Дисертації з теми "Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l'Intestin (MICI)"
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Dupont, Claire. "Séquelles anatomiques et fonctionnelles des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI) de l'enfant." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR065.
Повний текст джерелаThe course of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s diseae, ulcerative colitis and IBDD unclassified) can be complicated by structural or functional sequelae. Structural complications include intestinal fibrosis which can cause bowel strictures. IBD can be associated with functional abdominal pain persisting despite remission of inflammation. The purpose of our work was to determine the burden of these complications and search for association with previous severity of inflammation, based on!two clinical studies and two animal models. In the first study, TFI-MICI, we showed that 20% of children and adolescents with IBD in clinical and biochemical Remission had functional gastrointestinal disorders, among which 15% had functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD). FAPD was! Ssociated with increased fatigue, depressive symptoms and reduced quality of life, but not with anxiety. There was no association between the severity of IBD and presence of FAPD. The second study, STENO-PED, focused on imaging and clinical predictors of response!to treatment in children and adolescents with stricturing small bowel Crohn’s disease. We showed that the predictors for surgery were a dilation proximal to the stricture of >30mm, and a PCDAI score at diagnosis of stricture > 22.5. Receiving an anti-TNFα treatment after diagnosis of stricture was a protective factor from surgery. Experimental models allowing to follow the progression of fibrosis along with inflammation and assess response to Treatment are lacking, in particular for pre-pubertal animals. We adapted to Sprague-Dawley pre-pubertal rats a model of acute (1 dose of! TNBS) and chronic (3 doses of TNBS) hapten-induced colitis. The rats in both models developed significant inflammation, based on histology and magnetic resonance colonography. Rats in the chronic colitis model developed histologic fibrosis. There was a non-significant trend to fibrosis in the acute model. !We treated rats in both models with MODULEN IBD® from induction of colitis to collection of colonic samples. This treatment did not reverse inflammation nor fibrosis. Fibrosis and functional abdominal pain in pediatric-onset IBD are two important problems, although functional pain appeared to be not more frequent than in the general population. Animal models could be of great assistance in order to better decipher the link between inflammation and fibrosis, and see if an effective early suppression of inflammation along with new anti-fibrotic therapies could halt the progression of fibrosis
Svrcek, Magali. "Oncogenèse des cancers colorectaux (CCR) au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066228.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), face an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC develop from a precursor lesion, dysplasia. In contrast to sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, less is known about molecular mechanisms and genetic alterations underlying colorectal carcinogenesis complicating IBD. Moreover, most data in the literature are focused on UC. The aim of this work was to better characterize intestinal neoplasias complicating IBD from a pathological and molecular point of view. We observed similar frequencies of dysplasia adjacent to and distant from CRC in both CD and UC. We showed that the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype, a phenotype due to mismatch repair (MMR) genes defects, was involved in a significant part of these neoplasias. The mechanisms underlying MMR deficiency in the setting of IBD were different from those in sporadic MSI CRC and seemed to be more related to those observed in hereditary MSI CRC. In contrast, the mechanisms of tumoral progression seemed to be similar to those of other MSI tumors. At least, we showed that MGMT (O6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) field defect, a repair gene not belonging to the MMR system, may be a crucial initiating step prior to MMR deficiency in the development of MSI CRC arising in different clinical contexts (sporadic, inherited, and IBD-associated CRC)
Rajca, Sylvie. "Conséquences physiopathologiques de la dysbiose associée aux maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066188/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, the involvement of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been established. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of dysbiosis in intestinal ecosystem of IBD patients.These three studies allowed us to confirm the fundamental role of IBD-associated dysbiosis. First, IBD-associated dysbiosis has been identified as a potential predictive tool of relapse, before local or systemic inflammation. Second, IBD-associated dysbiosis has been involved as an actor in the emergence of an imbalance of intestinal ecosystem. This imbalance was characterised by an alteration of microbiota enzymatic activity leading to modifications in the luminal bile acid pool composition and may affect the anti-inflammatory effects of some bile acids on gut epithelial cells and could participate in the chronic inflammation loop of IBD. Moreover, a deficiency in the antimicrobial defense systems of defensins may be an explanation for the break of the antibacterial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases maintaining dysbiosis.These results reinforce the prominent role of the microbiota in the development of IBD and suggest that restoring normobiosis could be a new goal for optimal IBD management
Basso, Lilian. "Activité analgésique des lymphocytes T CD4+ dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30036.
Повний текст джерелаPainful sensation is a hallmark of the inflammatory response induced by the infection by pathogens or tissue damage. Pro-inflammatory mediators released during inflammation directly activate primary sensory neuron to initiate painful message. This painful message is regulated in situ via the secretion of opioids by effectors CD4+ T lymphocytes generated in response to the pathogen. The analgesic properties of the CD4+ T lymphocytes are acquired upon activation by antigen loaded-dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes via the de novo synthesis of enkephalin. Enkephalins are released by effector CD4+ T lymphocytes upon their arrival at the site of inflammation after new antigen stimulation with the cognate antigen. A defective regulation of CD4 + T cells in the intestinal mucosa can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). My work shows in mice that Th1 and Th17 effector CD4+ T lymphocytes that are associated with IBD produce enkephalins. Using colorectal distension, I demonstrate that, during the acute phase of colitis, characterized by the activation of innate immune cells, mice exhibit visceral hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity disappears in the later stages of the disease, when T cells infiltrate the inflamed mucosa. This inhibition of visceral hypersensitivity is dependent on the activation of the peripheral opioid receptors by the local release of enkephalins by CD4+ T cells. The intensity of visceral hypersensitivity appears to correlate with the rate of infiltration of the mucosa by T cells rather than the extent of tissue damage. This observation led us to develop a new anti-nociceptive strategy based on the recruitment of T cells at the early phase of colitis. The strategy that we adopted to accelerate the recruitment of T cells to the site of inflammation, was based on the establishment of a secondary immune response. I showed immunization of mice allowed, during a second exposure of to the antigen in the inflammatory site, reduce inflammatory visceral pain. This analgesic strategy was effective in both models of visceral pain that I have studied, the DSS-induced colitis in mice, and the cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis in rats. The use, in my protocol, of vaccines commonly used in human medicine allows considering rapid application in humans
Michaud, Eva. "Rôle des immunoglobulines sécrétoires dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES006.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a major public health issue in industrialized and newly-industrialized countries. Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) both present intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory responses towards members of the microbiota. Secretory Ig (SIg), SIgA and SIgM, are inducers of immune tolerance towards this microbiota. In humans, only SIgA2 can uptaken by M cells of the Peyer’s Patches and transported to the mucosa with their antigens. This reverse transcytosis (RT) is dependent on Dectin-1 and Siglec-5 binding. We show that SIgM can also undergo RT and IgA sub-class and isoform condition dendritic cell phenotypes and affinity for each IgA receptor is key for these interactions. In IBD, we uncover pathogenic functions on IgA1-induced selection of the microbiota in CD, and loss of function of IgA2 for microbiota selection in UC. Finally, we show that Dectin-1 ligands can limit RT in vivo in mouse models of colitis and thus limit inflammation. This work offers new avenues regarding the understanding of dysbiosis maintenance et provides novel therapeutic approaches in the care for IBD. It can be transposed in other metabolic disease wherein dysbiosis promotes inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity
Pelissier-Rota, Marjolaine. "Le stress et les maladies inflammatoires cryptogénétiques de l'intestin (MICI) : rôle anti-inflammatoire de la neurostimulation vagale (NSV)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV057/document.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis suffer from chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation that favours the development of colitis associated cancer (CAC). This inflammation is initiated by aberrant activations of the innate immune responses associated to intestinal barrier defects. The conventional medical therapies consist to decrease the inflammatory response, which also decrease the risk of colon carcinoma but lead to severe side-effects. Recently, a number of animal studies have demonstrated that innate immune responses are attenuated by stimulation of the efferent arm of vagus nerve (VN) through its neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) that acts on resident macrophages α7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR). ACh also acts as a signalling molecule in epithelial cells through cholinergic receptors such as nAChR or muscarinic (mAChR) receptors. In the current study, we aimed to extend these findings to CAC prevention by treating human adenocarcinoma cell lines through targeting cholinergic receptors with nicotine (which binds nAChR) and ACh (which binds both cholinergic receptors). Using HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines, we demonstrated that ACh-induced activation of mAChR results in cell dissociation together with changes in expression and localization of intestinal tight and adherens junction proteins. ACh-induced modulation of cell adhesion proprieties correlates with the acquisition of invasive potential. By contrast, nicotine-mediated activation of nAChR maintains epithelial cell organisation. ACh-released by VN stimulation (VNS) could effectively preserve epithelium integrity thus limiting inflammatory response and tumor development. However, attention should be paid on the nature of the cholinergic receptor solicited. Indeed, regarding to the protective effects of nAChR signalling on epithelial cells, activation of mAChR would worsen the disease and led to increase inflammation. These data have important repercussions on the therapeutic potential of VNS in IBD and CAC, which may represent “the yin and yang” of the intestinal homeostasis
Maltese, Michaël. "Rôle de Vanin-1 dans l'intéraction hôte-microbiote et la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4116.
Повний текст джерелаThe interaction between microbiota and the epithelium play a key role in establishing and maintaining intestinal homeostasis by the production of factors influencing the environment. The ecto-pantetheinase Vanin-1 (Vnn1) produces pantothenate (vitB5) and cysteamine in the coenzyme A degradation pathway. Using mouse models, we highlighted the role of Vnn1 in intestinal inflammation and we described the overexpression of VNN1 in IBD patients. Thus, VNN1 is a marker of IBD. To understand the impact of Vnn1 expression on intestinal homeostasis, we developed the ViVA transgenic mouse (Villin-Vanin) constitutively overexpressing Vnn1 under the control of the villin promoter. The ViVA mouse is protected from DSS induced colitis with less epithelial damage rather than a reduction of inflammation. A microarray study on microdissected colonocytes allowed us to identify genes expression signatures associated to the preservation of mucosal integrity in the ViVA mouse under DSS treatment and a better health status on ViVA colonocytes at the basal state
Petitcollin, Antoine. "Pharmacocinétique et relation concentration-effet des anti-TNFα dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B032.
Повний текст джерелаTherapeutic antibodies display complex pharmacokinetic properties. When the antigenic mass increases, they are eliminated faster, and thus an active disease is responsible for a fast clearance. Moreover, patients can produce antibodies to the drug, leading to a strongly accelerated clearance. In this work, we studied the variability of the pharmacokinetics and of the concentration-effect relationship of anti-TNFα antibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The intra-individual variability of infliximab was described using compartmental modelling, and the relationship between disease activity and clearance was demonstrated at the individual level. A model was built to detect clearance increases putatively linked to immunogenicity, independently from evidencing any anti-drug antibodies in blood samples, thus avoiding the analytical issues that hampers the detection of immunization. The time-varying pharmacokinetics was comfronted to the clinical response, showing that clearance was predicitive of the respsonse in induction and de-escalation settings. Therefore, it was hypothetized that monitoring the clearance could help the follow-up of the disease, as an early marker of disease activity and evolution. Last, it was shown that cumulated exposure to infliximab was linked to the risk of developping opportunistic infections. Based on this data, recommandations regarding the modalities of regimen adaptations could be built, that are currently lacking. All the work presented here contribute to enhance our knowledge of the pharmacology of anti-TNFα antibodies, but also of other therapeutic antibodies, and to improve their use in clinical settings
Lemaire, Lucas. "Synthèse de composés pyrimido[5,4-d]- et pyrido[3,2-d]oxazoles originaux et développement de nouveaux agonistes potentiels des récepteurs CB2 pour le traitement des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S030.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which two major forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect 2.2 million people in Europe. They are characterized by the inflammation of all or part of the digestive tract. Recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system has a beneficial role against inflammation of the gut through the CB2 receptor and the endocannabinoids. Our work focuses on the development of selective CB2 agonists for the treatment of IBD.First, two series of compounds were designed and synthesized around oxazole and isoxazole heterocycles. Different groups, known to be essential for CB2 agonist activity in previous series, were introduced on these heterocycles. These new compounds were evaluated for their pharmacological activity.Simultaneously, some original pyrimido[5,4-d]- and pyrido[3,2-d]oxazole compounds were synthesized starting from 5-amino-2-phenyloxazole-4-carbonitrile. Indeed, this pattern possesses an enaminonitrile system favorable to cyclisation. Firstly, the synthesis of these new bicycles was optimized. Then, pharmacophoric groups essential for the agonist CB2 activity were introduced to design new potential CB2 receptor agonists based on these bicycles
Martin-Rodriguez, Omayra. "Evaluation des facteurs issus de l'efferocytose comme médicament innovant dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE011/document.
Повний текст джерелаInflammation is a natural body defence reaction in response to injuries. The clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages is at the origin of a pro-resolving microenvironment composed of various soluble factors, allow the arrest of the inflammatory response and to initiate tissue repair. The resolution of inflammation is sometimes defective and contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this context, we propose to evaluate the therapeutic effect of these pro-resolving factors in the treatment of IBD. This factors derived from the culture of macrophages with apoptotic cells, and called SuperMApo (Supernatant issued from Macrophage Apoptotic cell culture) (Patent # WO2014106666-A1, 2013) contains pro-resolving factors similar to those found in the physiological process of inflammatory resolution, and which may be absent or ineffective in these patients.In this work, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of SuperMApo using two experimental models of colitis. To assess the relevance of these models to clinical practice, we have implemented flexible video endoscopy. The therapeutic effect of SuperMApo has been shown to decrease the clinical, endoscopic and histological score of colitis mice, accompanied by improved intestinal permeability and mucosal healing in vivo. This therapeutic effect is related in part to reprogramming of antigen presenting cells (APC), in particular cDC and macrophages, which exhibit less response to TLR ligands, promote induction of Treg and inhibit Th1 production. In addition, SuperMApo induces a marked tissue repair of the intestinal mucosa associated with activation of myofibroblasts, the active form of fibroblasts, and the epithelial intestinal cells (IEC). In particular, SuperMApo increases the migration, proliferation and wound healing properties of these two cell types. This effect depends in part on the growth factors contained in SuperMApo such as TGF-β, IGF-I and VEGF. Finally, preliminary results show that SuperMApo induces a repairing state on fibroblasts from patients with IBD. This opens widely the use of SuperMApo as a clinically approach to propose this new therapeutic option to refractory patients suffering from IBD
Zrieki, Afraa. "Etude de la régulation des transporteurs d'efflux intestinaux (P-GP, BCRP) par les inhibiteurs de cyclo-oxygenases au cours de pathologies intestinales : maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin et cancer colorectal." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114819.
Повний текст джерелаElevated expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) seems to correlate with multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR). In this study, we have investigated the effect of COX inhibitors in the regulation of these ABC transporters. In vitro, the chronic exposure of Caco-2 cells to indomethacin heptyl ester (IHE), nimesulide (COX2 inhibitors), and naproxen (non specific COX inhibitor) significantly decreased the expression and activity of P-gp. In vitro and in vivo in mice, IHE treatment was able to prevent TNBS-induced up-regulation of P-gp expression and activity. This effect was mediated by a COX-2/PGE2 independent mechanism that involves PPARg activation and the downstream NF-kB inhibition pathway. Moreover, a positive correlation between P-gp and COX-2 protein expression was found in colorectal tumor tissues in human. Our results suggest that COX inhibitors could be used as chemosensitisers to reverse the MDR phenotype
Lucas-Andrzejak, Virginie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590867.
Повний текст джерелаRahmouni, Oumaïra. "Portage fécal du pathovar Escherichia coli adhérent et invasif (AIEC) chez des patients atteints de maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin et des témoins sains." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S012/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany studies have reported an imbalance of bacterial flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), defined as a dysbiosis, and resulting in an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria versus a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of pathogenic strains of E. coli in patients with CD. These strains belong to the pathovar Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) and are characterized by their ability to adhere and invade intestinal epithelial cells, to survive and to multiply in macrophages by inducing an intense synthesis of TNF. In recent years, many studies established a link between AIEC pathovar and CD. Many of these studies have been performed on biopsies of patients with CD. And although the mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence of the AIEC strain are clearly determined, there are no in-depth studies on the prevalence of AIEC in feces in IBD patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Thus, the goal of this thesis project is to better understand the involvement of AIEC pathovars in IBD at the luminal level. This thesis is based more precisely on the study of the prevalence of AIEC in feces of patients with IBD in comparison to healthy subjects, targeting different points: prevalence and detection of AIEC, their relative proportion compared to total E. coli flora, their invasion capacity, their phylogroup as well as their transmissibility. AIEC are found at luminal level in patients with CD but also in patients with UC, with detection of AIEC in 33% and 2% respectively. In addition, a higher prevalence of these pathovar is present in the feces of healthy individuals (51%) compared to patients with IBD. And when AIEC are present, both in IBD patients and in controls, they represent on average 20 to 30% of the E. coli flora. We have also been able to show that there are no significant differences in AIEC invasion scores in patients with IBD and in healthy subjects. Some AIEC strains, isolated in patients with CD and in healthy subjects, have been genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Different genetic profiles have been obtained attesting the high intra- and interindividual variability of AIEC strains. In conclusion, because of their high prevalence in healthy individuals, AIEC should be reconsidered as pathobionts, which defines a symbiont acquiring virulent properties in a genetically predisposed host due to environmental and / or dietary factors and thus promoting intestinal inflammation
Jacquemin, Godefroy. "Implication des monocytes-macrophages dans le développement de l'inflammation colique et de la carcinose péritonéale d'origine colorectale : rôle des récepteurs lectine de type-c et des récepteurs nucléaires PPARy et LRH-1." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30277.
Повний текст джерелаInvolvement of monocytes/macrophages in the development of colonic inflammation and peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: Role of C-type lectin receptors and nuclear receptors PPARγ and LRH-1.Monocytes and macrophages, key cells of innate immunity, express a large panel of membrane and nuclear receptors allowing them to modulate their phenotypes and functions in response to environmental stimuli. Due to this cellular adaptability, monocytes/macrophages control the innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, these cells play a central role in the development of many pathologies, and consequently, represent relevant therapeutic targets. In this work, we first focused on the role of macrophage C-type lectin receptors in the control of colonic inflammation. We show, using two mouse models specifically invalidated for Dectin-1 and mannose receptor (MR) in the myeloid lineage, that Dectin-1 participates in the development of intestinal inflammation, whereas MR prevents it. Indeed, in a DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulfate)-induced colitis model, the Dectin-1 receptor on macrophages induces an increase in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes in the colon in a CCL2-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that Dectin-1 is involved in the polarization of colonic macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Indeed, Dectin-1 promotes the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) which, in turn, induces the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These results highlight the involvement of the Dectin-1/CCL2/LTB4/IL-1β axis in the development of colonic inflammation and conversely assign a protective role to MR in this context. These data were correlated with an increase in Dectin-1 expression and a decrease in MR expression in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This work is published in Cell Reports 2020: Divergent Roles for Macrophage C-type Lectin Receptors, Dectin-1 and Mannose Receptors, in the Intestinal Inflammatory Response. Cell Rep. 30, 4386-4398.e5In a second step, we investigated the roles of the nuclear receptors PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) and LRH-1 (Liver receptor homolog-1) of macrophages in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin (PCR). We have demonstrated for the first time, using two mouse models deleted for LRH-1 or PPARγ specifically in the myeloid lineage, that these nuclear receptors play a major role in the differentiation of myeloid precursors into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during PCR. Indeed, the absence of LRH-1 and PPARγ in myeloid cells inhibits MDSC differentiation and promotes the reactivation of the anti-tumor immune system. Associated with this immune reactivation, the mice show a strong decrease in tumor burden, identifying LRH-1 and PPARγ as novel therapeutic targets capable of removing immunosuppression. Using an in vitro model of MDSC differentiation, we demonstrated the interdependence of LRH-1 and PPARγ in MDSC differentiation via the activation of the LRH-1/15-HETE/PPARγ axis. In parallel, we demonstrated the ability of an LRH-1 inverse agonist (ML-180) to inhibit PCR development, MDSC differentiation and colon tumor cell proliferation. This work identifies the nuclear receptor LRH-1 as a key element in PCR progression and opens new therapeutic perspectives allowing both to remove immunosuppression by blocking MDSC differentiation and to directly inhibit colon tumor cell proliferation. This work is in progress
Zoumpoulaki, Martha. "MnSOD Mimics : analytical mass spectrometry-based techniques to quantify their amount and biological effect in inflamed intestinal epithelial cells." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS518.
Повний текст джерелаThe intracellular imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants is involved in the development of many pathologies (like chronic inflammatory bowel diseases-IBD). The fact that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the first line of antioxidant defense led us to study the role of MnSOD mimics as anti-inflammatory agents in the context of IBD. Mn1 is easily synthesized, stable, with good intrinsic anti-superoxide activity and anti-inflammatory activity on intestinal epithelial cells (HT29-MD2). The presence of intact Mn1 (ligand+Mn2+) inside HT29-MD2, created to study intestinal inflammation, was demonstrated using mass spectrometry (IMSMS). After 6h of incubation with 100 µM Mn1 and with LPS 0.1 µg/mL, Mn1 was detected intact with an estimated intracellular concentration of 10 µM. Using the OcSILAC strategy, making possible to simultaneously quantify protein expression and oxidation at the proteome-wide cysteine level, it has been demonstrated that an oxidation was induced by LPS from 15min (in the organelles fraction, including mitochondria) and was resolved after 6h-LPS, with an overexpression of MnSOD (after 3h). When coincubated with LPS, Mn1 limited the total protein oxidation at 15min (70% in the membranes/organelles) and compensate for MnSOD at 6h. Mn1 also restored to their basal levels most of the proteins that were under and overexpressed upon LPS activation. Our results thus demonstrate the potential of Mn1 as a new therapeutic agent against IBD
El, Nady Mohamed. "Immunomodulatory role of P28GST, a recombinant enzyme from the schistosome helminth parasite in the prevention of experimental colitis." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S046/document.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory bowel diseases are considered part of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Their pathogenesis was linked to an inappropriate exaggerated immune response to commensal bacteria normally present in the bowel, in genetically predisposed individuals. Increase of the level of hygiene and decrease exposure to helminthic infections was suggested as predisposing factors to IBD. Epidemiologic data have given a clue on the relation of prevalence of helminthic infections and the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in developing countries. The Th2 polarized T cell response driven by helminthic infection has been linked to the attenuation of Th1 driven inflammatory responses, preventing some Th1 mediated autoimmune diseases in their host, including Crohn’s disease.Our work focused on the immuno-modulatory effect of a Schistosome protein – P28GST (a Glutathion S-transferase). Its immuno-genetique, pro-Th2, characters have been previously demonstrated in experimental models as well as clinical trials. We showed that immunization with P28GST was able to significantly reduce experimentally induced colitis in two animal models.Immunisation with this recombinant parasitic enzyme reduced clinical and histological scores of the TNBS induced colitis in both Sprague Dawley rats as well as in C57Bl/6 mice. This effect was associated with a decrease in the expression of inflammatory markers (Myeloperoxidase) as well as mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF) in the colon of sacrificed animals. We detected a shift of the immune response characterized with decrease of Th1 immune response assessed by the mRNA expression of IFNγ towards a less pathological Th2 immune response assessed by the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. An increase in the ratio of mRNA expression of Arg1/iNOS2, as well as the immuno-histochemical detection of Arginase positive cells in the colon of the sacrificed animals suggested the presence of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) characterized by their anti-inflammatory effect and their association with the Th2 immune response. Similar results have been obtained in another animal model, the C57Bl/6 mice.We have also compared the effect of a single recombinant Schistosome protein to two models of infection with living schistosome parasites, either with long standing infection (associated with a Th2-type response) or with a recent onset exposure (a Th1-type response). Our results showed that immunisation with a single Schistosome protein, the P28GST; give similar results to established infection in term of reduction of intestinal inflammation, whereas recently infected rats were not protected against colitis.In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that immunization with a recombinant protein from the Schistosome helminth parasite prevents hapten-induced colitis in two models of rodents. Although further studies are needed to illustrate the exact mechanisms of action implicated in the immuno-modulatory effect, P28GST is a promising molecule exerting a potent anti-inflammatory role in the prevention of colitis. The potential effect of this helminthic enzyme is actually taken in consideration in the prevention of Crohn’s disease relapses in humans
Bautzova, Tereza. "Les systèmes microparticulaires pour la libération colonique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830507.
Повний текст джерелаKirchgesner, Julien. "Risque d'accident artériel aigu chez les patients atteints de maladie inflammatoire chronique intestinale et impact des traitements sur le risque : analyse des bases de données médico administratives françaises PMSI et SNIIRAM." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066634/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe risk of acute arterial events in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. The objectives of this thesis are to assemble a nationwide cohort of IBD patients based on the French administrative health databases, in order to assess the risk of acute arterial events in IBD and the impact of immunosuppressive treatment on the risk. Disease course and therapeutic management of IBD were first studied, in order to validate the coding diagnosis of IBD in the databases. Treatment exposure, hospitalisation, and surgery rates are similar to current standard of care and incidence rates are in the range of those reported in other populations. Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of acute arterial events compared with the general population. The highest risk is observed in patients under the age of 55 years. Disease activity is an independent risk factor of acute arterial events, with a similar magnitude of risk in CD and UC. Exposure to thiopurine and anti-TNF monotherapies, and combination therapy are all numerically associated with a decreased risk of acute arterial events compared to unexposed patients, although the difference is only statistically significant for patients exposed to combination therapy. The magnitude in risk reduction is highest in men with CD exposed to combination therapy. These studies support the concept that a tight control of inflammation is crucial in patients with IBD to avoid IBD-related systemic complications. Prevention of acute arterial events should be considered in the benefit-risk balance assessment of thiopurines and anti-TNFs treatment in IBD patients, according to age, sex and IBD subtype
Rolland-Fourcade, Claire. "Les protéases et leurs inhibiteurs sécrétés par la cellule épithéliale : acteurs de l'inflammation et de la douleur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30353/document.
Повний текст джерелаProteases are involved in some biologic processes and their origins are variable (immune cells, epithelial cells...). Their activity is regulated by antiproteases. This study investigates the balance between proteases and their inhibitors in pathologies which modify epithelium integrity. Consequences of an unbalance in proteolytic activity was studied in two chronic pathologies with different components: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (cycles of inflammatory boost) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (cycles of pain symptoms). Colonic mucosa from IBS patients releases trypsin activity. The origin and the functions of this activity are not well defined. This study investigated the source of this trypsin activity in the côlon of IBS patients, its nature and its role in neuronal activation. Trypsin activity from IBS patients is increased mostly in epithelial cells. Stimulation of epithelial cell monolayers with LPS or epinephrine induces an increase of trypsin-3 quantity and its secretion specifically in the basal side of epithelial cells. This is in correlation with the increase of trypsin activity. Trypsin-3 hyperactivity at the basal side provokes a loss of epithelium barrier function, which is also found in colons of IBS patients. Then, we have highlighted that trypsin-3 is able to activate human myenteric neurons and murine sensitive neurons. In vivo, its intra-rectal administration to mice induces a visceral hypersensitivity dependent of PAR2 (Protease Activated Receptors 2). Thus, intestinal epithelial cells from IBS patients produce and release trypsin-3 specifically on their basal side. This trypsin activity activates sensitive neurons which participate to visceral hypersensitivity, a major symptom of IBS patients. Inflammatory pathologies could be a source of proteolytic malfunction. IBD patients have a dysregulation of elastolytic balance in the colon. Our team has shown that ELAFIN (an elastase inhibitor) delivered by the bacteria genetically modified L.lactis near the inflamed mucosa, protects mice from intestinal inflammation. However, the protective mechanisms induced by ELAFIN need to be investigate. ELAFIN is an elastase inhibitor but have also antimicrobial properties. With the aim to highlight what function of ELAFIN owns anti-inflammatory properties, mutants of ELAFIN have been generated and were insered into L.lactis: a first mutant lacked its antiprotease function, a second lacked antimicrobial properties and a last mutant lacked both properties. In intestinal epithelial monolayers, ELAFIN delivered by L.lactis protects against inflammation: a restauration of epithelial barrier function and a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8 and IP10) are observed. Mutation of antimicrobial domain doesn't affected these properties. Nevertheless, the absence of inhibitory loop annihilates anti-inflammatory functions of ELAFIN. This work highlights the importance of proteolytic balance inside the epithelial cell in intestinal pathologies. The balance between proteases and antiproteases plays an important role in epithelial homeostasis
Gensollen, Thomas. "Rôle de la pantéthéinase épithéliale Vanin-1 dans l'inflammation intestinale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4032.
Повний текст джерелаIntestinal epithelial cells have recently been identified as producing factors influencing grandly the curse of intestinal inflammation. It became of a great importance, therefore, to identify the contribution of epithelial molecules to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Vanin-1 is an epithelial enzymes which release soluble factors in tissues such as gut. This study identifies Vanin-1 as a marker and a susceptibility factor of IBD. By producing a mutant mice, we identified potential mechanisms by which Vanin-1 could act in tissues. It is hoped that Vnn1 can be exploited to develop future therapeutic strategies against IBD
Vilas, Boas Priscilla. "Pancreatitis-associated protein (pap) produced by different lactic acid bacteria can protect mice in an acute colitis model after oral delivery." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS307.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, complex and relapsing inflammatory conditions of GIT that has been a global health problem, with an increasing incidence. It includes two main forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission. One of the molecules that has been studied by our research group in the treatment of IBD is the Pancreatitis Associated Protein I (PAP). PAP has a variety of activities, which includes anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects and proliferative, maintaining host-bacterial homeostasis in the mammalian gut. Several new strategies using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the expression or ability to metabolize molecules capable of reducing inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases have been studied in recent years. Here, we first sought to determine whether PAP delivered at intestinal membrane by recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain, LL-PAP, is able to modulate the microbiota community and reduce the chemically induced intestinal inflammation. After a DiNitro-BenzeneSulfonic-acid (DNBS) challenge, mice treated with LL-PAP showed a decrease in the colitis severity compared to those treated with the control L. lactis strain. This effect was characterized by: protection against weight loss; lower macroscopical and histological scores; and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by lymphocytes in Mesenteric Lymph Node (MLN). Moreover after 5 days of treatment LL-PAP was able to increase the diversity of the microbiota and relative abundance of Eubacterium plexicaudatum, a bacterium producing an anti-inflammatory molecule, the butyrate. This modification of the microbiota could participate to the anti-inflammatory properties of LL-PAP. Then, we compared LL-PAP and a recombinant strain of Lactobacillus casei, LC-PAP, producing PAP in the treatment of acute colitis induced by DNBS. Beyond the comparison between both strains we also compared two different protocols of administration: i) a daily administration; or ii) an administration every 3 days. The analysis of weight loss, macroscopic score and cytokines showed us that Lactococcus lactis should be administered every day to confer protection, while Lactobacillus casei should be administered every 3 days to show a tendency to protect mice. Our data showed the importance of the vector and the timing of the treatment. We also performed the evaluation of the protection induced by a L. lactis strain delivering a plasmid for PAP expression by epithelial cells, LL-PAP cDNA, compared with LL-PAP in a murine model of DNBS acute colitis. We hypothesized that the use of the two different strains could modifiy the PAP concentration at different places. Administration of LL-PAP increases PAP into the lumen whereas the use of LL-PAP cDNA enhances the level of PAP produced by epithelial cells. Our results showed that both groups of recombinant L. lactis showed the same protective effect compared with LL empty group. Nevertheless, PAP-cDNA was able to induce the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and this result may suggest an activation of Treg cells differentiation. Taken altogether, we can infer that the location of PAP delivery may influence its anti-inflammatory properties but not regarding weight loss and macroscopic scores. These results confirmed the choice of the strategy used to deliver the molecule is as important as the choice of the molecule per se
Nieto, Bobadilla Maria Susana. "A new antibacterial agent : in vitro bacteriological characterization and in vitro/in vivo performance of sustained release formulations." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S018/document.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health and new antimicrobials are urgently needed. CIN-102, a new antibacterial agent which resembles cinnamon essential oils composition, was developed by a pharmaceutical company. CIN-102 had a broad-spectrum of action and resistance was not developed until now. Between all the possible therapeutic applications for CIN-102, a future utilization against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is aimed. IBD are chronic pathologies with a multifactorial etiology. In this context, enteric bacteria are well-known to have an important role, and higher bacterial concentrations are found in the intestine under inflammatory conditions. The objectives of this work were: to characterize the bacteriological activity of CIN-102, to analyze the bacteriological activity of anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics used in IBD and to fabricate multiparticulate CIN-102 pharmaceutical forms for colonic targeted drug release. The idea is to use CIN-102 to reduce colonic bacterial loads and improve the state of intestinal inflammation. Methodology: The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE) and the logarithmic reduction time of CIN-102 were determined against several aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates. The interactions between CIN-102 and commercialized antibiotics were evaluated. The MIC of 5-aminosalicilyc acid, GED-0507-34 and antibiotics were determined for anaerobic bacterial isolates. Concerning sustained released formulations: CIN-102 pellet cores were fabricated by extrusion-spheronization and subsequently coated with blends of insoluble polymers and natural biodegradable polysaccharides. CIN-102 mini-tablets were fabricated by direct compression. In vitro drug released was measured in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The efficacy of best sustained release formulations was assessed in a murine model of colitis. Samples of luminal contents and sections of the colon were taken to perform a bacteriological analysis. Expression of cytokines was analyzed from colonic tissues.Results and discussion: The broad-spectrum activity of CIN-102 was confirmed. All aerobic and anaerobic strains were susceptible to CIN-102. Furthermore, CIN-102 had an important PAE and exerted a fast logarithmic reduction of bacterial inoculum. It interacts synergistically with several antibiotics, mostly with colistin and aminoglycosides, restoring the antibiotic activity against multi-resistant bacteria. The promising in vitro activity of CIN-102 has to be further confirmed by animal studies. Anti-inflammatory agents used against IBD were not provided of antibacterial activity and neither of the antibiotics tested possessed a broad-spectrum of action against anaerobic isolates commonly found in the intestine. These results confirm the need of a broad-spectrum antibiotic capable of reduced increased bacterial loads during inflammation. Following this aim, oral dosage forms able to deliver CIN-102 into the colon were studied. Concerning the sustained release forms, in vitro CIN-102 release from coated-pellets and mini-tablets was reduced in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Colitic mice treated with CIN-102 controlled release formulations had less diarrhea and bloody stools. Furthermore, the concentrations of enterobacteria in colonic tissue and stool were significantly reduced in CIN-102 treated mice. These results show that sustained release formulations can effectively deliver CIN-102 in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, where the reduction of enterobacteria seems to ameliorate the course of colitis.Conclusion: CIN-102 is novel broad-spectrum antibacterial and sustained release formulations can effectively deliver this agent into the colon, reducing bacterial loads which might influence the state of intestinal inflammation
Wang, Yazhou. "Influence of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 receptors on the susceptibility to gut inflammation." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS523.
Повний текст джерелаGut microbiota dysbiosis has been identified as being involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Host-bacterial interactions have been shown to affect the development of IBD, while the role of host-fungal interactions in IBD is poorly described. C-type lectins are receptors involved in the recognition of patterns of the mycobiota and shape the immune responses to fungal pathogens. We evaluated the impact of the deficiency of the receptors Dectin-1 (D-1KO), Dectin-2 (D-2KO) and dual deficiency (D-1/2KO) in intestinal inflammation. The absence of D-1 or D-2 did not alter the severity of intestinal inflammation, whereas D-1/2KO mice were resistant to colitis. The protective role of D-1/2KO was confirmed in WT mice receiving the gut microbiota of D-1/2KO by fecal transfer, suggesting that protection was largely due to the gut microbiota. Analysis of the microbiota of D-1/2KO mice shows that the bacterial microbiota, and in particular the Lachnospiraceae family, but not the mycobiota, showed a strong change compared to the microbiota of the WT mice. Blautia hansenii supplementation was also able to provide protection, supporting that this protection was largely mediated by the bacterial microbiota and not the fungal microbiota. These results show that D-1/2KO deficiency protect mice from DSS-induced colitis via modulation of the bacterial gut microbiota
DUGNY, CHRISTOPHE Régent Denis. "LES MALADIES INFLAMMATOIRES CRYPTOGENETIQUES DE L'INTESTIN (MICI) ACTUALITES DIAGNOSTIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_DUGNY_CHRISTOPHE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSokol, Harry. "Impact du microbiote intestinal dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114816.
Повний текст джерелаThe intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this work, we described the particularities of the intestinal microbiota in IBD patients. We notably showed that the Clostridium leptum group, which is one of the principal bacterial groups of the normal gut microbiota, was decreased in Crohn’s disease patients. We pointed out a bacterium particularly involved in gut homeostasis, and belonging to the Clostridium leptum group : Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. We showed that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii had anti-inflammatory properties on in vitro (cellular models) and in vivo experiments (colitis model in mice). This anti-inflammatory effect was at least partly related to secreted metabolites
Tremblay, Anne-Caroline. "Étude généalogique d'individus atteints de maladies inflammatoires chroniques non-spécifiques de l'intestin /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Ste-Foy : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Ste-Foy, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаLEPRINCE, ERIC. "La place de l'allergie dans l'etiopathogenie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M304.
Повний текст джерелаRacine, Antoine. "Maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin, facteurs d'environnement et expositions médicamenteuses : étude épidémiologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS006/document.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory bowel diseases refer to two conditions: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These diseases display an important geographic heterogeneity worldwide and an increase in incidence during the last fifty years. Their physiopathology is complex, involving anormal composition of gut microbiota (dysbiosis), dysfonction of epithelial barrier and dysregulation of innate and adaptative immune response. More than 163 predisposing genes have been identified, but most of them carry modest association with IBD (Odds ratios varrying from 1.02 to 1.3) (1–3). Environmental factors seem to play an important role in IBD onset. Smoking has a positive effect on UC and harmfull effect on CD. Sun exposure, vitamin D, diet, infections have been inconsistently associated with IBD. This epidemiology thesis is devoted to IBD and specifically, to environemental risk factors, and also to the risk of cancer associated to IBD drugs. It is based on French and European databases. Our first work, explored the association between isotretinoin and UC reported in a US study. Our study was performed in a case-control study in the whole French territory thanks to a medico-administrative database (SNIIRAM). In this work, only a few patients with IBD were exposed to isotetinoin in the year before disease onset. Exposure to isotretinoin was not associated with UC but negatively associated with CD.In a second study, we explored the global impact of diet on UC and CD in a European prospective study (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer (EPIC)). A dietary pattern with “high sugars and soft drinks” was associated with UC risk when restricted to cases diagnosed at least two years after dietary assessment. No dietary pattern was associated with CD. Mediterranean diet had no effect on UC nor CD risks.In the third part of this work, we investigated the risk of cancer associated with IBD drugs: immunosuppresive agents and anti-TNF. These medications are more and more prescribed nowadays. Howevere, they are associated with an increased risk of cancer in observationnal studies: lymphoma and non melanoma skin cancer with thiopurines and anti-TNF agents respectively. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cancer risks associated with thiopurine and/or anti-TNF exposure in the whole French territory in the real life , using a medico-adminstrative database (SNIRAM). Currently, we are still analyzing the results.Our work shows that studying large databases can answer an important issue in clinical practice related to a potential link between isotretinoin and IBD. Also, it has generated hypotheses about the link between dietary pattern and IBD. Limitations of our work (detailed in the manuscript) should be considered.. Otr studies using larger databases and other statistical methods should address these limitations
Jantchou, Mbakop Prévost. "Facteurs de risques environnementaux et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0010.
Повний текст джерелаYoum, Ibrahima. "Développement des minigranules à action ciblée : application aux maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUENR03.
Повний текст джерелаBelarif, Lyssia. "Caractérisation du rôle de la voie de l’IL-7/IL-7Rα dans les maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin et dans l’hypersensibilité de type IV". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1047.
Повний текст джерелаChronic inflammatory bowel disease is considered as amultifactorial disease. In mice, the involvement of the IL-7 signaling pathway is established but interpretations often remain complicated due to the presence of lymphopenia. In humans, research is limited and the impact of a blockade on the IL-7 pathway is unknown. First of all, we determined with meta-analyzes that the accumulation of the IL-7 signaling pathway in patients not responding to current treatments (anti-TNF). In addition, we showed that this signaling pathway was accumulated before treatment with anti-TNF in non-responding patients. In addition, RT-qPCR validated the accumulation of this pathway as well as the correlation with inflammation, α4β7 integrins and the TNF pathway. In vitro, we demonstrated that human IL-7 specifically up-regulates α4β7 integrins in effector T-cells through the transcription factor CREB in humans and not in mice. In vivo, in a humanized NSG colitis model, we determined that the use of an anti-IL-7Rα was as effective as the use of an anti-α4β7 to prevent development of colitis. While, in a generalized GVHD inflammation model in humanized NGS mice, only anti-IL-7Rα prevents T-cell infiltration into the colon. Ex-vivo, after 24h of biopsy culture from MICI patients with an anti-IL-7Rα, we were able to demonstrate in a specific way, the local and rapid action of the INF-γ secretion decrease. Secondly, we highlighted the involvement of the IL- 7 pathway in the maintenance of memory cells in a DTH model in PNH. Anti-IL-7Rα antibody utilization has an efficacy in vivo on blocking memory cells by pSTAT5 blockade. This blocking induces an antigen-specific clonal deletion of the T-clones which responded under treatment, explaining the very long-term protective effect (> 1 year) in spite of monthly chronic antigenic re-stimulations. Overall, our findings warrant anti-IL-7Rα therapy that could provide a new therapeutic opportunity to prevent relapse and provide a therapeutic approach for restoring tolerance in IBD
Gower-Rousseau, Corinne. "Epidémiologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'Intestin en France : apport du registre EPIMAD." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820631.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Moutassir Zineb. "Risques et complications thromboemboliques au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin chez l'enfant." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P181.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Loupp Anne-Gaëlle. "Système nerveux entérique : source de prostaglandines D2 et E2, implication dans les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1039/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) constitute a network distributed all along the digestive tract, the enteric nervous system (ENS). ENS regulate the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) functions in a pacarine manner via the secretion of solubles mediators. ENS involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not excluded. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of ECGs to produce prostaglandins. Thus, we studied the paracrine relationship involving PGD2 and PGE2 within the digestive neuronal-glial-epithelial unit. Indeed, these lipid mediators are involved in the control of IEB homeostasis and in its dysruption in proinflammatory condition. Our work confirms enteric neurons and CGE contribution in the production of PGD2 and PGE2 in response to proinflamamtory stress. Indeed, ENS express LPGDS and mPGES-1. Moreover, we showed upregulation of LPGDS and mPGES1 expression in the inflamed zone of the colon in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) associated with downregulation of PPARy expression and upregualation of EP4 expression. PGD2 and PGE2 may have a neuro-glial origin in CD. Our study supports the hypothesis of PGD2 ans PGE2 metabolic pathways involvement in CD pathophysiology
Salem, Fatouma. "Identification de biomarqueurs prédictifs de la survenue d'une arthrite chez le patients atteints de maladie inflammatoire chronique de l'intestin (MICI)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0341.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral pieces of evidence are in favor of a link between joint and gut inflammation including the high percentage of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients developing axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA) and the clinical success of cytokines-blocking therapies in both diseases. However, whether such co-occurrence is causative rather than correlative remains an open question. From a pathophysiological point of view, the lamina propria (lp) in the intestine is enriched in cells of type 3 immunity including TH17 cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). These cells play a homeostatic role in intestinal defense by acting as a firewall against extracellular pathogens but can lead to gut inflammation and possibly auto-immunity in case of excessive activation. Their IL-23-driven differentiation depends on the transcription factor RORγt which is repressed by the nuclear receptor PPARγ. As a consequence, PPARγ has emerged as a master regulator of the IL-17/TH17-ILC3 pathway and as it is also able to modulate the release of antimicrobial peptides, it is a possible key interactor between fecal microbiota and gut mucosa by regulating the local immune response and microbiota composition. To investigate the regulatory role of PPARγ in gut inflammation, independently from its overall metabolic impact on adipogenesis, we generated mice that are deficient for PPARγ in immune cells, namely PPARγ invalidation in RORγt expressing cells (RORγtcre+ PPARγfl/fl ). Using the DSS (dextran- sodium sulphate) colitis model, we failed to demonstrate any worsening of the disease nor increase in immune type 3 cell populations in the lp of PPARγ deficient mice. Such lack of effect was not modified by preliminary cell depletion with anti-CD3 antibody and was also observed in the expectedly more ILC3-dependent colitis model induced by anti-CD40 antibody injection. These data do not support a major role of PPARγ in type 3 immune cells during gut inflammation or alternatively that the underlying pathomechanisms poorly depend on type 3 immunity in these animal models. To search for biomarkers characteristic of axial SpA occurrence in IBD patients, we build the Floracrohn cohort to compare patients with Crohn's disease (CD) without joint inflammation, patients with axial SpA (SpA) without gut inflammation, patients with CD having developed axial SpA (CD+SpA) and non-diseased patients. Patients groups were mainly treated with anti-TNFα and were comparable in terms of smoking consumption. We confirmed that CD+SpA patients had more severe diseases and showed that bacterial microbiota was strongly influenced by CD over SpA with some emerging bacterial groups. In contrast, gut fungome was strongly influenced by SpA over CD with a decrease of certain fungi strain as a possible emerging signature of SpA in IBD patients. No distinct polymorphisms frequencies were found amongst the 23 studied in the IL-17/IL-23 pathways. The search for a specific fungome signature may be helpful to identify CD patients at risk of developing axial SpA and this could be completed by cytokines profiling currently under investigation
Vincent, Audrey Morali Alain. "Contribution à l'étude de la calprotectine fécale dans le suivi des maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales (MICI) à début pédiatrique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2009_VINCENT_AUDREY.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPochard, Camille. "Identification et étude fonctionnelle de médiateurs gliaux impliqués dans la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1021/document.
Повний текст джерелаChronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic diseases involving environmental, immunological and genetic factors. Recently, the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD, and approaches to improve the resistance and repair of this IEB represent promising new therapeutic pathways. Our laboratory has made a significant contribution in recent years to identifying enteric glial cells (EGC) as a key new component of the IEB microenvironment, enhancing IEB protection and healing. Conversely, in IBD patients, EGC are altered both phenotypically and functionally. In this context, in addition to a better understanding of physiopathological mechanisms, the aim of this project was to identify EGC as a new therapeutic target in IBD. Using a lipidomic analysis, we have demonstrated the underproduction of various lipid mediators by the EGC from IBD patients. Among them, 15-HETE and PGI2 were able to regulate the permeability of the IEB, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, they appeared to be able to restore functions lost in IBD patients. Thus, our work suggests that underproduction of these lipid mediators by EGC from IBD patients could contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms and represent a new major therapeutic target
Alamir, Ahmad Isam. "Consequences of heated food consumption on protein digestibility and intestinal mucosa integrity due to an experimental colitis : follow up of relevant Maillard reaction products markers in food, of the intestinal inflammatory response and of microbiota in mice." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2120.
Повний текст джерелаIt is acknowledged that alimentary factors participate in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). On the other hand, food heat treatment generates neoformed compounds such as Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) with controversial effects on human health but also results in contamination coming from packaging. All of these compounds are incriminated in inflammatory reactions but there are few data related to their consequences on gut. This work was aimed at determining the effect of food heat treatment on the modulation of an experimental colitis in mice. At first, we assessed some markers of MRPs in two moderately and highly heated diets. We then evaluated the consequences of these diets on the inflammatory response of animals submitted to two models of experimental colitis (DSS, TNBS). At last, we observed the consequences of cumulative effects of oral repeated exposure to MRPs and to a packaging contaminant the phthalate DEHP in DSS colitic mice. We revealed that the thermic level treatment was proportional to level of advanced and terminal MRPs and that the highest heat treatment resulted in the prevention of both the colitis models. By contrast, we observed no change in the inflammatory response following the coupled exposure to DEHP and the highly treated diet. While being descriptive, those results are promising and, after understanding the mechanisms involved, could be of interest in the conception of nutritional recommendations for IBD patients
Reimund, Jean-Marie. "Contribution a l'etude des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et a leur modulation pharmacologique in vitro au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15068.
Повний текст джерелаEVRARD, JEAN-PAUL. "Profil clinique des formes familiales de maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin dans la region nord-pas-de-calais." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M230.
Повний текст джерелаArnaud-Pigneur, Benedicte. "Effet anti-inflammatoire du microbiote intestinal : le modèle de la dysbiose au cours de la maladie de Crohn." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066305.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory Bowel diseases are characterised by a dysbiosis. We have shown in this work that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, exerts powerful anti-inflammatory properties both in in vitro models of epithelial cells in culture and in a mouse model of colitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of F. Prausnitzii was related to molecules from the culture supernatant, by blocking NF-kB activity. Comparative analysis of the supernatant of F. Prausnitzii and its culture medium by mass spectrometry revealed occurrence of peptides in the supernatant. Thoses were all derived from a single protein of approximately 15kD synthesized by F. Prausnitzii and whose function and structure are unknown. We hypothesize that the immunomodulatory effect of supernatant of F. Prausnitzii observed could be due to those peptides and/or the protein. Its gene was investigated by PCR on genomic library of F. Prausnitzii without success. Hundred clones inhibiting the activation of NF-kB from the screening of the library have been pointed out. To obtain the protein, its gene was cloned in different strains of Lactococcus lactis and Escherichia coli. We were able to obtain cytoplasmic production of the protein. Finally, we have shown that nutritional therapy using ‘Modulen IBD’ induces clinical remission and mucosal healing in CD patients by modifying the composition of the gut microbiota through expansion of mucolytic bacteria. These works provide a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory effect of F. Prausnitzii and allow considering using this bacteria, this protein or nutritional tools as a therapeutic agent in IBD
Bourgine, Joanna. "Susceptibilité de la muqueuse intestinale aux xénobiotiques : implication dans la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) : exemple du gène Rac1." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S020.
Повний текст джерелаCrohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of the gastrointestinal tract. These are multifactorial polygenic diseases with probable genetic heterogeneity. An emerging concept suggesting that dysfunction(s) of the processing of xenobiotics in the intestinal mucosa may be an important event in the initiation and progression of IBD has been discussed. Firstly, in this study, a precise and reliable characterization of the global expression profile of genes which code enzymes, transporters and nuclear factors involved in the processing of xenobiotics has been performed in intestinal epithelium of controls or patients with IBD, and in 5 intestinal cell lines. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis using TaqMan Low Density Arrays (TLDA) was performed to simultaneously measure the expression of 377 genes.This work has identified genes encoding proteins that are involved in the metabolism and the disposition of xenobiotics in the healthy intestinal mucosa. Different genes expression profile between healthy and inflammatory intestinal tissues and between healthy intestinal tissues and intestinal cell lines were found. These tissues will consequently display distinctive susceptibility toward environmental chemicals and their toxic effects.Secondly, the small G protein, Rac1, which regulates cutaneous and mucosal intestinal wound healing and is identified as a target of active metabolites of thiopurine drugs, used in the treatment of IBD, has been studied. We searched for sequence variations by analysing the nucleotide sequence of the promoter and the coding sequence of Rac1 in genomic DNA from healthy volunteers and patients with IBD, using a PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) strategy and sequencing. The functional consequences of variations, that have been identified, were then analysed in silico and in vitro, in human intestinal cell lines (HT29 and Caco-2) and leukemia T-lymphocyte cell line (Jurkat). Via various deletion constructs, a putative regulatory region was identified and characterized further by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This work provides the first evidence that a functional genetic polymorphism of Rac1 activity exists. Furthermore, this study characterizes the proximal promoter of Rac1 gene and demonstrates the presence of consensus binding sites for numerous transcription factors, which could influence gene expression
Heresbach, Denis. "Contribution des etudes d'association cas-temoins a l'identification d'une susceptibilite genetique au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN1B026.
Повний текст джерелаPavan, Sonia. "Évaluation des capacités probiotiques de Lactobacillus plantarum et Lactococcus lactis pour le traitement des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-121.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrimoud, Julien. "Probiotiques, prébiotiques, synbiotiques et prévention des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin : proposition d'un crible de sélection rationnel in vitro." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0043/document.
Повний текст джерелаSome pathologies are induced by intestinal microbiota disorders. Thus, some strategies aim torestore this ecosystem through probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Promising results need tobe rationally validated, so we aimed to establish the screening first step of lactic acid bacteriaand glucooligosaccharides (GOS) against anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity invitro. Probiotics inhibited pathogens and were resistant to digestive tract conditions whileGOS promoted specifically their growth. Moreover, probiotics reduced inflammatoryresponse of intestinal cells and proliferation of cancer cells when combined with GOS. Thus,we selected compounds potentially efficient against inflammatory bowel diseases andcolorectal cancer, through a screen that need to be validated in vivo
Homerin, Germain. "P2X7R, une innovation dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires et du cancer." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S059.
Повний текст джерелаDuring this PhD thesis, we studied the design, the synthesis and the evaluation of the potential activities against inflammation and cancer, of new ligands of the purinergic receptors P2X7 (P2X7R). This work results from previous studies in the pharmacochemistry laboratory of HEI and from the reviewing of the scientific literature and has resulted in the creation of more than 100 originals compounds. These were tested on the P2X7R with the hope of providing new treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and some forms of cancers.IBDs are crippling diseases and an estimated 200000 people sufferer from them in France. As of yet, no effective treatment exists, and current therapies only focus on suppressing symptoms to give patients better quality of life, without curing them. However, the development of potential new treatments is on-going, in particular with the development of new P2X7R ligands.P2X7R are part of the purinergic signalling system. They belong to the super-family of ion-channels. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies are showing the implication of P2X7R in many biological pathways, including inflammation and cancer mechanisms. P2X7R are responsible for the liberation of interleukins and so, they take part in the inflammatory process of IBD’s patients. Lastly, even though their role in cancer is not well understood many arguments exist in favour of using P2X7R antagonists and/or agonists and exploiting them for their implication in cell death
Alameddine, Joudy. "Lymphocytes T régulateurs induits par Faecalibacterium prausnitzii : modalités de leur induction et signification fonctionnelle." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1048/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding mechanisms underlying mucosalhomeostasis represent a critical step towards prevention andtreatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). My hostlaboratory has shown the presence, in colonic mucosa, of IL-10-producing regulatory T cells (Treg) CD4CD8α (DP8α) induced bythe commensal bacteria F prau. Moreover, these Treg are lessfrequent in the colonic mucosa as well as in the blood of IBDpatients. These data, together with the fact that F prau is reducedin these diseases, suggest a link between the decrease of F prauand of specific Treg as well as a role for these cells in containinginflammation. My thesis project consisted in understanding how Fprau induces Treg and in further characterizing and quantifying Fprau specific PBL to define their function. Here we show that Fprau exposure during dendritic cell (DC) differentiation induces IL-10 and IDO-1 production, and a poor maturation including a lack ofTNFα and IL-12 secretion in response to LPS. We also show thatF prau-conditioned DC prime CD4 T cells towards an IL-10-producing phenotype. These F prau-mediated effects are not allshared by other close bacteria, suggesting that the critical role forF prau in inducing DP8α Treg depends on its unique ability totolerize DC. This tolerization could happen via induction ofimmunoregulatory molecules identified by qPCR and affymetrixgene array. Also, we show that several chemokine receptors aswell as α4β7 identify F prau-specific PBL-derived DP8α cells.Indeed, these lymphocytes represent a variable fraction of DP8αcells, the inter-individual frequency of which considerably fluctuateand increases with age. Nonetheless, frequency of total DP8αcells seems diminished in spondyloarthritis, IBD and colorectalcancers. Accurate quantification of DP8α Treg originating from thecolon in patients’ blood, using identified markers, should allow tostudy their prognosis value as well as their correlation with F praulevels within fecal microbiota
Boisseau, Bossard Céline. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires des perturbations du renouvellement de l'épithelium intestinal et de l'oncogenèse au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=81508fb4-776a-49f1-bc83-73baa7ac56c7.
Повний текст джерелаThe intestinal mucosa homeostasis can be disturbed during two related physiopathological process: 1) an uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial cells during inflammatory repair leading to oncogenesis, and 2) an accelerated cellular loss during intestinal inflammatory response. This work is divided into 2 parts. The first approach is based a cohort of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with lesions evolving towards cancer through the inflammation / regeneration / dysplasia / cancer sequence. This approach led us to validate several phenotypic and genotypic markers likely to be associated with the stepwise process of oncogenesis. The other approach is based on the exploitation of a new explant culture model of human normal colonic mucosa that led us to recreate ex vivo the initiation of a Th1 inflammatory response. New findings resulting from these 2 approaches are as follows: - Epithelial remodelling during IBD is associated with the serrated pathway of oncogenesis, first described in sporadic colon cancer. This pathway is defined by a morphological and oncogenetic signature (BRAF mutation and MSI status of the tumor) (article 1). - Epithelial regeneration during IBD is associated with the expression of the neurotensin receptor, NTS1. NTS1 expression is regulated by its ligand, neurotensin or by β catenin (article 2). - Finally, the human intestinal epithelial barrier integrity depends on 2 immunoregulatory cytokines, IL10 and TGFβ, produced by mucosal resident cells. After IL10 depletion, endogenous LPS triggers a Th1 immune response leading to epithelial barrier disruption (article 3). In conclusion, the approaches developed led to new findings which will help define the mechanistic link between intestinal inflammation and oncogenesis
Boisseau, Bossard Céline Mosnier Jean-François. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires des perturbations du renouvellement de l'épithelium intestinal et de l'oncogenèse au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=51021.
Повний текст джерелаLamy, Christophe. "Rôle du Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) périphérique dans les relations stress-inflammation digestive." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19020.
Повний текст джерелаInflammatory Bowel Disease (IDB) are worsened by stress. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF), a key neuropeptide of the stress response, its analog urocortin and their receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, in the gastro-intestinal tract during colitis. Expression of CRF, urocortin, CRF1 and CRF2 were localized to the enteric nervous system by immunohistochemistry and further detected by quantitative RT-PCR. There was no alteration of the messengers' profile of expression during a trinitrobenzenesulfonique acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Immobilization stress improved colitis after 10 days and reactivated it after 6 weeks. There was a tendency to an increase in expression of CRF1 and a decrease in expression of CRF2 by stress. In conclusion, digestive peripheral CRF system may account for the proinflammatory of stress effects during colitis