Дисертації з теми "Maïs – Agriculture"
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Verreault, Catherine. "Effet de la mycorhization sur des systèmes enzymatiques de défense chez le maïs (Zea mays L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ46618.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBrassard, Marianne. "Développement d'outils diagnostiques de la nutrition azotée du maïs-grain pour une gestion optimale de l'engrais azoté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24244/24244.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRouane, Sébastien. "Doses minimales biologiquement efficaces pour le désherbage dans la rotation de maïs-soya tolérants au glyphosate et au glufosinate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26922/26922.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDiagne, Aminata. "Adoption et impact des innovations technologiques agricoles dans les filières maïs et arachide au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67886.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the issue of the adoption and impact of technological innovations in agriculture. Its general objective is to analyze the adoption and impact of agricultural technological innovations disseminated by the West African Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP) in the maize and groundnut sectors in Senegal. Innovations are improved varieties of rain-fed maize and a machine for treating peanut oil against aflatoxins called the aflatoxin treatment table. To achieve the objective of our thesis, after a general introduction we have developed two chapters using a quantitative approach and a chapter using a qualitative approach. The first quantitative chapter focused on the analysis of the dynamic and adoption factors of improved maize seeds in Eastern Senegal and Haute Casamance. Results show that the path of improved maize seeds adoption Senegal follows a dynamic of several adopter groups and that the adoption factors can be heterogeneous between the groups. The second quantitative chapter evaluated the gender influence on agricultural technological innovations adoption and determined the factors of the results heterogeneity found through a meta-analysis involving 124 empirical studies. The results showed that on average being a woman has a negative and significant influence on the agricultural technologies adoption. This influence differs however when analyzed according to the type of agricultural technologies. Indeed it is negative and significant for improved seeds and not significant for fertilizer-type technologies or good agricultural practices. The qualitative chapter studied the adoption and effects of artisanal peanut oil treatment tables in groups in the peanut basin of Senegal. Results show that aflatoxin is a phenomenon whose consequences are not well known by the groups of women encountered. The adoption of the table was made entirely in some groups and partially in others. The adoption of the table increased the income of women's groups, improved the financial autonomy of women, improved their knowledge of aflatoxins, and strengthened their capacities.
Rakmani, Ahmed. "Impact sur les paramètres agronomiques et physiologiques de l’ozone troposphérique sur le maïs en Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1157/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor the past 150 years, background tropospheric ozone concentrations have been increasing constantely to the point where they now affect grain yield in major cereals, such as maize. In 2000, it has been estimated that yield loss was between 2.2% and 5% in this crop. Such estimates have been established from a very low number of experiments, all carried out in open top ozone fumigation chambers. To verify the accuracy of these estimations, we cultivated maize plants and exposed them to various ozone concentrations in the field. During plant development, series of cob-leaf samples have been collected in order to analyze the impact of ozone-induced oxidative stress on various biochemical processes. Thus, we studied changes in leaf endoproteolytic activities (a parameter previously used as a dehydration stress indicator), using a fluorescence-based method newly adapted to plant tissues. Concurrently, changes in protein oxidation levels (carbonyl groups) were analyzed, along with lipid peroxidation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Our results indicate that ozone induced increases in the global level of protein oxidation, endoproteolytic processes and lipid peroxidation, most likely as a result of an over-accumulation of ROS in the leaf tissues. Furthermore, the impact of ozone is enhanced by aging. To some extent, these conclusions agree with those obtained from impact modeling that also show that maize is midly sensitive to ozone. However, because yield was not affected whatsoever in our experiment (1000 grain weight, biomass, starch accumulation), it is our opinion that the general consensus about the sensitivity of maize to ozone should be revised
Ruyet, Florent. "La période critique de désherbage et l'effet des adventices sur la morphologie du maïs-grain (Zea mays L.) au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24018/24018.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBouffard, Marie-Claude. "Excipients à base de protéines de maïs pour la libération contrôlée de principes actifs alimentaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24320/24320.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBoivin, François. "Effets de la géométrie de surface de champs de maïs sur la rétrodiffusion du ROS-C." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7823.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Estelle. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'exposition aux spores fongiques et mycotoxines en milieu agricole : étude des ensilages de maïs." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN4055.
Повний текст джерелаMycotoxins are secondary metabolites principally produced by moulds belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera, and contaminating various foodstuff including cereals, their main vector. Their particular toxicity could suggest their implication in certain types of cancers observed in excess among farmers. The handling of potentially contaminated crops such as corn silage is daily activities in cattle breeding farms. SILEXPO study was therefore set up to explore silage quality and air contamination during its handling; to contribute to assess the exposure to airborne fungi and mycotoxins during farm work. Four major toxigenic species (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. Parasiticus, Monascus ruber and Fusarium verticillioides) and deoxynivalenol (up to 3. 9 ppm) were regularly highlighted in silages. Contamination of air was lower than 2. 106 cfu/m3 with prevalence of Aspergillus species of which A. Fumigatus. Gliotoxin was also quantified in three farms (1 to 3. 6 µg/m3 d’air). No correlation was found between silage mycoflora and airborne mycoflora, what suggests that others vegetal matrices are involved in bioaerosols contamination. So it appears that this study should be extend to other breeding tasks and other activities closely related in order to determine the phases of work more at risks in term of exposure
Lizotte, Pierre-Luc. "Caractérisation, récolte et valorisation de la fibre de maïs à basse teneur en eau au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30133/30133.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCorn stover is the aerial part of the plant excluding grain, sometimes called MOG (material other than grain). Stover is generally a crop residue because most grain growers leave it on the ground after grain harvest. Dry corn stover can be used as bedding material or as a solid fuel on the farm. However, the cold and wet climate prevailing in Eastern Canada considerably limits the harvest of dry corn stover (moisture content < 15%) in the fall. Standing corn plants were sampled in fall 2008 to 2010 in order to determine the potential stover yields. For a site located in a 2300-2500 CHU (crop heat unit) zone, stover yields varied from 6.2 to 8.0 tonnes of dry matter (DM) per hectare. Yields ranging from 7.7 to 10.5 t DM ha-1 were measured for two other sites located in the 2900-3100 CHU zone. Large scale field harvest trials were done in spring from 2009 to 2011. The available stover yield in the spring averaged 63% (6.6 t DM ha-1) of the stover yield in the previous fall. Based on fall yields, 47 to 50% of the stover was collected using haymaking equipment. The average moisture content was 9.0%. Collection efficiency was reduced to 45% with a flail windrower but a gain in productivity was measured (5.2 ha h-1) compared to mowing and raking operations (2.3 and 2.0 ha h-1). Harvest losses from a self-loading wagon were smaller (6%) than from a round baler (15%). The cost of field operations varied between $29.04 and $34.30 t-1 DM depending on the harvest sequence. Storage cost was as high as $71.85 t-1 DM for bulk material harvested with the self-loading wagon. Large square and round bale storage cost was estimated at $29.87 t-1 DM and $59.44 t-1 DM, respectively. Corn stover had a higher absorption index (2.8) than wood shavings (1.8) and saw dust (2.1) used at the farm. The calorific energy of corn stover ranged from 16.86 to 17.64 MJ kg-1 while the ash content varied between 4.80 and 7.31%. Results should allow effective planning of cost and operations related to dry corn stover harvested in the spring.
Fraser, Anne-Marie. "Impact des hybrides transgéniques de maïs sur l'entomofaune d'agroécosystèmes du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23905/23905.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMachrafi, Younes. "Impact des résidus de désencrage du papier et des stratégies de désherbage sur la rotation soya (glycine max (L.) merr)-maïs (zea mays L.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28477/28477.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEspaña, Boquera María Luisa. "Simulation de la variation temporelle, directionnelle et spectrale de la réflectance de cultures de maïs à partir d'un modèle dynamique de la structure 3d du couvert." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MARN0017.
Повний текст джерелаKoné, Bakary Bafétégué. "Utilisation de données Lidar pour la caractérisation des grandes cultures : cas du maïs et du soja." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19549.
Повний текст джерелаLongchamps, Louis. "Discrimination entre le maïs et les mauvaises herbes par la signature spectrale de fluorescence induite par UV." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23931/23931.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMagallón-Servin, Paola, and Paola Magallón-Servin. "Development of an inoculant of phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria to improve maize growth and nutrition." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24965.
Повний текст джерелаL'utilisation directe de roche phosphatée (RP) est une alternative viable pour remplacer les coûteux fertilisants chimiques dans les pays en voie de développement. L'utilisation de bactéries solubilisatrices de RP (BSRP) est un bon moyen pour augmenter la réactivité de la RP. L'objectif principal de ce travail a été d'obtenir des isolats provenant de la mycorhizosphère du maïs possédant une grande capacité de solubilisation de RP, compatibles avec la mycorhize arbusculaire (MA) et présentant des traits associés aux rhizobactéries favorisant la croissance de plantes (RFCP) pour le développement d'un inoculant bactérien pour le maïs.À partir de 118 isolats obtenus de maïs biologique cultivé au Québec, huit BSRP ont été identifiés comme Asaia lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, Rahnella aquatilis (Vr7, Vr13 et Sr24) et Pantoea agglomerans (Vr9, Ve16 et Vr25). En milieu liquide, les isolats ont dissous le P des RP selon leur réactivité (Gafsa> Tilemsi> Maroc). La solubilisation des RP s'est effectuée par la production d'acides organiques (OA) et l'abaissement du pH. Les meilleures BSRP de chaque groupe: (A. lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, R. aquatilis Sr24 et P. agglomerans Vr25) ont été sélectionnées selon leur capacité élevée de solubilisation de la RP et de leur production d'acide indolacétique (AIA) et de sidérophores. L’importance des biofilms formés, ainsi que le degré de motilité variaient selon les isolats et tous étaient compatibles avec le Glomus irregulare (Gi). L’étude de la colonisation des racines montre que R. aquatilis Sr24 et P. agglomerans Vr25 ont été les meilleurs colonisateurs. Lors des expériences en serre, certains mélanges contenant R. aquatilis Sr24, P. agglomerans Vr25 et Gi, ont amélioré la biomasse, l'absorption des nutriments et la colonisation de la plante en association avec un champignon mycorhizien indigène du maïs cultivé dans un sol non stérile et fertilisé avec la RP Marocaine. Nous attribuons ces résultats à leur capacité d'être de bonnes BSRP colonisatrices des racines. Elles sont aussi compatibles avec Gi et sont capables de produire de l'AIA et des sidérophores. Cette thèse démontre donc le potentiel d'utilisation de BSRP comme inoculant afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'utilisation directe de RP comme fertilisant phosphaté pour l'agriculture durable du maïs.
Phosphorous is the second most important nutrient for plant growth, but its availability is often reduced. Therefore high quantities of expensive soluble P-fertilizers are added to soil. Direct use of phosphate rock (PR) is an alternative to chemical P-fertilizers in developing countries and for sustainable agriculture. In order to increase PR reactivity the use of phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria (PRSB) is a good alternative. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to obtain mycorrhizosphere-competent PRSB presenting other PGPR-associated traits to be used for the development of an inoculant to improve maize growth and P nutrition. Out of 118 isolates obtained from organically grown maize in Quebec, eight PRSB were identified as Asaia lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, Rahnella aquatilis (Vr7, Vr13 and Sr24) and Pantoea agglomerans (Vr9, Ve16 and Vr25). All isolates were able to mobilize P from different sparingly soluble P sources in solid media. In liquid medium the isolates were able to solubilize P from PRs according to their reactivity (Gafsa> Tilemsi> Morocco). PRs were solubilized by the production of organic acids (OAs) and by lowering the pH. The best PRSB from each group (A. lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, R. aquatilis Sr24 and P.3 agglomerans Vr25) were selected based on their high PR solubilization, and capacity for indolacetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production. These four isolates presented different biofilm formation and motility capacities and were compatible with Glomus irregulare (Gi). A root colonization study showed that R. aquatilis Sr24 and P. agglomerans Vr25 were the best root colonizers. Vr25 was very competitive when used with other PRSB. In greenhouse trials, plant inoculation with R. aquatilis Sr24 and P. agglomerans Vr25 in addition to Gi, increased the biomass, nutrient uptake in non-sterile soil amended with Moroccan PR (MPR). We attribute these results not only to their PR-solubilizing capacity but also for their ability to be good PRSB, competitive root colonizers, compatible with Gi and to produce IAA and siderophores. This thesis shows that PRSB with AM fungi can be used as inoculants to improve the efficiency of the direct use of PR as P fertilizer for sustainable maize production.
Phosphorous is the second most important nutrient for plant growth, but its availability is often reduced. Therefore high quantities of expensive soluble P-fertilizers are added to soil. Direct use of phosphate rock (PR) is an alternative to chemical P-fertilizers in developing countries and for sustainable agriculture. In order to increase PR reactivity the use of phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria (PRSB) is a good alternative. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to obtain mycorrhizosphere-competent PRSB presenting other PGPR-associated traits to be used for the development of an inoculant to improve maize growth and P nutrition. Out of 118 isolates obtained from organically grown maize in Quebec, eight PRSB were identified as Asaia lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, Rahnella aquatilis (Vr7, Vr13 and Sr24) and Pantoea agglomerans (Vr9, Ve16 and Vr25). All isolates were able to mobilize P from different sparingly soluble P sources in solid media. In liquid medium the isolates were able to solubilize P from PRs according to their reactivity (Gafsa> Tilemsi> Morocco). PRs were solubilized by the production of organic acids (OAs) and by lowering the pH. The best PRSB from each group (A. lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas sp. Vr14, R. aquatilis Sr24 and P.3 agglomerans Vr25) were selected based on their high PR solubilization, and capacity for indolacetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production. These four isolates presented different biofilm formation and motility capacities and were compatible with Glomus irregulare (Gi). A root colonization study showed that R. aquatilis Sr24 and P. agglomerans Vr25 were the best root colonizers. Vr25 was very competitive when used with other PRSB. In greenhouse trials, plant inoculation with R. aquatilis Sr24 and P. agglomerans Vr25 in addition to Gi, increased the biomass, nutrient uptake in non-sterile soil amended with Moroccan PR (MPR). We attribute these results not only to their PR-solubilizing capacity but also for their ability to be good PRSB, competitive root colonizers, compatible with Gi and to produce IAA and siderophores. This thesis shows that PRSB with AM fungi can be used as inoculants to improve the efficiency of the direct use of PR as P fertilizer for sustainable maize production.
Abraao, Silvestre. "La Diffusion du mai͏̈s au Nord Cameroun : dynamique de l'innovation et culture technique locale." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0071.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first five years of 70's, peasant farming modernisation started in the north of cameroon through the development of capital-intensive methods. In this process, the introduction of maize crop appears as a strong contribution in solvin g the agricultural crisis-decline in farmers'income due to the crash in cotton world price; farmers' inability to generate farm surpluses to supply urban markets, etc. The present work aims to analyse the socio-economic, technical, historical, and geographical context of maize-innovation in northern cameroon : actors'strategies and the role of institutions in maize popularisation make it possible to consider technical changes as social results from a complex process; analysing the market as a metng place for the socio-economic actors'strategies allows to study the relations between innovation developments and changes in acors' relationships; examining local know-how availability leads to observe its basic role in the adoption of any innovation. The impact of maize popularisation on local development, and the role of institutions in such evolution can be appraised from this analysis. And new research courses can so be outlined
Boivin, Mario. "Effet de l'ensilage de maïs avec ou sans épis sur la production de lait et sa composition chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28933/28933.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDiaz, Eduardo. "Effet des inoculants bactériens et de l'ammoniaque sur la stabilité aérobie du maïs-épi humide et les performances de bouvillons en finition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24089/24089.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSauboua, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation stochastique fonctionnelle du transfert d'eau et d'azote sous culture de maïs : application à l'évaluation de l'impact des pratiques agricoles en plaine de Bièvre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10095.
Повний текст джерелаGendron, Louis. "Détection des OGM non autorisés par une méthode d'empreinte génétique - Essai sur le maïs et le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26282/26282.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVouette, Isabelle. "Millet, panis, sarrasin, maïs et sorgho : les menus grains dans les systèmes agricoles anciens (France, milieu du XVIe siècle - milieu du XIXe siècle)." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070055.
Повний текст джерелаUntil the XIX th century. The economical, alimentary and symbolic interests of small grains set them apart the mass of the winter com. However the economic, demographic, geographic and social standing of so many different plants like birdseed, buckwheat, maize or sorghum is shown by the study of various sources materials, such as botany's treaties, manuals of agriculture. Napoleonic's statistics. And mails between administrators of provinces, farming handbook, market prices lists or legal publications. All of these plants are first difficult to identify in the XVf1 century, but their designations become clearer with the Linnean System. They all belong to a coherent rural System. These spring grains are part taking to the rotations of crops. So they can replace the winter com (wheat, rye). They are not suitable for making bread, but making gruel. This fonction is however unusual. First they feed cattle and smaller livestock, including, pigs and poultry. Next they are used to make some local handcrafts (long-handled brush with sorghum or mattress with maize's leaves). The urban demand in foie gras, capon and smoked ham justify keeping these culture, which are supposed to have all qualities to fatten smaller livestock. At last, when whe analyse all the documents for three centuries, culture and valorisation of minor grains are a perfect example of the strict separation of the tasks between men and women. Seeding, weeding fields, keeping poultry, selling in the market are female activities. Even though the erudite world (agronomists, botanists, medical doctors) find fault with all the minor grains, they resist and survive through the regional cooking (gaudes in Bresse, milias in Languedoc or pancakes in Britain)
Longchamps, Louis. "Structure spatiale des populations de mauvaises herbes dans les champs de maïs et mesure du potentiel pour le désherbage localisé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28752/28752.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаArgueta, Prado Jorge Quetzal. "Des modernisations multiples. Modeler le secteur agricole au Mexique dans la première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0191.
Повний текст джерелаThe Mexican agricultural sector experienced profound transformations in the first half of the twentieth century. Between 1910 and 1960 agricultural modernization was placed in the public debate as an unavoidable necessity. Both to overcome the famine problem the country experienced in the context of the Revolution (1910-1920), as well as to boost the economic growth, the different state administrations sought to rationalize and intensify the agricultural production. In particular the production of maize which, due to its economic and social importance, was one of the priority crops. In this context, our thesis focuses on the various strategies and means deployed to this end, as well as on the effects they produced. We examine the efforts made by different types of actors to govern and shape the agricultural sector by using improved seeds, fertilizers and agricultural machinery ; as well as through the implementation of educational, irrigation and credit policies among others. This through the analysis of historical sources found in Mexican and US archives, that brought us closer to the perspective and work done by the government agencies as well as to the initiatives issued from the academic and private sector. In this way we show that although agricultural modernization was an idea and a program widely shared by the different governments during this period, the modalities it adopted were not homogeneous. That the specific objectives each government set itself and the know-how and technical possibilities available at each moment, were at the basis of the different modernization projects that took place and shaped the sector. And that the whole process was shaped by the interweaving of various local, national and transnational interests, institutions, agents and know-how
Tardif-Paradis, Corinne. "Évaluation de l'effet de la perturbation du sol de l'entre-rang sur la répartition des mauvaises herbes chez le maïs et le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29917/29917.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSite-specific weed management using real time detection can reduce herbicide use. At present, this technology is not able to discriminate weeds and crop plants with enough precision and speed to be implemented. However, in corn and soybean, the inter-row, where there is no crop, could be use to detect weeds. The goal of this research is to determine if weed cover, biomass and density on rows and interrows are equivalent after different disturbances. Tested disturbances included planter, tractor wheel, press wheel and tooth. In corn, there are fewer weeds in the undisturbed inter-row than on the row while the opposite is observed in soybean. The undisturbed inter-row in soybean and the tracked interrow in corn could be used to detect weeds without underestimating weed cover.
Dionne, Ariane. "Conception et mise à l'épreuve d'un prototype de pulvérisation de pupes de trichogrammes pour la lutte biologique contre la pyrale dans la culture du maïs sucré." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33828.
Повний текст джерелаSweet corn requires many applications of insecticides to control its main pest: the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The biological control using Trichogramma is an effective alternative to reduce excessive use of pesticides in sweet corn. However, manual introduction of trichocards is time consuming when used at a large scale and its use remains marginal in Quebec. The mechanized introduction of Trichogramma pupae using a boom sprayer is an innovative and advantageous solution for growers. The objective of this study was to design and test a boom sprayer to introduce Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) pupae under real field conditions. For this purpose, T. ostriniae pupae were sprayed at a rate of 800,000 pupae per hectare using a boom sprayer designed at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of Université Laval. Trichocards were also introduced at a rate of 500,000 pupae per hectare. Eight releases were made during the 2016 season. Field trials results showed a reduction of 17.21% in the emergence rate of sprayed Trichogramma pupae compared to that of trichocards. Total fertility and longevity of sprayed T. ostriniae females were not negatively affected by spraying; indicating that spraying does not have any impact on their quality. The parasitism rates observed on natural and on sentinel masses were comparable for both methods. In the sprayed plots, all natural masses detected starting from the fifth release were parasitized whereas no mass detected before the fifth release was parasitized. At harvest, spray and trichocards treatments resulted in an adequate control of the European corn borer during the 2016 season. In addition, spraying was 1.7 times faster than the manual introduction of trichocards. However, the spraying cost per hectare per release was 30% higher than that of the use of trichocards due to the costs associated with the guar and the xanthan gums, the main components of the spray solution. Overall, the results indicate that spraying is a promising technique for an efficient and viable introduction of Trichogramma pupae. More research on larger plots with a strong history of European corn borer is recommended to further optimize the spraying parameters and thus make this technique more affordable. The spraying system successfully used in sweet corn could also be adapted to other crops such as pepper, beans, and potatoes to control the European corn borer.
Larouche, Francis. "Émissions de protoxyde d'azote dans une rotation maïs/soya telles qu'influencées par le travail du sol et la fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24048/24048.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAlbasha, Rami. "Evaluation de la productivité de l’eau d’irrigation par la modélisation : le cas du maïs sous goutte-à-goutte enterré en sol limoneux profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe "more crop per drop" paradigm is behind considerable efforts to increasing the productivity of water consumed in irrigated agriculture. In this context, the evaluation of the agronomic performances of irrigation techniques and their ability to reduce the water consumption is a prerequisite for optimizing water use in irrigated agriculture. This thesis explores the potentials of Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) within a modeling framework to evaluate its agronomic performance under various soil and climatic contexts.Many crop models allow today the prediction of crop yields as a function of, inter alia, the climatic conditions, the type of soil, the availability of water, of nutrient, and agricultural practices. These crop models usually couple the water and solute transfer processes in the soil to crop development. The water uptake of plant roots plays herein a key role of joining the processes in soil to those of the plant.Despite the strong spatial and temporal variability of the activity of root uptake, this activity is often presented in crop models with empirical “static” functions: the spatial distribution of water uptake depends on a predefined distribution of root density, but not on the type of irrigation. These empirical functions are found to be suitable for the simulation of root uptake when water is brought to the surface (sprinkler irrigation, gravity, etc.). However, their legitimacy under drip irrigation remains to be demonstrated.This thesis evaluates the performance of the empirical approaches for modeling root water uptake under drip irrigation, with the ultimate objective of introducing a simple crop model suitable for this technique.From the one hand, the role of the function defining the spatial distribution of root density is explored. Numerical simulations supported by field experiments allowed analyzing the phenomenon of "compensatory water uptake", which is exacerbated under localized irrigation. Considering this phenomenon in modeling was necessary for adequately predicting water consumption of the crop, the distribution of water in the soil, and especially drainage fluxes under SDI.From the other hand, the findings from the first study are taken into account in the development of SDICM, Subsurface Drip Irrigation Crop Model. SDICM is couples bidirectional water transfer process in the soil to crop growth. This model was confronted with field observations which allowed putting forward the importance of root water uptake process in the prediction of water profiles in cropped soils.Finally, an application example was conducted where the water productivity of maize under different pedo-climatic conditions was assessed using SDICM and a capacitive type model. The purpose of the comparison is to highlight the importance of simulating bidirectional soil-water transfer in the context of SDI
Brault, Marie-Esther. "Efficacité agro-environnementale d'un engrais organo-minéral à base de lisier de porc bio-traité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24355/24355.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHabbib, Hazzar. "Impacts des systèmes de cultures sur l'efficience d'utilisation de l'azote chez le blé et le maïs : Influence du travail du sol, des couverts végétaux d'interculture et de l'historique de fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаOf all the essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is the most important for crop growth and yield potential. The mineral N availability is a major limiting factor of quantitative and qualitative production of crops in general and cereals in particular. Maintaining the current high production levels requires managing crops to provide an optimum nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, the agricultural management practices must be at forefront of measures to sustain crop productivity and N efficiency in the intensive production systems at national level. In the last three decades, improving N use efficiency in crops (NUE) has been one of the most important challenge in modern agriculture. Therefore, various scientific, technological and agronomic approaches have been developed in parallel to improve our knowledge on the genetic and physiological basis of NUE for further breeding and agronomic applications. In particular, it has been emphasized that agricultural management practices on both short- and long-term perspectives must be at forefront of measures to develop sustainable crop productivity with regards to NUE improvement. The main objective of this work is to examine the new cropping systems, economically and environmentally efficient, based on conservation agriculture techniques. In other words, to investigate the influence of modification in agricultural practices (tillage system, cover crops) on the parameters affecting plant productivity and nitrogen nutrition of two cereals (wheat and maize). In this context, three field experiments were conducted to understand agricultural phenomena taking place during changes in farming practices, in order to examine the most sustainable agricultural system for maintaining crop productivity while rationalization of N fertilizer usage. A two-year experiment was conducted in the field to measure the combined impact of tilling and N fertilization on various agronomic traits related to NUE and to grain yield in maize cultivated in the presence of a cover crop. Four years after conversion to no-till, a significant increase in N use efficiency N harvest index, N remobilization and N remobilization efficiency was observed both under no and high N fertilization conditions. The second field study was conducted during two consecutive years to evaluate the combined effect of tilling, cover crops and N fertilization on various agronomic traits related to nitrogen use efficiency and to N nutrition in wheat. Five years after conversion to no-till, a significant increase in N use efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, N partial factor productivity, N apparent recovery fraction and N remobilization was observed under three levels of N fertilization. Moreover, we observed that grain yield and grain N content were similar under tillage and no-till conditions. The N nutrition index was higher under no-till conditions at the three rates of N fertilization. Moreover, N use efficiency related traits and N nutrition were increased in the presence of cover crops both under no-till and conventional tilling conditions. Thus, agronomic practices based on continuous no-till in the presence of cover crops appear to be a promising strategy to increase N use efficiency and N nutrition in wheat while reducing both the use and the loss of N-based fertilizers.In the third study, wheat plants were grown under tillage and no- till conditions, with and without cover crops under no and high nitrogen fertilization conditions, to evaluate the combined effect of tilling and N fertilization on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and photosynthetic water use efficiency through its impact on leaf physiological traits, such as photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area. Six years after conversion to no-till, in the presence and in the absence of cover crops, a significant increase in water use efficiency and soil water content was observed both under [...]
Dagenais, Guillaume. "Effet des pigments xanthophylles jaunes du gluten de maïs et utilisation de différents niveaux de lysine dans la moulée d'élevage; impacts sur les performances et la coloration de la truite arc-en-ciel (Onchorynchus mykiss)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25766/25766.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMensah, Kossi Edjame Rolland. "Utilisation de la fève adzuki (Vigna angularis), du radis huileux (Raphanus sativus) et du seigle d'automne (Secale cereale), combinés ou non à des doses faibles d'herbicides pour la maîtrise des mauvaises herbes annuelles dans le maïs sucré." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27773/27773.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSome, Léopold. "Diagnostic agropédoclimatique du risque de sécheresse au Burkina Faso : étude de quelques techniques agronomiques améliorant la résistance pour les cultures de sorgho, de mil et de mai͏̈s." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20251.
Повний текст джерелаRousseau, Guillaume. "Analyses multidimensionnelles des effets de la rotation et d'un compost urbain sur la sclérotiniose du soja et la santé du sol." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22392/22392.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Agostini Christine. "La participation paysanne, condition du développement rural : vingt ans de luttes à la recherche d'une transformation sociale : le cas de la Unión de uniones ejidales y Grupos campesinos solidarios de l'Etat de Chiapas, Mexique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010601.
Повний текст джерелаThe development policies implemented by the Mexican government have so far advocated the modernization of the agriculture output. However, this has proved detrimental to the farmers. Indeed, this policy has led to an increasing dependency on foreign countries as well as to greater social ans economic inequalities which have hit the Indian farmers most cruelly. In todays's capitalist word, the Chiapas villagers, growing coffee and corn, are faced with a new challenge : how can they, as a social group, get hold of production tools, as well as the industrializing, trad, and financing processes - basic economic problems? How can they deal with (and get rid of) the apparent opposition between their social organization and profitable efficient economic policies?
Okopnik, Deividson Luiz. "SOLUÇÃO ELETRÔNICA MICROCONTROLADA PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DE SEMENTES DE MILHO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/156.
Повний текст джерелаActually, the process of determining the longitudinal distance of seeds on the same planting line is manual and prone to failures. In the maize’s case, the distribution of seeds in inadequate distances lowers its productivity, influencing in the plants development, both by the maize’s root system, that doesn’t make up to the variation of the distances, like some other cultures do, and my the lower amount of sun radiation that the plants can absorb when plants are too close to each other. Considering the importance of knowing the longitudinal distance of seeds and that that reading is made manually, this dissertation presents a microcontrolled solution to be used along with a plantability track. The microcontroller used in the solution is an Atmega 328, part of an Arduino. The seed detection was made using an industrial infrared sensor, model DFRobot RB-DFR-49, with adjustable sensing distance, fixed perpendicularly to the track. With the developed solution added to the track, it was possible to obtain a precise reading from the distance between each seed, by counting the time between each seed, plus the known speed of the rolling track. That value is then registered on the developed solution and passed to a computer through an USB connection. By comparing to the manual mattering, the medium error obtained was 0,90cm, less than 0,5% in a 40cm distance, as used in maize. The validation of the developed solution, amount of detected double spacing and fail spacing, was made by comparing the results obtained by the solution with those obtained by manual testing, made by an specialist on those tests. By doing that, it was possible to notice that in tests with low amounts of double and fail spaces (6 and 5 in a test, and 6 and 3 in the second), the results where the same to the manual accounting. In tests with bigger amounts of errors (32 doubles, 50 fails), the result was slightly different (more 7 doubles and 28 fails, when comparing to manual testing), what evidences that the developed solution is more precise than the manual measuring method. Its believed that the solution can help in the selection of planting disks, and to obtain a better plant stand in the field, what brings better productivity. Keywords: Zea Mays, Agricultural Automation, Precision Agriculture.
Atualmente, o processo de determinação da distância longitudinal de sementes em uma mesma linha de semeadura é manual e propenso a falhas. No caso do milho, a distribuição de sementes em distâncias inadequadas diminui a sua produtividade, influenciando o desenvolvimento das plantas, tanto pela estrutura do sistema radicular do milho, que não compensa as variações de distância como outras culturas fazem, quanto pela diminuição da quantidade de radiação solar que as plantas conseguem absorver quando estão muito próximas uma das outras. Considerando a importância de se medir a distância longitudinal de sementes e que esta medida é feita de forma manual atualmente, esta dissertação apresenta uma solução microcontrolada para ser adicionada em uma esteira de plantabilidade. O microcontrolador usado na solução é um Atmega 328, parte de um kit Arduino. A detecção das sementes foi feita utilizando um sensor industrial infravermelho fixo, modelo DFRobot RB-DFR-49, com distância sensora regulável, de forma perpendicular sobre a esteira. Com a solução adicionada à esteira de plantabilidade foi possível obter uma leitura precisa da distância entre as sementes, pela contagem do tempo decorrido entre cada detecção e a velocidade da esteira. Esse valor é então registrado na solução e repassado a um computador através de uma conexão USB. A partir da distribuição manual das sementes na esteira, o erro obtido na medida das distâncias foi, na média, de 0,19 cm, menos de 0,5% em uma distância de 40 cm entre sementes, como é o caso do milho. A validação da solução, quantidade de distâncias duplas e de distâncias falhas em um teste com 1000 sementes de milho, foi feita ao se comparar os resultados dela obtidos com aqueles de um teste manual, efetuado por um especialista desta função. Foi possível notar que em testes com poucas quantidades de duplas e falhas (6 e 5 em um teste, e 6 e 3 em outro teste, respectivamente), resultados foram idênticos à contagem manual. Nos testes cuja quantidade de erros é maior (32 duplas e 50 falhas), obtiveram-se resultados diferenciados (7 duplas e 28 falhas a mais, comparando-se com a leitura manual), evidenciando que a solução desenvolvida é mais precisa que pelo método tradicional (manual). Acredita-se que a solução pode auxiliar na seleção de discos dosadores, e na obtenção de um melhor estande final de plantas no campo, levando a uma maior produtividade.
Mosadegh, Sedghy Bahareh. "Risque de prix et décisions de production et d'exportation : le cas de l'agriculture au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26821.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of price risk on the decision of farmers and processors in Quebec. The dissertation is structured in three main chapters. The first chapter looks on a literature review. The second chapter examines the effect of price risk on the supply of three productions namely grain corn, pork and lamb in the Quebec province. The final chapter focuses on the analysis of changing in preferences of the Quebec pork processor concerning the choice of market. The first chapter, addressing the academic background of importance of risks in agriculture, shows the significant effect of price risk on agricultural production. Also the literature points out the effect of price risk on international trade. The second chapter introduces risk factors (prices expectations and price volatility) in the supply function. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to model the above mentioned risk factors. The model parameters are estimated by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method. While empirical results show the negative effect of price volatility on production, prices predictability has a positive effect on the amount produced. As expected, the results reveal the application of the farm income stabilization insurance program (ASRA) in Quebec leads to more sensitivity of producer to effective prices (prices including ASRA compensation) than to the market price. In addition, our results present less sensitivity to input prices than output ones in the case of application ASRA. The decrease in producer risk aversion is another consequence of the application of this program. On the other hand, estimation of the relative marginal risk premium index reveals that the pork producer is the most risk-averse producer. The third chapter concerns the analysis of market choice by Quebec pork processor. It is supposed that processor has the ability to supply his products in two markets: foreign and local. The theoretical model explains the relative supply as a function of both relative price expectation and relative price volatility. Furthermore this model shows that the sensitivity of the relative supply to the relative price volatility depends on two factors: the share of exports in total production and the elasticity of substitution between two markets. An error correction model is used in estimating model parameters. The results show a positive and significant effect of relative price anticipation on relative supply in short-term. Besides, these results show an increase in price volatility of foreign market in comparison to local market, leads to a decline of supply in the foreign market in long-term. Also according to the results, the local and foreign markets are more substitutable in long-term than short-term.
Petit, Timothée. "Du territoire aux agriculteurs, approche technique et sociologique du maintien des prairies dans un contexte d’élevage périurbain de plaine. Enquête auprès d’éleveurs de la partie nord de l’agglomération de Rennes." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0011.
Повний текст джерелаGrassland use and areas are facing a paradoxical situation In France. Their areas have decreased since the 1950’s due to agricultural revolution, mainly in regions where cattle farming is dominant. They have been replaced by maize forage or crop productions in spite of grasslands benefits for farms and territories and incentive and support measures developed at various scales (European, national and local). However in some local areas, a maintenance or increase of grassland areas has been observed for the last decade (2000- 2010). My aim was to study the reasons of grassland maintenance crossing animal sciences and sociology at territory and farm scale. My case study is based on three ‘cantons’, the smallest French administrative scale, in the suburban area of Rennes (Brittany). The work is organized in three parts using conceptual frameworks and methodologies led separately and discussed in a fourth part. It contributes to interdisciplinary studies using technical and social sciences studying evolutions of agricultural practices in the long term. The first part aims to understand: (i) the agro-ecological factors and historical and socioeconomic contexts that led to the upholding of grassland areas in this region since 1950; (ii) the farming systems involved in this upholding and the grasslands functions mobilized. The work is based on landscape observation and retired and actual farmers’ interviews. The study highlights a dairy specialization of the territory due to the early development of the dairy sector close to Rennes (in comparison to the rest of Brittany). Since the 1990’s, the dairy farms have evolved to diversified forms of forage management in relation to new society expectations and the development of innovative dairy chains. Finally, grassland maintenance seems due to a diversity of forage systems using grasslands. The second part is a long term and process modeling of 15 dairy farms trajectories based on the productive and the grassland use trajectories studied along the farmer career. This work shows that the forage system diversity comes from three types of trajectories increasing grassland use: (i) broken trajectories based on dairy specialization, (ii) step-bystep trajectories using grassland mainly for their zootechnical functions, (iii) stable trajectories using few grassland areas in the forage system. The third part is based on a sociological analysis of the way of thinking of the farmers of the same 15 dairy farms. This work shows that grassland is considered as useful forage in the diet of dairy animals. The historical dichotomy between maize and grassland built in the 1970s seems to be over. The professional networks are the key factors for the changing use of grassland. There is not direct link with social networks and farmers grassland uses in farms. However the suburban context impacts the farmers, strengthening or questioning their forage practices. By crossing the results of the three parts of my work, I show there are some types, some uses and some ways of thinking of farmers that are in favor of grassland maintenance and others are refractory. It makes possible to think about new ways for grassland development in territories. It implies for the stakeholders to be coordinated to develop actions at territory scale to use grasslands in agro-ecological transition
Kayrouz, Benjamin Michael. "PRECISION AGRICULTURE: REALIZING INCREASED PROFIT AND REDUCED RISK THROUGH COST MAP AND LIGHTBAR ADOPTION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/875.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page (viewed on November 3, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: ix, 58 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).
Buckle, Dorothea Maria. "Media and communication influences on farmers' views of water conservation in the Garden Route, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9109.
Повний текст джерелаFernandes, Pablo. "ESTIMATIVA DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE MILHO (ZEA MAYS L.) ATRAVÉS DE IMAGENS OBTIDAS POR VEÍCULO AÉREO NÃO TRIPULADO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4842.
Повний текст джерелаObter a determinação do rendimento de grãos e sua variabilidade é importante na agricultura pois possibilita o entendimento de fatores que limitam este rendimento, dando maior subsídio à tomada de decisão no manejo da lavoura. A agricultura de precisão utiliza o mapeamento da produtividade para determinar o rendimento e sua variabilidade espacial no talhão. Os veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANT s) embarcados com sensores multiespectrais tornaram-se ferramenta potencial para monitoramento e identificação da variabilidade espacial de produtividade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da utilização de imagens multiespectrais provenientes de VANT para estimar a produtividade da cultura de milho (Zea Mays L.). A pesquisa foi realizada em um talhão de 51,6 ha, sob sistema de plantio direto e agricultura de precisão, na fazenda Boa Vista, localizada em São Martinho da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul. O solo é Neosolo e o clima Cfa, conforme a classificação de Köppen. A cultura utilizada no experimento foi o híbrido de milho Pioneer 1630 hx, com espaçamento de 0,5 metros e 70 mil plantas por hectare, semeadura em 20/08/2014 e colheita em 20/01/2015. A captura de imagens do talhão ocorreu com o VANT modelo EI Asesor/5 equipado com dois sensores CMOS: o primeiro, multiespectral modelo Teracam ACD Micro, com 3 bandas espectrais: a banda do verde, do vermelho e do infravermelho próximo, e o segundo sensor, modelo Flir Tau 2, com a banda espectral do infravermelho termal. Foi gerado o mosaico ortorretificado multiespectral das imagens, com resolução espacial de 0,7 metros e, na sequência, o índice de vegetação normalizado (NDVI). Os dados de produtividade foram obtidos através da colhedora John Deere 9670, embarcada com o kit de monitor e sensores de colheita da marca e modelo Trimble FMX. Para avaliar a correlação do cruzamento dos dados de produtividade com a imagem multiespectral e o NDVI obtido com VANT utilizou-se o R² de Pearson, onde foram amostrados 200 pontos estratificados em 4 classes de produtividade, sendo 50 pontos por classe. Para avaliar a correlação de produtividade de milho com a imagem e índice de vegetação NDVI foi utilizado o R² de Pearson, juntamente com uma avaliação visual. Os dados de produtividade cruzados com: a banda do verde resultou na equação linear com R²= 0,05, apresentando baixa correlação; a banda do infravermelho próximo resultou na equação linear com R²= 0,36, apresentando média correlação; a banda do vermelho resultou na equação exponencial com R²= 0,38, apresentando média correlação; a banda do infravermelho termal resultou na equação linear negativa com R²= 0,68, apresentando alta correlação; o NDVI resultou na equação linear com R²= 0,75, apresentando alta correlação, e a análise visual do NDVI com o mapa de produtividade também apresentou resultado condizente com a análise estatística. Assim, encontrou-se uma regressão linear significativa entre o índice de vegetação NDVI e a produtividade de milho, sendo possível estimar o potencial de produtividade desta cultura através das imagens de VANT, os quais proporcionam o monitoramento da produtividade de milho antecipadamente à colheita, confirmando sua importância para a agricultura de precisão.
Merida, Daniela [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e produção de Costus productus Maas como planta de vaso em função de doses de nitrogênio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92216.
Повний текст джерелаEntre as espécies ornamentais tropicais vem ganhando destaque aquelas da Família Costaceae, especialmente o Costus productus Maas, que pode ser utilizado como flor de corte, planta para jardim ou planta envasada. Em face da carência de estudos no tocante à fitotecnia, envolvendo o manejo da nutrição mineral de plantas ornamentais, principalmente para as espécies do gênero Costus, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada sobre o desenvolvimento, a produção e o estado nutricional das plantas de Costus productus como planta de vaso. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 14 litros, em ambiente protegido, na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Ubatuba (APTA/UPDU), em Ubatuba, SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados. Foram cinco tratamentos correspondendo a doses crescentes de N (1,2; 2,4; 3,6; 4,8 g planta-1 e ausência de N) e cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por um vaso contendo uma planta. O plantio das mudas foi realizado no dia 28 de outubro de 2011. Avaliou-se, mensalmente durante 13 meses de ciclo produtivo: altura, preenchimento dos vasos e, quando presente, número de inflorescências. Após 13 meses do plantio foi avaliado ainda: massa seca da parte aérea, nitrato no suco celular das folhas da planta (Nitrato Cardy) e realizada a análise de macro e micronutrientes da parte aérea. Foi realizada análise de variância e quando houve significância foi feita análise de regressão polinomial, definindo o melhor ajuste segundo combinação de significância e maior coeficiente de determinação. Verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada influenciou positivamente o desenvolvimento, a produção e o estado nutricional de plantas de Costus productus produzidas em vaso. A dose de 4,8 g planta-1 proporcionou maior produção de hastes florais e maior desenvolvimento verificado pelas maiores médias de altura...
Among the tropical ornamental species, those belonging to the Costaceae family have been highlighted, especially Costus productus Maas, which can be used as cut flowers, garden plant and pot plant. Due to the lack of information on the management of mineral nutrition of ornamental plants, especially for Costus species, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the development, flowering and nutritional status of C. productus as pot plants. Pots of 14 L were used for the experiment, which were kept under protection at Ubatuba Research and Development Unit (APTA/UPDU), in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A complete randomized block design was used, with five treatments corresponding to increasing doses of N (1.2; 2.4; 3.6; 4.8 g plant-1; and absence of N) and five replications; each plot was represented by one pot containing one plant. The planting was in October 28 of 2011, and the variables evaluated along 13 months of the plant production cycle were: pot filling and number of inflorescences. After 13 months of the planting, were evaluated height, dry mass of the aerial part, nitrate (Cardy) and realized macro and micronutrients analysis. Analysis of variance was performed and, if significant, analysis of polynomial regression was also carried out for the definition of the best adjustment according to the combination of significance and greater determination coefficient. The nitrogen fertilization positively influenced the development, flowering and nutritional status of C. productus plants cultivated in pots. The dose of 4.8 g plant-1 promoted a greater development verified by the highest means of height, dry mass of the aerial part and production of floral stems in addition to the highest contents of N, P, B and Fe in the aerial part
Freitas, Fábio de Oliveira. "Estudo genético-evolutivo de amostras modernas e arqueológicas de milho (Zea mays mays, L.) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-02072002-093356/.
Повний текст джерелаSeven archaeological samples of maize (Zea mays mays, Lineu), 620±60 to 990±60 years old and one sample of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Lineu), 301 ± 39 years old (based on C14 datation), were studied by biomolecular techniques to understand their historical origin. They were found in indigenous subterranean silos, from archaeological sites at Januária (Peruaçu Valley), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A segment of the nuclear gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2) was amplified and sequenced from extracts of the maize specimens. In the bean sample, two portions of the nuclear gene encoding the protein Phaseolin were used. In maize, 3 main alele groups were observed for the Adh 2 previously know in the maize origin center in the Central America. In the South America, these groups have also been founded but presenting a characteristic geographical distribution. One of the aleles, considered the most primitive, occurs in the Andean highlands. The other two are present mainly in lowlands, one of them restrict to São Francisco and Paraná-Paraguai rivers basin, along the Atlantic coast. These dates suggest that, historically, different maize varieties were introduced in South America, perhaps in two different periods and spread to distinct regions by migrating or trading human populations. The first introduction is estimated to have occurred about 5,000 years ago, and the second and possibly a third, about 3,000 years later. These introductions must be responsible for the high-/lowland distribution pattern, which maintains up to today. The European colonisation of the South America in the 15-16th century kept this pattern. Portugal conquered the lowlands and Spain the highlands and they maintained a cultural and trade barrier for long time. However in the Southern part of South America there must have been some exchange, since aleles from lowlands were found in archaeological sites in highlands of Chile, and conversely, highland aleles were present in one modern indigenous sample from Paraguay. It should be mentioned that archaeological and modern aleles found in Peru are remarkably different from those of Brazil. This would mean that Brazilian indigenous populations must have been more influenced by Central America culture, rather than from that of Andean highlands. In the case of Januária bean sample, identified as Phaseolus vulgaris, presents the basic genetic type of the Phaseolin of type a. The alleles from modern samples from Mexico to Argentina, indicate a geographical distribution pattern. The alleles originated from Mexico to the Northern region of South America (Colombia, Ecuador and North of Peru) fall in the same group, what we called Northern alleles group, while those from Southern Peru to Argentina fall in another group, that we called Southern alleles group. Apparently Northern group of alleles are older, pointing the corresponding region as the centre of the origin for Phaseolus vulgaris. Southern group of alleles must have been derived from those from the North. This confronts some theories suggesting that bean might have had more than one centre of origin, independently. The Januária sample had six different alleles, two identical to the Northern group. Of the remaining four, two are very close to the Northern group, while the other two may be considered intermediary. No allele similar to the Southern group was found. The conclusion is that the bean sample from Januária is genetically closer to the Northern populations but has vestiges of contacts with populations from Centre and Southern Andes. All put together, maize and beans populations from Januária seem to had a lager relation or influence of materials originating with those from Central Andes, as Peru. Also, a higher genetic diversity was observed within bean genes than maize. Finally, this research demonstrated that plant archaeological samples from the Tropics may contain well preserved genetic material suitable for evolutionary studies and provide data to understand the life history of the Humanity in the Americas.
Menegatti, Leonardo Afonso Angeli. "Metodologia para identificação, caracterização e remoção de erros em mapas de produtividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-05082002-171422/.
Повний текст джерелаPrecision farming is a set of technologies that provide the capacity to manage the yield based on spacialized information. Yield map is an important information as it describes the answer of the crop to the inputs and soil conditions. There are several yield monitors in the market to collect yield information automatically. Due to the automation of the collection, some errors may be collected together with good data, and the elimination of those errors from the data set represents information quality. This work proposes the development a filtering routine of raw data to eliminate errors. The first step is the analysis and characterization of the errors present on data from six different commercial yield monitors. The errors found are positioning errors, represented by points outside the field. Small positioning errors cannot be detected by this methodology. It was found points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture and points with the same position. Points with swath width different from the total swath width were considered as area measuring errors because they take account the interpretation of the operator about the actual swath width. For the characterization of the combine filling time it was developed a methodology to identify the running direction of the machine, allowing the estimation of the distance required to fill the threshing mechanism of the combine. The distance during the filling time was found to be between 0 and 44m. Yield outlier limits were established, and values over and under the limits were found in the data. Based on the characteristics of each error, a filtering routine was developed. The routine has seven steps, each one acting over different errors. At the first step, positioning errors are eliminated from the data set. The steps from 2 to 5 eliminate points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture, points with swath width different from the total swath width and points with null distance. The sixth step acts over the filling time error, eliminating all points recorded during the space required for filling up the threshing mechanism of the combine. A search algorithm was developed to identify and eliminate these errors. The seventh step state outlier limits and remove from the data set the values outside of the limits. The filtering process improved the semivariance analysis and the final quality of yield maps.
De, Coninck Arnaud Sidney. "Phytoextraction induite et fractionnement du cuivre dans un résidu minier riche en cuivre et en calcium amendé par un compost." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25533/25533.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThompson, Iris Lee. "Agricultural Systems in Babati : Zea mays and its alternatives." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2660.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper aims to give an understanding on the aspects that influences the choice of cropsand agricultural methods in Babati, Tanzania. Drought is a reoccurring problem in this part ofTanzania, which affects a majority of the towns’ farmers. This fact is likely to affect thechoice of crop as well as the limitations when it comes to the choices in cultivation. But thechoice itself has implications on its surrounding and can be affected by the surrounding. Tounderstand the circumstances, a wider picture will be depicted and an evaluation of thegeography of Babati and on its climate conditions. The results from this study suggest thatlack of crop rotation pose as a problem that should be studied. Furthermore, green manurefrom legumes and plants like Tithonia could be a less expensive alternative but can stillfunction as an effective fertilizer. Concerning the drought issue the study can not concludethat drought resistant crops would have any big improving effects. Nevertheless there is someevidence advocating that it could be apart of the solution in terms of avoiding some of thenegative effects brought on by drought.
Machado, Raphael. "Sistemas orgânicos de produção para a soca da cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), consorciado com milho (Zea mays), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/99.
Повний текст джерелаBrazil is the major sugar cane grower, and there are two regions (Southeastern and Northeastern) with alternate harvests, which enable it keep its presence in the world market all year long. On the one hand the large sugar mills have the alcohol and sugar as their main products, on the other hand the small producers have found at the rapadura , brown sugar and the cachaça , a way to aggregate value in the market area which is little explored by large sugar mills. Right for these small growers, the organic sugar cane crops together with other basic food crops is a feasible alternative. Considering the total area cultivated with sugar cane, about 20% are from cane-growing plant, and the other 80% grown as ratoon. The general objective of this experiment was to test organic production systems for the sugar cane crops. Aiming a sustainable system for the sugar cane crops. They were tested seven different combinations of consortia with the cane ratoon, totaling eight treatments with the witness (T1: Sugar cane rattoon ; T2: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn; T3: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans; T4: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with cassava; (T5)Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and beans; T6: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn and cassava; T7: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with beans and cassava; T8: Sugar cane rattoon intercropped with corn, beans and cassava], which were analyzed in length, diameter, quantity, productivity and maturation of the cane treatments, in addition to the equivalent index for intermediate area of vii crops in their respective treatments. It can be concluded that the best organic production system for sugar cane crop is the one that is intercropped with corn, for it obtains good productions in both cultures.
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar, tendo duas regiões produtoras (centro-sul e nordeste) com safras alternadas, podendo manter sua presença no mercado mundial ao longo de todo o ano. Se por um lado as grandes usinas têm como principais produtos o açúcar e o álcool, por outro lado os pequenos produtores rurais têm encontrado na rapadura, no açúcar mascavo e na cachaça, formas de agregar valor num nicho de mercado ainda pouco explorado pelos grandes produtores da cultura. Precisamente para esses pequenos produtores, a produção de cana-de-açúcar orgânica em pequenas áreas, consorciada com outras culturas de primeira necessidade, mostra-se uma alternativa viável. Considerando-se a área total cultivada com cana-de-açúcar, aproximadamente 20% são de cultivo de cana-planta, sendo os outros 80% cultivados como soca. O objetivo geral deste projeto foi o de testar sistemas de produção orgânicos para a soca da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, utilizando a variedade RB 867515, testando diferentes consorciações, visando um sistema sustentável para os produtores de cana-de-açúcar orgânica. Foram testadas sete combinações de consórcios diferentes na cana-soca, totalizando oito tratamentos com a testemunha (T1: soqueira de cana; T2: soqueira de cana + milho; T3: soqueira de cana + feijão; T4: soqueira de cana + mandioca; T5: soqueira de cana + milho + feijão; T6: soqueira de cana + miho + mandioca; T7: soqueira de cana + feijão + mandioca; T8: soqueira de cana + milho e feijão + mandioca), nos quais v foram analisados comprimento, diâmetro, quantidade, produtividade e maturação das canas dos tratamentos, além do índice de equivalente área das culturas intercalares em seus respectivos tratamentos. Pode-se concluir a viabilidade da adoção do consórcio no sistema de produção orgânico da soca da cana-de-açúcar com milho verde, conseguindo-se boas produções em ambas as culturas.
Merida, Daniela. "Desenvolvimento e produção de Costus productus Maas como planta de vaso em função de doses de nitrogênio /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92216.
Повний текст джерелаCoorientador: Luis Felipe Villani Purquerio
Coorientador: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro
Banca: Paulo Hercilio Viegas Rodrigues
Banca: Claudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz
Resumo: Entre as espécies ornamentais tropicais vem ganhando destaque aquelas da Família Costaceae, especialmente o Costus productus Maas, que pode ser utilizado como flor de corte, planta para jardim ou planta envasada. Em face da carência de estudos no tocante à fitotecnia, envolvendo o manejo da nutrição mineral de plantas ornamentais, principalmente para as espécies do gênero Costus, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada sobre o desenvolvimento, a produção e o estado nutricional das plantas de Costus productus como planta de vaso. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 14 litros, em ambiente protegido, na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Ubatuba (APTA/UPDU), em Ubatuba, SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados. Foram cinco tratamentos correspondendo a doses crescentes de N (1,2; 2,4; 3,6; 4,8 g planta-1 e ausência de N) e cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por um vaso contendo uma planta. O plantio das mudas foi realizado no dia 28 de outubro de 2011. Avaliou-se, mensalmente durante 13 meses de ciclo produtivo: altura, preenchimento dos vasos e, quando presente, número de inflorescências. Após 13 meses do plantio foi avaliado ainda: massa seca da parte aérea, nitrato no suco celular das folhas da planta (Nitrato Cardy) e realizada a análise de macro e micronutrientes da parte aérea. Foi realizada análise de variância e quando houve significância foi feita análise de regressão polinomial, definindo o melhor ajuste segundo combinação de significância e maior coeficiente de determinação. Verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada influenciou positivamente o desenvolvimento, a produção e o estado nutricional de plantas de Costus productus produzidas em vaso. A dose de 4,8 g planta-1 proporcionou maior produção de hastes florais e maior desenvolvimento verificado pelas maiores médias de altura ...
Abstract: Among the tropical ornamental species, those belonging to the Costaceae family have been highlighted, especially Costus productus Maas, which can be used as cut flowers, garden plant and pot plant. Due to the lack of information on the management of mineral nutrition of ornamental plants, especially for Costus species, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the development, flowering and nutritional status of C. productus as pot plants. Pots of 14 L were used for the experiment, which were kept under protection at Ubatuba Research and Development Unit (APTA/UPDU), in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A complete randomized block design was used, with five treatments corresponding to increasing doses of N (1.2; 2.4; 3.6; 4.8 g plant-1; and absence of N) and five replications; each plot was represented by one pot containing one plant. The planting was in October 28 of 2011, and the variables evaluated along 13 months of the plant production cycle were: pot filling and number of inflorescences. After 13 months of the planting, were evaluated height, dry mass of the aerial part, nitrate (Cardy) and realized macro and micronutrients analysis. Analysis of variance was performed and, if significant, analysis of polynomial regression was also carried out for the definition of the best adjustment according to the combination of significance and greater determination coefficient. The nitrogen fertilization positively influenced the development, flowering and nutritional status of C. productus plants cultivated in pots. The dose of 4.8 g plant-1 promoted a greater development verified by the highest means of height, dry mass of the aerial part and production of floral stems in addition to the highest contents of N, P, B and Fe in the aerial part
Mestre
Pavuk, Daniel M. "Influence of vegetational diversity in Zea mays plantings on phytophagous, predaceous and parasitic arthropods /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683401441674.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Victor Lee. "Drainage, tillage, rotation effects for corn (Zea mays L.) Grown on an aeric fragiaqualf /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688973682717.
Повний текст джерела