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Статті в журналах з теми "Makran (Iran)"
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Hafeez Abbasi, Muhammad Imran. "IS MAKRAN A SEPARATE MICROPLATE? A SHORT REVIEW." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 5, no. 1 (2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2021.01.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Makran Subduction Zone (MZS) is important as this region lies on both sides of the border of Iran and Pakistan along the coastline. Makran Subduction complex has pervasive seismicity and diverse focal mechanism solutions and being in the vicinity of Triple Junction where three major Tectonic plates; Arabian, Eurasian and Indian plates are connecting. Both of Chabahar and Gwadar ports are located in this vicinity, on which China is investing for CPEC, Belt and Road Initiative. The whole world is looking at these projects of Makran, as this may define and transform the future of trade. Hence Geoscience point of view is notable as well in consideration for the successful execution of these projects. Several Microplates/blocks have been proposed around the vicinity MSZ and Indian-Eurasian Plate boundary including the Ormara microplate, Lut Block, Helmand Block, and Pakistan-Iran Makran microplate (PIMM). The purpose of this review is to shed light on PIMM. Despite previous researches related to Makran, still many researchers are working to solve puzzles related to the complexity of MSZ. It is divided into Eastern and Western Makran due to seismicity and North to South into four parts based on stratigraphy, thrusts and folds. This review aims to give suggestions for the hypothesis on PIMM which was inferred as a separate microplate.
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Delavar, M. R., H. Mohammadi, M. A. Sharifi, and M. D. Pirooz. "TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT MODELLING IN CHABAHAR PORT, IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-461-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The well-known historical tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) region was generated by the earthquake of November 28, 1945 in Makran Coast in the North of Oman Sea. This destructive tsunami killed over 4,000 people in Southern Pakistan and India, caused great loss of life and devastation along the coasts of Western India, Iran and Oman. According to the report of "Remembering the 1945 Makran Tsunami", compiled by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC), the maximum inundation of Chabahar port was 367 m toward the dry land, which had a height of 3.6 meters from the sea level. In addition, the maximum amount of inundation at Pasni (Pakistan) reached to 3 km from the coastline. For the two beaches of Gujarat (India) and Oman the maximum run-up height was 3 m from the sea level. In this paper, we first use Makran 1945 seismic parameters to simulate the tsunami in generation, propagation and inundation phases. The effect of tsunami on Chabahar port is simulated using the ComMIT model which is based on the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST). In this process the results are compared with the documented eyewitnesses and some reports from researchers for calibration and validation of the result. Next we have used the model to perform risk assessment for Chabahar port in the south of Iran with the worst case scenario of the tsunami. The simulated results showed that the tsunami waves will reach Chabahar coastline 11 minutes after generation and 9 minutes later, over 9.4 Km<sup>2</sup> of the dry land will be flooded with maximum wave amplitude reaching up to 30 meters.
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Khan, Waseem, and Mahnoor Mirwani. "PROBING THE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE MUD VOLCANIC CLUSTERS IN MAKRAN COASTAL ZONE, PAKISTAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 3 (2020): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i3.2020.145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Makran Subduction Zone is formed in Late Cretaceous. It is divided into Eastern Makran at the southern edge of Helmand Block in Pakistan and the Western Makran at the southern edge of Lut Block in Iran. The velocity of convergence in Eastern and Western Makran are 42.0 mm/yr and 35.6 mm/yr repectively. Both segments are bound by strike-slip faults e.g. Ornach-Nal left lateral fault in the east and Minab right lateral in the west. Stratigraphically, the zone comprises Formations of ages ranging from Cretaceous to Holocene. In the Eastern Makran, most of the mud volcanoes are located along strike which include Awaran and Sipai-sing, Chandragup, Gwadar, Jabel-e-Gurab, Khandawari, Kund Malir, Ormara and Offshore mud volcanoes. The continental margin of Makran is an ideal environment of Oxygen Maximum Zone which receives organic rich matters in its sediments by marine organisms. Several assisting factors play significant roles in erupting the fluid and methane gasses through the mud vents in Makran Coastal Region such as tectonic stresses, oil, saltwater, and transmitting freshwater in the sedimentary environments.
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Normand, Raphaël, Guy Simpson, Frédéric Herman, Rabiul Haque Biswas, and Abbas Bahroudi. "Holocene Sedimentary Record and Coastal Evolution in the Makran Subduction Zone (Iran)." Quaternary 2, no. 2 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2020021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The western Makran coast displays evidence of surface uplift since at least the Late Pleistocene, but it remains uncertain whether this displacement is accommodated by creep on the subduction interface, or in a series of large earthquakes. Here, we address this problem by looking at the short-term (Holocene) history of continental vertical displacements recorded in the geomorphology and sedimentary succession of the Makran beaches. In the region of Chabahar (Southern Iran), we study two bay-beaches through the description, measurement and dating of 13 sedimentary sections with a combination of radiocarbon and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Our results show that lagoonal settings dominate the early Holocene of both studied beach sections. A flooding surface associated with the Holocene maximum transgression is followed by a prograding sequence of tidal and beach deposits. Coastal progradation is evidenced in Pozm Bay, where we observe a rapid buildup of the beach ridge succession (3.5 m/years lateral propagation over the last 1950 years). Dating of Beris Beach revealed high rates of uplift, comparable to the rates obtained from the nearby Late Pleistocene marine terraces. A 3150-year-old flooding surface within the sedimentary succession of Chabahar Bay was possibly caused by rapid subsidence during an earthquake. If true, this might indicate that the Western Makran does produce large earthquakes, similar to those that have occurred further east in the Pakistani Makran.
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Safari, A., A. M. Abolghasem, N. Abedini, and Z. Mousavi. "ASSESSMENT OF OPTIMUM VALUE FOR DIP ANGLE AND LOCKING RATE PARAMETERS IN MAKRAN SUBDUCTION ZONE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W4 (September 27, 2017): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w4-523-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Makran subduction zone is one of the convergent areas that have been studied by spatial geodesy. Makran zone is located in the South Eastern of Iran and South of Pakistan forming the part of Eurasian-Arabian plate's border where oceanic crust in the Arabian plate (or in Oman Sea) subducts under the Eurasian plate ( Farhoudi and Karig, 1977). Due to lack of historical and modern tools in the area, a sampling of sparse measurements of the permanent GPS stations and temporary stations (campaign) has been conducted in the past decade. Makran subduction zone from different perspectives has unusual behaviour: For example, the Eastern and Western parts of the region have very different seismicity and also dip angle of subducted plate is in about 2 to 8 degrees that this value due to the dip angle in other subduction zone is very low. In this study, we want to find the best possible value for parameters that differs Makran subduction zone from other subduction zones. Rigid block modelling method was used to determine these parameters. From the velocity vectors calculated from GPS observations in this area, block model is formed. These observations are obtained from GPS stations that a number of them are located in South Eastern Iran and South Western Pakistan and a station located in North Eastern Oman. According to previous studies in which the locking depth of Makran subduction zone is 38km (Frohling, 2016), in the preparation of this model, parameter value of at least 38 km is considered. With this function, the amount of 2 degree value is the best value for dip angle but for the locking rate there is not any specified amount. Because the proposed model is not sensitive to this parameter. So we can not expect big earthquakes in West of Makran or a low seismicity activity in there but the proposed model definitely shows the Makran subduction layer is locked.
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Ayub, Mubarak, and Safi Ullah Khan Marwat. "State and Society under the Zikris in Makran: A Historical Account." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. II (2023): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-ii).11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Makran is the South-Western division of Balochistan, Pakistan and the South-Eastern region of Sistan-wa-Balochistan, Iran. Makran has been of great importance to many superpowers of the last thirteen centuries. Macedonians, Sassanid Persians, Sindhi Brahmins, and Arabs had all laid nominal claim to Makran at various times. It has been the battlefield for several ancient powers such as Sassanid, Indians and Greek. Throughout the medieval era, it was dominated by the Arabs and other Central Asian dynasties such as the Seljuks, Ghaznavids and Ghorids. During the 16th century, it was also invaded by the Portuguese. However, authority always remained with local rulers, particularly the Maliks, the Buledis and the Ghichkis. The Zikris are the followers of Sayyid Muhammad Jaunpuri and recognized him as Mahdi. During the 15th century, the Zikrism spread rapidly in Makran and gained considerable political support as it succeeded to establish a state in Makran. However, during the 18th century, the Zikri State was attacked and occupied by the ruler of Kalat State, Khan Mir Nasir Khan. The Zikri ruled Makran for almost three centuries, which was known for justice, peace and prosperity in Makran. The paper examines the historical development of the Zikri State in Makran and also discusses its socio-political structure and administration in the light of primary sources.
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Haberland, Christian, Mohammad Mokhtari, Hassan Ali Babaei, et al. "Anatomy of a crustal-scale accretionary complex: Insights from deep seismic sounding of the onshore western Makran subduction zone, Iran." Geology 49, no. 1 (2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47700.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Makran subduction zone has produced M 8+ earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis in historic times, hence indicating high risk for the coastal regions of southern Iran, Pakistan, and neighboring countries. Besides this, the Makran subduction zone is an end-member subduction zone featuring extreme properties, with one of the largest sediment inputs and the widest accretionary wedge on Earth. While surface geology and shallow structure of the offshore wedge have been relatively well studied, primary information on the deeper structure of the onshore part is largely absent. We present three crustal-scale, trench-perpendicular, deep seismic sounding profiles crossing the subaerial part of the accretionary wedge of the western Makran subduction zone in Iran. P-wave travel-time tomography based on a Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm as well as the migration of automatic line drawings of wide-angle reflections reveal the crustal structure of the wedge and geometry of the subducting oceanic plate at high resolution. The images shed light on the accretionary processes, in particular the generation of continental crust by basal accretion, and provide vital basic information for hazard assessment and tsunami modeling.
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Normand, Raphaël, Guy Simpson, and Abbas Bahroudi. "Extension at the coast of the Makran subduction zone (Iran)." Terra Nova 31, no. 6 (2019): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12419.
Повний текст джерела
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Negaresh, Hossein. "Mud volcanoes in Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces, Makran Coast, Southeast Iran." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 54 (November 1, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm54200801.
Повний текст джерела
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Nemati, Majid. "Seismotectonic and seismicity of Makran, a bimodal subduction zone, SE Iran." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 169 (January 2019): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.08.009.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Makran (Iran)"
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Pokharel, Shankar Babu. "Remote Sensing and GIS Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Fracture Patterns in the Makran Accretionary Prism, Southeast Iran." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study shows that remote sensing and GIS are powerful tools in identifying geologically induced lineaments from digitally enhanced ETM+ satellite imageries and the digital elevation model (DEM) in remote areas such as the Makran accretionary prism, southeast Iran. The presence of the conjugate shear fractures in the eastern part, along with the extensional, and the presence of reidal sets associated with the subsidiary fractures of the Minab-Zendal fault system in the western part, suggests that the structural pattern changes from pure shear to simple shear from east to the west across the prism. Moreover, the gradual increase in the value of the angle between the two conjugate shear fractures, from south (coastal Makran) to north across the prism, and the presence of high-angle north-dipping reverse faults, with few south-dipping normal faults, suggest that deformation changes from brittle, in the south, to ductile in the northern part of the prism.
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Regard, Vincent. "Variations temporelle et spatiale de la transition subduction-collision : tectonique de la transition Zagros-Makran (Iran) et modélisation analogique." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les transitions spatiale et temporelle de la subduction à la collision sont des charnières géodynamiques. Nous précisons dans ce travail le rôle et le devenir de ces zones grâce à des modèles analogiques et l'étude tectonique d'un cas réel. La modélisation a montré qu'une transition temporelle entre subduction et collision est toujours marquée par une phase de subduction continentale. La durée de cette phase dépend de la façon dont se déforme la lithosphère subductée en profondeur. Plus elle se déforme, plus courte est la subduction continentale. Dans le cas d'une transition latérale entre subduction et collision, la déformation de la plaque supérieure est aussi fonction de sa résistance à la déformation et notamment de l'existence de zones de faiblesse. Notre analyse tectonique montre que la déformation actuelle à la transition Zagros-Makran (SE Iran) est distribuée sur un large domaine, au niveau de deux systèmes de failles, d'orientation N 160° et N 0°. Le régime est globalement transpressif, et montre deux phases distinctes. 1-Mio-Pliocène : failles inverses avec un probable partitionnement avec des plis. 2-Plio-Quaternaire : déformation purement cassante, avec une contrainte principale horizontale, s1, de direction NE-SO, homogène sur toute la zone. L'analyse de marqueurs géomorphologiques décalés et datés (datations 10Be, et corrélations paléoclimatiques et archéologiques), nous a permis de déterminer les vitesses de déplacement de chaque faille et d'obtenir le déplacement total sur la zone, de 12±2 mm/a dans une direction environ ~10°. La distribution de la déformation montrée par la tectonique peut être attribuée à la prolongation du slab du Makran sous le Zagros, et montre, comme la modélisation, à quel point la déformation de surface est tributaire de processus profonds. La déformation en Iran comme celle des modèles montre de plus une forte localisation de la déformation par des zones de faiblesse héritées de l'histoire géologique régionale.
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Ninkabou, Dia. "Tectono-sedimentary and geodynamic evolution of the Makran Subduction Zone and the Gulf of Oman, from the Late Cretaceous to Present." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La zone de subduction du Makran, situé entre les plaques Arabe, Indienne et Eurasienne est caractérisé par l’un des plus grands prisme d’accrétion au monde. D’âge cénozoïque, ce prisme présente de fortes différences dans sa morphologie d’Est en Ouest, à terre et en mer. Afin de déterminer les causes de ces disparités, des données de sismiques réflexion ont été étudiés en mer à travers le prisme et le Golfe d’Oman, nous renseignant sur l’évolution de la zone d’étude à l’échelle du bassin. Des données de tomographie sismique ont aussi été étudiés à travers la région, nous renseignant sur la structure lithosphérique de la zone de subduction. Les résultats montrent que la structure du prisme en mer est régie par la dynamique sédimentaire Plio-Pléistocène du prisme, lié à sa cannibalisation. Le secteur occidental du prisme montre une accumulation préférentielle de sédiments dans la plateforme, alors qu’un système turbiditique permet l’acheminement de sédiments à la fosse dans le secteur oriental. La structure profonde de la zone de subduction est caractérisée par un premier panneau plongeant lié à la plaque Arabe, affecté par une déchirure subhorizontale dans la partie ouest de la zone de subduction. Cette déchirure se situe à l’ouest d’une zone de transfert majeur identifié sur la marge Omanaise, indiquant une possible segmentation de la plaque subduite. Cette déchirure est potentiellement responsable de la formation d’un olistostrome dans la partie occidentale du prisme, qui est responsable de la morphologie distincte du prisme émergé dans ce secteur. Un deuxième panneau plongeant, associé à la plaque indienne, est situé dans la partie la plus à l’Est de la subduction<br>The Makran subduction zone, located between the Arabian, Indian and Eurasian plates, is characterized by one of the largest accretionary prism of the world. This Cenozoic prism shows stark morphological differences from East to West, onshore and offshore. To assess the causes for these differences, offshore multichannel seismic data has been studied throughout the prism and the Gulf of Oman, allowing us to assess the evolution of the study area at the basin scale. Seismic tomography data was also studied across the region, providing insights into the subduction zone's lithospheric structure. The results show that the structure of the offshore prism is partly linked to Plio-Pleistocene surface processes due to its reworking. The western sector of the prism shows mainly a large accumulation of sediments in the shelf, compared to the eastern sector, where sediments are also routed to the trench by a turbiditic system. The deep structure of the subduction zone is characterized by a first subducting plate related to the Arabian plate, affected by a sub-horizontal tear. This tear is located west of a major transfer zone identified on the northern Oman margin, indicating a possible segmentation of the subducting plate. This tear may be responsible for forming a major olistostrome, which impacts the morphology of the onshore wedge. An additional subducting plate, related to the Indian plate, is located in the easternmost sector of the subduction zone
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Shah-Hosseini, Majid. "Geomorphic evolution and coastal hazards along the Iranian coast of Makran." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse a deux objectifs principaux: (i) la reconstruction de l'évolution des plaines côtières autour des baies de Chabahar et de Pozm et (ii) L'évaluation des risques côtiers (tsunamis et tempêtes extrêmes) par l'étude des dépôts de haute énergie. Vastes plaines côtières et paleo-rivages protégées par des terrasses marines soulevées sont présents autour des baies de Chabahar et Pozm. Nous avons mise en évidence des changements du niveau marin relatif le long de quatre profils. L'architecture interne des paleo-rivages a été imagée en utilisant le géoradar (GPR). Des analyses sédimentologiques et stratigraphiques des séquences côtières ont été examinées par carottages et tranchées. Les paleo-rivages sont datées entre 4800 et 270 ans BP à des distances respectives de 5 km et de 670 m du rivage actuel. La position spatiale des paléo-rivages montre une chute du niveau relatif de la mer de 15 m au cours des 4800 derniers années. Nous insistons aussi sur le rôle de contrôle des structures géologiques. Les dépôts d'événements (tsunami et tempêtes) ont été étudiés en contexte de côte meuble par Les sédiments sableux et coquilliers d'origine marine, et sur les côtes rocheuses par les dépôt des blocs déplacés. Nous avons appliqué des modèles hydrologiques pour évaluer et comparer la hauteur des vagues et la distance d'inondation. Nos résultats montrent qu'aucun événement de tempête, connu ou potentiel, n'est capable de transporter les blocs observés. Des vagues de tsunamis de l'ordre de 4 m de hauteur sont suffisantes pour transporter les blocs. La côte de Makran a enregistré des indices de paléo-tsunamis probablement générés par de grands séismes dans la zone de subduction<br>In this thesis we have two main goals: (i) to reconstruct the Holocene coastal evolution and relative sea-level changes using strandplains around the Chabahar and Pozm bays; and (ii) to evaluate coastal hazards (tsunami and extreme storms) along the Iranian coast of Makran using high-energy deposits. Since the mid-Holocene, the shoreline rimming the bays of Chabahar and Pozm has prograded ~5 km and formed extensive strandplains. We documented relative sea-level changes along four coast-normal profiles. Internal architecture of strandplain imaged using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the coastal sequence were studied by coring and trenching. The highest paleo-coastline is located about 5 km inland and stands approximately 15 m above present sea level. Paleo-shorelines date back between 4800 and 270 years BP at respective distances of 5 km to 670 m from the active shoreline. The spatial position of the palaeo-coastlines demonstrates a fall in local sea level of around 15 m during the last ~4800 years. Event deposits attesting to high-energy waves have been studied in low-lying coast by study of Over-washed sandy and shelly marine sediment and on the rocky shore by study of displaced boulder deposits. We applied hydrologic models to estimate the height and inundation distance of exceptional waves. Our results demonstrate that no known or probable storm is capable of detaching and transporting the boulders. Tsunami waves 4 m in height are enough to transport the boulders. We conclude the Makran coast has archived evidence of palaeo-tsunami events generated in the Makran subduction zone
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Mutin, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude du peuplement des confins indo-iraniens au chalcolithique : caractérisation de la production céramique des périodes II et IIa du Makran pakistanais (4e millénaire avant J.-C.)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le programme de recherche archéologique mis en place par R. Besenval, il y a vingt ans au Makran pakistanais (Sud-Ouest du Pakistan), a comblé un manque de données important relatif au peuplement ancien de cette région localisée à mi-chemin des cultures du Plateau iranien et du Pakistan oriental. La fouille des sites de la vallée de la Kech et les prospections conduites dans la région ont permis de restituer la chronologie de son occupation humaine dont les premières traces datent du 5e millénaire avant J. -C. Tout en révélant une riche nature matérielle et une forte occupation aux époques suivantes. Nous nous sommes intéressés ici à l’émergence et au développement de la production céramique datée du 4e millénaire avant J. -C. . L’approche considérée est « globale » ; elle aborde des questions liées à la nature des productions du Makran, leur évolution, leurs utilisations, leur distribution régionale et leurs rapports avec celles des autres régions des confins indo-iraniens
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BARBERO, EDOARDO. "Geological and petrological investigation of the western North Makran ophiolites (SE Iran): new constraints for the Late Jurassic – Cretaceous tectono-magmatic and geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Makran Accretionary Prism (South Iran) is related to the convergence between the Arabia and Eurasia plates accommodated by the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean since the Cretaceous. Mesozoic ophiolites, sedimentary successions, and minor continental-derived tectonic units are preserved in the North Makran domain.
This thesis is focused on field-based geological study, as well as petrological and geochemical characterization of the magmatic rocks of the Bajgan and Durkan Complexes, the Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolitic unit, and the Ganj Complex The studied units are included in the North Makran domain and they are up to now interpreted as the remnants of a Mesozoic oceanic basin (the North Makran Ocean) and its southern continental margin. The aim of this thesis is to provide data for understanding the geodynamic significance of these units and new constraints for the Mesozoic geodynamic history of the North Makran Ocean.
The new multidisciplinary data documented a complex tectono-magmatic evolution for the different tectonic units. The Ganj Complex was interpreted in literature as an ophiolitic unit. The new data indicate that it represents a Late Cretaceous volcanic arc succession. The Ganj arc was likely built close or onto the southern margin of Eurasia plate. The Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolitic unit display crustal architecture, geochemical fingerprints of magmatic rocks, and mineral chemistry of rock-forming minerals indicating its formation in a mid-oceanic ridge tectonic setting during Early Cretaceous. Petrogenetic evidence suggests a ridge-mantle plume interaction during the formation of this unit. The Bajgan and Durkan Complexes were up to now considered as the remnants of a microntinental block deformed in the Makran. The multidisciplinary data provided by this thesis point out for a different interpretation of these complexes. The Durkan Complex records the interplay of alkaline magmatism and shallow water and pelagic sedimentation during the Late Cretaceous. The combination of stratigraphic and petrological data and mineral chemistry data suggest that the Durkan Complex represents the remnants of a Late Cretaceous seamounts chain tectonically disrupted in the Makran. The Bajgan Complex include meta-serpentinites, meta-intrusive rocks, meta-volcanic rocks and meta-sedimentary rocks. This type of tectono-stratigraphic architecture is comparable with that of a typical subduction-unrelated oceanic succession. Whole-rock geochemistry of meta-magmatic rocks and petrogenetic study indicate a subduction-unrelated chemical affinity. Dating of magmatic zircon from meta-intrusive rocks testify for Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous age. These data indicate that the Bajgan Complex corresponds to an assemblage of Mesozoic meta-ophiolitic tectonic slices. Structural data on the Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolitic unit and Durkan Complex provide evidence for a multiphase deformation history occurred during the latest Late Cretaceous – Paleocene-earliest Eocene accretion and subsequent exhumation within the frontal accretionary wedge.
In conclusion this thesis provides significant constraints for the understanding of the Late Jurassic - Cretaceous geodynamic and tectono-magmatic significance of the North Makran Ocean and its role during the convergent tectonic stages starting from the latest Late Cretaceous. The outstanding conclusion is that, in contrast to any previous interpretation, this ocean likely represented a mature and wide oceanic basin rather than a marginal basin or a back-arc basin as previously thought. The implications of these new findings are also discussed in the framework of the regional-scale Cretaceous evolution of the Neo-Tethys realm.<br>Il Prisma di Accrezione del Makran (Iran meridionale) è legato alla convergenza tra la placca Araba e quella Euroasiatica, che è accomodata, a partire dal Cretacico, dalla subduzione verso Nord dell’oceano della Neo-Tetide. Nel dominio tettonico del North Makran sono preservate ofioliti mesozoiche, successioni sedimentarie e minori resti di rocce di derivazione continentale.
La presente tesi è focalizzata sui complessi di Bajgan e Durkan, sull’unità di Band-e-Zeyarat e sul complesso di Ganj e comprende un dettagliato studio geologico di queste unità sul terreno così come un dettagliato studio geochimico-petrologico delle rocce magmatiche. Le unità studiate fanno parte del dominio del North Makran e sono state interpretate come i resti del bacino oceanico Mesozoico, noto in letteratura come Oceano del North Makran, e il suo margine continentale meridionale. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di presentare nuovi dati per meglio comprendere il significato geodinamico dei complessi di Bajgan e Durkan, dell’unità di Band-e-Zeyarat e del complesso di Ganj e vincolare l’evoluzione geodinamica dell’Oceano del North Makran.
I dati presentati nella presente tesi documentano una complessa evoluzione tettono-magmatica per le diverse unità tettoniche. Il complesso di Ganj rappresenta una successione di arco vulcanico del Cretacico Superiore, probabilmente formatasi vicino alla placca Euroasiatica. L'ofiolite di Band-e-Zeyarat mostra un’architettura crostale, un’affinità geochimica delle rocce magmatiche e la composizione chimica delle fasi mineralogiche compatibile con la genesi in una dorsale medio oceanica durante il Cretacico Inferiore. I nuovi dati petrologici suggeriscono che l’ofiolite di Band-e-Zeyarat si sia formata durante l’interazione tra dorsale e plume di mantello. Il complesso di Durkan registra magmatismo alkalino coevo con sedimentazione pelagica e in ambiente di piattaforma carbonatica durante il Cretacico Superiore. La combinazione dei dati stratigrafici e petrologici indica che il Complesso di Durkan rappresenta i resti di una catena di seamounts deformata nel prisma di accrezione del Makran. Il complesso di Bajgan è costituito da meta-serpentiniti, varie tipologie di rocce metamorfiche da protoliti magmatici e rocce meta-sedimentarie. Questa tipologia di associazione litologica e la composizione chimica delle rocce magmatiche sono confrontabili con le ofioliti di tipo MOR (mid ocean ridge). Le datazioni di zirconi separati da meta-gabbri e meta-plagiograniti hanno fornito età comprese tra il Giurassico Superiore e il Cretacico Inferiore. I nuovi dati sul Complesso di Bajgan suggeriscono che corrisponda a un insieme di scaglie tettoniche di ofioliti Mesozoiche. I dati strutturali sull’ofiolite di Band-e-Zeyarat e il Complesso di Durkan indicano che queste unità hanno subito una storia deformativa polifasica tra il tardo Cretacico Superiore e il Paleocene-Eocene inferiore durante la loro accrezione e successiva esumazione nei settori frontali del prisma del Makran.
In conclusione, i risultati della presente tesi forniscono importati vincoli per comprendere l’evoluzione geodinamica dell’Oceano del North Makran durante il tardo Giurassico e il Cretacico, così come il suo ruolo nella tettonica convergente attiva a partire dal tardo Cretacico Superiore. Il risultato principale è che i nuovi dati multidisciplinari suggeriscono che l’Oceano del North Makran rappresentasse un bacino oceanico maturo piuttosto che un bacino marginale o un back-arc come precedentemente suggerito in letteratura. Sono inoltre discusse le implicazioni dei nuovi dati nel contesto dell’evoluzione a scala regionale della Neo-Tetide durante il Cretacico.
7
Yamini, Fard Farzam. "Sismotectonique et structure lithosphérique de deux zones de transition dans le Zagros (Iran) : la zone de Minab et la zone de Qatar-Kazerun." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les failles importantes en coulissage orientées NS comme la faille du Zendan-Minab-Palami (ZMP) et la faille de Borazjan-Kazerun-Dena séparent des styles différents de déformation au sud de l'Iran. Le ZMP sépare la zone de collision du Zagros à la zone de subduction du Makran. Nous utilisons des données microsismiques et téléséismiques enregistrées par un réseau temporaire de 50 stations qui a fonctionné en novembre et décembre 1999. La microsismicité observée dans cette région montre une activité diffuse entre la faille de Zendan-Minab-Palami et la faille de Jiroft, limitée par la dépression du Jaz-Murian. La distribution de la sismicité en profondeur montre que nos données sont localisées entre 15-35 km, plus profond que dans le Zagros et avec une augmentation des profondeurs vers le NE. L'analyse des mécanismes au foyer montre des mécanismes en coulissage dextre et des mécanismes en chevauchement de pendage faible distribués en profondeur. L'inversion des résidus des séismes locaux montre une anomalie de vitesse plongeant vers le N associée aux séismes. La tomographie téléséismique confirme une variation importante de la structure au passage de la faille zone de Zendan-Minab-Palami, rapide sous le Zagros, lente à proximité du ZMP, qui affecte toute la croûte et le manteau supérieur. L'analyse des fonctions récepteurs montre une structure complexe sous la zone de faille de Zendan-Minab-Palami avec des conversions dans la croûte supérieure à 15 km . En revanche l'interface observée pour la région du Makran se situe à 35 km profondeur. Un réseau temporaire de 29 stations sismologiques a fonctionné en avril et juin 2002 dans la région de Borujen située dans le Zagros nord , au nord du système Qatar-Kazerun. La distribution de la sismicité dans cette région est diffuse et suit approximativement la direction des structures tectoniques, la faille de Dena, d'Ardal (MRF) et le HZF. En revanche le MZT (Main Zagros Thrust) n'est pas sismiquement actif. La sismicité est localisée entre 2-16 km de profondeur et montre des alignements verticaux à proximité de la faille d'Ardal et la faille de Dena. L'analyse des mécanismes au foyer montre des mécanismes en décrochement et des mécanismes en chevauchement. L'étude de la structure de la croûte en utilisant la méthode des fonctions récepteurs montre une conversion claire à 60 km de profondeur sans aucune variation importante au passage de la faille de Dena.
8
Karlsson, Simon. "Makten på Öland och i Möre : Järnålderns elit i ett lokalt perspektiv." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The social elite on Öland and in Möre in the south east of Sweden during the Iron Age is described on the basis of the archaelogical record, such as graves, settlements and traces of pre-Christian central places. The material is discussed to see if traces of an elite are to be found. The power configuration between Öland and Möre is also discussed.</p><p> </p>
9
Winbergh, Göran. "Elit och tvång, eller släkt och rådslag? : Två tolkningar av makten på Gotland under romersk järnålder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the archaeological research about the Baltic Sea island of Gotland during Roman Iron Age, 0–400 AD, two different approaches are visible: One that sees the community life on Gotland as different from the one on the main land with a relative stabile development, based on the family and kin, where no higher elite separate itself. The other perception emanates from the changes in southern Scandinavia, where an elite steadily grows and finally isolate itself as an aristocracy with unlimited power over others, the development on Gotland is no exception. This paper is about describing, investigating and explaining these two points of view. By using a selection of written sources the paper tries to answer three questions: What archaeological argumentations are there for that Gotland should be particular? What support the views that the island was a part of an over-regional development when it comes to struggle for power? What lies behind these very diverse positions among archaeological scholars? Two scholars, Kerstin Cassel and Frands Herschend, represents the two opposite standpoints and the three questions are to be answered by a comparison with two of their main archaeological works. This comparison, based on the other written sources and my own understanding, will show that the two different views on the gotlandish development can be traced to, more than anything, the two writers pre-understanding of their own scientific argumentations.
10
Moore, Martyn Patrick John. "The Iron Age of the Makapan Valley area, central Transvaal." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Arts, 1981.<br>A culture-history research project was initiated for the
relatively unresearched Makapan Valley area of the central
Transvaal. The valley was surveyed intensively and fifty sites
recorded. Three, 2429AA4 (Ficus), 2429AA24 (Kekane) and
2429AA36 were excavated. Ficus was a multicomponent site with
four phases of occupation; an initial fifth to sixth century
A.D. Lydenburg phase, a ninth to tenth century Eiland phase,
an ambiguous fifteenth century entity and a superficial early
twentieth century Ndebele occupation. This site sequence
provided the framework for the research area's culture-history.
Site 2429AA24 provided a larger sample of twentieth century
Ndebele pottery. 2429AA36 proved sterile. The sample of
excavated Eiland phase pottery has been significantly increased
by the Ficus material.
Книги з теми "Makran (Iran)"
1
Mardiyati, Umi. Peranan angkutan laut dalam penyediaan bahan makanan di Irian Jaya: Laporan penelitian. Jurusan Ekonomi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Cenderawasih, 1993.
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2
Kjeldsen, Jens E., and Siri Meyer, eds. Krig, rett & retorikk – en bok om kommunikasjonsregimer. 3rd ed. Retorikförlaget, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/fhhn6728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Krigen, retten og retorikken. Hvordan påvirker de hverandre og hvordan er de med på å skape samfunn og sosiale realiteter? Boken handler om ”kommunikasjonsregimer”: et sett av retoriske former og tankefigurer som setter seg gjennom som dominerende måter å tenke og tale på innenfor bestemte samfunnsfelt. Et kommunikasjonsregime betinger hva som kan bli sagt, representert, få en kommunikativ form. Krig, rett og retorikk viser hvordan forskjellige kommunikasjonsregimer gjorde det mulig retorisk å fusjonere hendelsene 11. september 2001 med legitimeringen av invasjonen av Irak. Det skapte en situasjon hvor dissonante stemmer vanskelig kunne ytre seg eller ikke ble hørt. Kunnskap om kommunikasjonsregimer lærer oss å forstå og analysere makten i tekster, bilder og institusjonelle praksiser. Men den lærer oss mer enn det. Som borgere av samfunn som gjerne vil være siviliserte og følge internasjonal lov, blir vi også minnet på hvor viktig det er å lytte til dissonante stemmer, spesielt de som ikke kommer til orde når det manes til krig.
3
Wahyudhi, Nostalgiawan, ed. Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East: Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca-Arab Spring. LIPI PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/press.294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arab spring membawa perubahan besar pada politik Timur Tengah. Banyak yang berharap bahwa Arab spring bukan hanya revolusi Arab jilid dua setelah revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979, tetapi merupakan era baru kebangkitan demokratisasi di Timur Tengah yang akan memberi ruang bagi gerakan politik Islam berpartisipasi secara terbuka di ranah publik. Sarjana-sarjana studi Islam beranggapan bahwa Arab spring merupakan jembatan menuju “Islamist winter”. Islamist winter diartikan dengan ketakutan dunia akan tumbuhnya kalangan Islamis menguasai kekuasaan di dunia Arab.[1] Hal ini mengarah pada notasi apakah radikalisme Islam akan tumbuh di Timur Tengah? Gerakan Arab spring bukanlah gelombang statis. Politik Timur Tengah senantiasa bergerak secara dinamis. Kemenangan Muhammad Mursi di Mesir, kekuasaan Receep Tayyep Erdogan yang semakin kuat di Turki, kemenangan Ennahda di Tunisia, dan bangkitnya Ikhwanul Muslimin secara terbuka hampir di semua negara yang dilanda Arab spring tidaklah secara linier di konotasikan sebagai kebangkitan radikalisme Islam di Timur Tengah. Sebagaimana Asef Bayat mengatakan bahwa Arab spring merupakan momentum baru bagi transformasi menuju post-Islamism, dimana sebuah gejala baru yang merupakan the fusion of religiousity and rights, faithy and freedom, Islam and liberty, as an attempt to trancend Islamism by building a pious society within non-religious state.[2] Pada posisi ini Asef Bayat memiliki standing position yang berbeda dengan Olivier Roy, dimana Roy mempercayai gerakan politik Islam di dunia Islam tidak akan pernah berhasil karena konsep yang diajukan bersifat utopia. Dalam bukunya tentang The Failure of Political Islam, Roy menggambarkan berakhirnya suatu periode dan dimulainya babak baru dari periode lain, bahwa politik Islam tidak diterima bahkan oleh masyarakat Islam itu sendiri.[3] Over generalisasi yang dilakukan oleh Roy mendapatkan kritikan akademis yang luas, dan bagi Asef Bayat hal ini bentuk simplifikasi Roy terhadap dinamisnya perkembangan politik Islam dari masa ke masa. Konsep yang diajukan oleh Asef Bayat tentang post-Islamism memberikan makna bahwa politik Islam secara substansial tidak mati tetapi bertransformasi secara lebih terbuka untuk membangun masyarakat yang relijius ditengah sistem politik yang lebih demokratis dan sekuler. Namun demikian, temuan di buku ini tidak membenarkan semua klaim tentang gejala post-Islamism. Kudeta militer terhadap Muhammad Mursi memunculkan kekuasaan militer yang otoritarian di Mesir, runtuhnya Moammar Khadafi memunculkan perang dua pemerintahan (dawn dan tripoli) di Libya, perpecahan di Irak dan Suriah yang tak kunjung selesai, Yaman yang bergejolak, negara-negara Teluk yang semakin memproteksi diri dari Ikhwanul Muslimin yang dianggap organisasi teroris, hingga blockade Arab Saudi terhadap Qatar. Arab spring berujung pada harapan kosong akan harapan Timur Tengah yang lebih demokratis, karena Arab spring berhasil menumbuhkan demokrasi hanya di satu negara, Tunisia, tempat dimana gelombang demokratisasi itu dimulai. Fenomena ini kami namakan dengan backward bending. Arab spring secara umum tidak menumbuhkan demokrasi (kecuali di Tunisia), justru menjadi arus balik bagi tumbuhnya otoritarianisme baru di Timur Tengah. Kegagalan Arab spring dalam menumbuhkan iklim demokrasi di Timur Tengah merupakan fenomena Arab exceptionalism, dimana dunia Arab secara politik dan kultural lebih sulit untuk menerima demokrasi. Praktik-praktik politik dan kekuasaan otoriter (dinasti) yang telah mengakar di Timur Tengah, tidak bisa diubah serta merta dengan jalur revolusi atau regime change. Jika negara tersebut memiliki kekuatan elit tunggal yang kuat maka re-enforcement politik secara top-down akan terjadi untuk menguasai masyarakat; atau jika tidak polarisasi kekuatan politik bersifat lebih merata maka aktor-aktor politik akan saling menguasai satu sama lain dalam konflik sipil yang panjang dan berdarah. Tunisia berhasil menumbuhkan demokrasi setelah revolusi dan regime change karena transformasi nilai-nilai demokrasi di negara bekas jajahan perancis itu sudah tumbuh sejak sebelum terjadinya Arab spring. Struktur politik, sosial dan budaya masyarakat di negara francophone tersebut lebih siap menerima perubahan ke arah yang demokratis. Demokratisasi ini mengubah satu wajah politik Islam di Tunisia menjadi lebih terbuka dan moderat. Gerakan politik Islam terbesar di Tunisia, Ennahda, melakukan transformasi dari gerakan radikal menjadi partai politik dengan menjadikan Turki sebagai prototype dibandingkan apa yang dilakukan Mursi di Mesir. Hal ini tidak hanya berlaku di Tunisia. Perubahan sosial dan politik di Timur Tengah yang terjadi paska Arab spring berkorelasi dengan munculnya berbagai wajah-wajah baru gerakan politik Islam. Keniscayaan ini tumbuh karena politik Islam bersifat responsif terhadap perubahan sosial dan politik di lingkungannya. Selamat membaca.
Частини книг з теми "Makran (Iran)"
1
Burg, J. P., A. Dolati, D. Bernoulli, and J. Smit. "structural style of the Makran Tertiary accretionary complex in SE-Iran." In Lithosphere Dynamics and Sedimentary Basins: The Arabian Plate and Analogues. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30609-9_12.
Повний текст джерела
2
Dolati, A., and J. P. Burg. "Preliminary fault analysis and paleostress evolution in the Makran Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Iran." In Lithosphere Dynamics and Sedimentary Basins: The Arabian Plate and Analogues. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30609-9_13.
Повний текст джерела
3
Barbero, Edoardo, Morteza Delavari, Asghar Dolati, et al. "New Geochemical and Age Data on the Bajgan Complex (Makran Accretionary Prism, SE Iran): Implications for the Redefinition of Its Tectonic Setting of Formation from a Paleozoic Continental Basement to a Cretaceous Oceanic Domain." In Recent Research on Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Tectonics, Geochemistry, Volcanology and Petroleum Geology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43222-4_35.
Повний текст джерела
4
Susilawati, Euis. "Pentingnya APSCO bagi Pembangunan Keantariksaan Indonesia." In Kajian Kebijakan dan Informasi Kedirgantaraan. Mitra Wacana Media, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/9786023181360.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
APSCO merupakan organisasi kerja sama multilateral keantariksaan yang dibentuk oleh delapan negara di Asia Pasifik pada tahun 2005 di Beijing, Tiongkok. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penandatangan Konvensi APSCO, namun sampai sekarang belum menjadi anggota karena belum meratifikasi Konvensi tersebut. Apabila Indonesia menjadi anggota APSCO maka setiap tahunnya Indonesia harus membayar kontribusi pendanaan dan tentunya akan menambah beban anggaran pemerintah Indonesia. Untuk itu harus dibuktikan bahwa dengan kontribusi yang dibayarkan tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembangunan keantariksaan untuk jangka pendek, jangka menengah, dan jangka panjang. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalis pentingnya APSCO bagi pembangunan keantariksaan yang dilihat tidak hanya menilai manfaat yang diperoleh dari sisi kontribusi pendanaan yang diberikan. Metoda yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif, dan dengan menggunakan perspektif politik, analisis menghasilkan bahwa secara politik dalam APSCO sangat penting bagi Indonesia yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai wahana untuk promosi kemampuan Indonesia dalam aplikasi keantariksan kepada negara-negara anggota APSCO, dan memperoleh alih teknologi antariksa (peroketan) dari Tiongkok atau Iran melalui kegiatan atau program pengembangan teknologi antariksa, atau kegiatan pilihan lainnya yang disepakati bersama yang tidak terdapat dalam organisasi multilateral lainnya sejenis seperti APRSAF dan UNCSSTEAP.
5
"UPLIFTED MARINE TERRACES ALONG THE MAKRAN COAST OF PAKISTAN AND IRAN." In Himalaya to the Sea. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203414637-27.
Повний текст джерела
6
Aubourg, C., B. Smith, H. Bakhtari, et al. "Post-Miocene shortening pictured by magnetic fabric across the Zagros-Makran syntaxis (Iran)." In Special Paper 383: Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses. Geological Society of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[17:pspbmf]2.0.co;2.
Повний текст джерела
7
Postma, Dirk Willem. "Kwetsbaar burgerschap: Naar een vrijplaats voor boeren, burgers en buitenlui." In Geleefd Burgerschap: Van eenheidsdwang naar ruimte voor verschil en vitaliteit. Uitgeverij SWP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36254/978-90-8850-334-4.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Het is woensdag 16 februari 2011, tien uur ‘s ochtends op buurtboerderij Ons Genoegen aan de groene rafelrand van het Amsterdamse Westerpark. Een waterig winterzonnetje doet zijn uiterste best om door de wolken heen te breken. Op het terras wordt een sigaretje gerookt door de schoonmaker en twee medevrijwilligers die vandaag de bar en keuken bestieren. Zij vragen een gast die nogal luidruchtig met zijn zoon speelt om rekening te houden met de workshop Mindfulness die op dat moment op de zolderverdieping van de boerderij plaatsvindt. Aan de rand van het erf legt de tuingroep een composthoop aan en vlechten een hek van wilgentakken die de week daarvoor zijn gesnoeid op de naastgelegen begraafplaats Sint Barbara. Sommige takken zijn al kaalgevreten door de schapen en geiten. Bij vorst krijgen zij deze takken als ruwvoer. Door het weiland tussen de begraafplaats en de boerderij komt Rob aangelopen. De schapen en geiten volgen hem op de voet naar de stal, waar de dieren worden gevoerd. Bij de stal aangekomen, groet hij de twee mannen die zich daar omkleden voor het leegpompen van de greppels in het deels onder water gelopen weiland. Er wordt nog even nagepraat over de geit die de dag daarvoor door de schoonmaker uit een benarde positie was bevrijd; deze hing met een pootje aan de hoge ruif op de kar en kon met zijn andere pootje niet bij de grond. Sindsdien loopt het geitje mank, ze houdt haar rechtervoorpootje omhoog. Dit incident wordt het gesprek van de dag; alle vrijwilligers en bezoekers van de boerderij maken zich zorgen. Ze stellen vragen aan de schoonmaker, die in de noordelijke bergen van Irak tussen de geiten is opgegroeid, en geven – gevraagd en ongevraagd – adviezen aan de weilandwerkers.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Makran (Iran)"
1
Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Moharram D. Pirooz, Nasser H. Zaker, and Mohammad Mokhtari. "Modeling of Tsunami Propagation in the Vicinity of the Southern Coasts of Iran." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The extensive death toll and sever economical damages brought by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has emphasized the urgent need for assessing the hazard of tsunami in this ocean, and determining the most vulnerable coastlines to the impact of possible tsunami. In this paper the hazard of tsunami for southern coasts of Iran bordering the Indian Ocean is discussed. At first, historical data of tsunami occurrences on the Iranian southern coasts are collected, described and analyzed. Then, numerical simulation of potential tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone is performed and the tsunami wave height distribution along the Iranian coast is calculated. The Makran subduction zone is among two main tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean. In this zone the Oman oceanic plate subducts beneath the Iranian Micro-plate at an estimated rate of about 19 mm/yr. Historically, there is the potential for tsunami generation in this region and several tsunamis attacked the Makran coastlines in the past. The most recent tsunami in this region has occurred on 28 November 1945 which took the lives of more than 4000 people in the coasts of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman. Here we examine the seafloor uplift of the Makran zone and its potential for generating destructive tsunamis in the southern coastlines of Iran. Several earthquake scenarios with moment magnitudes ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 are used as initial conditions for analysis. For scenario of an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0, propagation of tsunami waves on coastlines and wave time histories in selected reference locations are calculated.
2
Grando, Gianluca, and Ken McClay. "Subduction-related deformation processes in the Makran accretionary prism, offshore Iran." In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.158.
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"Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard of Splay and Normal Faults in the Western Makran/Iran." In The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium. AIJR Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/abstracts.93.2.
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Khiabani Moghadam, Arash. "GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROLOGY OF GABBRO INTRUSIONS AND ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS FROM WESTERN MARGIN OF MAKRAN ACCRETIONARY WEDGE (COLOURED MELANGE) COMPLEX, SE IRAN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-348921.
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Dafrina, Armelia, Deassy Siska, and Maulana Hakiki. "Identifikasi Pengaruh Arsitektur Timur Tengah pada Desain Masjid Raya Pase Panton Labu." In Temu Ilmiah IPLBI 2021. Ikatan Peneliti Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32315/ti.9.i023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Perkembangan zaman memberikan pengaruh pada seni arsitektur, salah satunya perkembangan seni arsitektur pada masjid. berdasarkan dari bentuk sebuah masjid mengacu pada sejarah kejayaan dinasti Islam pada masa lampau yang meninggalkan bangunan masjid dengan karakteristik atau ciri-ciri bentuk masjid berdasarkan peninggalan beberapa masa yang berbeda yakni Abbasiyah (Mesir/Mesopotamia), Ummayah (Andalusia/Spanyol), Safavid (Iran), Mughal (India), Utsmaniyah (Turki).Timur Tengah merupakan istilah oleh bangsa Inggris untuk wilayah yang mayoritas umat Islam. Wilayah tersebut disebutkan berdasarkan Menteri Luar Negeri RI adalah Aljazair (Algeria), Arab Saudi, Emiran Arab, Irak, Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait, Libya, Mesir, Oman, Maroko, Qatar, Sudan, Palestina, Tunisia, dan Suriah. Masjid Raya Pase diidentifikasikan mendapat pengaruh bentuk dari Arsitektur Timur Tengah, berdasarkan elemen-elemen arsitektur Islam yang terdapat pada Masjid Raya Pase Panton Labu yaitu lengkungan, kubah, minaret, mimbar, mihrab dan ornamen (muqarnas). Wilayah Timur Tengah merupakan periode masjid pada dinasti masa kejayaan Abbasiyah dan Safavid maka karakteristik Masjid Raya Pase mendapat pengaruh masa Abbasiyah dan Safavid yang berkembang di wilayah Timur Tengah. Kata-kunci : identifikasi, elemen arsitektur islam, arsitektur Timur Tengah, masjid raya Pase