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Статті в журналах з теми "Major salinity tolerance"
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Hasegawa, Paul M., Ray A. Bressan, and Avtar K. Handa. "Cellular Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance." HortScience 21, no. 6 (December 1986): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Salinity is a significant limiting factor to agricultural productivity, impacting about 9 × 108 ha of the land surface on the earth, an area about 3 times greater than all of the land that is presently irrigated (17, 18). Reduced productivity occurs as a result of decreased yields on land that is presently cultivated [about one-third of all irrigated land is considered to be affected by salt (18, 45)], as well as due to the restriction of significant agricultural expansion into areas that presently are not cultivated. In the United States, salinity is a major limiting factor to agricultural productivity, and as the quality of irrigation water continues to decline this problem will become more acute (1, 56). About 1.8 million ha of land are salt-affected in California (56), the major agricultural state in the nation. Annual losses to crop production in the salt-affected areas, including the Imperial, Coachella, and San Joaquin valleys, are substantial and are increasing at a significant rate each year (56).
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Gupta, Bhaskar, and Bingru Huang. "Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization." International Journal of Genomics 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/701596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
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Cheeseman, John M., P. Bloebaum, Carol Enkoji, and Linda K. Wickens. "Salinity tolerance in Spergularia marina." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Attributes of the coastal halophyte Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. that make it useful for studies of the physiological basis for salt tolerance in fully autotrophic higher plants are discussed. Growth, morphological, and ion-content characteristics are presented to serve as a background for subsequent studies of transport physiology. Plants were grown in solution culture on dilutions of artificial seawater or on the same solution without NaCl ("fresh water") from the time at which they could be conveniently transferred as seedlings (about 2 weeks old) to the onset of flowering about 5 weeks later. Eighteen days after transfer, plants growing on 0.2 × seawater were larger, being nearly twice the size of plants on fresh water. A Na+ specific effect was indicated, as the major part of the growth stimulation (54%) resulted from a 1 mM NaCl supplementation of "fresh water." Succulence was not a consideration in the growth response: root length was directly proportional to weight as was leaf surface area and neither was affected by salinity. Total Na+ plus K+ per gram root or shoot showed little variation with salinity from 1 to 180 mM Na+ levels. In roots, the relative Na+ and K+ contents were also little affected by salinity, but in the shoots, increasing salinity resulted in higher Na+ and lower K+ contents. Distribution within the shoots of 0.2 × plants showed no regions either free of or exceptionally high in Na+. The ion content and distribution patterns are compared with those in a number of other halophytes.
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Alam, Md Sarowar, Mark Tester, Gabriele Fiene, and Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa. "Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.
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Sako, Kaori, Chien Van Ha, Akihiro Matsui, Maho Tanaka, Ayato Sato, and Motoaki Seki. "Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Treated with a New Compound Natolen128, Enhancing Salt Stress Tolerance." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity stress is a major threat to agriculture and global food security. Chemical priming is a promising approach to improving salinity stress tolerance in plants. To identify small molecules with the capacity to enhance salinity stress tolerance in plants, chemical screening was performed using Arabidopsis thaliana. We screened 6400 compounds from the Nagoya University Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecule (ITbM) chemical library and identified one compound, Natolen128, that enhanced salinity-stress tolerance. Furthermore, we isolated a negative compound of Natolen128, namely Necolen124, that did not enhance salinity stress tolerance, though it has a similar chemical structure to Natolen128. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis of Natolen128 and Necolen124 to investigate how Natolen128 enhances high-salinity stress tolerance. Our data indicated that the expression levels of 330 genes were upregulated by Natolen128 treatment compared with that of Necolen124. Treatment with Natolen128 increased expression of hypoxia-responsive genes including ethylene biosynthetic enzymes and PHYTOGLOBIN, which modulate accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) level. NO was slightly increased in plants treated with Natolen128. These results suggest that Natolen128 may regulate NO accumulation and thus, improve salinity stress tolerance in A. thaliana.
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Jha, Uday Chand, Abhishek Bohra, Rintu Jha, and Swarup Kumar Parida. "Salinity stress response and ‘omics’ approaches for improving salinity stress tolerance in major grain legumes." Plant Cell Reports 38, no. 3 (January 12, 2019): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02374-5.
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Bartels, Dorothea, and Challabathula Dinakar. "Balancing salinity stress responses in halophytes and non-halophytes: a comparison between Thellungiella and Arabidopsis thaliana." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 9 (2013): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that drastically reduces agricultural productivity. In natural environments salinity often occurs together with other stresses such as dehydration, light stress or high temperature. Plants cope with ionic stress, dehydration and osmotic stress caused by high salinity through a variety of mechanisms at different levels involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Halophytic plants exist successfully in stressful saline environments, but most of the terrestrial plants including all crop plants are glycophytes with varying levels of salt tolerance. An array of physiological, structural and biochemical adaptations in halophytes make them suitable models to study the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance. Comparative analysis of plants that differ in their abilities to tolerate salinity will aid in better understanding the phenomenon of salinity tolerance. The halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea has been used as a model for studying plant salt tolerance. In this review, T. salsuginea and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana are compared with regards to their biochemical, physiological and molecular responses to salinity. In addition recent developments are presented for improvement of salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants using genes from halophytes.
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Chen, Jen-Tsung, Ricardo Aroca, and Daniela Romano. "Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094918.
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Soren, Khela Ram, Praveen Madugula, Neeraj Kumar, Rutwik Barmukh, Meenu Singh Sengar, Chellapilla Bharadwaj, Parbodh Chander Sharma, et al. "Genetic Dissection and Identification of Candidate Genes for Salinity Tolerance Using Axiom®CicerSNP Array in Chickpea." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 5058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globally, chickpea production is severely affected by salinity stress. Understanding the genetic basis for salinity tolerance is important to develop salinity tolerant chickpeas. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed using parental lines ICCV 10 (salt-tolerant) and DCP 92-3 (salt-sensitive) was screened under field conditions to collect information on agronomy, yield components, and stress tolerance indices. Genotyping data generated using Axiom®CicerSNP array was used to construct a linkage map comprising 1856 SNP markers spanning a distance of 1106.3 cM across eight chickpea chromosomes. Extensive analysis of the phenotyping and genotyping data identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining up to 28.40% of the phenotypic variance in the population. We identified QTL clusters on CaLG03 and CaLG06, each harboring major QTLs for yield and yield component traits under salinity stress. The main-effect QTLs identified in these two clusters were associated with key genes such as calcium-dependent protein kinases, histidine kinases, cation proton antiporter, and WRKY and MYB transcription factors, which are known to impart salinity stress tolerance in crop plants. Molecular markers/genes associated with these major QTLs, after validation, will be useful to undertake marker-assisted breeding for developing better varieties with salinity tolerance.
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Hill*, Samuel C., and Cynthia B. McKenney. "Screening Landscape Roses for Salinity Tolerance." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 894D—894. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.894d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given the regularity of periods of drought in the southwestern U.S., concern over an ample supply of high quality water is always an issue. With a diminishing water supply, higher quality water will likely be diverted to higher priority uses; therefore, concern arises over the availability and quality of water for landscape use. This project was designed to screen representative cultivars from several of the major garden rose categories (China, Tea, Polyantha, Hybrid Tea, and Found Roses) for tolerance to saline irrigation water. Roses were placed in a completely randomized design with four replications in a container holding area. Salinity treatments were designed to be a 2:1 molar ratio of NaCl:CaCl2. The treatments consisted of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mmol NaCl. The volume of solution applied to each treatment was adjusted at every irrigation event to meet ET and produce a 30% leaching-fraction. At the conclusion of the study, the China rose retained the best foliage while one of the hybrid tea roses maintained flowering throughout the study at all treatment levels. It appears that the roses with the smallest leaflets were able to tolerate salinity better than those with larger leaflets. Results of the tissue sample, leachate, spad and media analyses will also be presented.
Дисертації з теми "Major salinity tolerance"
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Denny, Geoffrey Carlile. "Evaluation of selected provenances of taxodium distichum for drought, alkalinity and salinity tolerance." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1327.
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Rajendran, Karthika. "Components of salinity tolerance in wheat." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil salinity causes osmotic and ion specific stresses and significantly affects growth, yield and productivity of wheat. The visual symptoms of salinity stressed wheat include stunted shoot growth, dark green leaves with thicker laminar surfaces, wilting and premature leaf senescence. There are three major components of salinity tolerance that contribute to plant adaptation to saline soils: osmotic tolerance, Na⁺ exclusion and tissue tolerance. However, to date, research into improving the salinity tolerance of wheat cultivars has focused primarily on Na⁺ exclusion and little work has been carried out on osmotic or tissue tolerance. This was partly due to the subjective nature of scoring for plant health using the human eye. In this project, commercially available imaging equipment has been used to monitor and record the growth and health of salt stressed plants in a quantitative, non-biased and non-destructive way in order to dissect out the components of salinity tolerance. Using imaging technology, a high throughput salt screening protocol was developed to screen osmotic tolerance, Na⁺ exclusion and tissue tolerance of 12 different accessions of einkorn wheat (T. monococcum), including parents of the existing mapping populations. Three indices were used to measure the tolerance level of each of the three major components of salinity tolerance. It was identified that different lines used different combinations of the three major salinity tolerance components as a means of increasing their overall salinity tolerance. A positive correlation was observed between a plant’s overall salinity tolerance and its proficiency in Na⁺ exclusion, osmotic tolerance and tissue tolerance. It was also revealed that MDR 043 as the best osmotic and tissue tolerant parent and MDR 002 as a salt sensitive parent for further mapping work. Accordingly, the F₂ population of MDR 002 × MDR 043 was screened to understand the genetic basis of osmotic tolerance and tissue tolerance in T. monococcum. Wide variation in osmotic tolerance and tissue tolerance was observed amongst the progenies. The broad sense heritability for osmotic tolerance was identified as 0.82. Similar, salinity tolerance screening assays were used to quantify and identify QTL for major components of salinity tolerance in Berkut × Krichauff DH mapping population of bread wheat (T. aestivum). Phenotyping and QTL mapping for Na⁺ exclusion and osmotic tolerance has been successfully done in this mapping population. There existed a potential genetic variability for osmotic tolerance and Na⁺ exclusion in this mapping population. The broad sense heritability of osmotic tolerance was 0.70; whereas, it was 0.67 for Na⁺ exclusion. The composite interval mapping (CIM) identified a total of four QTL for osmotic tolerance on 1D, 2D and 5B chromosomes. For Na⁺ exclusion, CIM identified a total of eight QTL with additive effects for Na+ exclusion on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, 5A, 5B, 6B and 7A. However, there were QTL inconsistencies observed for both osmotic tolerance and Na⁺ exclusion across the three different experimental time of the year. It necessitates re-estimating the QTL effect and validating the QTL positions either in the same or different mapping population.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, 2012
Частини книг з теми "Major salinity tolerance"
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Majeed, Abdul, and Zahir Muhammad. "Salinity: A Major Agricultural Problem—Causes, Impacts on Crop Productivity and Management Strategies." In Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 83–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0_3.
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Onaga, Geoffrey, and Kerstin Wydra. "Recent understanding on molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress response and tolerance." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 1–23. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the recent significant perspectives on molecules involved in response and tolerance to drought and salinity, the 2 major abiotic stresses affecting crop production, and highlights major molecular components identified in major cereals.
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Kataria, Sunita, and Sandeep Kumar Verma. "Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptive Mechanisms in Major Glycophytic Crops: The Story So Far." In Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 1, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75671-4_1.
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Fernando, V. C. Dilukshi. "Major transcription factor families involved in salinity stress tolerance in plants." In Transcription Factors for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 99–109. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819334-1.00007-1.
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Hasanuzzaman, Mohammad. "Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice and Wheat: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism." In Plant Defense Mechanisms [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is a major obstacle to global grain crop production, especially rice and wheat. The identification and improvement of salt-tolerant rice and wheat depending upon the genetic diversity and salt stress response could be a promising solution to deal with soil salinity and the increasing food demands. Plant responses to salt stress occur at the organismic, cellular, and molecular levels and the salt stress tolerance in those crop plant involving (1) regulation of ionic homeostasis, (2) maintenance of osmotic potential, (3) ROS scavenging and antioxidant enzymes activity, and (4) plant hormonal regulation. In this chapter, we summarize the recent research progress on these four aspects of plant morpho-physiological and molecular response, with particular attention to ionic, osmolytic, enzymatic, hormonal and gene expression regulation in rice and wheat plants. Moreover, epigenetic diversity could emerge as novel of phenotypic variations to enhance plant adaptation to an adverse environmental conditions and develop stable stress-resilient crops. The information summarized here will be useful for accelerating the breeding of salt-tolerant rice. This information may help in studies to reveal the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, screen high efficiency and quality salt tolerance in crops.
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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, Khursheda Parvin, Taufika Islam Anee, Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud, and Farzana Nowroz. "Salt Stress Responses and Tolerance in Soybean." In Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soybean is one of the major oil crops with multiple uses which is gaining popularity worldwide. Apart from the edible oil, this crop provides various food materials for humans as well as feeds and fodder for animals. Although soybean is suitable for a wide range of soils and climates, it is sensitive to different abiotic stress such as salinity, drought, metal/metalloid toxicity, and extreme temperatures. Among them, soil salinity is one of the major threats to soybean production and the higher yield of soybean is often limited by salt stress. Salt stress negatively affects soybean seedling establishment, growth, physiology, metabolism, and the ultimate yield and quality of crops. At cellular level, salt stress results in the excess generation of reactive oxygen species and creates oxidative stress. However, these responses are greatly varied among the genotypes. Therefore, finding the precise plant responses and appropriate adaptive features is very important to develop salt tolerant soybean varieties. In this connection, researchers have reported many physiological, molecular, and agronomic approaches in enhancing salt tolerance in soybean. However, these endeavors are still in the primary stage and need to be fine-tuned. In this chapter, we summarized the recent reports on the soybean responses to salt stress and the different mechanisms to confer stress tolerance.
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Omondi, John Okoth. "Towards the Development of Salt-Tolerant Potato." In Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security, 850–64. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil salinity is a major constrain to crop production and climate change accelerates it. It reduces plant water potential, causes ion imbalance, reduce plant growth and productivity, and eventually leads to death of the plant. This is the case in potato. However, potato has coping strategies such as accumulation of proline, an osmoregulator and osmoprotector. In addition, leaching of salts below the root zone is preferred, exogenous application of ascorbic acid and growth hormones are practiced to combat salinity. Breeding and genetic engineering also play key roles in salinity management of potato. Varieties such as: Amisk, BelRus, Bintje, Onaway, Sierra, and Tobique were tolerant in North America, variety Cara in Egypt, Sumi in Korea and varieties Vivaldi and Almera in Mediterranean region. Transgenic lines of Kennebec variety, lines S2 and M48 also proved tolerance due to transcription factor MYB4 encoded by rice Osmyb4 gene.
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Omondi, John Okoth. "Towards the Development of Salt-Tolerant Potato." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change, 133–51. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil salinity is a major constrain to crop production and climate change accelerates it. It reduces plant water potential, causes ion imbalance, reduce plant growth and productivity, and eventually leads to death of the plant. This is the case in potato. However, potato has coping strategies such as accumulation of proline, an osmoregulator and osmoprotector. In addition, leaching of salts below the root zone is preferred, exogenous application of ascorbic acid and growth hormones are practiced to combat salinity. Breeding and genetic engineering also play key roles in salinity management of potato. Varieties such as: Amisk, BelRus, Bintje, Onaway, Sierra, and Tobique were tolerant in North America, variety Cara in Egypt, Sumi in Korea and varieties Vivaldi and Almera in Mediterranean region. Transgenic lines of Kennebec variety, lines S2 and M48 also proved tolerance due to transcription factor MYB4 encoded by rice Osmyb4 gene.
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Singh, Jogendra, Parbodh Chander Sharma, and Vijayata Singh. "Breeding Mustard (Brassica juncea) for Salt Tolerance: Problems and Prospects." In Brassica Breeding and Biotechnology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salt stress is currently one of the most critical factors, reducing agricultural production. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is a major oilseed crop in these areas. However, salt affects as much as 50–90% worldwide yield reduction. Salt tolerance is a very complex factor controlled by a number of independent and/or interdependent mechanisms and genetic modification that lead to many changes in physiology and biochemistry at the cellular level. The classical methods of plant breeding for salt tolerance involves the widespread use of inter and intraspecific variations in the available germplasm which is essential for any crop development program. This large germplasm is then tested under various salt levels in microplots, which is a quick, reliable, reproducible and inexpensive method of salt tolerance. Genotypes that have shown better indications of stress tolerance without significant yield reduction are considered to be tolerant and are also used as potential donor in the breeding programs. In this way, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CSSRI), Karnal developed and produced five varieties of Indian mustard that tolerate high salt namely, CS 52, CS 54, CS 56, CS 58 and CS 60 in the country, and many other high-quality pipeline lines exploration and development. These salt-tolerant species work better under conditions of salt stress due to various manipulations (physiology, genes and molecular level) to fight salt stress has led to detrimental effects. Recent molecular tools to add classical breeding systems to improve saline-tolerant mustard varieties in a short span of time, including the Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and backcrossing, that have helped using simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control the polygenic traits like tolerance of salt and seed yield.
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Mathivanan, Sivaji. "Abiotic Stress-Induced Molecular and Physiological Changes and Adaptive Mechanisms in Plants." In Abiotic Stress in Plants. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abiotic stress is the primary cause of crop loss worldwide, reducing average yields for most major crop plants by more than 50%. Among abiotic stress, drought, salinity, high temperature, and cold are major adverse environmental factors that limit the crop production and productivity by inhibiting the genetic potential of the plant. So, it leads to complete change of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular behavior of the plants and modifies regular metabolism of life, thereby adversely affecting plant productivity. Major effects of the drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and cold stress are often interconnected and form similar cellular damage. To adopt plants with various abiotic stresses, plants can initiate a number of molecular, cellular, and physiological changes in its system. Sensors are molecules that perceive the initial stress signal from the outside of the plant system and initiate a signaling cascade to transmit the signal and activate nuclear transcription factors to induce the expression of specific sets of genes. Understanding this molecular and physiological basis of plant responses produced because of abiotic stress will help in molecular and modern breeding applications toward developing improved stress-tolerant crops. This review presents an overview and implications of physiological and molecular aspects of main abiotic stress, i.e., drought, heat, salt, and cold. Potential strategies to improve abiotic tolerance in crops are discussed.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Major salinity tolerance"
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Herbert, Hommer, Reichenbach-Klinke Roland, Giesbrecht Russell, Lohateeraparp Prapas, Herman George, and Mai Kahnery. "Field Application of an Associative Polymer Reveals Excellent Polymer Injectivity." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200144-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Chemical EOR flooding using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is considered nowadays a state-of-the-art tertiary recovery process and has been conventionally applied on a full-field scale worldwide. The addition of these standard polymers improves the mobility of the injected fluid and thus maximize sweep; however, application is only limited to mild reservoir temperatures and low brine salinity ranges. Therefore, a more thermally stable and more resistant "associative polymers" were derived, by incorporating specific hydrophobic groups into the HPAM polymer backbone, to offer performance advantages with regards to viscosifying efficiency and salt tolerance when compared to the standard HPAM. However, only a handful of field cases were reported in the literature. Thus, this paper will present the unique application of this associative polymer technology in a field pilot for one of the major E&P companies and discusses the corresponding lab evaluations leading up to the field trial. To confirm the advantages of using associative polymer over of standard HPAM, rheology and filterability measurements were conducted. Moreover, linear coreflood experiments in presence of oil have been performed at target field conditions (low temperature and higher salinity) with various polymer concentrations. The resistance factors measured in the coreflood experiments indicated that 750 and 1,250 ppm of associative polymer and HPAM, respectively, are adequate to deliver the required mobility ratio of 1 and accordingly the oil recovery can be similar for the two different polymers at these concentrations. Moreover, dynamic adsorption measurements conducted at the same polymer concentration reveal a smooth propagation of the associative polymer through the porous medium. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the associative polymer offers a significant performance advantage over the HPAM due to the lower polymer dose required to achieve the target performance. After successful lab evaluations and in preparation for a multi-well pilot, a field injectivity trial was planned accordingly to test the propagation of the synthesized polymer in the reservoir. Subsequently, the selected associative polymer was successfully injected into the reservoir over a period of two months in two injectors at a steady injection rate of 50 and 300 m3/d. The measured well head pressures of the two injection wells was stable for the entire test duration, indicating a good polymer injectivity with no observed formation plugging. This newly developed associative polymer was proposed to the field's operator as a promising alternative solution to unlock additional reserves increase oil recovery and a full-field polymer flood expansion is planned next. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reported field trials with associative polymers and should facilitate field implementation of this technology.
Звіти організацій з теми "Major salinity tolerance"
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra, and Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.