amount of carbon sequestration by the land and the ocean will be larger and Earth will experience earlier warming of climate under the higher emissions earlier and lower emissions later (HL) scenario. The processes within the atmosphere, land, and cryosphere, which are highly sensitive to climate, show a relatively linear relationship to cumulative CO2 emissions and will attain similar states under both scenarios, mainly because of the negative feedback between the radiative forcing and ocean heat uptake. However, the processes with larger internal inertias depend on both the CO2 emissions scenarios and the emission budget, such as ocean warming and sea level rise.

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4

Nurzhanov, O. S., G. V. Torokhov, P. I. Chernousov, and D. V. Chezganova. "Spatial distribution of aerosol and dust man-made emissions in external influence zone of metallurgical enterprises." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 4 (May 5, 2022): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-4-246-253.

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The study presents the method for calculating the distribution of dust and aerosol particles entering the external air environment as a result of man-made emissions of metallurgical cycle enterprises. The paper proposes the method for predicting the degree of pollution of the enterprises influence zones by constructing geographical maps-schemes of industrial regions with application of the areas with a high content of dust particles on them. This method is based on determination of the sedimentation time of dust particles of different fractions in atmospheric air using Stokes’ law (motion of solid particles in liquid or gaseous media), the height of dust particles departure from the chimney and the speed of prevailing wind over the studied period of time. The data necessary for the analysis (wind direction, amount of dust emitted, its fractional and chemical compositions) were found in open sources, reports of the enterprise, statistical data of the region and the metallurgical industry. An estimated calculation of the spread of dust emissions was carried out on the example of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works PJSC (MMK) during various annual seasons. It was found that the influence of activity of a metallurgical enterprise in Russia can adversely affect cities and residents of neighboring states that are located in the sedimentation zone of solid dust particles. The issue of transfer of sulfuric and nitric acids by dust particles formed in the pores of aerosol particles is considered. The authors calculated the amount of acid that can be carried into the zones of influence of the enterprise in the pores of solid dust particles. The considered calculation model makes it relatively quick and easy to assess the influence zone of the enterprise, assess risks and take measures to modernize, optimize the production process or aspiration systems.

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5

Williams, J., T. Custer, H. Riede, R. Sander, P. Jöckel, P. Hoor, A. Pozzer, et al. "Assessing the effect of marine isoprene and ship emissions on ozone, using modelling and measurements from the South Atlantic Ocean." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2010): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09154.

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Environmental context. Air over the remote Southern Atlantic Ocean is amongst the cleanest anywhere on the planet. Yet in summer a large-scale natural phytoplankton bloom emits numerous natural reactive compounds into the overlying air. The productive waters also support a large squid fishing fleet, which emits significant amounts of NO and NO2. The combination of these natural and man-made emissions can efficiently produce ozone, an important atmospheric oxidant. Abstract. Ship-borne measurements have been made in air over the remote South Atlantic and Southern Oceans in January–March 2007. This cruise encountered a large-scale natural phytoplankton bloom emitting reactive hydrocarbons (e.g. isoprene); and a high seas squid fishing fleet emitting NOx (NO and NO2). Using an atmospheric chemistry box model constrained by in-situ measurements, it is shown that enhanced ozone production ensues from such juxtaposed marine biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. The relative impact of shipping and phytoplankton emissions on ozone was examined on a global scale using the EMAC model. Ozone in the marine boundary layer was found to be over ten times more sensitive to NOx emissions from ships, than to marine isoprene in the region south of 45°. Although marine isoprene emissions make little impact on the global ozone budget, co-located ship and phytoplankton emissions may explain the increasing ozone reported for the 40–60°S southern Atlantic region.

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6

Загнитько, А. В., И. Д. Мацуков, В. В. Пименов, C. Е. Сальников, Д. Ю. Федин, В. И. Алексеев та С. М. Вельмакин. "Быстродействующий низкотемпературный газоанализатор импульсных выбросов сжиженного природного газа в атмосферу на основе иммерсионных диодных оптопар". Журнал технической физики 92, № 6 (2022): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.06.52505.325-21.

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A low-temperature infrared optical gas analyzer based on immersion diode optocouplers with a speed of less than 0.03 s has been developed to detect pulsed emissions into the atmosphere of explosive mixtures of liquefied natural gas and alkanes with air at a temperature of more than 150 K with the transfer of digitized data to a remote server. The design is described and its characteristics are given in the process of analyzing mixtures of air with pure methane, ethane, propane and LNG of various compositions. It is shown that the speed and operating temperature range of the gas analyzer exceed the parameters of foreign and domestic analogues for monitoring man-made LNG emissions into the atmosphere.

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7

Gorobei, Maryna S., Viкtor M. Yermakov, and Оksana V. Lunova. "Man-made pollution of the environment with coal dust as a result of operation and closure of coal mines." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112062.

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The technological processes of coal mining, enrichment and use, in particular coal combusting is accompanied by formation and release of significant amounts of dust and gases. Atmospheric air protection is one of the most urgent problems of the nowadays technological society, as scientific and technological progress and expansion of production is associated with an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on the atmosphere. The paper presents a new solution to the current scientific problem of reducing carbon-containing dust content based on the disclosure of the laws of the aerodynamic interaction of dust and water flows in gravitational and electrostatic fields. The authors show in this study the causes of atmosphere pollution with coal-containing dust; main issues of atmospheric air protection at enterprises located in the controlled territory of Ukraine. The data of the first quarter of the 2020 year are presented in the research. The biggest part of the facilities that pollute the atmospheric air are focused in Donetsk and Lugansk regions. It is estimated that the air environment of the underground mine surface complex is filled with exhaust ventilation air of approximately 200.000 m3 per minute with a dust concentration of approximately (5-7) mg / m3, which is equal to 1.5 tons of dust per a day. It is here that the possibility of transporting pollutants over long distances is most often realized. Coarse dust discharged through the ventilation systems of mines is intensively deposited in the sanitary protection zones of mines. Fine dust is carried by the wind outside them, polluting the environment on the distance of up to 3500 m from the coal mine. Emissions of carbon dust into the atmosphere are almost always a major part of transboundary environmental pollution. Mine waste also poses an environmental threat. Technologies of reduction air pollution at the source of carbon-containing dust formation should be used in all new industries of economy. The results obtained reveal the mechanism of interaction of the sprayed liquid with coal dust and can be used in the development of new effective means of controlling the carbon-containing dust. The principles and practices of sustainable development, coupled with local research, will help to contain or eliminate health and environmental risks resulting from air pollution by carbon-containing dust.

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8

LISS, PETER S., ADELE L. CHUCK, SUZANNE M. TURNER, and ANDREW J. WATSON. "Air-sea gas exchange in Antarctic waters." Antarctic Science 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2004): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002299.

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The flux of gases between the atmosphere and the oceans can be calculated from the product of the concentration difference across the sea surface and a kinetic term, often called a transfer velocity. The transfer velocity is frequently parameterized in terms of wind speed, although the actual exchange process is also affected by waves, bubbles, wind fetch, and less certainly by surfactants and chemical reactivity. There is currently an uncertainty of about a factor of two in using the wind speed parameterization. In view of the windiness of the Southern Ocean, transfer velocities will often be high, although there are few published in situ measurements of transfer rates made in the region. Data for gas concentration fields in the Southern Ocean are generally sparse compared to other better studied oceanic areas. In this paper we discuss what is known for the region for carbon dioxide, including the oceanic sink for man-made inputs to the atmosphere; dimethyl sulphide, where there appears to be a substantial source, which has the potential for a significant climatic effect due to the low particulate loading in the region; and organo-halogen and alkyl nitrate gases, where marine emissions may play an important role in controlling the oxidation capacity of the Antarctic atmosphere.

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9

Turos, Ye I., A. A. Petrosian, and A. N. Davidenko. "Assessment of social losses of pollution's health caused by man-made pollution of atmospheric air with emissions of particulate matters (PM10)." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 22, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2017.1.101436.

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10

Bhardwaj, Anuja, R. K. Aggarwal, and S. K. Bhardwaj. "A Review on Impacts of Road Activities and Vehicular Emissions on Native Ecosystems in Mountainous Region." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.04.

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India’s transport network is one of the most extensive in the world. Road network is vital for sustained and inclusive growth of the economy and consolidation of social diversification of the nation. When compared to other transport means, road transport is considered to be more flexible and consumer-friendly as it provides door-to-door service to the people even in the remotest parts of the country. With the increasing population, there is immense load on natural as well as man-made resources. With growing development, people are more and more dependent on the transport system for fulfilling their needs and expansions. Thus, these road activities greatly affect environment qualities. The present review discusses the impacts of road activities on soil, water, and air quality and noise nuisance.

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11

Shentsova, O. M., and V. S. Fedosikhin. "FEATURES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN MAGNITOGORSK UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONTINUOUS IMPACT OF MAN-GENERAL DISCHARGES FROM THE WORKSHOPS OF MATALLURGICAL COMBINE INTO THE URBAN ATMOSPHERE." Construction and industrial safety, no. 18 (70) (2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873-2020-18-165-174.

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Ensuring and maintaining the environmental safety of the urban population living in an industrial city in the vicinity of a large city-forming enterprise in conditions of constant emission of industrial dust and gases into the air has always been and is today one of the urgent problems of the architecture of the city of Magnitogorsk. The article examines the historically existing urban planning situation in Magnitogorsk in the conditions of the climate and wind direction of the South Urals, the accounting of which largely contributes to the protective qualities of the air despite the significant emissions of man-made pollution into the atmosphere of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK). The original location of industrial buildings and residential areas during the construction of Magnitogorsk was carried out in the 30s of the XX century on the basis of a purely economic approach, bringing housing as close as possible to production, not taking into account wind flows from the construction site and cutting down perennial trees on the slopes of magnetic mountains for the construction of buildings and structures ... After 10 years of MMK operation, the significant role of the South Ural wind in maintaining the ecological situation in the city was proved. Until now, thousands of city residents continue to live in close proximity to MMK, feeling the harmfulness of industrial emissions that pollute the atmosphere. Later, the residential zone of the city began to develop to the south along the right bank, and the industrial zone to the north along the left bank of the river, thus creating further many unfavorable environmental problems that sometimes have to be eliminated.

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12

Duhl, T. R., D. Gochis, A. Guenther, S. Ferrenberg, and E. Pendall. "Emissions of BVOC from lodgepole pine in response to mountain pine beetle attack in high and low mortality forest stands." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-483-2013.

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Abstract. In this screening study, biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from intact branches of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees were measured from trees at two forested sites that have been impacted differently by the mountain pine beetle (MPB), with one having higher mortality and the other with lower mortality. Differences in the amounts and chemical diversity of BVOC between the two sites and from apparently healthy trees versus trees in different stages of MPB attack are presented, as well as (for one site) observed seasonal variability in emissions. A brief comparison is made of geological and climatic characteristics as well as prior disturbances (both natural and man-made) at each site. Trees sampled at the site experiencing high MPB-related tree mortality had lower chemodiversity in terms of monoterpene (MT) emission profiles, while profiles were more diverse at the lower-mortality site. Also at the higher-mortality site, MPB-infested trees in various stages of decline had lower emissions of sesquiterpenes (SQTs) compared to healthy trees, while at the site with lower mortality, MPB-survivors had significantly higher SQT emissions during part of the growing season when compared to both uninfested and newly infested trees. SQT profiles differed between the two sites and, like monoterpene and oxygenated VOC profiles, varied through the season. For the low-mortality site in which repeated measurements were made over the course of the early summer–late fall, higher chemical diversity was observed in early- compared to late-season measurements for all compound classes investigated (MT, oxygenated VOC, and SQT), with the amount of change appearing to correlate to the MPB status of the trees studied. Emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) had a distinct seasonal signal but were not much different between healthy or infested trees, except in trees with dead needles, from which emissions of this compound were negligible, and in late-season MPB survivors, in which they were higher than in newly infested or uninfested trees. Emissions of SQT were significantly higher in the MPB survivors during both mid- and late-season sampling at the low-mortality site. The changes in emissions could have implications for regional air quality and climate through changes in ozone and aerosol distributions, although this study was designed as a preliminary screening effort and not enough individuals were sampled for all of the observed differences to be statistically demonstrated. Despite this, the compelling differences in emissions observed between the sites and individual trees with differing MPB-infestation statuses and the potential impacts these have on regional atmospheric chemistry argue for further research in this topic.

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13

Duhl, T. R., D. Gochis, A. Guenther, S. Ferrenberg, and E. Pendall. "Emissions of BVOC from Lodgepole Pine in response to Mountain Pine Beetle attack in high and low mortality forest stands." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (July 24, 2012): 9125–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-9125-2012.

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Abstract. In this screening study biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from intact branches of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees were measured from trees at two forested sites that have been impacted differently by the mountain pine beetle (MPB) with one having higher mortality and the other with lower mortality. Differences in the amounts and chemical diversity of BVOC between the two sites and from apparently healthy trees versus trees in different stages of MPB attack are presented, as well as (for one site) observed seasonal variability in emissions. A brief site comparison is made of the hydrological characteristics and prior disturbances (both natural and man-made) at the sites. Trees sampled at the site experiencing high MPB-related tree mortality had lower chemodiversity in terms of monoterpene (MT) emission profiles, while profiles were more diverse at the lower-mortality site. Also at the higher-mortality site, MPB-infested trees in various stages of decline had lower emissions of sesquiterpenes (SQT) compared to healthy trees, while at the site with lower mortality, MPB-survivors had significantly higher SQT emissions during part of the growing season when compared to both uninfested and newly-infested trees. SQT profiles differed between the two sites, and, like monoterpene and oxygenated VOC profiles, varied through the season For the low-mortality site in which repeated measurements were made over the course the early summer-late fall, higher chemical diversity was observed in early- compared to late-season measurements for all compound classes investigated (MT, oxygenated VOC, and SQT), with the amount of change appearing to correlate to the MPB status of the trees studied. Emissions of methyl-3-buten-2-ol had a distinct seasonal signal but were not much different between healthy or infested trees, except in trees with dead needles, from which emissions of this compound were negligible, and in late-season MPB survivors, in which they were higher than in newly-infested or uninfested trees. Emissions of SQT were significantly higher in the MPB survivors during both mid- and late-season sampling at the low-mortality site. The changes in emissions could have implications for regional air quality and climate through changes in ozone and aerosol distributions, although this study was designed as a preliminary screening effort and not enough individuals were sampled for all of the observed differences to be statistically demonstrated. Despite this, the compelling differences in emissions observed between the sites and individual trees with differing MPB-infestation statuses and the potential impacts these have on regional atmospheric chemistry argue for further research in this topic.

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14

Bello Muhammad, Muhammad, Rahimah Abdul Aziz, and Vivien W.C. Yew. "The Effects of Air Pollution on Socio – Economic Activities in Sokoto State, Nigeria." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17225.

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The main aim of the paper is to look into the effects of air pollution on socio – economic activities in Sokoto state, Nigeria, to sensitize the populace on the dangers associated with environmental pollution and possibly profer solutions to the problems. Secondary data was used to systematically review the literature through narrative method. Talcott Parsons ‘AGIL’ schema was used in this paper. The findings revealed some pollutants that were identified and widely associated with air pollution, especially with emissions from industrial activities, auto mobiles and other sources of pollutants that causes harm to both man and his environment. The findings also revealed that Sokoto Cement Company is supposed to be a source of development to Kalambaina community, through job creation, providing cheaper building materials and other social amenities, however, it has negatively impacted the community to a large extent by endangering the health of the populace, thereby, stagnating their socio-economic development. Recommendations were made that the government should create policies that will make the Company responsible for the damages caused by pollution to the host community.They should provide tenure employment, social amenities and also be made to implement environment friendly policies that will limit the pollution caused by the activities of the Company.

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15

Galitskaya, I. V., and N. A. Rumyantseva. "Snow-cover contamination in urban territories (Lefortovo district, Moscow)." Annals of Glaciology 53, no. 61 (2012): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012aog61a009.

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AbstractThe results of snow-cover chemical composition research in Lefortovo District, Moscow, Russia, are considered. The technogenic impact on snow-cover contamination was evaluated using snow sampling, chemical analysis of liquid and solid phases of snow and data processing. Snow meltwaters were slightly acidic, low-mineralized and contaminated with oil products. Contrasting anomalies of chloride, sodium, nitrites, nitrates, oil products and 3,4-benzopyrene are revealed and the main causes of their formation analyzed. The technogenic load on the air and snow cover was mainly due to an extensive road network and the impact of industrial enterprise. Ecogeochemical associations of elements, polluting snow cover by means of the dust component of air, formed the specific types of geochemical zones due to industrial and road-transport emissions. The common type of man-made contamination in snow cover is characterized by the following general association of contaminants: Hg W Mo Cr Ni Co Pb Cu Zn Cd Ag Bi Sn Ba Nb.

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16

Korablev, R. A., V. P. Belokurov, and S. V. Belokurov. "Influence of anthropogenic impact of vehicles on roadside forest plantations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012079.

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Abstract The article presents studies of the growth and development of forest stands along highways as a result of man-made impacts from road transport emissions. The obtained mathematical model describing the dynamics of the growth of the biomass of stands of various bonities of roadside stands during the period of light saturation is presented. In this regard, the obtained mathematical model describing the dynamics of the growth of the biomass of stands of various bonitets of roadside forest stands during the period of light saturation is presented. The use of the bonus in research to characterize the growth rate of forest roadside plantings depending on the distance to highways and the density of traffic flows on them allows us to characterize the amount of toxic pollutants entering forests. This allows us to assess the process of expanding the environmentally unfavorable zone along the highway. The article presents the possibility of calculating the concentration of pollutants, based on the model of turbulent diffusion, reduced, after some assumption, to the model of Gaussian distribution in atmospheric air. The dependence on the calculation of the intensity of emissions of pollutants, taking into account the composition of the traffic flow, is given.

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Ulytsky, O., V. Yermakov, O. Buglak, and O. Lunova. "Risk of man-made and ecological disasters at the filter stations in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111839.

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The ecological situation in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the context of the military conflict which began in early 2014 is unstable and requires a timely resolution. Military conflicts lead to a number of dangerous impacts on soils and landscapes, surface and underground waters, vegetation and fauna, and military actions significantly increase the risk of emergencies in industrial enterprises and infrastructural facilities. Conflicts occurring in industrially developed territories with a large number of environmentally hazardous enterprises and objects constitute a particular danger to the environment. This article considers critical infrastructural objects on the example of objects of water supply (filtering stations) of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Damage to or destruction of these objects threatens national security, the economy, and the health and safety of the population. Water supply facilities require the attention and access of international experts for preventing man-made and ecological disasters. An expert evaluation was carried out to assess theenvironmental threats and risks, existing threats were identified, an information and analytical system was developed, and recommendations were issued for minimizing the risks of man-made and ecological disasters. The current risk of an industrial accident with significant environmental consequences occurring in the course of the conflict is in the range from "low" to "average". According to an expert assessment within the framework of the OSCE Project Coordinator's study in Ukraine, in the course of development of any adverse scenarios, the potential danger of emergencies with serious environmental consequences remains significant. With large volumes of liquid chlorine emissions into the air, the population living in the zone of possible chemical contamination can be subjected to a severe degree of poisoning, which will lead to lethal consequences and a large number of victims. Economic development of Donetsk and Lugansk regions without the obligatory consideration of environmental factors is impossible. Ensuring the rehabilitation of the ecology of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts is an important factor in bringing environmental protection activities in the region into line with the requirements of environmental safety in the current social and economic conditions and making these activities an integral part of the sustainable economic and social development of Ukraine.

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Lim, Saehee, Xavier Faïn, Patrick Ginot, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Stanislav Kutuzov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Anna Kozachek, and Paolo Laj. "Black carbon variability since preindustrial times in the eastern part of Europe reconstructed from Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus, ice cores." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 5 (March 14, 2017): 3489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3489-2017.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC), emitted by fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, is the second largest man-made contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide (Bond et al., 2013). However, limited information exists on its past emissions and atmospheric variability. In this study, we present the first high-resolution record of refractory BC (rBC, including mass concentration and size) reconstructed from ice cores drilled at a high-altitude eastern European site in Mt. Elbrus (ELB), Caucasus (5115 m a.s.l.). The ELB ice core record, covering the period 1825–2013, reflects the atmospheric load of rBC particles at the ELB site transported from the European continent with a larger rBC input from sources located in the eastern part of Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, European anthropogenic emissions resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the ice core rBC mass concentrations with respect to its level in the preindustrial era (before 1850). The summer (winter) rBC mass concentrations increased 5-fold (3.3-fold) in 1960–1980, followed by a decrease until ∼ 2000. Over the last decade, the rBC signal for summertime slightly increased. We have compared the signal with the atmospheric BC load simulated using past BC emissions (ACCMIP and MACCity inventories) and taken into account the contribution of different geographical regions to rBC distribution and deposition at the ELB site. Interestingly, the observed rBC variability in the ELB ice core record since the 1960s is not in perfect agreement with the simulated atmospheric BC load. Similar features between the ice core rBC record and the best scenarios for the atmospheric BC load support anthropogenic BC increase in the 20th century being reflected in the ELB ice core record. However, the peak in BC mass concentration observed in ∼ 1970 in the ice core is estimated to occur a decade later from past inventories. BC emission inventories for the period 1960s–1970s may be underestimating European anthropogenic emissions. Furthermore, for summertime snow layers of the 2000s, the slightly increasing trend of rBC deposition likely reflects recent changes in anthropogenic and biomass burning BC emissions in the eastern part of Europe. Our study highlights that the past changes in BC emissions of eastern Europe need to be considered in assessing ongoing air quality regulation.

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Raza, Hasnain. "Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security: A Review." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8699.

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Climate change has emerged as a major man-made global environmental problem, characterized by an increase in the earth's air temperature as a result of large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases. Agriculture and climate change are intrinsically linked in different ways, since biotic and abiotic stresses are primarily caused by climate change, all these factors have a detrimental effect on a region's agriculture. Agriculture is affected by climate change in various ways, e.g., heat stress at the reproductive stage, shortening of growing season length, pests or microbes, modification in weeds, and increase in CO2 level. The challenge of changing global climate has driven the scientists' interest, As a result of these changes, global crop production is suffering and global food security is in danger. The current study sheds light on the impacts of climate change on agriculture, as well as the consequences for food security.

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Boreddy, Suresh K. R., Prashant Hegde, A. R. Aswini, M. Ashok Williams, R. Elavarasi, and T. V. Lakshmi Kumar. "Seasonal variations in characteristics, sources and diurnal patterns of carbonaceous and water-soluble constituents in urban aerosols from the east coast of tropical India." Environmental Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en21017.

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Environmental contextThe export of various man-made pollutants from northern India has a large impact on aerosol formation processes, their transformations and regional environmental chemistry over tropical peninsular India. The quantitative source apportionment of organic aerosols performed in this study provides a better understanding of their sources and implications for climate and air-quality management policies in South Asia. AbstractThis study highlights seasonal characteristics, sources, daytime (sea-breeze) and night-time (land-breeze) variations of carbonaceous and water-soluble ionic components in PM10 (<10µm particulate matter) aerosols from the east coast (Chennai city) of tropical India. Elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were found to be higher in winter when air masses were delivered from the northern part of India covered by the Indo-Gangetic-Plains whereas lower concentrations were observed during summer and monsoon associated with marine air masses. Sea salts (Na+ and Cl–), dust (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and nitrates (NO3–) were found to be highest in monsoon, suggesting these species may be co-transported over the sampling site with marine air masses. Using air mass back-trajectory analysis, linear relationships between chemical species and specific mass ratios, we demonstrate that east coast urban aerosols are strongly influenced by aged anthropogenic sources including biomass burning in winter and post monsoon while aged marine emissions mixed with local pollutants (dust and vehicular) are important in monsoon and summer. Further, the mesoscale phenomenon was reflected in measured chemical constituents during the study period. Positive-matrix-factorisation (PMF) analysis confirmed that OC aerosols are largely attributable to chemically aged anthropogenic (53% in the day and 39% in the night) and combustion-derived (17% and 39%) sources in winter and sea salts mixed with dust and vehicular emissions (61% and 52%) during monsoon. These important insights about the sources and formation processes of organic aerosols will help in understanding the formation of atmospheric brown clouds over south Asia.

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Andersen, K. B., A. Feilberg, and J. A. Beukes. "Use of non-thermal plasma and UV-light for removal of odour from sludge treatment." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 8 (October 1, 2012): 1656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.367.

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Non-thermal plasma (NTP) systems can be used for abatement of odour nuisances. Odour reductions are achieved by radical-initiated oxidation and dust collection in the plasma reactor. For some emissions a sequence of NTP followed by UV-light can improve the odour reduction further. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of NTP technology combined with UV-light towards odour emissions from sludge treatment. Air from a pilot sludge dryer was treated with a pilot NTP and a UV unit. The effect of using an acid scrubber upstream the NTP system was also tested. Thermal desorption gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) was used to analyse samples taken from the inlet and the outlet of the NTP system. The TD-GC/MS used was also equipped with a sniffing port that made it possible to record odour-active compounds eluting from the column. Relative amounts of odour-active compounds in the inlet and the outlet flow from the NTP system were compared. Bag samples from inlet and outlet were also separately analysed by an external lab and by two operators using a one-man olfactometer, a modified NasalRangerTM. These results indicated a significant odour removal efficiency of 70–90% depending on the settings and combinations of abatement equipment.

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Palacios-Peña, Laura, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, Rocío Baró, Alessandra Balzarini, Roberto Bianconi, Gabriele Curci, Tony Christian Landi, et al. "Aerosol optical properties over Europe: an evaluation of the AQMEII Phase 3 simulations against satellite observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 2965–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2965-2019.

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Abstract. The main uncertainties regarding the estimation of changes in the Earth's energy budget are related to the role of atmospheric aerosols. These changes are caused by aerosol–radiation (ARIs) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs), which heavily depend on aerosol properties. Since the 1980s, many international modeling initiatives have studied atmospheric aerosols and their climate effects. Phase 3 of the Air Quality Modelling Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) focuses on evaluating and intercomparing regional and linked global/regional modeling systems by collaborating with the Task Force on the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP2) initiative. Within this framework, the main aim of this work is the assessment of the representation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent (AE) in AQMEII Phase 3 simulations over Europe. The evaluation was made using remote-sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua platforms, and the instruments belonging to the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN). Overall, the skills of AQMEII simulations when representing AOD (mean absolute errors from 0.05 to 0.30) produced lower errors than for the AE (mean absolute errors from 0.30 to 1). Regardless of the models or the emissions used, models were skillful at representing the low and mean AOD values observed (below 0.5). However, high values (around 1.0) were overpredicted for biomass burning episodes, due to an underestimation in the common fires' emissions, and were overestimated for coarse particles – principally desert dust – related to the boundary conditions. Despite this behavior, the spatial and temporal variability of AOD was better represented by all the models than AE variability, which was strongly underestimated in all the simulations. Noticeably, the impact of the model selection when representing aerosol optical properties is higher than the use of different emission inventories. On the other hand, the influence of ARIs and ACIs has a little visible impact compared to the impact of the model used.

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Makhniova, S. G., and S. L. Menshchikov. "Common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) pollen quality in JSC «Karabashmed» emission zone." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 1 (February 2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-1-32-44.

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The study results of Common pine mature pollen state in the smoke emissions from the plant JSC «Karabashmed» in connection with the level of technogenic impact are presented. It is shown that the state of the vegetation cover is in accordance with the level of technogenic pollution, determined by the accumulation degree of air pollutants in the snow cover. It was established that the soil and vegetation were degraded in the flare zone of the plant. There are no pine stands at a distance of less than 3.5 km from the source of smoke emissions. Symptoms of chronic and acute damage to the assimilation apparatus and disturbance of the generative sphere of pine at a distance of 8 km to the southeast were revealed. A significant similarity in the vital state of pine stands at a distance of 13 km (zone of low aerosol pollution) and 19 km (background conditions) from the source was established. At the same time, the frequency of small and degenerated pollen was many times higher in the pool of mature pine pollen in the stand under conditions of a low level of pollution than under background conditions. A high frequency of pollen grains with anomalies of air pockets was detected in the stand under background conditions. The results of the study indicate a high susceptability of the male generative system to technogenic pollution (accumulated soil, aerosol, gas) and the possibility of its bioindication in the absence of symptoms of damage to the assimilation apparatus. It was shown that disturbances in the development of male gametophyte in the zones of technogenic pollution are already realized at the early stages of microspore development and are revealed by the high frequency of small underdeveloped pollen. It was found that most of the pine trees growing on the soil of fine-stone-sandy composition correspond to the categories of weakened and dying ones, which makes it possible to recognize the conditions of the man-made land as extremely unfavorable for the growth and development of pine. The mature pine pollen of these stands is characterized by the peculiar features that distinguish it from the pollen of other stands. The conclusion is made about the negative effect of smoke emissions from the JSC «Karabashmed» plant on the condition of pine plantations and the male generative system of pine, even at a considerable distance from the source of emissions.

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Ziemacki, Zbysław. "Europejski Zielony Ład i odbudowa polskiej gospodarki – szanse i wyzwania." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.3.08.

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Man-made climate change has become the greatest political and economic challenge today. The dictate of GDP as the main measure of prosperity and economic success has led to the wasteful use of natural resources and a drastic increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The consequences are more and more felt: water, food and air pollution, the spread of infectious diseases such as Covid19, or extreme weather phenomena caused by global warming. Limiting these phenomena requires strong and consistent political decisions as well as real actions. The ambitious goals of decarbonisation and climate neutrality adopted by the European Union meet with the strongest resistance and criticism in the former Eastern Bloc countries, whose economies are highly dependent on coal. European policymakers are trying to reconcile the interests of European economies, highly diversified both in terms of the economic structure and the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix. The main tool is to be the unprecedented scale of the European budget earmarked for pro-climate actions, which is to help achieve climate neutrality while maintaining economic growth.

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Javid, Amir, Alireza Nasiri, Hakimeh Mahdizadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Momtaz, Mahdieh Azizian, and Neda Javid. "Determination and risk assessment of heavy metals in air dust fall particles." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2021.36.

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Background: Urban and industrial development has increased the concentration of heavy metals in various environments, and also, increased their amount in dust fall particles. The aim of this study was to determine and assess the risk of heavy metals in air dust fall particles. Methods: Sampling of air dust fall particles was performed using the British model Dust Fall Jar devices. Heavy metals concentrations in the samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer device. Then, the risk assessment of heavy metals in air dust fall was calculated by three indicators including enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and integrated pollution index (IPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Excel 2016 software. Results: Zn was the most abundant heavy metal. The results of EF index showed that the highest degree of enrichment of dust fall particles with heavy metals is related to Ag and the lowest one is related to Cr. Also, the changes of Mean of both Igeo and IP indicators were as Ag > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cu > Co > Cr. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that Cr metal is originated from the earth and other metals are of man-made origin and are mainly due to the emissions of vehicles and industries. Also, on average, the samples had very low pollution in relation to all metals. Although the amount of pollution caused by heavy metals has not exceeded the allowable limits, but considering industrial development programs in the region, continuous measures to control air pollution caused by industries, are absolutely necessary.

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Viebahn, Peter, Alexander Scholz, and Ole Zelt. "The Potential Role of Direct Air Capture in the German Energy Research Program—Results of a Multi-Dimensional Analysis." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183443.

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A significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions will be necessary in the coming decades to enable the global community to avoid the most dangerous consequences of man-made global warming. This fact is reflected in Germany’s 7th Federal Energy Research Program (EFP), which was adopted in 2018. Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere comprise one way to achieve these reductions in greenhouse gases. DAC has been identified as a technology (group) for which there are still major technology gaps. The intention of this article is to explore the potential role of DAC for the EFP by using a multi-dimensional analysis showing the technology’s possible contributions to the German government’s energy and climate policy goals and to German industry’s global reputation in the field of modern energy technologies, as well as the possibilities of integrating DAC into the existing energy system. The results show that the future role of DAC is affected by a variety of uncertainty factors. The technology is still in an early stage of development and has yet to prove its large-scale technical feasibility, as well as its economic viability. The results of the multi-dimensional evaluation, as well as the need for further technological development, integrated assessment, and systems-level analyses, justify the inclusion of DAC technology in national energy research programs like the EFP.

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Khuchunaev, B. M., А. Tashilova, L. A. Kesheva, and N. V. Teunova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONON THE QUALITY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 5 (2020): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-202-206.

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Environment – a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects. When carrying out any construction work, it is necessary to assess the impact of emissions of pollutants on the environment. One of the features of the energy sector at the beginning of the 21st century is the strict regulation of its further development with the requirements of preserving a favorable environment and preventing global pollution. This determines the trend towards an increasing role of renewable energy sources and, first of all, the most efficient hydropower. In the world, small energy began to develop in recent decades, this is mainly due to the desire to avoid environmental damage caused by reservoirs of large hydroelectric power plants, with the ability to guarantee energy supply in isolated and inaccessible areas. The creation of small hydroelectric power plants instead of small power plants operating on fossil fuels leads to a significant improvement in the air basin. This article provides an assessment of the ecological state of the territory from the point of view of the possibility of construction of the object and a preliminary qualitative forecast of possible changes in the environment during the implementation of the planned construction works and its negative consequences. Based on the analysis of the initial state of the environment and the forecast of its resistance to man-made impacts, the assessment of the possible impact of the construction object on the environment in accordance with the requirements for environmental documentation was carried out.

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Ivanov, Andrey, Yuriy Smirnov, and Stanislav Chupin. "Development of the concept of an innovative laboratory installation for the study of dust-forming surfaces." Записки Горного института 251 (October 29, 2021): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.5.15.

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Currently, the determination of the emission rate of suspended solids from a unit of the surface area of a man-made mass at various parameters of the wind flow is not sufficiently described. The analysis of the world experience of researchers shows that existing laboratory installations have various design features that do not allow to correctly determine the mass of the dust being flapped and wind-blown. Based on the analysis results, the concept of an innovative laboratory installation for the study of dust-forming surfaces has been developed. It takes into account the influence of wind shadows, the deturbulization of an artificially created air flow, the possibility of regulating not only the flow velocity mode, but also the creation of a vacuum or disturbance in the area of sample placement, as well as the formation of a certain angle of wind flow attack relative to the surface. The concept provides for the possibility of determining the volume of dust emissions by the values of the lost dust masses in the sample and by the values of dust concentrations in the outgoing stream. The calculation of the main basic elements of the installation using the ANSYS FLUENT software package was carried out. The model and configuration of the wind tunnel have been developed and calculated, the main geometric parameters and functional elements for the possibility of use in scientific work have been determined. For practical use of the empirical roughness value of the underlying surface, its values are recommended in a wide range – from zero for the water surface to 0.44 for large cities with tall buildings and skyscrapers.

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Kivevele, Thomas. "Propane (HC – 290) as an Alternative Refrigerant in the Food Transport Refrigeration Sector in Southern Africa – a Review." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.5994.

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Most of the food transport trucks in Sothern Africa are equipped with refrigeration and air conditioning systems filled with fluorocarbon refrigerants such as R404A to facilitate the heat transfer process. These refrigerants are synthetic chemicals and have high potential to cause global warming and damage to the ozone layer. Currently, natural refrigerants are considered as alternatives to these man-made refrigerants to mitigate some of the environmental risks. The natural refrigerants are the substances that occur in nature such as hydrocarbons (HC), ammonia, and carbon dioxide. These type of refrigerants have been in the market for many years, but in some applications such as domestic refrigerators, heat pumps, chillers, and air conditioners, whereas fluorocarbons are the mostly used in the food transport refrigeration systems. Natural refrigerants such as propane (HC – 290) are now penetrating the market in food transport refrigeration systems where previously fluorocarbons were the favoured option. Therefore, this work reports the possibilities of using non-fluorinated hydrocarbon/natural refrigerant (propane – R290) in the food transport refrigerated systems in Southern Africa; a case study of South Africa. R290 has the potential to lower greenhouse gases emissions compared to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are widely used in most of the existing food transport refrigeration systems in South Africa. R290 has negligible Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 3 which is well below the global threshold value of 150. The review revealed that refrigeration capacity of R290 is in the average of 10 – 30% higher than commonly used fluorocarbon refrigerants such as R404A and R134A. Since R290 is labeled as a flammable refrigerant, the present study also reviews its flammability safety measures.

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Wang, Jing, Zhiwei Zhu, Li Qi, Qiaohua Zhao, Jinhai He, and Julian X. L. Wang. "Two pathways of how remote SST anomalies drive the interannual variability of autumnal haze days in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 1521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1521-2019.

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Abstract. Analogous to the circumstances in wintertime, the increasing severity of autumnal haze pollution over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region may also lead to impairment of the socioeconomic development and human health in this region. Despite man-made aerosol emissions, the interannual variability of autumnal (September–October–November) haze days (AHDs) in the BTH region (AHDBTH) is apparently tied to the global and regional meteorological anomalies. The present study suggests that an above-normal AHDBTH is closely associated with the simultaneous sea surface temperature (SST) warming in two regions (over the North Atlantic subtropical sector, R1, and over the western North Pacific sector, R2). When the autumnal SST warming in both R1 and R2 is significant, the likelihood of a higher AHDBTH is greatly enhanced. Observational and simulation evidence demonstrated how remote SST anomalies over R1 and R2 influence variation of AHDBTH via two different pathways. Firstly, SST warming in R1 can induce a downstream midlatitudinal Rossby wave train, leading to a barotropic high-pressure and subsidence anomaly over the BTH region. Secondly, SST warming in R2 can also result in air subsidence over the BTH region through an anomalous local meridional cell. Through these two distinct pathways, localized meteorological circumstances conducive to a higher AHDBTH (i.e., repressed planetary boundary layer, weak southerly airflow, and warm and moist conditions) can be established.

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Kortsova, Olena, Irina Soloshych, and Volodymyr Bakharev. "TO THE ISSUE OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATIONS OF AUTOMATED POSTS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR MONITORING SYSTEM OF TECHNOGENICALLY INSTALLED URBAN SYSTEMS." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 3(128) (June 11, 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.3.36-44.

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Purpose. The results of theoretical and analytical-calculation studies on the substantiation of the automatic stationary post location of constant control (PCC) in the zone of probable influence of the industrial enterprise PJSC «Kryvyi Rih Cement» (Kryvyi Rih) with the determination of the expected contribution of this object to the general atmospheric air pollution level. Methodology. The requirements for the organization of observations of the atmospheric air state and the specific choice of stationary sampling points are generalized. Method of calculating the scattering of pollutants is used. Results. A set of indicators and characteristics that affect the processes of atmospheric air pollution formation in the area of the probable negative impact of the industrial facility is determined. The conditions of PCC location are detailed specifically for the conditions of technogenic loaded urban systems. On this basis, a priority place for the installation of a stationary automated post of constant control and monitoring of air pollution in the area of the industrial enterprise PJSC «Kryvyi Rih Cement» influence has been specified. The calculation of the scattering of pollutants in the surface layer of the atmosphere using the software package «EOL +» to determine the expected level of pollutants concentrations present in the emissions of the object at a certain PCC location, as well as at the SPZ to determine the expected maximum contribution of this object to the overall level of air pollution. The maximum expected calculated values of surface concentrations at the location of the PCC are from 0.01 for sulfur dioxide to 0.21 MPa for the summation group № 31. Originality. The requirements and conditions of the automated monitoring stations location in the areas of the negative impact of industrial facilities are summarized, which allows to clearly and reasonably determining the priority location of the control panel. Practical value. The results of the research have been practically implemented. The control panel has been installed and is working successfully, as evidenced by the data of the city web portal «Ecomonitoring» in Kryvyi Rih – https://www.krmisto.gov.ua/ua/rc/ecomon.html. The social significance of the research is both in the participation of the industrial facility in the system of automated observations and assessment of air quality and in informing the inhabitants of man-made urban systems on the environment state. References 13, tables 3, figures 4.

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Tyutyunnik, Yu, O. Shabatura, O. Blum, and J. Daunis-i-Estadella. "GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOGEOCHEMICAL FIELD IN THE PRIOR LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF NORTHERN UKRAINE (BRYOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATION DATA)." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 3 (86) (2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.86.12.

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The bryogeochemical indication of atmospheric pollution in the central part of northern Ukraine is based on the use of moss P.schreberi species. The sampling system provided an empirical reference the moss sample data to a particular physical and geographical zone, taking into account the distance from the source of atmospheric pollution. This approach allowed developing a gradation of natural and man-caused conditions for the accumulation of chemical elements in moss samples. The data on the content of chemical elements in the moss-indicator were analysed and checked for comprehensive geostatistics (factor analysis methods, mapping of spatial correlations of significant factors, centered triangular charts and composite biplot). Results made possible to form a mutual hyperspace of geochemical factors and signs for its subsequent interpretation.The leading factor of the bryogeochemical indication is air pollution by a large dust of natural terrigenous and man-caused origin. Second factor connected with a finely dispersed man-caused-condensation aerosols impact; the third factor is identified by the behavior of titanium and vanadium as the effect of heat and power (TPP, boiler room) on atmospheric emissions; the fourth factor is аn impact of biogenesis, which is determined by active role of trace elements – sulfur and phosphorus; the fifth factor is connected with biogenic migration of trace elements – boron, copper and cobalt. The sixth factor is weak, and probably due to the behavior of manganese and chromium, associated with Eh-pH parameters of atmospheric precipitation and hydrometeors. The regional geostatistical analysis of the bryogeochemical data shows that the factor of the terrigenous dust uplift within the studied territory exhibits a spatial variability due to differences in the granulometric composition of the Quaternary deposits, the degree of soil retention and plowing, and differences in surface wind speeds. Spatial heterogeneity is obvious due to aman-caused factor showing a distribution of the dispersion of the Fe-S-Pb and V-Cd-Pb clusters on bipolar charts. Instead, such a geochemical factor as "biogenesis" shows a low spatial variability. The bryogeochemical indication is a good method for the assessment and monitoring of atmospheric pollution of large and varied natural and man-causedarea as well as the proposed geostatistical mapping of the atmogeochemic field showing that it is efficient todivide the territories by type of pollution.

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Gorsky, Andrey. "INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS INDUSTRIES IN UKRAINE." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 6(25) (2019): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2019/6(25)/12.

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It seems that research of innovation-investment development of industrial activities in the context of ecological and technogenic safety is of particular relevance. The state of innovation and investment development of potentially dangerous enterprises in the types of industrial activity is analyzed. Indicators for calculation of indicators of innovation and investment development by types of industrial activity are determined. A methodological approach for the calculation of innovation and investment development indicators is proposed. Indicators have been calculated and the types of industrial activity ranked according to the levels of development of their innovation and investment activity. It is proved that the innovation and investment development of the majority of potentially dangerous industries is low, the dynamics is unsatisfactory. This is especially the case for industries that account for most of the pollutant emissions from production activities: electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning and extractive industries. In forming the mechanism of innovation and investment development of potentially dangerous industries, it is necessary to take into account the factors of environmental and man-made risk, the conduct of environmental expertise on the conformity of design and actual performance indicators of equipment. It seems that the main tool for correcting the current state of innovation and investment development of the industry is a prudent state policy, which should be aimed at improving legislative and regulatory acts to reduce the financial burden of enterprises, increase the interest of enterprises in the implementation of innovation, private investors in their financing.

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Taher, Mohamed Muthana, Shaif M. K. Saleh, and Adel A. Alberkani. "Assessment of metal contamination in deposited dust of the industrial area and some streets - Aden city, Yemen." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 25, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2021.n1.a10.

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Air pollution from pollutant emissions has become a threat to the biological system and human health. The concentration levels and sources of heavy metals contamination were studied in deposited dust samples collected from various locations, including five different activity areas: industrial, highways, residential, mixed use and a remote area from contaminants in Aden, Yemen. Metal content of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Fe in dust was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed high concentration levels of Cd and Pb in industrial and residential areas. Deposited dust contamination was assessed by various methods: Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), Degree of contamination (DC) and potential ecological index (RI). The enrichment factor indicated extremely high enrichment of Cd, Pb and Zn. High EF of Cd, Pb and Zn showed that anthropogenic sources contribute a substantial amount of these metals to dust deposited. Contamination factor analysis showed that dust samples are significantly contaminated by Cd and Pb. Individual ecological risk (Er) indicated low to high contamination of Cd, but low contamination of Pb, Cr, Cu, Co and Zn. The degree of contamination (DC) and Potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that most of the study areas demonstrated “Moderate to considerable category” risk index. The result suggest mixed origin of pollution sources; including Man-made sources, traffic sources, and lithogenic occurrences of the metals from construction sources and road construction currently in some of the sites studied.

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Arakelyan, A., M. Vedernikova, E. Gavrilina, and K. Pechkurova. "Assessment of the Contribution of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Technogenic Risks Formation for the Population of the City Dimitrovgrad." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-13-19.

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Purpose: The assess the contribution of modern activity of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (JSC «SSC RIAR») in the formation of man-made risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region. Material and methods: The results of monitoring of the state of the environment, meteorological features of the area of JSC «SSC RIAR» location, data on the radiation and sanitary-epidemiological situation in Dimitrovgrad were studied and analyzed. The materials of the state reports, annual reports and analytical references of the Rospotrebnadzor, the Volga UGMS, Ulyanovskstat, the Ministry of Ecology and Nature Management of the Ulyanovsk Region and the Interregional Department № 172 of the FMBA of Russia, as well as the results of industrial and environmental monitoring provided directly by JSC “SSC RIAR” were used as the sources of the initial data. The work was carried out dispersion modeling of current annual gas and aerosol emissions to estimate the contribution of JSC « RIAR » in the formation of ambient city air pollution. The calculation of risks was carried out in accordance with the UNSCEAR methodology for the assessment of radiation risk and the Guidelines for the assessment of the effects of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results: The average annual dose rate for the population of Dimitrovgrad caused by current emissions of JSC «SSC RIAR» according to the results of conservative calculations is 0.9 µSv/year. The value of radiation risk for the population of the residential zone is at the level of 2.9∙10–8, while for the entire territory of Dimitrovgrad it is 5.4∙10–8. The resulting value of the radiation risk to the health of people living in a residential area of the city is more than 30 times lower than the level of acceptable risk (1∙10–6). The total value of chemical risk from all sources of air pollution in Dimitrovgrad is 1.3∙10–3. This risk level is in the range of unacceptable risk neither for the population nor for professional groups. Assessment of a carcinogenic risk from pollutants suggests the occurrence of malignant neoplasms as a negative effect. The total value of carcinogenic risk is 1.3∙10–4, which slightly exceeds the upper limit of the acceptable risk level for the population. Conclusion: The contribution of anthropogenic radiation factor to the overall risk structure is less than 0.003 %. The role of JSC “SSC RIAR” in the air pollution of the residential zone of the city is negligible and does not create toxic risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad. Thus the current activity of JSC “SSC RIAR” leads to negligible values of carcinogenic risks for the population of the area of the nuclear facility location.

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Sklyar, T. V., T. I. Yusypiva, and O. O. Slobodyanyuk. "Influence of phytoncide activity of Thuja occidentalis L. on strains of microorganisms under the action of car load (Dnipro city)." Ecology and Noospherology 31, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032014.

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Landscaping of modern cities is impossible without increasing the area of green planting, which performs the function of turning the environment into more health-friendly one. Especially valuable are the species of ornamental plants that have high volatile activity. Because volatiles regulate the balance of pathogenic microflora in the air of cities, they significantly improve people's living conditions. According to the results of a previous study it was found that Thuja occidentalis L. and Th. plicata Donn ex D. Don f. “Zebrina” had the highest bactericidal activity during the winter among members of the family Cupressaceae. Given the frost, wind, gas and smoke resistance of Th. occidentalis, the aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of phytoncide activity of the needles of this tree species during the year in a relatively clean zone and under the influence of vehicle emissions on plants in the urban ecosystem of Dnipro. The material was collected in all seasons of the year at two monitoring points in Dnipro, which differ in the level of environmental pollution by vehicle emissions. Traffic intensity was determined by the Potichuk & Pilipaka method. Antimicrobial action of Th. occidentalis was studied by the method of placing the crops of microbial test cultures under the effect of volatile secretions of needles and evaluating the result on a scale of phytoncide activity. The test subjects were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Esherechia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida albicans. Studies have shown that in a relatively clean area and under the action of traffic loads, the inhibitory effect of needles on the studied strains of microorganisms changes during the year: in winter it is the smallest, in spring begins to grow, in summer is maximum, and in autumn decreases again. Under the man-made growth conditions, the greatest volatile activity of Th. оccidentalis performs on test objects such as: S. aureus, Micrococcus sp. and E. coli. When affected by car load, there is significant inhibition of phytoncide production by needles in the presence of C. albicans, to a lesser extent – Ps. fluorescens and B. subtilis. It is recommended to use Th. оccidentalis in landscaping of urban areas with moderate traffic.

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John, John P. "Parametric Studies of Cement Production Processes." Journal of Energy 2020 (February 15, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4289043.

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The cement industry is one of the most intensive energy consumers in the industrial sectors. The energy consumption represents 40% to 60% of production cost. Additionally, the cement industry contributes around 5% to 8% of all man-made CO2 emissions. Physiochemical and thermochemical reactions involved in cement kilns are still not well understood because of their complexity. The reactions have a decisive influence on energy consumption, environmental degradation, and the cost of cement production. There are technical difficulties in achieving direct measurements of critical process variables in kiln systems. Furthermore, process simulation is used for design, development, analysis, and optimization of processes, when experimental tests are difficult to conduct. Moreover, there are several models for the purpose of studying the use of alternative fuels, cement clinker burning process, phase chemistry, and physical parameters. Nonetheless, most of them do not address real inefficiency taking place in the processes, equipment, and the overall system. This paper presents parametric study results of the four-stage preheater dry Rotary Kiln System (RKS) with a planetary cooler. The RKS at the Mbeya Cement Company (MCC) in Tanzania is used as a case study. The study investigated the effects of varying the RKS parameters against system behaviour, process operation, environment, and energy consumptions. Necessary data for the modelling of the RKS at the MCC plant were obtained either by daily operational measurements or laboratory analyses. The steady-state simulation model of the RKS was carried out through the Aspen Plus software. The simulation results were successfully validated using real operating data. Predictions from parametric studies suggest that monitoring and regulating exhaust gases could improve combustion efficiency, which, in turn, leads to conserving fuels and lowering production costs. Composition of exhaust gases also depends both on the type of fuel used and the amount of combustion air. The volume of exit flue gases depends on the amount of combustion air and infiltrating air in the RKS. The results obtained from the study suggest a potential of coal saving at a minimum of about ṁcoal=1263 kg·h−1, which approximates to 76,126 tons per year at the current kiln feed of 58,000 kg·h-1. Thus, this translates to a specific energy saving of about 1849.12 kJ·kgcl-1, with relatively higher clinker throughput. In this vein, process modelling provides effective, safe, and economical ways for assessing the performance of the RKS.

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Martynova, Alla, Roman Mikhaylov, and Sergei Pryanichnikov. "Determination of the level of regional morbidity of the population based on data on anthropogenic load." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 4 (2021): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-307-319.

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The aim of the work is to determine the external, anthropogenic environmental factors that negatively affect the morbidity of the population and associated nosologies. The knowledge gained in this area will allow us to identify the adverse impacts of man-made nature and identify tools for environmental quality management to promote public health. Geoinformation data will help to identify the areas with the most intense environmental situation in the Murmansk region. It will also identify the dominant diseases in these areas. Mining and metallurgical enterprises mainly contribute to the pollution of the territory of the region: Kola MMC, Severonikel, Phosagro, Kovdor mining and processing plant, North-Western Phosphorus Company, Olkon and Rusal, as well as the nuclear fleet and fish processing enterprises, power supply facilities. The air basin is dominated by fluoride compounds, which are the emissions of ethylene into the atmosphere. Data on the demographic situation and medical statistics, including data on general morbidity and mortality, were obtained from the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics for Murmansk Region, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Monitoring, Analysis and Strategic Development of Health Care, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Health Care” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Murmansk Region. The medical and environmental analysis of adverse factors in the regions of Murmansk region was carried out taking into account the environmentally dependent diseases of the adult population. The assessment of the morbidity of the population in the Murmansk region showed that several areas with a tense environmental situation are identified in the region. Diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system are leading in the structure of overall morbidity.

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Shao, Hong Xia, Qing Guo Tang, Jin Sheng Liang, and Yan Ding. "Effect of Mineral Composite Fillers on Properties of Man-Made Plywood." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.97.

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Attapulgite mineral powder as raw material, through surface modification and composite of various mineral processing, the effect of modifier dosage, composite powder filler ratio on the mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the plywood which is bonded by filled urea-formaldehyde resin were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of the plywood bonding strength to meet the national standard, modified attapulgite make the plywood formaldehyde emission decrease from 4.5 to 2.1 mg/L, the composite material can make the formaldehyde emission decreased to 1.6 mg/L, which can improved the indoor environment and the grade of plywood.

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Chorna, V. I., L. V. Dotsenko, and N. V. Voroshylova. "Ecological and biological characteristics of restoration with tree plants in the conditions of the Steppe Pridniprovia." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 49 (December 15, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442009.

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The change of forest cover in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast within the framework of the concept of agroforestry reclamation development in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that the forested area in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is currently about 5%, which does not correspond to the optimal level of forest cover for this area, which is determined at 8%. The increase of forested areas within the surveyed territory was observed because of the two such processes, as reforestation and afforestation. In recent years, these processes have shown a steady downward trend in the number of forested areas. Succession series can be fundamentally different in the reproduction of forest plantations due to reforestation and afforestation. During reforestation, the succession series will be much slower, but it will be able to reach climax stage can due to the fact that the plantations will include indigenous plant species. When fast-growing species will be selected during afforestation, plantations will develop more rapidly, but will be much less stable and need constant care. Thus, the processes of forest plantations development in the Dnipropetrovsk region need significant processing and intensification. Until recently, there was no doubt about the beneficial effects of forest vegetation on air quality. A large number of wood species can not only emit volatiles, but also absorb in their biomass a significant amount of toxic elements, such as heavy metals, radionuclides and others. However, recently, due to the large anthropogenic and man-made load on the atmosphere (industrial emissions, transport, pesticides, herbicides, etc.), the process of so-called secondary air pollution has been observed. This is manifested as follows – woody vegetation absorbs toxic substances, processes them into even more toxic and releases them into the air. Significant impact of forests is also observed on the stability of systems. It is known that the higher the species diversity – the lower the dominance index, and the more stable the system. The introduction of new species of woody plants, and behind them new species of fauna increases the diversity of the ecosystem, which is undoubtedly favorable. But on the other hand, this leads to the extinction of typical steppe species, for example, in forest biogeocenoses live a large number of small predators, and most species of steppe birds nesting on the ground can be easily destroyed by them. Forest vegetation significantly changes the landscape. Any woody plants in the steppe create an ecotone, ie the zone of contact of different habitats, which increases the species diversity and, in general, alpha diversity of the territory and, consequently, increases its resistance to anthropogenic and man-made loads. On the other hand, it contributes to the even more intensive disappearance of zonal steppe landscapes, of which there are very few left in the Dnipropetrovsk region due to high population density and a high degree of agricultural development. Forest plantations in the region can be created in two fundamentally different forms – forest belts and forests. It is clear that the creation of forest belts will be timed to the massifs of agricultural land as their main function is to create an optimal microclimate. The creation of forests, first of all, should be aimed at increasing and maintaining species diversity, secondly, it will undoubtedly expand the recreational potential of the region, which is currently clearly insufficient. Currently, when creating any of these types of plantations, there are serious environmental miscalculations. First of all, it is the creation of plantations from allochthonous, that is, from the very beginning species not peculiar to this territory. As a rule, it is a pine or an acacia white. These unpretentious breeds grow quite quickly, well acclimatized, which, of course, makes their use more cost-effective and attractive. But on the other hand, the plantations created from them are much less long-lived than, for example, oak groves typical for this region and, unlike them, require constant care, because they are practically unable to reach menopause.

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Hakkarainen, Janne, Iolanda Ialongo, Shamil Maksyutov, and David Crisp. "Analysis of Four Years of Global XCO2 Anomalies as Seen by Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850.

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NASA’s carbon dioxide mission, Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, began operating in September 2014. In this paper, we analyze four years (2015–2018) of global (60°S–60°N) XCO2 anomalies and their annual variations and seasonal patterns. We show that the anomaly patterns in the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2, are robust and consistent from year-to-year. We evaluate the method by comparing the anomalies to fluxes from anthropogenic, biospheric, and biomass burning and to model-simulated local concentration enhancements. We find that, despite the simplicity of the method, the anomalies describe the spatio-temporal variability of XCO2 (including anthropogenic emissions and seasonal variability related to vegetation and biomass burning) consistently with more complex model-based approaches. We see, for example, that positive anomalies correspond to fossil fuel combustion over the major industrial areas (e.g., China, eastern USA, central Europe, India, and the Highveld region in South Africa), shown as large positive XCO2 enhancements in the model simulations. We also find corresponding positive anomalies and fluxes over biomass burning areas during different fire seasons. On the other hand, the largest negative anomalies correspond to the growing season in the northern middle latitudes, characterized by negative XCO2 enhancements from simulations and high solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) values (indicating the occurrence of photosynthesis). The largest discrepancies between the anomaly patterns and the model-based results are observed in the tropical regions, where OCO-2 shows persistent positive anomalies over every season of every year included in this study. Finally, we demonstrate how XCO2 anomalies enable the detection of anthropogenic signatures for several local scale case studies, both in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. In particular, we analyze the XCO2 anomalies collocated with the recent TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument NO2 observations (used as indicator of anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion) over the Highveld region in South Africa. The results highlight the capability of satellite-based observations to monitor natural and man-made CO2 signatures on global scale.

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Amirov, A. N., F. R. Saifullina, and D. Y. Plotnikov. "The influence of air pollution on children’s eye." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 944–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2113.

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An intensive man-made emission is typical for a modern world. Air pollution has a great impact on public health. Children are the most vulnerable to the influence of unfavorable environmental factors that affect different organs and systems. Not only physical, but also mental health is affected. There are little data on the impact of environmental pollution on the eye diseases in children available. When analyzing the eye diseases in children living in unfavorable environment, functional and organic changes of visual system were found as an evidence of negative role of air pollution. Microcirculation and metabolism impairments affecting the characteristics of the sclera can occur. The influence of man-made pollution on children’s eye may be indirect and cause different eye diseases including development of refractive vision defect.

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Lezhneva, E., I. Lynnyk, K. Vakulenko, and N. Sokolova. "ON IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF THE KHARKIV MOTORWAY SECTION." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 166 (November 30, 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-6-166-196-203.

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Nowadays, on the territory of large cities, there is an increase in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The reasons for this are manifold: violation of design technological regimes, outdated equipment, an increase in the volume of road transport. The constantly growing intensity of traffic flows is annually accompanied by an increase in the anthropogenic load on the population of modern cities. With the increase in the number of vehicles on the streets of large cities, the world community has identified noise as one of the main factors that worsen the standard of living of people. To assess the noise pollution of the environment by road transport, a typical area of the urban area in the Kharkiv micro district was chosen. The study consisted of four main stages: Stage I – assessment of the road condition and environmental situation in the courtyards of the micro district; Stage II – assessment of acoustic pollution of the main area; Stage III – assessment of the concentration of pollutants; Stage IV – measures to reduce the level of environmental hazard. The study revealed that residential areas around Gagarin Avenue are prone to high noise levels and high concentrations of pollutants in the air. So, Gagarin Avenue is in the zone of acoustic discomfort (noise level 80 dBA), which exceeds the permissible noise level, while the degree of man-made impact on the environment during road operation is 1000 UAH / hour for every 100 people. Based on the results of calculations of the concentrations of pollutants from vehicles along Gagarin Avenue, it was found that for almost all substances their concentrations exceed the MPC by more than 3 times. Analysis of the experience of European countries in the use of noise protection screens with integrated solar panels allowed us to propose a model of noise protection barrier with integrated solar panels, which can be used to protect the urban environment from noise, sound waves and exhaust chemicals. gases from internal combustion engines. It has been established that the placement of a combined noise protection screen will reduce the noise level by about 8–15 dBA. Noise load maps were built in the main area before and after the implementation of the environmental measure. The results of the study will make it possible to introduce administrative and legislative measures to ensure regulatory noise levels for residential areas adjacent to highways and environmental safety when organizing traffic on the streets of large cities.

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Chartko, M. K., and A. A. Karpichenka. "Atmospheric precipitation on the soils of Belarusian Polesye." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2015): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041503.

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The article considers the influence of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and dry residue with rain and snow in the formation of technogenic situations in the soils of the Belarusian Polesye. Anthropogenic impact on the soil is formed as a result of entering into the soil of technogenesis product, is made up of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and rain, as well as key components of chemical reclamation (Ca, Mg, K, N, P) of soil. Based on field research and data of the Hydrometeorological Service of Belarus there was generalized the information and disclosed the regularities of dust deposition and mineral residue precipitation in Belarusian Polesye. Mapping the anthropogenic impact on the soil was performed using software packages ESRI ArcView and ESRI ArcGIS. It is set a noticeable spatial heterogeneity in the level of anthropogenic impact on the soil of the Belarusian Polesye, ranging from 6,3 t/ha per year in the district of Gantsevichi to 17,6 t/ha in Malorita district, Brest region. There is a general tendency of increasing of the given parameter in the direction from north-east to south-west of Polesye. The level of anthropogenic impact is largely dependent on natural (soil properties and structure of the soil) and economic (level of development and specialization of industry and agriculture) factors. The lowest value of the anthropogenic impact (less than 7,5 t/ha per year) is characteristic for areas with underdeveloped industry and a high proportion of drained peat soils: Gantsevichi, Oktyabrsky, Narovlya and Zhitkovichi. For the western part of the Belarusian Polesye (Malorita, Stolin, Ivanovo, Berezovsky, Drogichin areas) other than large areas of sandy soils, characterized by increased loads on agropochvy (12,1 or more t/ha per year), the largest contribution falls on the organic fertilizers. Technogenic situation in the soils was estimated based on the amount of annual agrotechnogenic load on the soil, air emissions from stationary sources and the level of radioactive contamination, formed as a result of the Chernobyl accident. As a result, we allocated favorable, satisfactory, conflict, tension, and critical situation. Favorable technogenic situation is typical for soils under forests and within specially protected areas (national parks and nature reserves) with anthropogenic load of less than 1 t/ha, not contaminated and distant from industrial centers. Such conditions correspond to 15 % of the Belarusian Polesye near major rivers and their tributaries in the region (the area between the Dnieper and the Sozh, the middle flow for the Pripyat and its tributaries Sluch, Yaselda, Ubort). A satisfactory situation has developed for 28,5 % of the territory, mainly within the northern part of the Pripyat Polesye due to a moderate level of anthropogenic pressure, in part – in the border of forest and wetland areas due to contamination with radionuclides. The conflict situation is typical for the northern part of Brest and Mozyr Polesye, on the right bank of the Dnieper and Berezina rivers, as well as in the area between Pina and Goryn rivers (27,7 %). In the southern part of the Brest Polesye, as well as in the countryside and along the Goryn river valley there is a tense situation (22,2 %), due to high anthropogenic pressure and intensive agricultural activities, in the latter case – also complicated by radioactive contamination. Critical man-made situation (7 %), which is observed in the south-east of Polesye, is due to high levels of radioactive contamination within the Polesye State Radiation Ecological Reserve and adjacent areas, despite the relatively low levels of air and agrotechnogenic pollution.

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Li, Meng Meng, Satoru Kawasaki, Qiu Zhuo Zhang, and Varenyam Achal. "Novel Microbial Based Low Energy Green Building Material Production Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.96.

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The present world cannot be imagined without construction industry. On other hand we are not able to prevent impact of construction on the environment due to usage of its key component that is cement, which plays a greater role in the emission of greenhouse gases. Every tonne of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) that is produced releases on average a similar amount of CO2into the atmosphere, or in total roughly 6% of all man-made carbon emissions. One of the purposes of research should be to lower the amount of cement during construction without compromising the quality of building structure. Microbial metabolic activities often contribute to selective cementation by biomineralization. In the present study, a novel microbial based low energy green building material based on microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been reported that is known as “biocement”. Biocement has enormous potential and usage in building materials and structures with potential to partially replace the cement. The research demonstrates that production of biocement can enhance the durability of building structures in addition to have least impact on the environment.

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Dzhioeva, Ada, and Vladimir Brigida. "Spatial non-linearity of methane release dynamics in underground boreholes for sustainable mining." Journal of Mining Institute 245 (December 2, 2020): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.5.3.

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The paper is devoted to the problem of increasing energy efficiency of coalmine methane utilization to provide sustainable development of geotechnologies in the context of transition to a clean resource-saving energy production. Its relevance results from the fact that the anthropogenic effect of coalmine methane emissions on the global climate change processes is 21 times higher than the impact of carbon dioxide. Suites of gassy coal seams and surrounding rocks should be classified as technogenic coal-gas deposits, while gas extracted from them should be treated as an alternative energy source. Existing practices and methods of controlling coalmine methane need to be improved, as the current “mine – longwall” concept does not fully take into account spatial and temporal specifics of production face advancement. Therefore, related issues are relevant for many areas of expertise, and especially so for green coal mining. The goal of this paper is to identify patterns that describe non-linear nature of methane release dynamics in the underground boreholes to provide sustainable development of geotechnologies due to quality improvement of the withdrawn methane-air mixture. For the first time in spatial-temporal studies (in the plane of CH4-S) of methane concentration dynamics, according to the designed approach, the parameter of distance from the longwall (L) is introduced, which allows to create function space for the analyzed process (CH4 of S-L). Results of coalmine measurements are interpreted using the method of local polynomial regression (LOESS). The study is based on using non-linear variations of methane concentration in the underground boreholes and specific features of their implementation to perform vacuum pumping in the most productive areas of the undermined rock mass in order to maintain safe aerogas conditions of the extraction block during intensive mining of deep-lying gassy seams. Identification of patterns in the influence of situational geomechanical conditions of coal mining on the initiation of metastable gas-coal solution transformation and genesis of wave processes in the coal-rock mass allows to improve reliability of predicting methane release dynamics, as well as workflow manageability of mining operations. Presented results demonstrate that development of high-methane Donbass seams is associated with insufficient reliability of gas drainage system operation at distances over 40 m behind the longwall face. Obtained results confirm a working hypothesis about the presence of spatial migration of methane concentration waves in the underground gas drainage boreholes. It is necessary to continue research in the area of estimating deviation angles of “advance fracturing” zone boundaries from the face line direction. Practical significance of research results lies in the possibility to use them in the development of scientific foundation for 3D gas drainage of a man-made coal-methane reservoir, taking into account spatial and temporal advancement of the production face.

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Lu, Li Teh, and I. Cheng Chang. "Carbon Footprint Inventory, Estimation and Analysis System in a RC Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.150.

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The construction industry is one part of economic development critical to a nation’s infrastructure. However, there is significant man-made “Greenhouse Gas (GHG)” generated during the construction industry’s any Life Cycle (LC).We tailor actions to suit local circumstance and made a systematically preliminary investigation of an inventory, estimation and analysis system currently available in estimation of carbon footprints of an ordinary RC building in Taiwan. There are about 60% of carbon footprints derived from production or usage of high carbon emission building material steel bars.

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Sun, Wei, Bing Ma, Jin Ma, and Ji Yuan Wu. "Dynamic Matching Analysis of Engine and Torque Converter in Tracked Coach Car." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.314.

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It is an essential indicator for vehicles to reach its optimized level that the engine and torque converter match properly. According to dynamic performance and emission performance, the match of engine and torque converter can be optimized based on their characteristics as well as matching principles. After studying on input/output characteristic and tractive characteristic, exploring dynamic matching in the process of coaching, a control program is made which enhances learning efficiency and emission performance, thus it provides a very important reference value on optimization of man-machine interface and operation control program.

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Zhu, Ying Bo, Xun Feng Xia, and Jiong Hua Li. "Evaluation of Water Pollution of Hotels Surrounding Dongchang Lakes in Shandong Province of China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.910.

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Dongchang Lake is a rare man-made lake in northern China located in western Shandong Province. It comprises of 6 sectional lakes and its total area is about 4.2 km2. But in these years, water pollution, especially from hotels surrounding Dongchang Lakes, had damaged people’s usual life. For solving this problem, we designed relative questionnaire and do investigation respectively in 2010 and 2011. Based on the statistical data and the first national census of pollution sources of urban life source production and emission coefficient manual, the amount of produced and emission about sewage and Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen from hotels were calculated to provide better service for people.

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Topolář, Libor. "Quantification of Micro-Cracks by Acoustic Emission Method during Setting and Hardening of Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.199.

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As a non-traditional, non-destructive analysis method, the Acoustic Emission Method was used for civil engineering experiment. Concrete is a composite construction material frequently used in civil engineering. We know that concrete is like a man – when concrete is made it is like a baby, then it ages and its properties change in accordance to its baby life. That means it is better to monitor and change its properties when it is young as soon as possible. However, using methods immediately after concrete birth (making the mixture) is difficult. The main aim of the article is to show the application of Acoustic Emission Method during concrete lifetime, particularly during the first days after mixing the mixture. Article describes monitoring concrete structure for 20 days since their making up. Primary interesting part is during first day of hardening. Acoustic Emission Method has used for monitoring both samples. Expected result has been between covered and uncovered specimen.

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