Статті в журналах: "Maintenance Proficiency"

1

Ostovar-Namaghi, Seyyed Ali, and Nahid Rahmanian. "Exploring EFL Learners’ Experience of Foreign Language Proficiency Maintenance: A Phenomenological Study." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.1p.32.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Having developed foreign language proficiency, a large number of EFL learners experience some degrees of foreign language loss later in life since English has no social function in many EFL contexts including Iran. However, there are some language learners who actively maintain and develop their proficiency long after they leave language education programs. This study aims at uncovering techniques applied by this minority group in maintaining their foreign language proficiency. Participants who were willing to share their experience of proficiency maintenance were selected through purposive and snowball sampling and verbalizations of their experience were then analyzed in line with phenomenology research design. Abstraction and thematic analysis of the participants’ experiences revealed that they actively create conditions that are conducive to proficiency maintenance such as reviewing previously learned materials, watching target language movies and actively manipulating subtitles, reading for pleasure, attending discussion groups, and using internet to communicate in the target language. While proficiency loss and attrition is the norm in EFL contexts, maintenance is an exception; hence, the findings of this study have clear and immediate implications for both foreign language teachers and learners since they provide them with down-to-earth, data-driven techniques of proficiency maintenance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Huensch, Amanda, Nicole Tracy-Ventura, Judith Bridges, and Jhon A. Cuesta Medina. "Variables affecting the maintenance of L2 proficiency and fluency four years post-study abroad." Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 96–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sar.17015.hue.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This study explored the attrition / maintenance of second language (L2) proficiency by examining longitudinally the oral skills of a group of L2 French and L2 Spanish participants (n = 33) four years after study abroad, and three years after completing an undergraduate degree in languages. Multiple regressions were conducted to determine the extent to which language contact / use and attained proficiency at the end of study abroad could predict changes in fluency and oral proficiency. Results demonstrated that those variables that improved significantly during study abroad (e.g., speech rate) were maintained four years later. The amount of target language contact / use played a role in maintenance of aspects of fluency such as speech rate and frequency of silent pauses, whereas proficiency attained at the end of study abroad played a role in the use of corrections. Both language contact / use and proficiency attained are important variables in the long-term maintenance of overall proficiency.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Spiker, V. Alan, Walter R. Harper, and John F. Hayes. "The Effect of Job Experience on the Maintenance Proficiency of Army Automotive Mechanics." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 27, no. 3 (June 1985): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088502700306.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The proficiency of 70 Army automotive mechanics in performing two repair tasks was examined under controlled test conditions. The tasks were installation of a generator and a starter on a tank engine. The subjects were assigned to one of 10 job-experience (JE) categories based on the number of times they had performed the repair tasks. The 10 experience categories ranged from no previous experience to nine or more times. Six dimensions of maintenance proficiency were measured: quality checks, adherence to procedures, repair time, information use, tool selection, and tool use. Overall, proficiency improved markedly for mechanics in the 0 to 5 JE range, peaked between 5 and 6 JE, and declined somewhat for mechanics with more than 6 JE. The job-experience/proficiency function was similar for both repair tasks and all six dimensions of proficiency. The results indicate that job experience could be a valid predictor of maintenance proficiency and training needs if based on an analysis of a larger sample of representative maintenance tasks and validated with a larger subject population.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Cabahug, Ruel R., David J. Edwards, and John Nicholas. "Classifying plant operator maintenance proficiency: Examining personal variables." Building Research & Information 32, no. 2 (March 2004): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961321032000105403.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Harris, Portia J. "An expert systems technology approach to maintenance proficiency." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 11, no. 3 (September 1994): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(94)90034-5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Nugroho, Him’mawan Adi, Utami Widiati, and Ani Susanti. "EFL teachers’ perceptions on professional development for language proficiency maintenance and improvement." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22966.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<span lang="EN-US">This case study investigated the phenomenon of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions of professional development (PD) related to language proficiency, which has become a critical issue in the field of EFL teaching and has played an important role in facilitating students to learn English well. Interview guides were employed as the main instrument to elicit information about PD activities related to language proficiency maintenance and improvement, comprising closed-ended and open-ended items. The participants of the study were six professional EFL teachers who have had 5 to 30 years of teaching experience, selected from high schools in a capital city in Indonesia. Data were analyzed descriptively to result in frequencies of importance levels and qualitatively to explore patterns of PD activities. The results showed that two factors affecting the participants’ acknowledgement of the importance of language proficiency PD activities: the need to maintain and improve language proficiency and the benefits of proficiency for teaching and learning. It is recommended that Indonesian EFL teachers develop self-awareness of the importance of improving their skills not only pedagogically but also professionally and realize that PD for language proficiency in particular is imperative to help them keep their professionalism high. </span>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Bylund, Emanuel, Niclas Abrahamsson, and Kenneth Hyltenstam. "DOES FIRST LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE HAMPER NATIVELIKENESS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE?" Studies in Second Language Acquisition 34, no. 2 (May 14, 2012): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263112000034.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Within the field of SLA, the incidence of nativelikeness in second language (L2) speakers has typically been explained as a function of age of acquisition. An alternative interpretation, however, is that L2 learners do not attain nativelike proficiency because of first language (L1) maintenance. This interpretation has nevertheless remained mostly theoretical due to the lack of empirical evidence. This study sets out to address the role of L1 proficiency in L2 ultimate attainment by examining L1 and L2 proficiency in 30 early L1 Spanish–L2 Swedish bilinguals. Language proficiency was assessed through grammaticality judgment tests and cloze tests, and additional data on language aptitude were collected through the Swansea Language Aptitude Test (v.2.0; Meara, Milton, & Lorenzo-Dus, 2002). The results showed positive correlations between nativelike L1 and L2 behavior. Additionally, it was found that language aptitude was positively correlated with nativelike L1 and L2 performance. In view of these findings, it is suggested that (a) L1 maintenance does not hamper L2 nativelikeness and (b) language aptitude is an important factor for bilingual ultimate attainment.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Park, Heejung, Kim M. Tsai, Lisa L. Liu, and Anna S. Lau. "Transactional associations between supportive family climate and young children’s heritage language proficiency in immigrant families." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 3 (April 19, 2012): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025412439842.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Heritage language (HL) proficiency confers developmental benefits; however, the onset of HL loss is observed among many young children from immigrant families. In this longitudinal study, transactional associations between children’s HL proficiency and supportive family climate were examined in Chinese immigrant families with pre-school-aged children. Parental warmth, cultural maintenance values, and use of HL support were investigated as aspects of family climate. Measures included observable parent–child interactions and performance-based language proficiency assessments. While parental cultural maintenance values appeared influential, parental behavioral support of HL showed more robust prospective associations with children’s HL development. Concurrently, children’s earlier HL proficiency predicted subsequent parental behavior; parents whose children had limited HL proficiency decreased their use of HL support 1 later. Implications of the findings are discussed for immigrant parents with young children.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

JIA, GISELA, and DORIS AARONSON. "A longitudinal study of Chinese children and adolescents learning English in the United States." Applied Psycholinguistics 24, no. 1 (January 21, 2003): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716403000079.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Ten native Chinese-speaking children and adolescents who immigrated to the United States between ages 5 and 16 were studied for 3 years. The changes in their language preferences, language environments, and proficiency in English, their second language (L2), as well as Chinese, their first language (L1), were measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants with arrival ages of 9 or younger switched their language preference from L1 to L2 within the first year, were exposed to a significantly richer L2 than L1 environment, and became more proficient in L2 than in L1. The older participants maintained their preference for L1 across the 3 years, were exposed to a significantly richer L1 than L2 environment, and maintained L1 as the more proficient language. Interactions among L1 proficiency, peer interactions, social abilities, and cultural preferences jointly influenced the dominant language switch or maintenance processes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Hessel, Gianna. "Overall L2 proficiency maintenance and development among returning ERASMUS study abroad participants." Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 5, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sar.19011.hes.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This study examines the sustainability of gains in overall English proficiency made by 81 German students on ERASMUS study abroad placements in the UK (lasting one term or one academic year) following their return to their home country. Students were tracked using C-tests and questionnaires from pre-study abroad up until nine months post-return. Their development was compared with that of 25 peers who applied for ERASMUS placements, but continued studying at home. The analysis presented focuses on the post-return phase and includes factors associated with individual differences in L2 proficiency development post-return, self-perceived L2 skills development, and returnees’ perceived needs regarding further language classes. Results show that students tended to sustain gains in overall L2 proficiency made during study abroad. L2 proficiency level achieved by the end of study abroad, self-efficacy in using the L2 in social interactions, and majoring in English were all positively associated with post-return L2 development.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Edwards, David J., Junli Yang, Ruel Cabahug, and Peter E. D. Love. "Intelligence and maintenance proficiency: an examination of plant operators." Construction Innovation 5, no. 4 (December 2005): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14714170510815285.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Edwards, David J., Junli Yang, Ruel Cabahug, and Peter E. D. Love. "Intelligence and maintenance proficiency: an examination of plant operators." Construction Innovation 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1471417505ci100oa.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

LAWRENCE, JOSHUA F., LAUREN CAPOTOSTO, LEE BRANUM-MARTIN, CLAIRE WHITE, and CATHERINE E. SNOW. "Language proficiency, home-language status, and English vocabulary development: A longitudinal follow-up of the Word Generation program." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 3 (January 4, 2012): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000393.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This longitudinal quasi-experimental study examines the effects of Word Generation, a middle-school vocabulary intervention, on the learning, maintenance, and consolidation of academic vocabulary for students from English-speaking homes, proficient English speakers from language-minority homes, and limited English-proficiency students. Using individual growth modeling, we found that students receiving Word Generation improved more on target word knowledge during the instructional period than students in comparison schools did, on average. We found an interaction between instruction and home-language status such that English-proficient students from language-minority homes improved more than English-proficient students from English-speaking homes. Limited English-proficiency students, however, did not realize gains equivalent to those of more proficient students from language-minority homes during the instructional period. We administered follow-up assessments in the fall after the instructional period ended and in the spring of the following year to determine how well students maintained and consolidated target academic words. Students in the intervention group maintained their relative improvements at both follow-up assessments.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Brehmer, Bernhard. "Maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany: A longitudinal approach." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 855–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-4-855-885.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The study discusses the perspectives of long-term maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany. Based on data from a longitudinal study (2014-2018) we investigated changes in the sociolinguistic situation of 19 adolescent heritage speakers and in their proficiency in Russian. The aim was to investigate whether changes in the participants sociolinguistic situation are reflected in their knowledge of Russian. Data on the sociolinguistic situation were collected via an extensive questionnaire that the participants had to fill out once a year. Language proficiency was measured by experimental tasks targeting different linguistic domains. For the current paper, we used data from the longitudinal measurement of lexical and grammatical proficiency. The results revealed that the participants exposure to Russian input is decreasing in several domains over time, especially concerning media consumption and personal visits to the homeland. Russian is increasingly restricted to interactions with parents, and to educational settings (classes in Russian as a foreign or heritage language). Regarding language attitudes, our participants explicitly consider Russian important primarily for family interactions and cultural factors, but less with regard to career goals. Nevertheless, there was a positive trend in lexical and grammatical proficiency. We interpret these findings as a result of the prolonged exposure to heritage language instruction which leads to a stabilized proficiency in Russian. Given the institutional support and the size of the community, we hypothesize that the perspectives for long-term maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in Germany are better than for Russian heritage speaker communities in other countries.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Yang, Wenzhong Eric. "Chinese Language Maintenance: A Study of Chinese-American Parental Perceptions and Activities." Journal of Chinese Overseas 3, no. 2 (2007): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325407788639704.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis study focuses on Chinese-American parents' perceptions of their children's Chinese language use and proficiency. The sites for this study were weekend Chinese schools in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. A self-administered survey was conducted by using a random sample of 209 parents from different backgrounds. Results have indicated that these Chinese-American parents had high expectations of their children's Chinese language proficiency and tried to maintain their unique Chinese heritage and culture. When comparing parental perceptions of different groups, significant differences were found between parents of different income levels. Significant differences were also found in parental activities related to Chinese language proficiency between parents of gifted/talented students and those of average students. No significant differences were found in other groups. Bivariate Correlation analyses indicated that parental perceptions and activities were highly positively-correlated.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Edwards, David J., Gary D. Holt, and Barry Robinson. "An artificial intelligence approach for improving plant operator maintenance proficiency." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 2002): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552510210439810.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Nakanishi, Nobuko, and Donna Starks. "The effects of community contact on L1 maintenance: a study of New Zealand Japanese immigrants and sojourners." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2022, no. 273 (January 1, 2022): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0006.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper explores the effects of social networks on the reported language proficiency of three groups of New Zealand Japanese children. Drawing on a quantitative analysis of data collected from questionnaire-based interviews, this study reveals that children of sojourner families and children of immigrant families of mixed and non-mixed backgrounds, each with their differing levels of reported Japanese proficiency, benefit from different types of social networks. The results found that sojourner networks are important for sojourner children’s Japanese language proficiency. For this group, wider types of contact with the New Zealand Japanese community show little positive effects. These findings contrast with that of Japanese immigrants where community social networks show a diverse range of positive effects on the reported Japanese proficiency of children from mixed and non-mixed family backgrounds. The findings suggest that researchers should give further consideration into the differing effects of social networks on different subgroups within diasporic communities.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Šipka, Danko. "Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Heritage Speakers in Four Major U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Resources for the Attainment of Full Professional Linguistic Proficiency." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2759n.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The present study analyzes heritage learners of Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) from four major U.S. metropolitan areas. The focus is on the prospects of their attaining full professional language proficiency. Several major factors in language maintenance and the possibility of attaining full professional proficiency in the language are identified. The design and testing of a syllabus for heritage language speakers is provided and discussed. The author concludes with a call for the creation of a BCS heritage language centre as a durable solution for providing heritage language learners a path toward full professional proficiency.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Stefanidis, Dimitrios, Rafael Sierra, Sarah Markley, Bruce Dunne, James Korndorffer, Cheri Touchard, and Daniel Scott. "Proficiency maintenance: impact of ongoing simulator training on laparoscopic skill retention." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 201, no. 3 (September 2005): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.179.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Stefanidis, Dimitrios, James R. Korndorffer, Sarah Markley, Rafael Sierra, and Daniel J. Scott. "Proficiency Maintenance: Impact of Ongoing Simulator Training on Laparoscopic Skill Retention." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 202, no. 4 (April 2006): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.12.018.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Beldiman, Alexandru Marian, and Tiberiu Csaszar. "Maintenance of on-premise test equipment for high quality tests." MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300028.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The use of equipment in areas where flammable substances may be released requires explosion protection for them. Explosion protection must be confirmed in the certification process, which in addition to assessment also requires testing. The tests to which equipment must be subjected to confirm explosion protection are regulated by specific standards, depending on the type of protection adopted. This paper focuses on the issues involved in ensuring the quality of test results for low current equipment. For the quality assurance of test results the required aspects are: proficiency testing, use of certified reference materials, repetition of tests using the same methods, retesting of retained items, correlation of test results for different characteristics of a product and control chart where applicable. Another important aspect is the conditions of use and operating condition of the equipment. Thus, maintenance, periodic inspection and interim checks of laboratory equipment are an essential part of ensuring the quality of results. An important conclusion of the work is that the important aspect for quality assurance of test results is proficiency testing, which confirms not only the suitability of the equipment used but also the conformity of the test procedures.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Makarova, Veronika, Natalia Terekhova, and Amin Mousavi. "Children’s language exposure and parental language attitudes in Russian-as-a-heritage-language acquisition by bilingual and multilingual children in Canada." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917740058.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The research study presented in this paper aims to describe some aspects of the maintenance of Russian as a heritage language among bilingual/multilingual children in Saskatchewan, Canada. The study focuses on the relationship between parents’ language attitudes and children’s language exposure on the one hand and child language proficiency on the other hand. The research questions are as follows. What are the language attitudes of Russian-speaking parents in minority settings? Is there a connection between parents’ language attitudes and children’s language proficiency? What is the scope of Russian language exposure of bilingual/multilingual children within and outside of the family? Is there a connection between this exposure and children’s language proficiency? Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted within a Variationist Sociolinguistics framework. The following methods were employed in the study: a questionnaire study of parents’ language attitudes and of language use within and outside the family; an assessment of children’s speech production based on narratives elicited from children with the help of pictures (language proficiency parameters). Data and Analysis: Thirty parents (aged 31–43) and children (aged 5–7) participated in the study. The questionnaire addressed to parents included 52 demographic and research questions. A statistical analysis of parents’ language attitudes and language use by parents and their children as measured against language proficiency parameters was conducted with the help of correlation analysis. Findings/Conclusions: Study results indicate that Russian-speaking parents in Saskatchewan are interested in passing Russian to their children. The study also suggests that language exposure parameters, as well as language attitudes held by parents, correlate with children’s heritage language fluency. Originality: The study indicates that even in environments unfavorable for heritage language maintenance, a child can still successfully acquire Russian as a heritage language. Significance/Implications: The study clarifies the set of parameters relevant for heritage language maintenance among bilingual/multilingual children. It also suggests the importance of bilingualism/multilingualism for some groups of the immigrant population in Canada.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Gynan, Shaw N. "Hispanic Immigration and Spanish Maintenance as Indirect Measures of Ethnicity: Reality and Perceptions." Ethnic Studies Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1997.20.1.41.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Many supporters of official English have accused U.S. Hispanics of refusing to learn English and rejecting the traditional assimilationist model by clinging to their ethnolinguistic identity. An analysis of U.S. Census data from the last thirty years refutes these claims. The picture of U.S. Hispanic maintenance of ethnolinguistic identity has evolved. Here we show that while adult Spanish loyalty has decreased, youth Spanish loyalty has increased; however, Spanish maintenance does not occur at the expense of English proficiency. Once recent immigrants are subtracted from the Hispanic population, U.S. Census figures show clearly that long-term limited English proficiency has decreased substantially. This analysis clearly supports the conclusions of experts who have noted that Hispanic youth are embracing a bilingual model, one which allows them to maintain their ethnolinguistic identity while acquiring the English skills necessary for success in the United States.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Qiu, Chun-an, and Zhouzan Qiu. "Language Maintenance and Shift of a fangyan Group: The Case of Mid-Mountain Hakka in Hakka-Chaoshan Adjoining Areas." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221132521.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Previous studies have discussed the impact of social context on language maintenance and shift of Chinese fangyan in metropolises, but not enough in rural areas. To explore the language maintenance and shift of the Hakka fangyan among Mid-mountain Hakka (MMH), a sub-branch of the Hakka people who live in Hakka-Chaoshan adjoining areas, this study examined the language proficiency, use, attitudes, and group identity of 200 residents in Jiexi County using quantitative and qualitative data. Through an analysis of survey- and interview-based self-reported data, our results revealed that although MMH seemed able to maintain the Hakka fangyan at a good level overall, there was still a sharp intergenerational decline in fangyan proficiency, use, attitudes, and awareness of Hakka identity and culture. Furthermore, there may have been a shift from the predominance of Hakka-Chaoshan bilinguals to the predominance of Hakka- Putonghua bilinguals across generations. We also constructed a model of the factors influencing language maintenance and shift of MMH. This study helps enhance our understanding of the role of group identity in language maintenance and shift, and has important implications for the practice of fangyan protection in rural areas of China.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Edwards, David J., Ruel R. Cabahug, and John Nicholas. "The Impact of Training and Education Characteristics Upon Plant Operator Maintenance Proficiency." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 1, no. 2 (February 2003): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb060893.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Mistar, Junaidi, and Atik Umamah. "STRATEGIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING SKILL BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SPEAKING PROFICIENCY." TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v25i2/203-216.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper was a subset report of a research project on skill-based English learning strategies by Indonesian EFL learners. It focusses on the attempts to reveal: (1) the differences in the use of strategies of learning speaking skill by male and female learners, and (2) the contribution of strategies of learning speaking skill on the learners' speaking proficiency. The data from 595 second year senior high school students from eleven schools in East Java, Indonesia were collected using a 70 item questionnaire of Oral Communication Learning Strategy (OCLS) and a 10 item self-assessment of speaking proficiency. The statistical analysis revealed that gender provided significant effects on the intensity of use of six types of strategies of learning speaking skill – interactional-maintenance, self-evaluation, fluency-oriented, time gaining, compensation, and interpersonal strategies – with female learners reporting higher intensity of use. A further analysis found that four strategy types – interactional-maintenance, self-improvement, compensation, and memory strategies – greatly contribute to the speaking proficiency. These findings imply that strategies-based instruction, covering the four most influential strategies, needs to be integrated explicitly in the speaking class to help learners, particularly male learners, cope with problems in learning speaking skill.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Castilla-Earls, Anny, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux, Lourdes Martinez-Nieto, Maria Adelaida Restrepo, and Christopher Barr. "Vulnerability of clitics and articles to bilingual effects in typically developing Spanish–English bilingual children." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000610.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis study examines bilingual effects in Spanish–English bilingual children with good maintenance of the minority language. The present study compares the performance of a group of Spanish-monolingual children (MON; n = 30) with two groups of Spanish-speaking bilingual children (Low English proficiency group: LEP; n = 36; High English proficiency group, HEP; n = 36) on the elicited productions of Spanish articles and object clitics. Our results suggest that children with LEP performed significantly lower than MON children of the same age on both articles and clitics in Spanish. However, children with HEP, who were a year older on average, performed similarly to the MON group. Both groups of bilingual children produced errors of clitic omission and substitution, but these errors were minimal in the MON group. The results suggest that Spanish clitics and articles are vulnerable to bilingual effects for English/Spanish speaking children with good Spanish maintenance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

McAllister, Ian. "Speaking the language: Language maintenance and English proficiency among immigrant youth in Australia*." Ethnic and Racial Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1986): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1986.9993513.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Laufer, Batia, and Liubov Baladzhaeva. "First language attrition without second language acquisition." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 166, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.166.2.02lau.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We investigate whether Russian immigrants in Israel with little or no knowledge of Hebrew (L2) experience attrition of Russian (L1). We compared immigrants with no knowledge of Hebrew (−Hebrew), immigrants who knew Hebrew (+Hebrew), and monolingual controls on correctness judgment of collocations and of complex grammatical constructions. On collocations, the −Hebrew immigrants performed similarly to the +Hebrew immigrants. On grammatical constructions, they performed worse. Results of grammatical constructions correlated positively with Hebrew proficiency and usage. We conclude that immigrants with no L2 knowledge can experience just as much, or even more, attrition of L1 as immigrants with L2 knowledge. Moreover, higher L2 proficiency may positively affect L1 maintenance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Mashaud, L. B., L. A. Hollett, A. O. Castellvi, D. C. Hogg, S. T. Tesfay, and D. J. Scott. "2-Year Skill Retention and Certification Exam Performance Following FLS Training and Proficiency Maintenance." Journal of Surgical Research 158, no. 2 (February 2010): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.404.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Medina, Marcello. "Spanish Achievement in a Maintenance Bilingual Education Program: Language Proficiency, Grade and Gender Comparisons." Bilingual Research Journal 17, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15235882.1993.10162648.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Yoshimitsu, Kuniko. "Japanese school children in Melbourne and their language maintenance efforts." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.10.2.07yos.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper presents a case study of language maintenance efforts made by bilingual Japanese children in Melbourne whose parents are of Japanese background. The children were selected from two sub-groups in the Japanese community: the children of business sojourners (temporary residents), the largest sub-group in the community, and the children of permanent residents, the second largest sub-group. Focusing on the micro-level language planning for maintenance, this study examines the speakers’ degree and direction of maintenance in terms of Japanese language proficiency, and it analyses the correlation between the maintenance achieved, the factors, and the strategies adopted. Two instruments have been developed for the assessment of speakers’ naturally occurring spoken discourse data. It is argued that the children’s differing residential status, being either a sojourner or permanent resident, is a key factor affecting the maintenance process and its outcomes, and that maintenance at the micro-level, specifically individual and family levels, is the result of the combined efforts of the parents and the children.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Kwon, Hwi-Jin, Seung-Il Lee, Ju-Hyung Park, and Chul-Su Kim. "Design of Augmented Reality Training Content for Railway Vehicle Maintenance Focusing on the Axle-Mounted Disc Brake System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 9090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199090.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Light maintenance training for electric multiple-unit components of the organization of railway operations is generally conducted using maintenance manuals and work videos, following the guidelines of each organization. These manuals are in the form of booklets, complicated and inconvenient for maintenance operators to carry. Therefore, training content that visualizes maintenance procedures in a three-dimensions (3D) space is necessary to overcome the drawbacks of booklet-type training. In this study, we developed augmented reality (AR)-based training content for railway vehicle maintenance to increase training efficiency. Providing warning signs for risky procedures reduces human error, and transparency control makes trainees check the product hierarchy. A virtual experience based on the maintenance manual is provided to improve maintenance proficiency. An axle-mounted disc brake system maintenance manual is implemented in AR to reflect the requirements of maintenance operators. The convenience of this tool is improved by loading the AR content on a mobile device. Two methods of verification were used: the system usability scale (SUS) survey and training efficiency evaluation. The resulting SUS grade was B (excellent), and the training efficiency improved by 34%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Shishkin, Elena, and Peter Ecke. "Language Dominance, Verbal Fluency, and Language Control in two Groups of Russian–English Bilinguals." Languages 3, no. 3 (July 14, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3030027.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study explored language dominance, verbal fluency, and language control abilities of two groups of younger and older Russian–English bilinguals who had spent similar amounts of time as immigrants in the U.S. Verbal fluency tasks (based on letter and semantic cues, including a new method to elicit parallel letter-fluency data for Russian and English) were used to measure the bilinguals’ current lexical retrieval skills in addition to self-assessments of language proficiencies at time of study and time of arrival. Stroop tasks (naming colors with incongruent cues) were used to measure younger and older bilinguals’ ability to control interference during color-naming. Findings demonstrate that the older immigrants were less fluent in L2 naming tasks and that they remained dominant (more proficient) in their L1 whereas the younger immigrants had become relatively balanced bilinguals in terms of proficiency, fluent in both the L1 and L2. Younger and older bilinguals were equally capable of controlling interference across and within the two languages. We propose that it is not balance in bilingual proficiency that positively affects language control abilities, but balance as stability of language systems. Stability of language systems can be achieved if bilingual usage patterns remain relatively constant over several years and if no radical changes in language learning and maintenance efforts are required.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Genee, Inge. "“It’s written niisto but it sounds like knee stew.”." Written Language and Literacy 23, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00031.gen.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper argues for pragmatism rather than linguistic purity in orthography design for endangered Indigenous languages such as Blackfoot, emphasizing the need to see orthography standardization as a dynamic process rather than a static result. It explores the ongoing lack of community agreement about the best way to write the Blackfoot language and lack of widespread proficiency in the use of its standard orthography, and then describes ways in which this is mitigated in the Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project, a suite of web resources created to support language maintenance and revitalization work. The website uses a combination of relaxed searches, alternative spelling fields, and multimedia content to increase accessibility of the resources for users lacking proficiency in the standard orthography.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Genee, Inge. "“It’s written niisto but it sounds like knee stew”." Written Language and Literacy 23, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00031gen.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper argues for pragmatism rather than linguistic purity in orthography design for endangered Indigenous languages such as Blackfoot, emphasizing the need to see orthography standardization as a dynamic process rather than a static result. It explores the ongoing lack of community agreement about the best way to write the Blackfoot language and lack of widespread proficiency in the use of its standard orthography, and then describes ways in which this is mitigated in the Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project, a suite of web resources created to support language maintenance and revitalization work. The website uses a combination of relaxed searches, alternative spelling fields, and multimedia content to increase accessibility of the resources for users lacking proficiency in the standard orthography.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Andreou, Maria, Eva Knopp, Christiane Bongartz, and Ianthi Maria Tsimpli. "Character reference in Greek-German bilingual children’s narratives." EUROSLA Yearbook 15 (July 31, 2015): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.15.01and.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study investigates reference management of two groups of 8–12 year old Greek–German bilinguals, resident in Greece (Bilinguals_GR N = 38) and in Germany (Bilinguals_GE N = 39). We analyze the bilinguals’ retellings in each language and compare them with data from two monolingual control groups of Greek and German children (Monolinguals_GR and Monolinguals_GE, N = 20 respectively). We seek to establish how the use of referential forms in character introduction, maintenance and reintroduction in the bilinguals’ narrative retellings is affected by language dominance and whether proficiency in each language patterns similarly with respect to dominance in input. Our results indicate that differences in choice of referential form can be attributed to language dominance. Bilingual production of referential expressions differed from that of monolinguals when exposure to one language outweighed the other, as in the case of Bilinguals_GE. Similarly, proficiency in terms of vocabulary, verb diversity and syntactic complexity was affected in the weaker language for this group, which showed a strong dominance in German input. When exposure was more balanced (Bilinguals_GR), proficiency measures in both languages were affected, but to a lesser degree.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Stell, Gerald, and Marko Dragojevic. "Multilingual Accommodation in Namibia." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, no. 2 (July 26, 2016): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x16650718.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study examined how six different ethnolinguistic groups in Windhoek, capital of Namibia, adjust their language use during intergroup encounters. Invoking communication accommodation theory, we predicted that relatively low-vitality groups (high-vitality groups) would be inclined towards linguistic convergence (maintenance), but that these general patterns would be moderated by prevailing sociocultural norms and each group’s language proficiency. These hypotheses were largely supported. Relatively low-vitality groups tended to linguistically converge (typically via lingua francas), whereas relatively high-vitality groups tended to engage in linguistic maintenance. This resulted in two distinct patterns of adjustment: (a) symmetrical accommodation in interactions involving groups of relatively equal vitality, typically consisting of mutual convergence to lingua francas or mutual maintenance of a shared heritage language and (b) asymmetrical accommodation in intergroup interactions involving groups of relatively unequal vitality, typically consisting of upward convergence among lower vitality groups, and maintenance among higher vitality groups.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Chukwuedo, Samson Onyeluka, and Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya. "Potential pathways for proficiency training in computer maintenance technology among prospective electronic technology education graduates." Education + Training 62, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-07-2019-0146.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cause–effect relationship between vocational support and the levels of acquisition of practical skills via learning self-efficacy during a training intervention in computer maintenance technology among vocational electronic technology students. Design/methodology/approach Quasi-experimental research was employed. The participants were 84 undergraduates of vocational electronic technology education in Nigeria. The study applied the modified stages of the Dreyfus model of skills acquisition as the training model. The study proposed a four-simple mediation models based on the first four stages of the modified Dreyfus model of skills acquisition (namely, novice, advanced beginner, competent and proficient stages) via practical skills learning self-efficacy. Findings The result showed significant effects of perceived vocational support in practical skills training on the levels of acquisition of practical skills in computer maintenance technology. Learning self-efficacy mediated the relationship between perceived vocational support and three levels of practical skills acquisition (advanced beginner, competent and proficient). Research limitations/implications All possible mediation pathways were not covered in this study. However, the study x-rayed the tendency of pathways in training intervention in vocational education and allied fields of study. Practical implications This study has empirically provided evidence to support the Dreyfus model of skills acquisition, as a plausible practical skills training model. Hence, the study can serve as a model for other researchers for replication in other fields of study. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that revealed potential pathways in work-related practical skills training interventions. The study has also validated the Dreyfus model as a potential skill acquisition model for practical skills training.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Niewoehner, Ludwig, Jan Andrasko, Jan Biegstraaten, Lawrence Gunaratnam, Sylvia Steffen, and Steffen Uhlig. "Maintenance of the ENFSI Proficiency Test Program on Identification of GSR by SEM/EDX (GSR2003)." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 4 (2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2004454.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Petrov, Dmytro, Oleg Khudolii, and Mirosława Cieślicka. "Motor Skills: Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Boys." Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2020.2.02.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys. Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Yang, Jaeseok. "Korean ESL Parents’ Perspectives and Maintenance of Mother Tongue: A Case Study of Two Korean Mothers." English Language Teaching 10, no. 11 (October 18, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n11p183.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This case study explores the language attitudes and perceptions of Korean parents, with regard to their children’s native language maintenance and ESL education in the US. The primary focuses are on (1) what aspects are held by Korean parents toward the maintenance of the native language in the US, and (2) how these perspectives operate in their children’s language education. The data for this study includes autobiographies and in-depth interviews with two Korean mothers whose children attend a Korean language program at a Korean school in the US. The findings indicate three emerging issues, including native language maintenance, practices of language using, and identity formation. The elicited data underscores that English exceeds its meaning as a single language. For the parents, the English proficiency signifies prospective social outcomes (e.g., employment, wealth, and education) for their children’s life in the future.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Gándara, Patricia, and Russell W. Rumberger. "Defining an Adequate Education for English Learners." Education Finance and Policy 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2008.3.1.130.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article explores the components of an “adequate” education for linguistic minority students in California and attempts to distinguish these from the components of an adequate education for low-income students who are native English speakers. About 1.6 million students were classified as English learners (ELs) in California in 2006. We argue that in order to determine the costs of educating these students, it is necessary to specify the goals of instruction. Four possible goals are: (1) reclassification to fluent English proficient (FEP) only; (2) reclassification to FEP and maintenance of academic proficiency; (3) reclassification with biliteracy; and (4) reclassification and closing of achievement gaps. Each goal implies different resource needs. We conclude that most additional resources needed by EL students are similar to those for other low-income children; some specific areas of need that differ are English language development (ELD) materials and additional skills for teachers. Biliteracy can be achieved with modest additional investment.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Mazurenko, Iuliia. "TRAINING OF FUTURE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS FOR IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 46, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4609.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The aim of the paper is to study the problem of future aircraft maintenance engineers’ training for improving professional communication. Higher aviation educational institutions ensure that graduates master communication skills and acquire communication competencies that allow them to solve typical tasks of their work. Due to internalization and globalization of aviation sphere, communication in the international airports is carried out in English. However, the level of English proficiency of future aircraft maintenance engineers is not sufficient to communicate effectively while performing professional tasks. To solve the problem the pedagogical conditions of future aircraft maintenance engineers’ training for improving professional communication are suggested (enhancing motivation to communicate through active interaction and creating situations of success in the classroom; modeling professional communicative situations to ensure the practical orientation of training; use of technological innovations for self-analysis and self-education). The defined pedagogical conditions are implemented through specially chosen methods: interactive (ice-breaking, warming up activities, training exercises, etc.), case study, role playing, ICT (based on Learning Management Systems MOODLE).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Kaur, Reshminder. "Identifying Aircraft Maintenance Trainees' English Language Learning Needs." Malaysian Journal of ELT Research 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52696/ijcb2913.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the quest to develop an exceptional Aviation English (AE) module for aircraft maintenance engineers (AMEs), it is imperative to determine the specific English language learning needs of those majoring in aircraft maintenance. This study aimed to identify the English language skills AMEs use in their workplace. Meanwhile, the findings allowed module developers and language instructors to tailor a content-specific module that met future AMEs' language needs and helped improve their language proficiency. The qualitative study was performed at the University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (UniKL MIAT). Data were collected using three types of instruments, namely i) interviews; ii) interaction analysis, and iii) text analysis. Based on data collected from six respondents, the findings showed that AMEs require special attention in improving their writing and technical writing ability. Besides, reading is another skill that needs special attention. Those involved in aircraft maintenance must read technical manuals, give instructions, and have good comprehension ability to minimise miscommunication and misinterpretation. Furthermore, although listening and speaking skills are exceptional skills, maintenance engineers' need to master reading comprehension and writing is more than other engineering-related positions. The investigation revealed that aircraft maintenance trainees must be equipped with relevant language skills. The findings would help course module developers and language instructors produce modules that meet the aviation trainees' needs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Delčev, Siniša, Jelena Gučević, and Vukan Ogrizović. "Participation of Accredited Laboratories in Proficiency Testing Schemes and Interlaboratory Comparisons." Key Engineering Materials 637 (February 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.637.13.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper presents the elements of metrology laboratory accreditation for calibration in the scope of calibration E-05 Dimensions, and calibration for the subject: the distance and angle measures. During the accreditation, but also in its maintenance, calibration laboratories must prove their competence. Each laboratory must have the quality management procedures for monitoring the validity of the calibrations performed. This monitoring shall be planned and reviewed through: internal quality control, participation in the interlaboratory comparisons or proficiency testing schemes, repeated calibrations using the same or different methods, re-calibration of the saved samples and correlation of results for different characteristics of the sample. According to the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, competence is proved by participating in interlaboratory comparisons or participation in Proficiency testing (PT) schemes. This paper aims to stimulate discussion and debate about ways of proving competence of calibration laboratories. We believe that, in the interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025, the laboratory can demonstrate competence by participating in any activity, PT schemes or interlaboratory comparisons, and they are equal to this need. The procedure and the results of the interlaboratory comparisons between two accredited laboratories will be described.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Shen, Chunxuan, and Wenying Jiang. "Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance." Heritage Language Journal 19, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-12340023.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Fumasoni, Marco, and Andrew W. Murray. "Ploidy and recombination proficiency shape the evolutionary adaptation to constitutive DNA replication stress." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): e1009875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009875.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In haploid budding yeast, evolutionary adaptation to constitutive DNA replication stress alters three genome maintenance modules: DNA replication, the DNA damage checkpoint, and sister chromatid cohesion. We asked how these trajectories depend on genomic features by comparing the adaptation in three strains: haploids, diploids, and recombination deficient haploids. In all three, adaptation happens within 1000 generations at rates that are correlated with the initial fitness defect of the ancestors. Mutations in individual genes are selected at different frequencies in populations with different genomic features, but the benefits these mutations confer are similar in the three strains, and combinations of these mutations reproduce the fitness gains of evolved populations. Despite the differences in the selected mutations, adaptation targets the same three functional modules in strains with different genomic features, revealing a common evolutionary response to constitutive DNA replication stress.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Mashaud, Lauren B., Antonio O. Castellvi, Lisa A. Hollett, Deborah C. Hogg, Seifu T. Tesfay, and Daniel J. Scott. "Two-year skill retention and certification exam performance after fundamentals of laparoscopic skills training and proficiency maintenance." Surgery 148, no. 2 (August 2010): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2010.05.012.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

SNOW, JOHN P., JAMES M. ROSS, MICHAEL G. BERKIN, and EDWARD D. BOSCHEN. "Integrating Naval Aviation Maintenance Training with Sailors' Proficiency Qualification and Its Correlation with Improved Weapon System Readiness." Naval Engineers Journal 119, no. 1 (October 2007): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00003.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Maintenance Proficiency"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями