Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Major Hazard Facilities"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Major Hazard Facilities".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Belokon, S. A., V. V. Vasil’ev, Yu N. Zolotukhin, A. S. Maltsev, M. A. Sobolev, M. N. Filippov, and A. P. Yan. "Automated supervisory control systems for major hazard facilities." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 47, no. 3 (June 2011): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699011030095.
2
Filippin, Katherine (Kate), and Lachlan Dreher. "Major hazard risk assessment for existing and new facilities." Process Safety Progress 23, no. 4 (2004): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10045.
3
Vandenberg, Erik. "Improving process safety for the operation of Major Hazard Facilities." APPEA Journal 63, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): S332—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj22041.
Анотація:
The discipline of process safety management has proven to be a valuable tool for assisting operators of Major Hazard Facilities (MHF) in focussing on the critically important ‘few’, with a heightened level of scrutiny than that of the ‘many’ lesser critical yet still important elements of a process system. This discipline attracts much oversight, discussion, and enthusiasm from many areas within and outside asset operations teams. Major Accident Hazards may vary in severity and probability throughout the life cycle of existing assets, it is, therefore, important to review these periodically. Clear purpose and definition of Safety Critical Elements (SCE), and in some cases Integrity Critical Elements (ICE), along with intelligent rationalisation of these to reflect the items of legitimate criticality, will allow higher precision and clarity, leading to higher confidence and an improved ability to manage genuine process safety risk. Further improvements can be made through real-time and near-time reporting through risk visualisation bowtie diagrams to ensure hazards can be managed to As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) and their status made visible to enable the most effective prioritisation of work which prioritises restoration of the most compromised threat and consequence barriers first.
4
Pearce, Andrew, David G. E. Caldicott, Nicholas A. Edwards, and Tony Eliseo. "Medical Awareness and Response to Incidents at Major Hazard Facilities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, S2 (December 2002): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00011122.
5
Kwag, Shinyoung, Jeong Gon Ha, Min Kyu Kim, and Jung Han Kim. "Development of Efficient External Multi-Hazard Risk Quantification Methodology for Nuclear Facilities." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203925.
Анотація:
Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of nuclear facilities on external multi-hazards has become a major issue after the Fukushima accident in 2011. However, the existing external hazard PSA methodology is for single hazard events and cannot cover the impact of multi-hazards. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology for quantifying multi-hazard risks for nuclear energy plants. Specifically, we developed an efficient multi-hazard PSA methodology based on the probability distribution-based Boolean algebraic approach and sampling-based method, which are currently single-hazard PSA methodologies. The limitations of the probability distribution-based Boolean algebraic approach not being able to handle partial dependencies between the components are solved through this sampling-based method. In addition, we devised an algorithm that was more efficient than the existing algorithm for improving the limits of the current sampling-based method, as it required a significant computational time. The proposed methodology was applied from simple examples to single- and multi-hazard PSA examples of actual nuclear power plants. The results showed that the proposed methodology was verified in terms of accuracy and efficiency perspectives. Regarding the sampling-based method, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm yielded fragility and risk results that have similar degrees of accuracy, even though it extracted a smaller number of samples than the existing algorithm.
6
Johari, K. A., and A. Ramli. "Major Accident Hazard in Bioprocess Facilities: A Challenge To Sustainable Industrial Development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 736 (March 5, 2020): 022005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/736/2/022005.
7
Choi, Eujeong, Shinyoung Kwag, Jeong-Gon Ha, and Daegi Hahm. "Development of a Two-Stage DQFM to Improve Efficiency of Single- and Multi-Hazard Risk Quantification for Nuclear Facilities." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041017.
Анотація:
The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of a nuclear power plant (NPP) under single and multiple hazards is one of the most important tasks for disaster risk management of nuclear facilities. To date, various approaches—including the direct quantification of the fault tree using the Monte Carlo simulation (DQFM) method—have been employed to quantify single- and multi-hazard risks to nuclear facilities. The major advantage of the DQFM method is its applicability to a partially correlated system. Other methods can represent only an independent or a fully correlated system, but DQFM can quantify the risk of partially correlated system components by the sampling process. However, as a sampling-based approach, DQFM involves computational costs which increase as the size of the system and the number of hazards increase. Therefore, to improve the computational efficiency of the conventional DQFM, a two-stage DQFM method is proposed in this paper. By assigning enough samples to each hazard point according to its contribution to the final risk, the proposed two-stage DQFM can effectively reduce computational costs for both single- and multi-hazard risk quantification. Using examples of single- and multi-hazard threats to nuclear facilities, the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage DQFM is successfully demonstrated. Especially, two-stage DQFM saves computation time of conventional DQFM up to 72% for multi-hazard example.
8
Simpson, Melinda, and Neil Tooley. "Setting up for success for mobilisation to major hazard facilities—a contractor's perspective." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14057.
Анотація:
The challenges for a contractor to mobilise to a major hazard facility come from differences in expectations between stakeholders, gaps and inconsistencies between health, safety and environment (HSE) management systems, and the logistical challenges of initial training and competency verification. Differences in expectations can arise between the corporate office and site or also between various functional silos. HSE management system challenges manifest in the detailed procedures when the safety case is in operation. Training and competency assessment is an ongoing requirement, but the initial demand at first mobilisation creates a one-off logistical burden. The steps to lessen the impact of these challenges and to enable a successful outcome include: alignment workshops with customers and other stakeholders to create a shared safety culture and expectations of management systems; joint HSE management system gap analysis and risk workshops; early interface meetings with stakeholders; and, requirements having a comprehensive definition and pre-planning to deliver best practice. A successful mobilisation is characterised by the alignment of systems, improvements made during the alignment process by delivering best practice, meeting all HSE obligations for employees (including seconded personnel and sub-contractors), bridging the gap with sub-contractor management when implementing the safety case, and having all personnel trained before mobilisation. This extended abstract draws on lessons from recent real-world experience and offers a framework to overcome challenges a contractor can encounter, and sets up successful mobilisation for a major hazard facility.
9
Kim, Beom-Jin, Minkyu Kim, Daegi Hahm, Junhee Park, and Kun-Yeun Han. "Probabilistic Flood Assessment Methodology for Nuclear Power Plants Considering Extreme Rainfall." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092600.
Анотація:
Abnormal weather conditions due to climate change are currently increasing on both global and local scales. It is therefore important to ensure the safety of the areas where major national facilities are located by analyzing risk quantitatively and re-evaluating the existing major facilities, such as nuclear power plants, considering the load and capacity of extreme flood conditions. In this study, a risk analysis method is developed that combines flood hazard curves with fragility curves using hydraulic and hydrological models by GIS tools and the @RISK model for the probabilistic flood analysis of nuclear power plant sites. A two-dimensional (2D) analysis is first carried out to estimate flood depths in various watershed scenarios, and a representative hazard curve for both external and internal flooding is made by applying a verified probability distribution type for the flood watersheds. For the analysis of flooding within buildings, an internal grid is constructed using GIS with related design drawings, and based on the flood depth results of the 2D analysis, a hazard curve for the representative internal inundation using a verified probability distribution type is presented. In the present study, walkdowns with nuclear experts are conducted around the nuclear power plant area to evaluate the fragile structures and facilities under possible flooding. After reviewing the 2D inundation analysis results based on the selected major equipment and facilities, the zones requiring risk assessment are re-assigned. A fragility curve applying probability distribution for the site’s major equipment and facilities is also presented. Failure risk analysis of the major facilities is then conducted by combining the proposed hazard and fragility curves. Results in the form of quantitative values are obtained, and the indicators for risks as well as the reliability and optimal measures to support decision-making are also presented. Through this study, it is confirmed that risk assessment based on the proposed probabilistic flood analysis technique is possible for flood events occurring at nuclear power plant sites.
10
Ndejjo, Rawlance, Geofrey Musinguzi, Xiaozhong Yu, Esther Buregyeya, David Musoke, Jia-Sheng Wang, Abdullah Ali Halage, et al. "Occupational Health Hazards among Healthcare Workers in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/913741.
Анотація:
Objective.To assess the occupational health hazards faced by healthcare workers and the mitigation measures.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative data collection methods among 200 respondents who worked in 8 major health facilities in Kampala.Results.Overall, 50.0% of respondents reported experiencing an occupational health hazard. Among these, 39.5% experienced biological hazards while 31.5% experienced nonbiological hazards. Predictors for experiencing hazards included not wearing the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), working overtime, job related pressures, and working in multiple health facilities. Control measures to mitigate hazards were availing separate areas and containers to store medical waste and provision of safety tools and equipment.Conclusion.Healthcare workers in this setting experience several hazards in their workplaces. Associated factors include not wearing all necessary protective equipment, working overtime, experiencing work related pressures, and working in multiple facilities. Interventions should be instituted to mitigate the hazards. Specifically PPE supply gaps, job related pressures, and complacence in adhering to mitigation measures should be addressed.
Дисертації з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Tannous, Scarlett. "An integrated framework to assess the “effectiveness” of risk-related public policies for high-risk chemical and petrochemical sites : A comparative study in France and Australia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD034%22.
Анотація:
Les sites industriels à haut risque (ex. Seveso Seuil Haut (SH) ou installations classées à risques majeurs (MHF)) sont classées par des législations et des réglementations comme les sites les plus dangereux. En d’autres termes, en cas d’accident majeur, les dommages peuvent être importants même si c’est rare d’avoir un tel accident. Les politiques de prévention des risques et de gestion de crise sont un moyen de les prévenir tout en maintenant la vitalité économique du secteur industriel. Ces compromis constituent un défi majeur pour les gouvernements et les différents acteurs publics, qui ont pour rôle principal de protéger leurs citoyens et d’améliorer leur bien-être social en prenant des décisions politiques et en développant des politiques “effective” de prévention des risques de gestion de crise. Mais comment peut-on évaluer cette “effectivité” et que signifie-t-elle ? Certes, en fin de compte, une politique de prévention des risques doit réduire les risques et prévenir les accidents (ex., efficacité), mais quels sont les aspects qui conditionnent cette performativité ? Certaines réponses à ces questions pluridisciplinaires peuvent être trouvées dans les différents axes de recherche de l’administration publique, des sciences de la décision, du risque, de la sécurité et de la recherche réglementaire. En ce qui concerne les politiques publiques, les études soulignent les lacunes liées (i) au rôle d’une gouvernance effective des risques et (ii) au rôle crucial lié à la performativité de l’inspection, de la supervision ou du suivi, qui est souvent négligé en dépit de son importance. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de répondre, par une approche ascendante, à la question de recherche suivante : Comment le “système de politique de prévention des risques” autour des sites industriels à haut risque peut-il être évalué pour un processus de décision effective en prenant en considération les niveaux territoriaux tels que le niveau Régional pour la France et le niveau de l’État pour l’Australie ?Basée sur des approches qualitatives, cette thèse vise à proposer un cadre d’évaluation multicritère servant à la réflexion conceptuelle et au cadrage des problèmes pour l’évaluation de la politique des risques. Elle suggère d’adopté la complexité d’un système de politique publique de prévention et de gestion des risques qui combine (i) un système organisationnel et de gouvernance ; et (ii) un système réglementaire ou normatif ; et (iii) un système d’outils/instruments pratiques. Le cadre d’évaluation est ensuite testé et enrichi à travers deux études de cas qualitatives dans la Région de Normandie (France) et dans l’État de Victoria (Australie), deux divisions administratives où il existe un nombre important de sites à haut risque. Les principales contributions comprennent (i) un cadre d’évaluation de plus de dix critères associés à des questions pratiques adaptées aux contextes des sites industriels à haut risque. Ils incluent des conditions de légitimité et de validité telles que l’efficacité, la transparence, etc. ; et (ii) deux évaluations descriptives approfondies des systèmes Normand et Victorien permettant de déduire certaines des principales variabilités dans l’effectivité de leurs deux systèmes. Certaines limites concernent la généralisation, le champ d’application et la représentativité sont discutés. Les travaux futurs pousseront à tester et enrichir ce cadre sur d’autres cas, à explorer les sites qui se trouvent aux frontières législatives et réglementaires, à examiner les interrelations et les dépendances entre les critères et à explorer les méthodes d’agrégation qui servirait à la formalisation de ce cadreHigh-risk industrial sites (e.g., Seveso Upper Tier (UT) and Major Hazard Facilities (MHF)) are classified by legislation and regulations as the most dangerous sites. In other words, in case of a major accident, damage can be significant even if it is supposed to occur rarely. Risk prevention and crisis management policies are one way to prevent that while sustaining the economic vitality of the industrial sector. These trade-offs constitute a major challenge for governments and public actors, who have a primary role in protecting their citizens and improving their social well-being by taking political decisions and developing “effective” risk prevention and crisis management policies.How can we assess such policy “effectiveness” and what does it mean? Ultimately, a risk policy must reduce risks and prevent major accidents (e.g., efficacy), but what other aspects condition such performativity? Some answers to these multidisciplinary questions can be found in public administration, management and decision sciences, risk, safety, and regulatory research areas. Under the public policy dimension, studies emphasize gaps related to (i) the role of effective risk governance and (ii) the central role of inspection, oversight, or monitoring performance, which is often overlooked despite its importance. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to answer with a bottom-up approach the following research question: How can the “risk policy system” around high-risk sites be assessed for an effective decision process taking into consideration the territorial levels such as the Regional level for France and the State level for Australia?Based on qualitative approaches, this thesis aims to propose a multicriteria assessment framework serving conceptual thinking and problem framing for risk policy assessment. It suggests embracing the complexity of a system that combines (i) an organizational and governance system, (ii) a regulatory or normative system, and (iii) a system of practical tools/instruments. The assessment framework is also tested through two qualitative case studies in the Normandy Region (France) and the State of Victoria (Australia), which are both areas where a significant number of high-risk facilities exist.Main contributions include (i) an assessment framework of more than ten criteria coupled with practical questions adapted to the contexts of high-risk industrial sites. They include conditions for legitimacy and validity such as efficacy, transparency, adequacy, and so on; and (ii) two in-depth descriptive assessments of the Normand and Victorian risk policy systems allow us to deduce some main variabilities in their system’s effectiveness. Some limitations appear to concern generalization, scoping, and representativity aspects. Future work encourages testing this framework on other cases, exploring the groups of facilities at the legislative and regulatory boundaries, examining the inter-relationships and dependencies between criteria, and exploring the aggregation methods that can serve the formalization of this framework
Книги з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Hawley, Mark, and John Cunning, eds. Guidelines for Mine Waste Dump and Stockpile Design. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486303519.
Анотація:
Guidelines for Mine Waste Dump and Stockpile Design is a comprehensive, practical guide to the investigation, design, operation and monitoring of mine waste dumps, dragline spoils and major stockpiles associated with large open pit mines. These facilities are some of the largest man-made structures on Earth, and while most have performed very well, there are cases where instabilities have occurred with severe consequences, including loss of life and extensive environmental and economic damage.
Developed and written by industry experts with extensive knowledge and experience, this book is an initiative of the Large Open Pit (LOP) Project. It comprises 16 chapters that follow the life cycle of a mine waste dump, dragline spoil or stockpile from site selection to closure and reclamation. It describes the investigation and design process, introduces a comprehensive stability rating and hazard classification system, provides guidance on acceptability criteria, and sets out the key elements of stability and runout analysis. Chapters on site and material characterisation, surface water and groundwater characterisation and management, risk assessment, operations and monitoring, management of ARD, emerging technologies and closure are included. A chapter is also dedicated to the analysis and design of dragline spoils.
Guidelines for Mine Waste Dump and Stockpile Design summarises the current state of practice and provides insight and guidance to mine operators, geotechnical engineers, mining engineers, hydrogeologists, geologists and other individuals that are responsible at the mine site level for ensuring the stability and performance of these structures.
Readership includes mining engineers, geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, engineering geologists, hydrogeologists, environmental scientists, and other professionals involved in the site selection, investigation, design, permitting, construction, operation, monitoring, closure and reclamation of mine waste dumps and stockpiles.
Частини книг з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Hunt, R. J. "Major Changes in Spectral Shapes for Critical Facilities in Central and Eastern United States." In Seismic Hazard Design Issues in the Central United States, 91–100. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413203.ch07.
2
Amendola, Aniello. "Risk Assessment Within the Control Process of Major Accident Hazards." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 223–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_21.
3
"Management of Major Hazard Facilities." In Process Systems Risk Management, 515–50. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5970(05)80015-3.
4
Vuillaume, P. "Explosive facilities – a major hazard in urban areas." In Explosives and Blasting Technique, 73–78. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833476.ch9.
5
Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. "Reductionist Approaches to Risk." In Acceptable Evidence. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089295.003.0018.
Анотація:
Many Americans, sensitized by the media to the dangers of cigarette smoking, have been appalled to discover on their visits to the Far East that most adult Chinese smoke. The Chinese, on the other hand, consume little alcohol and have expressed bewilderment about the hazardous and excessive drinking in the West. Differences in risk acceptance, however, are not merely cross cultural. Within a given country, some persons are scuba divers, hang gliders, or motorcyclists, and some are not; there are obvious discrepancies in attitudes toward individual risk. At the level of societal risk—for example, from nuclear power, toxic dumps, and liquefied natural gas facilities—different persons also exhibit analogous disparities in their hazard evaluations. In this chapter I shall argue that two of the major accounts of societal risk acceptance are highly questionable. Both err because of fundamental flaws in their conception of knowledge. This means that to understand the contemporary controversy over societal risk, we need to accomplish a philosophical task, that is, to uncover the epistemologies assumed by various participants in the conflict. Proponents of both positions err, in part, because they are reductionistic and because they view as irrational the judgments of citizens who are risk averse. After showing why both views are built on highly doubtful philosophical presuppositions, I shall argue in favor of a middle position that I call scientific proceduralism. An outgrowth of Karl Popper's views, this account is based on the notion that objectivity in hazard assessment requires that risk judgments be able to withstand criticism by scientists and lay people affected by the risks. Hence the position is sympathetic to many populist attitudes toward involuntary and public hazards. Although scientific proceduralism is not the only reasonable view that one might take regarding risk, I argue that it is at least a rational one. And if so, then rational behavior should not be defined purely in terms of the assessments of either the cultural relativists or the naive positivists. Most importantly, risk experts should not "write off" the common person. Because hazard assessment is dominated by these two questionable positions, it is reasonable to ask whether criticizing them threatens the value of quantified risk analysis (QRA). Indeed, many of those allegedly speaking "for the people," as I claim to be doing, are opposed to scientific and analytic methods of assessing environmental dangers.
6
Miller, Harvey J., and Shih-Lung Shaw. "Transportation, Environment, and Hazards." In Geographic Information Systems for Transportation, 341–79. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195123944.003.0010.
Анотація:
Abstract Transportation facilities and systems are major sources of environmental degradation and risk in modern societies. Building transportation facilities requires major alterations to the physical environment, often creating negative impacts on sensitive environmental features and hydrological systems and visual blight in natural or historical areas. Automobile-oriented transportation systems are a major source of energy consumption and air pollution. Transportation systems also have an inherent degree of risk due to accidents, potentially causing harm to individuals and property.
7
Buck, S. "Decommissioning nuclear facilities." In The Nuclear Fuel Cycle from Ore to Wastes, 229–51. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198565406.003.0012.
Анотація:
Abstract Nuclear facilities at the end of their useful lives cannot merely be abandoned. The site may be needed for other purposes, amenity must be preserved, and above all else, the public must be protected from any remaining hazards. Decommissioning is a major world-wide task: the IAEA has estimated that some 50 nuclear power plants and over 220 research reactors are already shut down, by the year 2000 a further 40 and 230 respectively will be at least 30 years old,la and supporting facilities, such as the successive British Magnox reprocessing plants, must eventually be included.
8
Sharp, John V., Mamdouh Salama, Gerhard Ersdal, and Alexander Stacey. "Life Extension and Integrity Management of Ageing Pipelines." In Ageing and Life Extension of Offshore Facilities, 233–39. ASME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.885789_ch17.
Анотація:
There are large number of export pipelines installed and operating worldwide, conveying fluids from offshore fields to available land-based processing facilities. Many of these pipelines have now exceeded that original design life and are now in an ageing phase. There are two main time dependent degradation mechanisms for pipeline, namely corrosion and fatigue. Consideration of these is critical in establishing the safe operating life of a pipeline, whether it is the original life or the extended life. In addition, there are other degradation mechanisms, such as erosion and accidental damage, for example from trawl boards or extreme storms. Operational pressure fluctuations and changes such as the hydrocarbon composition can also be a major source of long-term degradation. An example would be the presence of H2S, due to reservoir souring with time. This may give rise to sulphide stress corrosion cracking for pipelines that are not originally designed for sour service. Pipeline integrity management is a key process to ensure continuing safety and loss prevention, which is particularly important for ageing pipelines. Assessment of pipeline integrity can be conducted using several industry standards and guidelines. In many countries, pipelines that can cause a major accident or loss require regulatory approval. For example, in the UK this includes the preparation of a ‘major accident prevention document’, which assesses hazards, evaluates risk, together with a safety management system. Inspection of pipelines has developed over many years enabling damage to be detected effectively, both internally and externally. Monitoring of fluids is also undertaken on a regular basis, to provide data on the condition of the line. Repair of damage pipelines has been undertaken using both welding and clamp technology. Robotic repair of damaged pipelines is also developing. This paper will investigate the required assessment process for the life extension of ageing pipelines and the integrity management of these in the life extension phase, which requires a similar treatment to the assessment and management of aging structures.
9
"Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems." In Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems, edited by Michael S. Spranger and Donald L. Jackson. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874011.ch14.
Анотація:
<em>Abstract</em>.—Between 2004 and 2005, eight major hurricanes hit the Gulf of Mexico coast. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama while six hurricanes over this period impacted Florida. In the aftermath of these storms, it was discovered that assessments of, and assistance to, the marine and fishing communities were not being met. Steps were taken to bring more aid to these communities in the future. In January 2006, a training workshop was developed and held for Sea Grant personnel in the Gulf of Mexico to develop the specialized marine action assessment response team (SMART) concept. SMART is an ad hoc group of trained Sea Grant professionals dedicated to assisting the marine industries in preparation and recovery efforts related to emergencies and disasters. A primary objective for SMART is to assist the marine community in coping with the impacts of hurricanes and other storm events. A second purpose is to conduct cause-and-effect research on storm-related damage to marine facilities, boats, and waterfront areas. Such research can be used for future education efforts within the industry and for the public.
10
Oluwagbemi, Olugbenga Oluseun, Synora Barretto, and Omowunmi Isafiade. "NOVESHIA: Novel Smart Health Informatics Architecture to Cater for the Emotional and Mental Wellbeing of England NHS Workers in the United Kingdom." In Intelligent Environments 2024: Combined Proceedings of Workshops and Demos & Videos Session. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aise240016.
Анотація:
One of the major day-to-day problems confronting NHS health workers in the United Kingdom is the one that conflicts with their emotional and mental wellness. This is because of various factors, namely, huge workloads because of higher number of patients, which currently leads to long waiting times, overstretched health facilities, understaffing, stress experienced during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, workplace abuses, bullying, harassments, discrimination, and stigmatization based on race, gender, sexual preferences, and exposure to occupational hazards, amongst others. The aim of this research is to propose a smart health informatics architecture that will be useful in promoting emotional and mental wellness among National Health System (NHS) Workers in the United Kingdom. The aim of this prPoject was achieved through the following objectives: (i) survey of current causes of emotional and mental health challenges and needs to solve the problem, amongst NHS workers in England. (ii) designing of a web-based app to assist healthcare professionals cater for emotional and mental challenges (iii) evaluating the web-based app and (iv) proposing a novel Smart Health Architecture for emotional and Mental Wellness for National Health System (NHS) Workers in England, United Kingdom. The significance of this smart architecture cannot be over emphasized. This newly proposed smart health architecture will assist NHS staff to overcome emotional and mental health challenges, especially during, before and after major global pandemic.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Guinard, L., S. Parey, H. Cordier, and L. Grammosenis. "Impact of Climate Change on EDF’s Nuclear Facilities: Climate Watch Approach." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16186.
Анотація:
Abstract According to the Periodic Safety Review Process, the safety level is re-assessed every ten years, considering national and international operational feedback, evolution of knowledge and best available practices. Protection against natural hazards is part of this safety level re-assessment. In the current global change context, climate change impact has to be integrated in external natural hazards estimations, such as climatic hazards or external flooding. EDF has consequently implemented a climate watch approach. Undertaken approximately every 5 years, roughly in line with the publication of the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and with the update of safety licensing basis during Periodic Safety Reviews, this approach is intended to: - revisit the climatic hazards which present a plausible or certain upward trend, and could lead to an increased reference hazard level, - monitor the reach of target levels which should trigger a thorough analysis (concept of Major Climate Event) to ensure the robustness of the reference hazard level between two periodic reviews. This climate watch approach is developed in partnership with the scientific community and is based on the following activities: - compile and analyze datasets on hazards that are subject to changes with climate change (observed and modelled time series), - develop knowledge of associated climatic phenomena (models, projections). The application of this approach is presented in two steps: - the key implications of the last climate watch exercise carried out in 2015, which identified climatic hazards whose evolution is unfavorable and is plausible or certain for the sites of EDF NPPs: ○ High air and water temperatures (for the “heat wave” hazard) ○ Sea level (for the “external flooding” hazard for coastal or estuary sites) ○ Drought or « low flow » hazard for fluvial sites; - the results obtained for the 900 MW units, for which EDF started the 4th periodic safety review in 2019. Such an approach, which is closely linked to periodic reviews, ensures the robustness of nuclear power plants to the climatic hazards through the consideration of the updated hazard levels.
2
Blyukher, Boris. "Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment for Pressure Systems." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1921.
Анотація:
There have been many instances where serious injuries and fatalities have resulted from over-pressurization, thermal stress, asphyxiation and other potential hazards associated with testing, handling and storage of compressed gases and pressure facilities at numerous production and research facilities. These hazards are major issues that should be addressed in system design and in materials selection appropriate for high pressure applications. Potential hazards may be mitigated through system analysis and design process which are the major factors in preventing thermal/pressure hazards caused by possible leaks and fragmentation, in the case of rupture. This paper presents a conceptual model and framework for developing a safety analysis which will reduce potential hazards, accidents and legal liabilities. The proposed systematic approach allows to identify hazards provide timely documentation of potential hazards and risks associated with systems, facilities, and equipment. As a result of this hazard analysis process, provisions and actions for hazard prevention and control have been put in place, and all identifiable potential hazards can be reduced to a low risk level.
3
Butenweg, Christoph, Oreste S. Bursi, Chiara Nardin, Igor Lanese, Alberto Pavese, Marko Marinković, Fabrizio Paolacci, and Gianluca Quinci. "Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Performance of a Multi-Component System for Major-Hazard Industrial Facilities." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61696.
Анотація:
Abstract Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behaviour of the test structure and of its relative several installations is investigated. Furthermore, both process components and primary structure interactions are considered and analyzed. Several PGA-scaled artificial ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and describes the obtained damage. Furthermore, important findings for the definition of performance limits, the effectiveness of floor response spectra in industrial facilities will be presented and discussed.
4
Decarli, Luca, Anna Crivellari, Laura La Rosa, Enrico Zio, Francesco Di Maio, Oscar Scapinello, and Luca Martinoia. "Multihazard Risk Aggregation Approach for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Upstream Oil and Gas Facilities." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207276-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract For the design and operation of Oil and Gas (O&G) facilities, a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) should be performed to quantify the risk of major accidents due to multiple hazards and sources at the plant level, thus allowing the effective identification and allocation of safety barriers. In this work, a novel approach for the multi-hazard and multi-source aggregation of risks is proposed, accounting for the uncertainties typically unexpressed in a conventional QRA (both on the frequency and severity of the accidental scenarios). The multi-hazard risk assessment framework proposed is applied to assess the Location-Specific Individual Risk (LSIR) for a representative Upstream O&G plant (case study), using a model based on multistate Bayesian Networks (BNs) for different functional units, each one undergoing an initiating event of Loss Of Primary Containment (LOPC). Estimates of frequency and severity for each possible accident scenario are aggregated to eventually calculate the overall LSIR. Moreover, LSIR's confidence intervals are provided to describe the uncertainty associated to the estimates, and the frequency and severity contributions to risk are derived for targeted prioritization of the safety barriers in view of the risk reduction.
5
Steele, John L., and Evaristo J. Bonano. "Web-Based Risk and Hazard Identification and Screening." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1027.
Анотація:
Abstract Organizations, both in the private and public sector, need to avoid to the extent practicable, workplace hazards and minimize the associated risks in order to comply with regulations. However, they have also recognized that this is a sound business practice that could result in significant cost savings by avoiding fines and penalties due to non-compliance and enhanced productivity. Consequently, many organizations have instituted safe work practices into their operations and those practices have become a major criterion in evaluating managers’ performance. This new philosophy is now commonly referred to as “Integrated Safety Management.” Per the direction of the Secretary of Energy, all U. S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) facilities across the country have been instructed to implement an Integrated Safety Management System. Different DOE facilities have taken various approaches to the implementation of the system. This paper describes the approach instituted at Sandia National Laboratories and a tool that was developed from lessons learned during that effort. The tool is the cornerstone for implementing an Integrated Safety Management System in a time and cost-effective manner. The tool is now commercially available and can be readily rendered applicable to any type of systematic assessment process.
6
Corrales, Julian Javier, Hugo Alberto García, Mauricio Gallego Silva, and Elkin Gerardo Avila. "Study for the Determination of Seismic Hazard for the Ocensa Oil Pipeline." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8538.
Анотація:
The Andes mountain range crosses South America from South to North, is created by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate, this situation generates a high seismic and volcanic activity which have been decisive in shaping the relief of the continent. The OCENSA pipeline crosses the Andes Mountains on its way to transport crude from the oil fields of the eastern plains to the port of Coveñas on the Caribbean Sea. Therefore for the integrity department of Ocensa the assessment of seismic hazard is among one of its priorities. In this paper the results of the study in Ocensa for determination of seismic hazard for the pipeline and its major facilities are presented.
7
Han, Dae Suk, Gyusung Kim, Woo Seung Sim, Young Sik Jang, and Hyun Soo Shin. "Practical Considerations for the Structural Analysis of Offshore Topside Structures Under Gas Explosion Accidents." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83667.
Анотація:
Gas explosion accidents have been recognized as a major hazard of offshore facilities in oil & gas industries. Due to the nature of offshore topside structures, even a single collapse of structural members or equipments may lead to enormous economic and environmental losses. Therefore, such potential hazards that cause the accidental collapse need to be evaluated closely. Gas explosion has been categorized as an important issue of the design of offshore structures regarding the severity of the accident. This paper presents practical considerations for the nonlinear dynamic structural analysis of offshore structures under blast loadings from gas explosion accidents. Numerical investigations including modeling of blast loads and idealization of structural materials and members have been conducted for the overall topside structures. As a design step for offshore structures under blast loadings, an applicable guidance on the finite element analysis (FEA) is described in this study.
8
Forsberg, C. W., M. Gorensek, S. Herring, and P. Pickard. "Safety Related Physical Phenomena for Coupled High-Temperature Reactors and Hydrogen Production Facilities." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58223.
Анотація:
High-temperature reactors are a potential low-carbon source of high-temperature heat for chemical plants—including hydrogen production plants and refineries. Unlike electricity, high temperature heat can only be transported limited distances; thus, the reactor and chemical plants will be close to each other. A critical issue is to understand potential safety challenges to the reactor from the associated chemical plant events to assure nuclear plant safety. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) recently sponsored a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise to identify potential safety-related physical phenomena for high-temperature reactors coupled to a hydrogen production or similar chemical plant. The ranking process determines what types of chemical plant transients and accidents could present the greatest risks to the nuclear plant and thus the priorities for safety assessments. The assessment yielded four major observations. Because the safety philosophy for most chemical plants (dilution) is different than the safety philosophy for nuclear power plants (containment), this difference must be recognized and understood when considering safety challenges to a nuclear reactor from coupled chemical plants or refineries. Accidental releases of hydrogen from a hydrogen production facility are unlikely to be a major hazard for the nuclear plant assuming some minimum separation distances. Many chemical plants under accident conditions can produce heavy ground-hugging gases such as oxygen, corrosive gases, and toxic gases that can have major off-site consequences because of the ease of transport from the chemical plant to off-site locations. Oxygen presents a special concern because most proposed nuclear hydrogen processes convert water into hydrogen and oxygen; thus, oxygen is the primary byproduct. These types of potential accidents must be carefully accessed. Last, the potential consequences of the failure of the intermediate heat transport loop that moves heat from the reactor to the chemical plant must be carefully assessed.
9
Minagawa, Keisuke, and Fabrizio Paolacci. "Passive Control Techniques for Seismic Protection of Chemical Plants." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21226.
Анотація:
Abstract Seismic damage of chemical plant facilities (pressure vessels, piping, storage tanks, etc..) can causes human and economic losses as well as heavy environmental damages. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to reduce such a consequences. The passive control techniques (PCT) as dampers or base isolation can represent an effective technique to mitigate the major damage caused by earthquakes. Viscous dampers, tuned mass dampers and base isolators are well-known passive control devices successfully applied to civil structures, as demonstrated during the last big events as Northridge earthquake in 1994, the Kobe earthquake in 1995, the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011. The scarce application to major hazard industrial facilities as chemical plants poses some questions, including the selection of suitable devices, their real applicability and effectiveness, because of the strict requirements of chemical plant equipment in terms of safety and business continuity. Therefore, this study aim at analyzing the possible applications of the most renew passive control techniques for seismic protection for chemical plant components. In this respect, a complete review of typical seismic damage of industrial (chemical) facilities and the investigation of the applicability of PCT as mitigation strategy is offered for all possible structural typologies of units presents in a plant.
10
Bragatto, Paolo, Corrado Delle Site, Maria Francesca Milazzo, Annalisa Pirone, and Maria Rosaria Vallerotonda. "Managing Pressure Equipment Aging in Plants With Major Accident Hazard: A Methodology Satisfying the Requirements of the European Directive 2012/18/UE Seveso III." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84687.
Анотація:
Attention to be paid to the aging of industrial facilities has been growing in the last ten years, both by public authorities and industrial executives. Many process plants, operating in Europe, have reached or exceeded their project nominal life and the safe management of aging is an urgent question. Failures, due to aged chemical process plants, cause the release of hazardous materials with severe consequences for people and workers. To counteract this phenomenon, plant operators carry out many technical activities, including non-destructive controls on piping and vessels, by adopting sophisticated methods (e.g. Risk Based Inspection RBI). The European Directive 2012/18/UE (Seveso III) for the control of Major Accident Hazard (MAH) introduced a few requirements for the safe aging of critical equipment, which must be verified during mandatory audits. The aim of this work is to present a synthetic methodology that can be useful for both Seveso auditors and industrial managers for evaluating the adequacy of the measures to control the aging of critical equipment. To achieve a synthetic assessment of the adequacy of the aging management programs, a compensated index method has been developed, which is a simple and easy-to-use tool. The use of an index method inevitably introduces a degree of uncertainty. However, if it is compared to other qualitative methods, such a tool offers the advantage of a major clarity in the assessment process. This paper discusses a practical application of the method within inspection programs, as required by the art. 27 of Seveso III Directive.
Звіти організацій з теми "Major Hazard Facilities":
1
Motamed, Ramin, David McCallen, and Swasti Saxena. An International Workshop on Large-Scale Shake Table Testing for the Assessment of Soil-Foundation-Structure System Response for Seismic Safety of DOE Nuclear Facilities, A Virtual Workshop – 17-18 May 2021. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/jjvo9762.
Анотація:
Aging infrastructure within the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear facilities poses a major challenge to their resiliency against natural phenomenon hazards. Examples of mission-critical facilities located in regions of high seismicity can be found at a number of NNSA sites including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Nevada National Security Site. Most of the nation’s currently operating nuclear facilities have already reached their operating lifetime, and most currently operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) have already reached the extent of their operating license period. While the domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to grow, if currently operating NPPs do not extend their operations and additional plants are not built quickly enough to replace them, the total fraction of electrical energy generated from carbon-free nuclear power will rapidly decline. The decision to extend operation is ultimately an economic one; however, economics can often be improved through technical advancements (McCarthy et al. 2015) and research and development (R&D) activities. Similarly, the operating lifetime of the current DOE- and NNSA-owned critical infrastructure can be extended using the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) framework to systematically identify the risk associated with designing and operating existing facilities and building new ones. Using this framework consists of several steps, including (1) system analysis considering the interaction between components, such as evaluating the soil-foundation-structure system response; and (2) assessment of areas of uncertainty. Both of these steps are essential to assessing and reducing risks to the DOE and NNSA nuclear facilities. While the risks to the DOE’s facilities are primarily due to natural hazard phenomena, data from large-scale tests of the soil-foundation-structural system response to seismic shaking is currently lacking. This workshop aimed to address these key areas by organizing an international workshop focused on advancing the seismic safety of nuclear facilities using large-scale shake table testing. As a result, this workshop, which was held virtually, brought together a select group of international experts in large-scale shake table testing from the U.S., Japan, and Europe to discuss state-of-the-art experimental techniques and emerging instrumentation technologies that can produce unique experimental data to advance knowledge in natural hazards that impact the safety of the DOE’s nuclear facilities. The generated experimental data followed by research and development activities will ultimately result in updates to ASCE 4-16, one of the primary design guides for DOE nuclear facilities per DOE-STD-1020-2016. The ultimate objective of the workshop was to develop a “road map” for the future experimental campaign and innovative instrumentations using the newly constructed DOE-funded large-scale shake table facility at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) as well as other large-scale shake table testing facilities. This new facility resulted from a collaborative project engagement between UNR and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (LBNL). This report summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and highlights the key outcomes from presentations and discussions.