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Статті в журналах з теми "Magneto-optical conversion"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

JONSSON, FREDRIK, and CHRISTOS FLYTZANIS. "OPTICAL PARAMETRIC INTERACTIONS IN DISTRIBUTED MAGNETO-OPTICAL BRAGG GRATINGS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 01 (March 2006): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003177.

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We analyze optical parametric interactions in nonlinear magneto-optical media simultaneously possessing a second-order nonlinearity and a spatial modulation of its linear optical properties. An analytic solution for the conversion efficiency of energy transfer from an optical pump to a signal wave is presented, and we discuss the possibility of tunability that is added to the parametric process.

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2

Nikitov, S. A., and Ph Tailhades. "Optical modes conversion in magneto-photonic crystal waveguides." Optics Communications 199, no. 5-6 (December 2001): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(01)01583-8.

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3

Budker, D., D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, and V. V. Yashchuk. "Nonlinear Magneto-optical Rotation via Alignment-to-Orientation Conversion." Physical Review Letters 85, no. 10 (September 4, 2000): 2088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.2088.

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4

Qiu, Xin, Baojian Wu, Feng Wen, Tao He, and Kun Qiu. "Mode conversion characteristics of multimode magneto-optical Bragg diffraction cells." Applied Physics Express 13, no. 7 (June 18, 2020): 072004. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ab99d0.

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5

Deych, Lev, Carlos Meriles, and Vinod Menon. "Resonant enhancement of magneto-optical polarization conversion in microdisk resonators." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 24 (December 12, 2011): 241107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670354.

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6

Choi, Gyung-Min. "Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect Driven by Spin Accumulation on Cu, Au, and Pt." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081378.

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The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) has recently been achieved on non-ferromagnetic metals by injecting spin currents. To use the magneto-optical Kerr effect as a quantitative tool, it is crucial to study the relationship between the Kerr rotation angle and the spin accumulation on non-ferromagnets. In this work, I measure a transient magneto-optical Kerr rotation on non-ferromagnetic metals of Cu, Au, and Pt driven by an ultrafast spin current from an adjacent ferromagnetic metal. Through comparing the measured Kerr rotation and the calculated spin accumulation, I determine the conversion ratio between the Kerr rotation and the spin accumulation to be: −4 × 10−9 (real part), −2.5 × 10−8 (real part), and −3 × 10−9 (imaginary part) rad m A−1 for Cu, Au, and Pt, respectively, at a wavelength of 784 nm.

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7

Choowitsakunlert, Salinee, Kenji Takagiwa, Takuya Kobashigawa, Nariaki Hosoya, Rardchawadee Silapunt, and Hideki Yokoi. "Fabrication Processes of SOI Structure for Optical Nonreciprocal Devices." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.107.

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Fabrication processes of a magneto-optic waveguide with a Si guiding layer for an optical isolator employing a nonreciprocal guided-radiation mode conversion are investigated. The optical isolator is constructed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. The magneto-optic waveguide is fabricated by bonding the Si guiding layer with a cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG). The relationship of waveguide geometric parameters is determined at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The results show that larger tolerance for isolator operation can be obtained at smaller gaps between Si and Ce:YIG. Bonding processes including photosensitive adhesive bonding and surface activated bonding are then compared. It is found that the surface activated bonding process is easier to control and more promising than the photosensitive adhesive bonding.

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8

Zaets, W., and K. Ando. "Magneto-optical mode conversion in Cd1−xMnxTe waveguide on GaAs substrate." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 11 (September 11, 2000): 1593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1310176.

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9

Debnath, M. C., V. Zayets, and K. Ando. "Complete magneto-optical TE-TM mode conversion in Cd1–xMnxTe waveguide for integrated optical isolator." physica status solidi (c) 3, no. 4 (March 2006): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200564629.

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10

Zayets, V., M. C. Debnath, and K. Ando. "Complete magneto-optical waveguide mode conversion in Cd1−xMnxTe waveguide on GaAs substrate." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 4 (January 26, 2004): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1644339.

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11

Robel, Istvan. "(Invited) Photophysics of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots Designed for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1887.

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In the short time period since their first synthesis, all-inorganic cesium lead halide nanocrystals have been successfully employed as active materials in high-efficiency solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and wide-color-gamut phosphors. While such rapid progress is a testament to the favorable optoelectronic properties of this new materials class, further technological advances typically necessitate a more refined understanding of their photophysics. Here, we investigate in detail the optically active states in cesium lead halide nanocrystals using a variety of techniques ranging from ultrafast spectroscopy to high-field magneto-optical studies at cryogenic temperatures. Our measurements shed light on a variety of fundamental characteristics of these quantum dots such as the exciton diamagnetic shift and fine structure, polarized emission from photoexcited states, magnetic circular dichroism, and optically active biexcitons and trions. Implications of these photophysical properties on the performance of light conversion devices will be discussed.

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12

Ota, Nana, Tomohiro Miyauchi, and Hiromasa Shimizu. "221 K Local Photothermal Heating in a Si Plasmonic Waveguide Loaded with a Co Thin Film." Sensors 21, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 6634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196634.

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Photothermal heaters are important devices for optical switches and memories based on the thermo-optic/magneto-optic effect and phase change materials. We demonstrated photothermal heating in Si plasmonic waveguides loaded with Co thin films by measuring the resistance change upon inputting transverse-magnetic (TM) mode light. Temperature rise is proportional to the light intensity with clear polarization dependence. The photothermal conversion efficiency was estimated at 36 K/mW and maximum temperature rise was estimated at 221 K at steady state upon the inputting 6.3 mW TM mode light for the 400 nm-wide, 8 µm-long and 189 nm-thick Co film deposited on the Si wire waveguide with 129 nm-thick SiO2 buffer layer. The method to increase the efficiency is discussed based on the experimental and simulation results considering the thickness of the SiO2 buffer layer, Co layer and Si core layer, waveguide width, and wavelength. Local photothermal heaters in this study can be applied to a variety of fields including optical switches/memories without electrical control signals in photonic integrated circuits, on-chip optical sensors, and a lab-on-a-chip in biology, chemistry, and medicine.

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13

Debnath, M. C., V. Zayets, and K. Ando. "Enhancement of magneto-optical transverse electric–transverse magnetic mode conversion efficiency of (Cd,Mn)Te waveguide by graded-index clad layers." Journal of Applied Physics 95, no. 11 (June 2004): 7181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1668571.

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14

Zhang, Kong, Jun He, and Junmin Wang. "Single-Pass Laser Frequency Conversion to 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm Based on PPMgO:LN Bulk Crystals and Diode-Laser-Seeded Fiber Amplifiers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224942.

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We report the preparation of a 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm laser device based on single-pass periodically poled magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgO:LN) bulk crystals and diode-laser-seeded fiber amplifiers. First, a single-frequency continuously tunable 780.2 nm laser of more than 600 mW from second-harmonic generation (SHG) by a 1560.5 nm laser can be achieved. Then, a 250 mW light at 852.3 nm is generated and achieves an overall conversion efficiency of 4.1% from sum-frequency generation (SFG) by mixing the 1560.5 nm and 1878.0 nm lasers. The continuously tunable range of 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm are at least 6.8 GHz and 9.2 GHz. By employing this laser system, we can conveniently perform laser cooling, trapping and manipulating both rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms simultaneously. This system has promising applications in a cold atoms Rb-Cs two-component interferemeter and in the formation of the RbCs dimer by the photoassociation of cold Rb and Cs atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap.

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15

De, Anulekha, Sucheta Mondal, Sourav Sahoo, Saswati Barman, Yoshichika Otani, Rajib Kumar Mitra, and Anjan Barman. "Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (April 9, 2018): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.104.

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Ferromagnetic antidot arrays have emerged as a system of tremendous interest due to their interesting spin configuration and dynamics as well as their potential applications in magnetic storage, memory, logic, communications and sensing devices. Here, we report experimental and numerical investigation of ultrafast magnetization dynamics in a new type of antidot lattice in the form of triangular-shaped Ni80Fe20 antidots arranged in a hexagonal array. Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and micromagnetic simulations have been exploited to study the magnetization precession and spin-wave modes of the antidot lattice with varying lattice constant and in-plane orientation of the bias-magnetic field. A remarkable variation in the spin-wave modes with the orientation of in-plane bias magnetic field is found to be associated with the conversion of extended spin-wave modes to quantized ones and vice versa. The lattice constant also influences this variation in spin-wave spectra and spin-wave mode profiles. These observations are important for potential applications of the antidot lattices with triangular holes in future magnonic and spintronic devices.

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16

Locovei, Claudiu, Cristian Radu, Andrei Kuncser, Nicusor Iacob, Gabriel Schinteie, Anda Stanciu, Sorina Iftimie, and Victor Kuncser. "Relationship between the Formation of Magnetic Clusters and Hexagonal Phase of Gold Matrix in AuxFe1−x Nanophase Thin Films." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071176.

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AuxFe1−x nanophase thin films of different compositions and thicknesses were prepared by co-deposition magnetron sputtering. Complex morpho-structural and magnetic investigations of the films were performed by X-ray Diffraction, cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, Magneto Optical Kerr Effect, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device magnetometry and Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy. It was proven that depending on the preparation conditions, different configurations of defect α-Fe magnetic clusters, i.e., randomly distributed or auto-assembled in lamellar or filiform configurations, can be formed in the Au matrix. A close relationship between the Fe clustering process and the type of the crystalline structure of the Au matrix was underlined, with the stabilization of a hexagonal phase at a composition close to 70 at. % of Au and at optimal thickness. Due to different types of inter-cluster magnetic interactions and spin anisotropies, different types of magnetic order from 2D Ising type to 3D Heisenberg type, as well as superparamagnetic behavior of non-interacting Fe clusters of similar average size, were evidenced.

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17

Juraszek, J., O. Zivotsky, H. Chiron, C. Vaudolon, and J. Teillet. "A setup combining magneto-optical Kerr effect and conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry for analysis of the near-surface magnetic properties of thin films." Review of Scientific Instruments 80, no. 4 (April 2009): 043905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3121215.

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18

Daoush, W. M. "Processing of FeCo Nanosized Soft-Magnetic Material by Powder Metallurgy Technique." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.707.

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A nanosized cobalt-based alloy containing 20 wt % Fe was synthesis by electroless chemical reduction method using alkaline tartarate bath and sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent . The powder was investigated by optical microscope, SEM and XRD to identify the powder shape, size and the chemical composition. The prepared powder has a spherical shape with a particle size of about 200 nm. The investigated powder was cold compacted at 600 MPa and then sintered in hydrogen atmosphere at 1050 0C. Metallographic, physical, magnetic and electrical properties investigations were carried out for the prepared powder and its sintered compacts. The prepared powder has 2.5% phosphorus content which was liberated by heating the compacts to the sintering temperature in hydrogen atmosphere. From the results of the density measurements we can observe that the prepared sintered FeCo material had a relative density about 96% to the theoretical. But the results of the electrical properties measurements give an indication of the decreasing in the electrical resistivity than the materials produced by the traditional methods. On the other hand the magnetic measurements, of the FeCo powder has a lower specific saturation induction, Bs, than the sintered one which was due to the presence of the paramagnetic metal phosphides in the powder but after rising the temperature to sintering the, Bs, values is increased due to the conversion of the phosphides to the metallic state and the phosphorus was liberated, but the coercive force was decreased by sintering of the powder compacts by lowering the porosity of the materials with sintering and the formation of the soft magnetic materials Fe-Co solid solution which was investigated by XRD having the highest specific saturation induction value. Also the magnetic permeability of the prepared sintered material was increase with increasing the applied field until 50 Oe which has the highest value and decreased with increasing the field more than 50Oe. From the magneto-resistance measurements, it was shown that the sintered material has a positive magneto-resistance in the field direction but a negative one in the direction perpendicular to the current and the field.

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19

Diguet, Gildas, Gael Sebald, Masami Nakano, Mickaël Lallart, and Jean-Yves Cavaillé. "Analysis of magneto rheological elastomers for energy harvesting systems." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209350.

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Magneto Rheological Elastomers (MREs) are composite materials based on an elastomer filled by magnetic particles. Anisotropic MRE can be easily manufactured by curing the material under homogeneous magnetic field which creates column of particles. The magnetic and elastic properties are actually coupled making these MREs suitable for energy conversion. From these remarkable properties, an energy harvesting device is considered through the application of a DC bias magnetic induction on two MREs as a metal piece is applying an AC shear strain on them. Such strain therefore changes the permeabilities of the elastomers, hence generating an AC magnetic induction which can be converted into AC electrical signal with the help of a coil. The device is simulated with a Finite Element Method software to examine the effect of the MRE parameters, the DC bias magnetic induction and applied shear strain (amplitude and frequency) on the resulting electrical signal.

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20

Shen, Tangyao, Jiajun Qin, Yujie Bai, Jia Zhang, Lei Shi, Xiaoyuan Hou, Jian Zi, and Bin Hu. "Giant magneto field effect in up-conversion amplified spontaneous emission via spatially extended states in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites." Opto-Electronic Advances 5, no. 2 (2022): 200051. http://dx.doi.org/10.29026/oea.2022.200051.

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21

Hyeon, Dong Yeol, Chaeyoung Nam, Seong Su Ham, Geon‐Tae Hwang, Seonghoon Yi, Kyung Tae Kim, and Kwi‐Il Park. "Energy Harvesting: Enhanced Energy Conversion Performance of a Magneto–Mechano–Electric Generator Using a Laminate Composite Made of Piezoelectric Polymer and Metallic Glass (Adv. Electron. Mater. 1/2021)." Advanced Electronic Materials 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 2170002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202170002.

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22

Zayets, Vadym. "Cd1-xMnxTe Magneto-Optical Waveguide for Monolithical Integration of Optical Isolator into Optoelectronics Circuits." MRS Proceedings 834 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-834-j4.5.

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ABSTRACTDiluted magnetic semiconductor Cd1-xMnxTe was proposed as a magneto-optic material for waveguide optical isolator. Waveguide propagation loss below 1 dB/cm, complete magneto-optical mode conversion and optical isolation of 20 dB were demonstrated with Cd1-xMnxTe waveguides grown on GaAs substrate. The high isolation ratio, high magneto-optic effect and low propagation loss achieved in the magneto-optical waveguide grown on the semiconductor substrate shows the feasibility of monolithical integration of an optical isolator with semiconductor optoelectronic devices.

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23

Wang, Jian, Yukiko K. Takahashi, and Ken-ichi Uchida. "Magneto-optical painting of heat current." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13799-7.

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AbstractActive control of heat flow is crucial for the thermal management of increasingly complex electronic and spintronic devices. In addition to conventional heat transport engineering, spin caloritronics has received extensive attention as a heat control principle owing to its high controllability and unique thermal energy conversion symmetry. Here we demonstrate that the direction of heat currents generated by spin-caloritronic phenomena can be changed simply by illuminating magnetic materials with visible light. The optical control of heat currents is realized through a combination of the spin-driven thermoelectric conversion called an anomalous Ettingshausen effect and all-optical helicity-dependent switching of magnetization. This approach enables not only pinpoint manipulation and flexible design of the heat current distribution by patterning the illuminating light but also on/off control of the resulting temperature modulation by tuning the light polarization. These versatile heat control functionalities will open up a pathway for nanoscale thermal energy engineering.

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24

Holmes, Barry M., David C. Hutchings, and Josef J. Bregenzer. "Experiments Towards the Realisation of a Monolithically-Integrated Optical Isolator Incorporating Quasi-Phase Matched Magneto-Optical Effects." MRS Proceedings 834 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-834-j4.4.

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ABSTRACTExperiments towards the realisation of the necessary components for future integrated waveguide optical isolators have been conducted. The design, fabrication and characterisation of GaAs/AlGaAs reciprocal mode converters, realised through the use of three novel approaches, is reported. These devices have been tested at λ=0.9m and 1.3m, producing TE-TM conversion efficiencies up to 70%. Initial investigations into the inclusion of magneto optic materials with III-V semiconductor structures for non-reciprocal mode conversion are also discussed.

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25

Wang, Jian, Asuka Miura, Rajkumar Modak, Yukiko K. Takahashi, and Ken-ichi Uchida. "Magneto-optical design of anomalous Nernst thermopile." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (May 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90865-5.

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AbstractThe introduction of spin caloritronics into thermoelectric conversion has paved a new path for versatile energy harvesting and heat sensing technologies. In particular, thermoelectric generation based on the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is an appealing approach as it shows considerable potential to realize efficient, large-area, and flexible use of heat energy. To make ANE applications viable, not only the improvement of thermoelectric performance but also the simplification of device structures is essential. Here, we demonstrate the construction of an anomalous Nernst thermopile with a substantially enhanced thermoelectric output and simple structure comprising a single ferromagnetic material. These improvements are achieved by combining the ANE with the magneto-optical recording technique called all-optical helicity-dependent switching of magnetization. Our thermopile consists only of Co/Pt multilayer wires arranged in a zigzag configuration, which simplifies microfabrication processes. When the out-of-plane magnetization of the neighboring wires is reversed alternately by local illumination with circularly polarized light, the ANE-induced voltage in the thermopile shows an order of magnitude enhancement, confirming the concept of a magneto-optically designed anomalous Nernst thermopile. The sign of the enhanced ANE-induced voltage can be controlled reversibly by changing the light polarization. The engineering concept demonstrated here promotes effective utilization of the characteristics of the ANE and will contribute to realizing its thermoelectric applications.

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26

Trinh, M. Tuan, Gregory Smail, Krishnandu Makhal, Da Seul Yang, Jinsang Kim, and Stephen C. Rand. "Observation of magneto-electric rectification at non-relativistic intensities." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (October 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19125-w.

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Abstract The subject of electromagnetism has often been called electrodynamics to emphasize the dominance of the electric field in dynamic light–matter interactions that take place under non-relativistic conditions. Here we show experimentally that the often neglected optical magnetic field can nevertheless play an important role in a class of optical nonlinearities driven by both the electric and magnetic components of light at modest (non-relativistic) intensities. We specifically report the observation of magneto-electric rectification, a previously unexplored nonlinearity at the molecular level which has important potential for energy conversion, ultrafast switching, nano-photonics, and nonlinear optics. Our experiments were carried out in nanocrystalline pentacene thin films possessing spatial inversion symmetry that prohibited second-order, all-electric nonlinearities but allowed magneto-electric rectification.

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27

Hutchings, David C., and Barry M. Holmes. "Quasi-Phase Matching Magneto-Optical Waveguides." MRS Proceedings 1291 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.337.

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ABSTRACTPhotonic integration has proved remarkably successful in combining multiple optical devices onto a single chip with the benefits of added functionality, and reduction in costs, arising from the replacement of manual assembly and alignment of individual components with lithographic techniques. However, the incorporation of optical isolators and related non-reciprocal devices within standard optoelectronic wafer platforms is exceptionally challenging. Preferred magneto-optic materials cannot be exploited as waveguide core layers on semiconductor wafers due to a lower refractive index. Another difficulty is the phase velocity mismatch as a consequence of the inherent structural birefringence associated with waveguide geometries.Our approach to the integration of an optical isolator with a III-V semiconductor laser involves combining a nonreciprocal mode converter with a reciprocal mode converter, based on an asymmetric profiled rib waveguide, fabricated by Reactive Ion Etching. We demonstrate that suitably tapered waveguides can be employed to connect the mode converter to other sections thereby avoiding problems caused by mode-matching and reflections from the section interfaces.The nonreciprocal mode converter is formed from a continuation of the III-V semiconductor waveguide core with a magneto-optic upper cladding so that Faraday rotation occurs through the interaction of the evanescent tail. The phase velocity mismatch due to the waveguide birefringence is overcome using a quasi-phase-matching approach. Lithography is used to pattern the top cladding so that the film immediately on top of the waveguide core alternates between magnetooptic and a non-magneto-optic dielectric of a similar refractive index. Our first demonstrations used a dielectric (silica or silicon nitride) patterned by etching, or lift-off, on top of a GaAs rib waveguide, over which was deposited a magneto-optic film. This film was deposited by sputtering from a Ce:YIG target and demonstrated magnetic hysteresis, but, as it was not annealed, it was believed to consist of Ce:YIG and/or gamma iron oxide microcrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix. With quasi-phase-matching periods of 110–160 μm and a waveguide length of 8 mm, we were able to demonstrate up to 12% non-reciprocal TE- to TM-mode conversion around a wavelength of 1.3 μm using the remanent magnetisation.In order to enhance the magneto-optic effect it is desirable to anneal such films. However the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients results in a catastrophic failure of samples with large area film coverage. This problem has been shown to be alleviated by patterning the YIG film. Unfortunately wet-etching of YIG also etches (Al)GaAs and, therefore, the development of a lift-off process for YIG deposition has been undertaken. Initial results are promising with ∼100 μm×2.5 μm YIG sections deposited on a GaAs layer which remain intact after an anneal in an oxygen atmosphere.

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28

Girón-Sedas, J. A., Jack J. Kingsley-Smith, and Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño. "Lateral optical force on linearly polarized dipoles near a magneto-optical surface based on polarization conversion." Physical Review B 100, no. 7 (August 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.075419.

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29

Shintaku, T., N. Sugimoto, A. Tate, E. Kubota, H. Kozawaguchi, and Y. Katoh. "Integrated Nonreciprocal Devices for Application in Optical Communication Systems." MRS Proceedings 517 (January 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-517-501.

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AbstractWe describe our recently developed integrated isolators. Their structure is simple, in that it consists solely of a single-mode channel magneto-optic waveguide. The operating principle is that a backward fundamental TM mode wave is converted to higher-order or radiation TE modes while a forward fundamental TM mode wave propagates with no mode conversion. These isolators are realized using a single-mode rib channel waveguide in Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet which has a very large Faraday rotation. We obtain 13-27 dB isolation around a wavelength of 1.55 μm. We also review our recent study on a hybrid-integrated polarization-independent optical circulator based on a nonreciprocal Mach-Zehnder interferometer which does not need a polarization-beam splitter. We obtain 14.1-23.7 dB isolation at λ = 1.55 μm.

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Auzinsh, M., A. Berzins, R. Ferber, F. Gahbauer, L. Kalvans, A. Mozers, and D. Opalevs. "Conversion of bright magneto-optical resonances into dark resonances at fixed laser frequency forD2excitation of atomic rubidium." Physical Review A 85, no. 3 (March 16, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.033418.

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Qi, Pan-li, Xu-xing Geng, Guo-qing Yang, Shao-ping Wu, Guang-ming Huang, and Gao-xiang Li. "Theoretical study of the alignment-to-orientation conversion in magneto-optical rotation based on atomic multipole moments." Physical Review A 105, no. 3 (March 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.105.033112.

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Hyeon, Dong Yeol, Chaeyoung Nam, Seong Su Ham, Geon‐Tae Hwang, Seonghoon Yi, Kyung Tae Kim, and Kwi‐Il Park. "Enhanced Energy Conversion Performance of a Magneto–Mechano–Electric Generator Using a Laminate Composite Made of Piezoelectric Polymer and Metallic Glass." Advanced Electronic Materials, November 30, 2020, 2000969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000969.

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