Дисертації з теми "Main pipelines"
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Netto, Theodoro Antoun. "On the dynamics and arrest of propagating buckles in offshore pipelines /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаCelebi, Yusuf Inan. "Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607216/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаs energy policies and Turkey&rsquo
s foreign relations through the energy issues in the Eurasian region. In the first phase, the energy policies implemented by the state and free market orientation in Turkish energy sector will be discussed. The impacts of neo-liberal economic policies, regional organizations (the European Union and OECD), and global finance institutions (International Monetary Fund &ndash
the IMF and the World Bank &ndash
WB) on Turkish energy sub-sectors, particularly since the beginning of the 1980s, will be examined. In the second phase, Turkey&rsquo
s own autonomy and effectiveness within major energy pipeline projects in the Eurasian energy axis will be questioned in the post-Cold War period. Turkey&rsquo
s relations in the energy issues with the European Union, Middle East, Caucasus and Turkic States, Russia and the United States (US) will be discussed. Basic vulnerabilities in Turkish energy sector and possible acquisitions of Turkey through its international energy deals will be emphasized.
Толбатов, Володимир Аронович, Владимир Аронович Толбатов, Volodymyr Aronovych Tolbatov, І. О. Чередниченко та А. О. Лаврик. "Система управління перекачуванням нафти". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10426.
Повний текст джерелаПотопальська, Ксенія Євгенівна. "Прогнозування надійності елементів конструкцій з локальними корозійними пошкодженнями на основі статистичної оцінки статичної та циклічної міцності". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/42741.
Повний текст джерелаThesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical sciences in specialty 05.02.09 – Dynamics and Strength of Machines (13 – Mechanical Engineering). – National Technical University, "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", 2019. Machine-building structures used in power engineering are worked under conditions of intense cyclic loading and the action of aggressive external or working environments. Long-term using of structures in such conditions is led to corrosion or formation of volumetric defects on working surfaces, thinning of the walls of hull parts and other. It can have led to the appearance of additional zones of localization of deformed state in structural elements that can be differ significantly from the design values, and together with the cyclic nature of the load can led to an intensive accumulation of fatigue of the material and failure. Untimely detection of that defects caused of emergencies, environmental disasters, and cause significant consumer losses. Predicting the reliability of elements of such structurals is an urgent problem whose solution makes it possible to prevent them from sudden failures, to plan repair work, to evaluate operational risks, and so on. The aim of the work is to develop computational approaches to predicting the reliability and estimation of the residual life of structural elements used in energy transportation and power engineering, which have acquired corrosive nature defects based on a statistical evaluation of the stress-strain concentration and fatigue accumulation processes. For solving the tasks formulated on the basis of the stated aim, the approaches to the estimation of the reliability of structural elements used in transportation of energy carriers and power engineering with corrosion-damaged areas has been improved, which are allowed to predict the possible development of corrosion damages and the processes of accumulation of fatigue, which have the follow scientific novelty: 1. New regularities have been obtained concerning the effect of volumetric defects of corrosive nature on the concentration of stresses in structural elements used in the transport of energy carriers and in power engineering under different parameters of these defects in curvilinear sections of structures. 2. For the first time, statistical estimate has been obtained regarding the possible variation of stress concentration in structural elements used in energy transportation and in power engineering in the conditions of forecast of possible stochastic development of corrosion in time and taking into account operational variation of cyclic loading. 3. The statistical models and methods of estimating the process of development of damage in multi- and small-cycle fatigue have been developed, which, unlike the existing models, are taken into account the random change of the deformed state parameters over time, which is caused by the formation of stress concentrations around volumetric surface defects. 4. For the first time have been established the regularities of the influence of corrosion defects of various degrees of development on the prediction of the reliability of the residual life of structural elements based on the improved statistical models of the estimation of the process of fatigue damage accumulation. Using the developed approach to predict the reliability of structural elements, the following practical problems were solved: 1. The parameters of damage and the number of cycles to failure of the elbow of the pipeline with three-dimensional surface defect of the average sizes were defined, with taking into account operational variation of load, which have values in the range from 1 to 50 cycles (up to 1.5 years) at the maximum possible load and from 70 to 470 cycles (2 to 10 years) at minimum load in the pipeline with a defect of medium size, And in the case of a defect stochastically developing number of cycles to failure is from 42 to 700 (from 14 months to 20 years) at the maximum possible load. 2. The effect of composite bandage on the mean-sized pipeline resource was investigated. Calculations have been made for determine the rational dimensions of the composite bandage for the curved portion pipeline with the mean-sized defect. The value of the internal pressure at which equivalent stresses reach the strength limits in the pipeline with a bandage of different thickness (from 25 mm to 175 mm) was determined. It is established that in the presence of a 75 mm bandage with a defect depth of less than 40% of the thickness of the pipeline, the equivalent stresses are reduced by 10% and plastic deformation does not occur at the maximum load. In the case of a defect depth is greater than 40% of the pipeline thickness in the pipeline, the equivalent stresses are reduced from 25% to 50% at different defect sizes, respectively, and equal to the yield strength. The number of cycles to failure when using a composite bandage has increased 100 times, which is making possible for the pipeline to be operated further. 3. Estimation of the residual strength of the pump used in power engineering has been made, taking into account the reduction of the wall thickness of the body parts in consequence from erosion-corrosion wear. The design deformed state was determined when the walls of the housing are thinned from 10% to 30%, which is possible for long-term operation. The values of the number of cycles to failure were obtained with taking into account the accumulation of fatigue damage and the impact of operational wear of the structure. The object of the study is the processes of accumulation of non-localized fatigue damage, as well as the influence of the presence of localized corrosion defects which is development over time on the strength and reliability of structural elements used in energy transportation and in power engineering. The subject of the study is the reliability indicators, as well as the probabilistic characteristics of the parameters of the deformed state and fatigue damage, which are accumulated in the elements of the investigated structures, taking into account the presence and prediction of stochastic development of corrosion defects in it. The main part of the dissertation includes Introduction, Section 1 – "Analysis of modern approaches to solving the problems of reliability of structural elements with acquired damage", Section 2 – "Theoretical bases of modeling elements of structures with corrosion defects", Section 3 – "Probability assessment of strength and reliability of pipeline with corrosion defects and the prediction of their residual life-time", Section 4 – "Analysis of the possibility of improving the reliability of the structure by using composite bandage", Section 5 – "Assessment of the residual life-time of the housing elements of pumps of the energy system" and Conclusions, and also contains 74 figures and 18 tables. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the dissertation topic, formulates its aim and objectives, defines the object, subject and methods of research, scientific novelty and practical significance of the work. Section 1 is presented the analysis of works aimed at predicting the reliability of structural elements in mechanical engineering, the analysis of scientific and technical literature on the study of corrosion-damaged structural elements used in energy transportation and in power engineering. The main methods for determining the residual life-time of structures used in energy transportation and power engineering and which have acquired defects were identified. Approaches to the estimation of fatigue accumulation were analyzed. Section 2 is presented the theoretical foundations for solving the problem of statistical estimation of structural elements with defects, in particular, the estimation of the predicted overall defect sizes in statistical modeling, and a research methodology is defined. The solution of the problem of elastic-plastic deformation with kinematic hardening at a multi-linear deformation diagram is presented. The dependences of the kinetics of growth of the corrosion defect sizes in three directions in time are determined, and also that its overall dimensions at a fixed moment of time are random and obey the log-normal distribution law. Within the framework of continuous damage mechanics, methods of reliability estimation and prediction of residual life-time of damaged sections of structural elements have been improved. In Section 3 the parametric mathematical models for determining the stress-strain state of the curved part of the pipeline in the presence of a three-dimensional surface defect of corrosive character are developed. The peculiarities of stress concentration formation in the damaged parts of structural elements were studied, taking into account the operational variation of the load and the stochastic nature of the development of corrosion defect. Using the developed approach to predicting the reliability of structural elements, the parameters of damage and the number of cycles to failure of the pipeline elbow with volumetric defect, which develops over time with taking into account the operational variation of the load, were determined. Section 4 is investigated the effect of composite bandage on a life-time of pipeline with defect. In order to determine the rational dimensions of the composite bandage, calculations of the curved part of the pipeline with defect with the dimensions obtained during the diagnostics of the pipeline in operation were performed. Calculations were made to determine the rational dimensions of the composite bandage for the curved portion of the mean-sized defect pipeline. According to the developed mathematical model of accumulation of fatigue damage, the number of cycles to failure using a composite bandage on a curved part of a pipeline with a defect of medium size was determined. Section 5 is assessed the residual strength of the pump used in power engineering with taking into account the reduction of the wall thickness of the body parts from erosion-corrosion wear. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of accumulation of fatigue damage and using the results obtained on the deformed state of the structure, the parameter of damage for all possible levels of thinning of the wall of the pump was determined. Research to evaluation the reliability of these structures, taking into account erosion-corrosion wear has been carried out. The conclusions are summared the scientific and practical problems that have been solved in the paper, outlined the most important scientific and practical results, and provided recommendations for the implementation of the research results.
Банахевич, Р. Ю. "Розроблення методу діагностування скупчень у порожнинах лінійної частини магістральних газопроводів". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2015. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4723.
Повний текст джерелаПриведены результаты анализа современного состояния и тенденций развития отечественных и зарубежных достижений по исследуемой проблеме, который позволил определить направления дальнейших исследований. Выполнен анализ причин образования скоплений в полостях газопроводов, исследованы факторы и причины образования гидратных образований в полостях труб при магистральном транспорте газа. Исследовано влияние скоплений на безопасность и режимы эксплуатации газопроводов. Идентифицированы места наиболее вероятного появления скоплений . Проведены экспериментальные исследования с целью установления оптимальных информативных параметров обнаружения гидратных образований в полостях магистральных газопроводов. Разработан опытно-экспериментальный образец прибора для контроля наличия скоплений в полостях линейной части магистральных газопроводов.
The aim of the thesis is to solve the current problem of applied scientific research in the direction of improving methods of exploitation of main gas pipelines through the development and introduction of new methods and means of technical diagnostics clusters in the cavities of the linear part of main gas pipelines. The results of a current state analysis and domestic and foreign developments trends of the researching problem, that allowed to define further research areas. The object of the research is the presence of a main gas pipeline liquid clusters. The subject of research is the methods and means of diagnosing fluid in main gas pipelines. The causes of clusters in the gas pipelines cavities were analyzed, the factors and causes of hydrate formation in the pipes cavities have been investigated at the main gas transport. Provisions are made for protection: the method of determining the location and level of liquids and dirt in the cavity of main gas pipeline. To solve the problems and achieve the goal of a thesis uses methods of analytical modeling, correlation and regression analysis, interpolation data. Experimental study on developing a method of diagnosing clusters in the cavities of the linear part of main gas pipelines and generalization of results were carried out using the theory and practice of technical measurements and experimental design, methods of polynomial filtering of measurement results of mathematical statistics and probability theory, methods of numerical processing of the experimental results to enhance their credibility. Scientific novelty of the results of the thesis by the following provisions: 1. The first time the analytical method for determining the location and volume of fluid accumulation in the cavity of main gas pipelines. 2. For the first time developed a method of technical diagnostics of gas mains pipe cavity without interference in its work and violations of pumping gas is to use ultrasonic method of determining the level of liquid in place of its accumulation in the cavity of the pipe. 3. Improved functional diagram ultrasonic method of technical diagnostics linear part of main gas pipelines, which enabled regardless of environmental conditions, to obtain reliable information on the state of the pipeline. 4. Found a further development of methods of construction and use of technical equipment and diagnostic systems for the evaluation of the technical state of gas mains, which significantly increases the reliability of the transmission system. Solved in dissertation work tasks and the results obtained enable to increase the efficiency and reliability of gas transportation system by applying the proposed method of diagnosing fluid accumulations for their effective withdrawal from the cavities of gas mains pipes for further implementation of in qualitative diagnosis. The basic scientific positions and results are the essence of the thesis received the author alone. The author made the following research: - analyzed and systematized reasons of contamination in the cavity gas pipeline; - analyzed the methodological, technical and regulatory support of technical diagnosing gas pipeline; - developed analytical methods for determining the location and extent of accumulation of fluid in the cavity gas pipeline; - developed, tested and implemented in an industrial environment in the current gas pipeline experimental model, technology information and measuring system of monitoring the presence and amount of fluid in the cavity gas pipeline. The clusters influence on safety and the gas pipelines operation modes was researched. These researches showed that liquid presence makes negatively influence at all the gas-transport system items working, complicates the main gas realization process and substantially worsens gas quality. Besides, the water presence in a gas pipeline considerably complicates the pipelines in-line inspection diagnostics procedure because in such case cleansing and diagnostic pistons damage or their destructions is possible because of the hydraulic shots. The most probable occurrence clusters places were identified. Mainly, it takes place in the ascending overfall heights areas or in deepening. The experimental studies for determination of optimal informative parameters for detection hydrate formation in the pipelines cavities have been done. An acoustic method for the accumulations volume estimation was suggested for using which consists in experimental dependences establishment of the ultrasonic vibrations amplitude with non-technological including type and thickness and ambient temperature that enables high precision (more than 0,9) the non-technological accumulations presence and their volume determination regardless of the environment parameters. An experimental model device has been developed for the non-technical clusters cavities controlling in the pipelines linear parts.
Sawada, Jun. "Formal verification of an advanced pipelined machine /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаUnwala, Ishaq Hasanali. "Pipelined processor modeling with finite homogeneous discrete-time Markov chain /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаФедорович, І. В. "Організаційно-економічне забезпечення процесу відтворення лінійної частини магістральних газопроводів". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2011. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1941.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is dedicated to the development of theoretical principles of formation and operation of reproduction process of linear part of main gas pipelines at gas-transport enterprises. Theoretical principles as for the essence of the concept of “reproduction” are evolved? The influence of factors on the process of reproduction of linear part of main gas pipelines, and appearance of refusals and breakdowns at gas pipelines is studied, technical approach to estimating availability of linear part of main gas pipelines for transporting natural gas is improved. Technical approach to calculation of financial losses at gas-transport enterprises as a result of appearance of breakdown situations at gas pipelines is worked out. Algorithm of optimization of the process of planning overhauls at gas pipelines is propounded. Functions of managing the reproduction of line part of main gas pipelines at the level of main gas pipelines administrations are restructured.
Abbaspour, Mohammad. "Simulation and optimization of non-isothermal, one-dimensional single/two-phase flow in natural gas pipeline /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Повний текст джерелаAdeebfar, Tamine. "Geopolitical dimensions of the main export pipeline in the Caspian region : the Baku-Tibiis-Ceyhan pipeline and the events of 11 September 2001." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399647.
Повний текст джерелаAlbutov, Alexey. "Reducing Energy Consumption through Optimization of the Operating Conditions of the Gas Trunk Pipeline." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131125.
Повний текст джерелаIseri, Emre. "The US grand strategy and the Eurasian heartland in the 21st century : with special reference to the main Caspian oil export pipeline BTC." Thesis, Keele University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558326.
Повний текст джерелаRion, Sylvain. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de tri automatique d'épis de mais, en temps réel, par visionique." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10357.
Повний текст джерелаРуденко, Людмила Дмитрівна, Людмила Дмитриевна Руденко та Liudmyla Dmytrivna Rudenko. "До питання про визначення поняття магістральних трубопроводів". Thesis, Десна Полиграф, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60178.
Повний текст джерелаКуйдан, Максим Ігорович, Олександр Володимирович Сидорик, Maksym Kuidan та Oleksandr Sydoryk. "Розробка та дослідження автоматизованої системи для оперативного контролю та керування газорозподільними станціями". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. І. Пулюя, Факультет прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії, Кафедра автоматизації технологічних процесів і виробництв, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33279.
Повний текст джерелаРозробка та дослідження автоматизованої системи для оперативного контролю та керування газорозподільними станціями. Кваліфікаційна робота магістра. Спеціальність 151 «Автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології». ТНТУ ім. Івана Пулюя м. Тернопіль, 2020р. Метою даної роботи є розроблення та моделювання інформаційно-управляючої системи лінійної частини магістральних газопроводів. У число основних задач системи управління лінійної частини магістральних газопроводів входять наступні: - збір інформації про поточні значення параметрів технологічного процесу (тиск, температура і т. д.); - збір інформації про стан технологічних об'єктів; - доставка зібраної інформації споживачам на всіх рівнях системи; - прийом керуючих сигналів із усіх рівнів системи і формування керуючих впливів для запірної арматури й інших технологічних об'єктів.
Development and research of an automated system for operational control and management of gas distribution stations. Qualifying work of the master. Specialty 151 "Automation and computer-integrated technologies". TNTU them. Ivan Pulyuy, Ternopil, 2020 The purpose of this work is to develop and model the information and control system of the linear part of the main gas pipelines. The main tasks of the control system of the linear part of the main gas pipelines include the following: - collecting information about the current values of the parameters of the technological process (pressure, temperature, etc.); - collection of information on the state of technological objects; - delivery of collected information to consumers at all levels of the system; - reception of control signals from all levels of system and formation of control influences for shut-off valves and other technological objects.
Анотація 4 Перелік умовних позначень, скорочень і термінів 7 Вступ 9 1 Аналітична частина 13 1.1 Загальні характеристики системи автоматизації 13 1.2 Задачі автоматизації 21 1.3 Існуючі системи та запропоновані рішення 26 2 Технологічна частина 40 2.1 Структура системи 40 2.2 Опис елементів системи 45 2.3 Вибір компонентів та опис системи безпровідного зв’язку. 52 2.4 Вибір датчиків та виконавчих механізмів 64 3 Конструкторська частина 68 3.1 Структурно-функціональна схема контрольованого пункту 68 3.2 Організація протоколу передачі даних 71 3.3 Моделювання процесу передачі інформації 79 3.4 Розрахунок основних показників каналу зв’язку 84 4 Науково-дослідна частина 88 4.1 Розрахунок завадостійкості системи зв’язку з кодуванням 88 4.2 Надійність протоколу передачі даних 91 5 Спеціальна частина. Використання засобів САПР 98 6 Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях 110 6.1 Аналіз потенційних небезпечних та шкідливих умов праці 110 6.2 Забезпечення нормальних умов праці 114 6.3 Забезпечення безпеки користувача ПЕОМ 118 6.2 Заходи з безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях. Вимоги до системи газопостачання на випадок виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій, заходи щодо забезпечення безпеки персоналу і стійкості об'єктів газоперекачувальної станції. 121 Висновки 127 Перелік посилань 129
McCarthy, Keith Richard Cameron. "Crime, risk and security in the postal system : the identification and management of risk and security concerns in the 'horizontal distribution pipeline' of Royal Mail." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496603.
Повний текст джерелаМандрик, О. М. "Розвиток наукових основ підвищення рівня екологічної безпеки при транспортуванні природного газу". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2013. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4633.
Повний текст джерелаДиссертация посвящена разработке методологических ггодходов к решению проблемы оценки негативного влияния газотранспортной инфраструктуры на окружающую среду и его уменьшения. Разработана методология оценки условий разрушения линейной части газопровода со сквозными трещинами и внешними трещиноподобными дефектами заданной глубины и ориентации. Для оценки неконтролированного разрушения длительно эксплуатируемых магистральных газопроводов Богородчанского газотранспортного узла получен комплекс новых экспериментальных данных об их параметрах прочности и трещиноcтойкости. Установленные критерии служат для разработки системы экологическою мониторинга и прогнозирования экологической опасности трещиноподобных дефектов газопроводов. Разработана технология изготовления легких и надежных в эксплуатации сварных металлопластиковых баллонов для безопасной транспортировки и сохранения природного газа. Их долговечность составляет не менее 25 лет. Разработана экологически безопасная и экономически выгодная CNG-технология подвижного трубопровода для транспортирования сжатого природного газа морскими путями. Разработана методика вытеснения воздуха в подвижном трубопроводе инертным газом (азотом). Данная методика обеспечивает пожаро- и взрывобезопасноcть загрузки подвижною трубопровода при введении его в эксплуатацию. Установлено, что имеет место нелинейная зависимость параметров формирования ареала загазованности от величины утечки газа. Так, уменьшение величины утечки приводит к существенному увеличению длительности формирования ареала загазованности и до незначительною уменьшения площади ареала на поверхности грунта. Произведен прогноз оценки влияния зоны детонации и дальности распространения облака взрывоопасной смеси при потенциально возможных авариях на маг истральных газопроводах Бог ородчанского газотранспортного узла и разработаны рекомендации по снижению их экологического риска. Комплексный учет теоретических и экспериментальных исследований позволил усовершенствовать методы оценки уровня экологической опасности при транспортировке природног о газа и разработать меры по ее уменьшению.
The thesis deals with solving the problem of methodology development for evaluating the negative impact of gas transportation infrastructure on the environment and its reduction. For the gas pipelines of long-term operation the new technological approaches have been developed for determining the conditions of uncontrollable gas pipelines failure by anywhere located outer through cracks and non-through crack-like defects of the measured depth. The dependence of areal soil contamination parameters formation. caused by natural gas leakage from the pipelines on the value of flow rate was determined. For environmentally safe offshore transportation of compressed natural gas the design of CNG-module containing pipe length of high pressure (mobile pipeline) was developed and substantiated as well as the new technology of mobile pipeline blasting by inert gas before its commissioning was worked out to insure explosion-free conditions. Complex consideration of theoretical and experimental researches enabled us to improve the techniques of ecological hazard evaluation during natural gas transportation and to develop out measures for its reduction.
Bartek, Vojtěch. "Zdravotně technické instalace a plynovod v polyfunkčním objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409856.
Повний текст джерелаПетрина, Д. Ю. "Вплив експлуатаційної деградації матеріалів і зварних з'єднань магістральних нафтогазопроводів на їх працездатність". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2011. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1902.
Повний текст джерелаIn the thesis on the basic of study of physico-mechanical and electrochemical in properties and destruction mechanisms of the long-term operating steel of oil and gas pipelines the existing methods of assessment of degradation metal from the viewpoint of its durability were improved and developed were the new ones. The abnormality in the mechanical behavior of long-term operating steel has been revealed that results in hardness and toughness decrease at simultaneous reduction of resistance to brittleness destruction and relative contraction and in a different mode of changes of plasticity indices (lowering xp and increasing 8). The most efficient pipeline steel operating degradation is revealed at more sever loading conditions, decreased temperatures and the availability of corrosive medium. It significantly worsens electrochemical characteristics, particularly resistance to polarization. Developed was, the new method of statistical assessment of dependence of impact toughness of pipeline steel 17Г1C and its components upon the testing temperature. High sensitivity of impact toughness to steel degradation is due to such operational component as crack expansion. It has been determined that the periods of corrosive-mechanical crack nucleation and its subcritical growth are shorter for operating steel in comparison with the newly made. The long-term operation leads to degradation of characteristics of plasticity, impact toughness, crack growth resistance and corrosive resistance durability of welded joints.
Лютак, І. З. "Контроль пружних властивостей металу стінок магістральних трубопроводів акустичними методами". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2011. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1945.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis results of increasing reliability and safety of pipelines operation is presented. It is proved that the traditional methods based on control in a point or inspection pigs are not both sufficiently effective and trustworthiness. It is proved that theoretical principles and methods that use ultrasound guided waves are not sufficiently developed. To develop both the theory of ultrasonic circumferential waves propagation and non-destructive testing methods of physical and mechanical parameters of the main pipelines are developed a set of mathematical models describing the propagation of these waves and providing a theoretical foundation for the, first time proposed methods to control tihe value of the stress-strain state, the presence of defects and the values of elastic constants of the walls pipeline by means of modes of circumferential waves. Developed mathematical models are models describing the propagation of horizontally-polarized modes and Lamb-type ultrasonic modes of circumferential waves in the walls of pipelines; a model of propagation of these waves in the frequency domain and a model describing the process of generating of ultrasonic circumferential waves by a sensor. It is developed for the first time a method of continuous control of wall thickness of main pipelines in operation conditions by means of bulk ultrasonic waves. To develop new methods of flaw detection it is developed the theoretical basis, methodology of assessment and forecasting of parameters of thermoacoustic phenomena. Devices that implement the proposed testing methods are manufactured. Laboratory and field tests are fulfilled.
Guliyev, Khagani. "La Mer caspienne et le droit international." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA003.
Повний текст джерелаThe Caspian Sea which has become the object of international law since the eighteenth century has never had a clear legal status. This space of which the aquatic nature is not defined was dominated by the Soviet Union until 1991. However, following the collapse of the USSR, the Caspian Sea - now surrounded by five littoral States (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan) - has re-emerged on the international scene, especially because of its rich natural resources. It is precisely in these circumstances that the question of legal status of the Caspian Sea under international law arose in the late twentieth century. Therefore, it is necessary to form an adequate and sustainable long-term legal regime of theCaspian Sea and to find solutions for the settlement of legal disputes between the Caspian States
Онищук, О. О. "Оцінка характеристик матеріалів нафтогазопроводів при внутрішньотрубній корозії". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2005. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4065.
Повний текст джерелаПри оценке трещиностойкости трубопроводов необходимо считаться с возможностью их перегрузок, например при оползневых явлениях, которые приводят к появлению пластической деформации, а также с наводороживанием материала в рабочих средах, прежде всего в местах концентрации напряжений, что может дополнительно отрицательно повлиять на кратковременную и усталостную трещиностойкость. Установлено, что суммарное действие предварительного пластического деформирования и наводороживание уменьшает почти в 4 раза кратковременную трещиностойкость стали трубопроводов, а сопротивление подрастанию усталостной трещины может уменьшиться на порядок.
The substantiation and solution of scientific and technical problem which lies in determination of conditions of origin and propagation rate of internal corrosion of oil-and-gas pipelines are given in this dissertation. It is shown, that one of the reasons of corrosion damage of pipelines is the presence of hydrogen sulphide and also carbon dioxide and low-molecular carboxylic acids admixtures in the products of deposits, which under high temperature and pressure conditions causes intensive internal corrosion. A new parameter for estimation of corrosion processes is proposed and substantiated. This is certain characteristic value of concentration of harmful admixtures, and on reaching it abrupt growth of corrosion rate of 17Г1С steel occurs. It is shown, that the operating ageing of steel reduces corrosion resistance of pipelines. It is determined, that electrode potentials and miicrohardness in different areas of the welded connection substantially depend on structural-chemical hheterogenic and heat treatment conditions. All explored types of heat treatment result in the increase of stress corrosion stability of the welded connections; here the annealing and high-temperature tempering normalization had the most substantial influence. The method of maintenance estimation of the pipelines by means of the crack-resistance parameters was improved with the purpose of using the findings for fatigue prediction.
Савула, Р. С. "Забезпечення працездатності магістральних газопроводів в процесі тривалої експлуатації у гірській місцевості". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2013. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4643.
Повний текст джерелаДиссертация посвящена исследованиям, направленным на обеспечение работоспособности магистральных газопроводов в процессе длительной эксплуатации в горной местности за счёт усовершенствования методов анализа напряжённо-деформированного состояния и оценки прочности труб с учётом деградации материала, отклонения от прямолинейности трассы и наличия локальных пластических деформаций. Исследованы структурные изменения, происходящие в сталях магистральных газопроводов в процессе длительной эксплуатации. Получили дальнейшее развитие экспериментальные исследования влияния длительной эксплуатации магистральных трубопроводов на физико-механические свойства трубных статей на основании проведения микроспектрального анализа материала и комплексных исследований характеристик прочности, пластичности, циклической трещиностой-кости, сопротивляемости сероводородному коррозионному растрескиванию под напряжением, водородом инициированного растрескивания, а также коррозионной стойкости стали. Изучена чувствительность микротвёрдости, склонности к водородом инициированного растрескивания, коррозионной стойкости, влияния сероводородной среды по отношению к статическим характеристикам прочности и пластичности длительно эксплуатированной трубной стали при налички локальных пластических деформаций. Получены количественные оценки механических характеристик трубных сталей дают возможность уточнения допустимых условий эксплуатации трубопроводов с учётом действия как технологических, так и температурных нагрузок. Проанализированы процессы упругопластического деформирования труб во время укладки магистральных газопроводов в траншею на искривлённой трассе и в процессе капитального ремонта участка трубопровода с заменой катушки. Определены моменты, которые должны развивать центрирующие приспособления. Установлена зависимость между изгибающим моментом и кривизной оси трубы с учётом упрочнения материала в процессе упругопластического деформирования. Исследовано совместное влияние искривления оси трубопровода и изменения температуры на характеристики напряжённого состояния трубы. Исследовано влияние остаточных напряжений, обусловленных локальным пластическим деформированием магистрального трубопровода, на напряжённо-деформированное состояние трубы. Путём компьютерного моделирования локального упругопластического деформирования трубы как цилиндрической оболочки, взаимодействующей с шарообразным абсолютно твёрдым телом (индентором). установлено. что я центральной точке контакта индентора з трубой эквивалентное напряжение в материале, которое па начальном этапе деформирования трубы достигаег предела текучести, после приложения к трубе внутреннего давления уменьшается приблизительно в 1,5 раза. В го же время, напряжения на контуре вмятины, которые в процессе вдавливания индентора не достиг ают предела текучести, вследствие приложения внутреннего давления значительно возрастают и могут достичь предела текучести материала. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования упругопластического деформирования и прочности трубы в лабораторных условиях с целью проверки допущений, принятых в теоретических исследованиях, а также изучения закономерностей изменения коэрцитивной силы трубной стали 17ГІС в процессе эксплуатации. Усовершенствовано методику экспериментального определения напряжённо-деформированного состояния тела трубы с использованием неразрушающих магнитных методов и установлено влияние локальных пластических деформаций на прочность оболочечной конструкции.
The thesis is devoted to research, which is aimed at ensuring efficiency of gas main pipeline during long-term operation in the highlands by improving the methods of the stress-strain state analysis and strength assessment based on the degradation of pipe material, deviation from linearity route and the presence of local plastic deformation. The structural changes that occur in steel gas mains during prolonged use are researched. The effect of the tubular steel aging process and plastic deformations of local gas mains on physical and operated steel mechanical properties is estimated. The obtained quantitative estimates of the mechanical characteristics of steel pipe enable specification of acceptable conditions of pipelines in view of both process and temperature loads. The process of elastic-plastic deformation during pipe laying gas mains in a trench on the curved track is analysed, as well as during major repairs of pipeline replacement coil and defined points that should develop centering device. In this work is researched the influence of residual stresses due to local plastic pipeline deformation on the stress-strain pipe state. Experimental study of elastic-plastic deformation was held, as well as study of the tube strength in the laboratory to test the assumptions adopted in theoretical studies and the study of patterns of coercive strength change of tubular steel 17H IS during operation.
Рудко, В. П. "Забезпечення безаварійної роботи газопроводів у зсувонебезпечних гірських районах". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2005. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4067.
Повний текст джерелаДистиллированная вода снижает уровень вязкости разрушения материала. Длительная эксплуатация магистральных газопроводов снижает сопротивление стали 17Г1С распространению трещины. Эффект снижения вязкости разрушения более чувствителен для трещин, ориентированных вдоль образующей трубы, чем поперек. Продольно ориентированные трещины более чувствительны к влиянию дистиллированной воды.
Methods and means for operational control of rock massifs deflection mode along the routes of pipelines are considered. These methods and means allow to follow the dynamics of stress field and to make a forecast of the development of geological processes and also to scheme the object’s loading. The methods of determination of permissible level of free-oriented loading on the pipe in the area of landslides developed. The results of experimental researches of mechanical characteristics determination of plastically-deformed pipe steels during overloading are given. Scientifically substantiate base of advisability of estimation of resistance of pipe steel crack spreading according to δк - criterion is given. Durational exploitation of main pipelines determines the decrease of resistance to the spreading of a crack.
Li, Hou-Yi, and 李厚誼. "SendSwitch - A User-Defined and Asynchronous E-mail Processing Pipeline Framework." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u8984h.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
107
Email service is still widely used around the world and plays an important role in governments and enterprises. Traditionally in NCTUCSCC, email service and most of its functions can only run on server-side. Users and developers don't have chance to create advanced apps using our email resources. We provide SendSwitch - an email framework that was designed for supporting the ability of client-side email processing. SendSwitch is an email processing framework supporting following features. (1) SendSwitch is a pluggable framework, so it takes less effort for transforming an email architecture. (2) SendSwitch supports SMTP, so it can coordinate with most of existing email software (3) SendSwitch SDK can support various types of develop environment. (4) SendSwitch SDK won't restrict any functions that used in user's apps. (5) SendSwitch is a Cross OS platform framework. We will demonstrate about the method and design to achieve the goals in this paper.
Moggee, Herman. "Susceptibility of creep aged material to stress relief cracking during repair welding." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41936.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
gm2014
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
Unrestricted