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Дисертації з теми "Maladies bactériennes – Épidémiologie – Europe"
Rouzé, Anahita. "Impact de l'infection par SARS-CoV-2 sur l'épidémiologie des infections respiratoires bactériennes et des aspergilloses pulmonaires invasives chez les patients de réanimation sous ventilation mécanique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS017.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаObjectives: The CoVAPid project aimed to study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the epidemiology of bacterial and fungal respiratory infections in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Three entities were analyzed: early bacterial pulmonary infections, bacterial ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The main objectives were to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infection between patients admitted for COVID-19 and influenza, to compare the incidence of VA-LRTI among patients admitted for COVID-19, influenza, or other reasons than viral pneumonia, to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infection and the incidence of VA-LRTI between patients from the 1st and 2nd pandemic waves of COVID-19, to determine the impact of VAP on mortality in patients with COVID-19, to assess the effect of corticosteroid therapy on the incidence of VAP in patients with COVID-19, and to compare the incidence of IPA between patients with COVID-19 and influenza. Methods: This was a retrospective observational multicenter European cohort involving 36 centers. Adult patients under MV for more than 48 hours were consecutively included and divided into four groups according to their ICU admission cause: COVID-19 (1st and 2nd wave, influenza, and others. Results: A total of 2172 patients were included. The prevalence of bacterial pulmonary infections within 48 hours following intubation was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients (9.7%) compared to those admitted for influenza (33.6%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.33). The incidence of VA-LRTI was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (50.5%) compared to those admitted for influenza (30.3%, adjusted sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 1.6 (1.26-2.04)) and those without viral infection (25.3%, sHR 1.7 (1.20-2.39)), with a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the COVID-19 group compared to the other two groups. The prevalence of early infection significantly increased between the 1st and 2nd wave (9.7 vs 14.9%, adjusted OR 1.52 (1.04-2.22)), as did the incidence of VAP (36 vs 44.8%; adjusted sHR 1.37 (1.12-1.66)). VAP was associated with a significant increase in 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients (adjusted HR of 1.65 (1.11-2.46)), which was not observed in patients admitted for influenza and without viral infection. However, no significant difference in the heterogeneity of the association between VAP and mortality was observed among the three study groups. The relationship between corticosteroid exposure and the incidence of VAP was not statistically significant (p=0.082 for the overall effect), despite a varying risk of VAP over time since the initiation of treatment. Finally, the incidence of putative IPA (defined by the AspICU algorithm) was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group compared to the influenza group (2.5% vs 6%, cause-specific adjusted HR 3.29 (1.53-7.02)). Conclusion: The CoVAPid project highlighted a lower prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary infections in COVID-19 patients compared to those with influenza, with a significant increase between the 1st and 2nd pandemic wave. The incidence of VAP was higher in COVID-19 patients, compared to patients admitted for influenza or without viral infection at admission, and significantly increased between the 1st and 2nd wave. In COVID-19 patients, corticosteroid therapy had no significant effect on the incidence of VAP, and the occurrence of VAP was associated with a significant increase in 28-day mortality. The incidence of IPA was lower among patients with COVID-19 than those with influenza
Perez, Paul. "Epidémiologie des contaminations bactériennes liées à la transfusion de produits sanguins labiles." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28752.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis illustrates the contribution of the epidemiologic approach to transfusion and haemovigilance, a public health surveillance system. Transfusion-refated bacterial contamination (TRBC) is the first cause of infection related to transfusion. Limitation of knowledge indicated the need for studies. The case-control study on TRBC within the haemovigilance network (Bacthem) was based on the inclusion of TRCB among all suspected cases notified in France during two years. TRBC was letal for 15 % of 41 cases, all related to Gram negative rods. Transfusion of platelet concentrates, and of red cells when the recipient had pancytopenia, were strongly associated with TRBC risk. Suggested determinants were recipient treatment by potent immunosuppressive drugs, LBP shelf-life and numerous previous donations in the donor. The study of diversion of the first 15 mL of whole-blood donation suggests that this collection procedure may reduce donation contamination rates from 2. 2 to 0. 6 %. Contamination determinants were the collecting blood bank, the donor's age above 35 and the lack of repetition of the cleaning stage of antisepsis. Results open avenues for research for preventing TRBC. Excluding the first millilitres and improving the phlebotomy site preparation may reduce donation contamination rates. Indicating low-risk LBP in high risk recipients should be considered. Integrating epidemiology should lead to improvements of the haemovigilance system
Ehounoud, Hervé Cyrille Bile. "Maladies bactériennes, y compris vectorisées, en Afrique de l'Ouest (Côte d'Ivoire et Guinée-Conakry)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5051.
Повний текст джерелаFebrile illnesses including bacterial diseases are poorly known in Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea.In the first part of our work, we researched by molecular biology bacteria transmitted by ticks in Côte d’Ivoire. We analyzed different species of ticks collected from cattle and highlighted pathogenic bacteria responsible for many infectious diseases such as Rickettsia, Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and twenty potential new species. In the second part, our goal was to detect using molecular biology several microorganisms in humans in Guinea (Conakry) and Côte d'Ivoire. As regards the study of wounds and healthy skin in Guinea, most patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, several species of Acinetobacter.Among the febrile patients and healthy controls afebrile recruited in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, Plasmodium falciparum is the most common detected microorganism especially in blood samples from febrile patients although several bacteria were also identified. In Guinea, it was Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., and R. felis. These bacteria were also identified as well as Salmonella enterica Typhi, Salmonella enterica Paratyphi, Tropheryma whipplei and a potential new species of Wolbachia in Côte d’Ivoire.This work allowed establishing the repertory of bacteria transmitted by ticks in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as those involved in bacteremia in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea (Conakry)
Pham, Thi Xuan Tu. "L'infection bactérienne materno-foetale : épidémiologie, aspects cliniques et biologiques au Vietnam et en France." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED002.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of our study was to determine the criteria for maternofetal infection and the relevance of bacteriological sampling, i. E. Gastric fluid, in order to make a quick diagnosis and to avoid unappropriate antibiotic therapy. We have underlined the underestimation of some medical history items in Vietnam such as maternal fever > 38°C before or at the onset of labor, membranes rupture duration > 12 hours or membranes rupture occuring before 35 weeks , maternal urine tract infection, fetal tachycardia, neonatal asphyxia. The negative predictive value of gastric fluid direct examination was also emphasized. A better knowledge of such results should lead to a decrease in neonatal mortality and morbidity in Vietnam
Martin-Dupont, Sophie. "Les spondylarthropathies dans les populations du passé : diagnostic et épidémiologie des populations du Sud de l'Europe." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30072.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to elaborate and to use morphologic criteria allowing to make the diagnosis of Spondylarthropathy on ancient skeletons. At first, we made a point on available diagnosis tools in clinical practice for living people, and in paleopathology. In a second time, the question is approached from an epidemiological point of view, through international publications. From this bibliography review, from our rheumatologist experience, and from the analysis of three skeletons of the Soulièvres Abbey in Somme (France), a set of diagnosis criteria is developed. Then, it is applied to three archaeological series, one Portuguese population from the beginning of the last century, and two medieval populations from the south of France. The discussion analyses the relevance of criteria, and factors likely to explain the variations of prevalence observed. The criteria set developed and tested in this work, allows giving a diagnosis graduated as definite, probable, possible
Abat, Cédric. "Développement de nouveaux outils informatiques de surveillance en temps réel des phénomènes anormaux basés sur les données de microbiologie clinique du laboratoire de la Timone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5029/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough considered under control in the second half of the 20th century with the discovery of antimicrobials, infectious diseases remain a serious threat to humanity. Regardless of the state of knowledge we possess on these diseases, all remained unpredictable. To fight this phenomenon, many monitoring strategies have been developed leading to the implementation of various epidemiological surveillance computer programs to detect and identify, as soon as possible, abnormal events including epidemic phenomena. The initial objective of our work was to implement, within the Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection and based on the Microsoft Excel software, two new automated computer-based programs for the weekly automated epidemiological surveillance of abnormal epidemic events using clinical microbiological data from the Timone teaching hospital of of Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM). Once completed, we then worked to develop a comprehensive monitoring structure incorporating the investigation and the validation of alarms emitted by the established surveillance systems, the transmission of alerts to the Regional Health Agency (ARS) of the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA), the public dissemination of confirmed abnormal events by publishing scientific articles, and the implementation of feedback and weekly epidemiological bulletins to inform local infectious diseases epidemiological surveillance actors
Leangapichart, Thongpan. "Phenotypic and genomic analysis of multi-drug resistant bacteria in travelers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0183.
Повний текст джерелаAntibiotic resistance in bacteria is increasing and become a worldwide problem. Newresistance bacteria or mechanisms are emerging and spreading rapidly. Recently, thetransmission of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria among humans, animals, and the variousenvironments are vastly recognized. With the growth of international travels over the pastdecades, this provides opportunities for AR bacteria to be spread rapidly from one geographiclocation to another. During trips, travelers changed diets, lifestyles, and their environmentsresulting in the alteration of AR patterns of bacteria residing in the gut. Thus, internationaltravelers are one of the most important modes for the acquisition and spread of AR genes.The largest annual mass gathering, the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) is well known as a sourcefor infectious diseases transmission such as influenza, meningococcal outbreaks ortuberculosis. Thus, travelers, especially pilgrims, are one of the most significant sources forspreading AR bacteria. However, studies of the transmission and acquisition of AR genesduring Hajj in pilgrims are scarce. Therefore, this research thesis was carried out with threemain objectives to better understanding the prevalence of AR genes and bacteria during Hajj:(i) epidemiological surveillance of AR genes in pilgrims before and after Hajj, (ii) risk factorsanalysis concerning AR genes acquisition in pilgrims, (iii) molecular epidemiological studiesof AR bacteria in pilgrims, including patients, animals, and environment with the use ofmulti-locus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing
Книги з теми "Maladies bactériennes – Épidémiologie – Europe"
N, Cohen Georges, Mathiot Christian, and Le Minor Léon, eds. La veille microbiologique. Paris: Elsevier, 2001.
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