Дисертації: "Mafias"

1

SARNO, FEDERICA. "IDENTIFYING PATTERNS OF MAFIA MOBILITY: THE PRESENCE OF THE ITALIAN MAFIAS IN EUROPE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6118.

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La ricerca sull'espansione territoriale delle mafie italiane si è spesso limitata all'analisi di una singola organizzazione o di un solo paese. I pochi studi con una prospettiva più ampia non esaminano in dettaglio come organizzazioni mafiose diverse operano in paesi diversi. Per colmare tale vuoto conoscitivo, questo studio analizza la presenza di Cosa Nostra, Camorra e 'Ndrangheta in Europa, con l'obiettivo di individuare modelli di espansione mafiosa. Lo studio combina varie fonti di informazione e diversi livelli di analisi. Dapprima, utilizza rapporti ufficiali per mappare la presenza delle mafie italiane in Europa ed identificarne le principali caratteristiche. Successivamente, approfondisce tre casi di studio paese e, sulla base di interviste con esperti, analizza come le diverse organizzazioni operano nei diversi paesi. I risultati mostrano che i fattori legati al territorio e al tipo di attività prevalgono sulle caratteristiche dell'organizzazione nel definire i modelli di espansione mafiosa. Le mafie italiane si concentrano in alcuni paesi Europei e in determinate aree all'interno dello stesso paese. Il traffico di droga è la caratteristica più ricorrente della loro presenza in Europa. La 'Ndrangheta è l'unica organizzazione ad aver riprodotto le proprie strutture all'estero, sebbene ciò non avvenga in tutti i paesi Europei in cui è presente.
Research on the spatial mobility of Italian mafias has frequently adopted a narrow approach, focusing on only one type of mafia or a single country. The few studies with a broader perspective do not examine in detail how different mafias operate across different countries. This study addresses these gaps by providing a first comprehensive analysis of the presence of Cosa Nostra, the Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta across Europe, with the aim of identifying patterns of mafia mobility. The study combines different data sources and different levels of analysis. Drawing from official reports, it firstly maps the spread of the Italian mafias in Europe and identifies the main characteristics of their presence abroad. Secondly, it focuses on three country case studies and, based on expert interviews, compares how different mafias operate across different countries. The results show that country-related and activity-related characteristics prevail over organizational ones in determining patterns of mafia mobility. Italian mafias concentrate in a few European countries and in specific areas within a country. Drug trafficking is the most recurrent feature of their presence abroad. The 'Ndrangheta is the only mafia which has a structured presence in Europe, although it does not reproduce its structures in all foreign countries.

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2

Barksby, Kelly. "Constructing criminals : the creation of identity within criminal mafias." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3806/.

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Constructing criminals: the creation of identity within criminal mafias This thesis seeks to demonstrate that there has been a change in the social and cultural aspects of established organised criminal sub-cultures by observing the changes that have taken place in how identity is constructed. The literature is comparatively lacking in emphasis when compared to information about specific criminal activities and the threat of the organisations. This study finds that the social and cultural dimensions of established organised criminal sub-cultures can be equally important and indicative of changes in those organisations. This thesis analyses the change in how established organised criminal sub-cultures, or mafias, have perceived and used identity over the last twenty years and asks whether this can be indicative of a change in the social and cultural model of these organisations. The study is comparative and will focus on how identity in four distinct mafias from across the world - the Russian mafiya, Sicilian mafia, the Japanese yakuza and the Chinese triads - is constructed and how this has changed. The Russian mafiya was the first of the established organised criminal sub-cultures to demonstrate this change whereby identity was used in a different way from its criminal underworld roots. The study also analyses the literature available from gang studies to ask whether the recognised focus upon identity can be interpreted with reference to the established organised criminal sub-cultures. This thesis considers that a criminal identity is constructed through a variety of customs and behaviours including mythology and legend, language and oral traditions and the visual image that a group portrays. A contextual approach is proposed, whereby organisations create and negotiate criminal identities at different scales, by which a street level identity might be more distinctive.

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3

De, Danieli Filippo. "Silk Road mafias : the political economy of drugs and state-building in post-Soviet Tajikistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545920.

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This study looks at the role of drug-related mafias in Tajikistan -a country that has undergone a `double transition' as a result of the break up of the Soviet Union and a protracted civil war -, and examines why they emerged as political, economic and social actors after 1991 and how they influenced the processes of state breakdown and post conflict state-building. The existing literature on drug trafficking in Central Asia focuses almost exclusively on the connections between "criminal" and "terrorist" networks. This study, based upon field work conducted in Tajikstan between March-December 2007, critically challenges the arguments, concepts and assumptions that are usually associated with the "narcoterror" discourse. It seeks to adopt a broader historical, political economy perspective, and draws upon the growing literature on the role of non-state actors in shaping processes of state building. The study explores the complex interactions between transnational crime, shadow economy activities and the emerging political structures and institutions. It is argued that the negotiations between political actors and mafias over the control of resources are central to processes of state consolidation and state crises. The specificity of mafia, as a particular type of criminal organization, consists precisely in its ability to establish strategic partnerships with political elites. The expansion of mafias in Tajikistan has been shaped by a particular set of structural conditions and contingent events that can develop alongside modern state building process. Mafia-style organizations flourished in isolated and peripheral regions. In these areas central state elites were forced to mediate with local elites and former warlords so as to gain access to economic resources and build local legitimacy. Revenues from drug trafficking were central to this "conversation", and drug mafias fulfilled the role of mediating between central and peripheral elites. Mafias' disposition to make deals with the ruling elite has represented a key factor both for peace and post-conflict stability. Thus the case of Tajikistan shows that mafias are not an anti-state entity, and that, on the contrary, under certain conditions, they can actively contribute to political order

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4

Giuriati, Tommaso. "Les évolutions contemporaines du Milieu français (1994-2006). Une étude des archives de la Cour d'Appel d'Aix-en-Provence." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0018.

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A partir de la notion de milieu criminel et de celle de mafia, la thèse prend en examen 94 affaires d’association de malfaiteurs jugés à la Cour d’Appel d'Aix-en-Provence pour décrire les évolutions du grand banditisme français, et notamment corso-marseillais. Ce dernier est réputé comme le plus important en France, grâce à sa présence de longue date et son organisation autochtone. Nous souhaitons confronter la notion française de “grand banditisme” à celles internationales de “criminalité organisée” et de “mafia”, afin de comprendre les évolutions de ces groupes en termes d’organisations, de réseaux et de pouvoir.Dans la première partie, après avoir présenté la méthodologie, l’on passe en revue les mythes qui informent une grande partie de la littérature généraliste sur le changement social dans les groupes criminels, puis l’on analyse la législation récente concernant les groupes criminels. Dans la deuxième,l’on prend en examen la composition sociale de la population construite à partir des dossiers, la structure des entreprises délictueuses enfin la structure du réseau défini par ces groupes.Parmi les principaux résultats, la thèse montre la présence de formes de gouvernance extra-légale sur les marchés illicites français, où la position d’autorité est mise en lumière par la détection de trous structuraux au sein du réseau général, ce qui représente une première forme d’organisation de type mafieux dans plusieurs études anglo-saxonnes et italiennes
: Based on the notion of criminal milieu and mafia, thethesis examines 94 cases of criminal conspiracy tried at the Court of Appeal of Aix-en-Provence todescribe the evolution of French organized crime, particularly Corso-Marseille. The latter is reputedto be the most important in France, thanks to its long-standing presence and its indigenousorganisation. We wish to confront the French notion of "grand banditism" with the internationalnotions of "organised crime" and "mafia", in order to understand the evolution of these groups interms of organisation, networks and power.In the first part, after presenting the methodology, the myths that inform much of the generalliterature on social change in criminal groups are reviewed, followed by an analysis of recentlegislation concerning criminal groups. The second examines the social composition of the populationconstructed from the records, the structure of criminal enterprises and the network structure definedby these groups.Among the main results, the thesis shows the presence of extra-legal forms of governance in theFrench illicit markets, where the position of authority is highlighted by the detection of structural holeswithin the general network, which represents a first form of mafia-like organisation in several AngloSaxon and Italian studies

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5

Hignett, Kelly. "The evolution of organised crime in East-central Europe: the making of modern day 'mafias' in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491829.

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This thesis provides an insight into the evolution of organised crime in East Central Europe, by analysing patterns of organised crime in three countries in the region: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.

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6

Silva, Moacir Nunes e. "A geopolítica da economia mafiocontemporânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-13072010-142557/.

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Máfia será uma expressão abordada neste trabalho como uma concepção verbo-substantivo, tendo em vista o funcionamento do sistema capitalista, na lógica de possibilidades de investimento, envolvendo personagens mafiosos e práticas mafiosas, por isso a intenção de selar o verbo ao substantivo, visando estabelecer a imanência entre os indivíduos e suas ações, a fim de evitar análises baseadas em estereotipias de certos grupos, enquanto outros permanecem incólumes diante aos olhos da sociedade e inatingíveis diante da justiça, em razão da posição que ocupam. Assim, a dimensão será a de considerar a pessoa que mafia como mafioso, independentemente de seu status social, envolto no poder de influência, dimensão esta capaz de distingui-lo do mafioso clássico (o bandido oficial). Contudo, essa alteridade não o diferencia, apesar de não dominar os códigos, de não participar dos rituais e nem compactuar do estilo de vida produzido pelos criminosos latu sensu. As práticas esboçadas pelos arautos da economia e da política formal serão decodificadas como mafiosas ao longo dos seis capítulos que compõem esta tese. Geograficamente, a intenção desta pesquisa visa examinar a territorialidade dos lugares mafiosos do mundo contemporâneo, suas redes, seu entrelaçamento e suas implicações na economia dita formal, trabalho realizado a partir da aplicação clássica de conceitos já construídos sobre o tema e ensaiando a elaboração de outros. Pela raiz do trabalho se fará necessário um diálogo com outros campos do conhecimento, a fim de melhor visualizar a leitura geopolítica do mundo mafio-contemporâneo em sua complexa socioespacialidade.
The term Balkanization as proposed by Norberto Bobbio. Corresponds to the idea to characterize a division of continental, subcontinental or regional units politically separated or hostile towards one another. Such concept is associated to the balkanic region during the Balkan Wars, between 1912 and 1913 which fragmented nations into distinct political units and the prevailing process of relationship among new State-institutions. Nevertheless, the title of this research as the result of the project, grants to the concept double connotation. Hence, Balkanization in itself means the fragmentation within nations per se. However, it prioritizes former segretating process, chiefly those occurred post- Balkan Wars, identifying characters and movements of extensive dismantling power, and tries to disprove some truths long regarded as absolute ones, such as the one concerning the Muslim Turkish people seen as blood-thirsty and the Roman Catholic Church as libertarian. The second term \"Balcanization\" intends to focus on the world wide understanding of the Balkans, a spetacular image, revealing the generally accepted analysis of the region. The work by Maria Todorova - Imagining the Balkans - was an essencial reference towards the demystification of the expression, whose connotation has always carried a great deal of prejudice and derrogattory perspective, particularly as long as the territory once named Yugoslavia, which is the object of this research, is concerned. By limitating the studied perspective above to the Yugoslavia case and covering such fields as the local, the regional and global spheres, the title of this research intends to enlighten and define both senses, the object and its image, apprehending as accurately as possible its diversity of meanings, thus: From Balkanization to \"Balkanization\".

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7

Diego, Rivera Hernandez Raul. ""Symbolic and Global Violence in Contemporary Mexican and Spanish Crime Fiction"." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338381722.

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8

Ångman, Malin. "COSA NOSTRAE UNA GOCCIA NEL MARE:GIUSEPPE IMPASTATO." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Italienska, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3236.

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9

Müllerová, Aneta. "Fenomén italské mafie a možnosti její likvidace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124619.

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My thesis 'The Phenomenon of Italian Mafia and the Possibility of its Elimination' focuses on the permanent existence of the Mafia in Italy without major success in the fight against its illegal activities. Firstly, I will explore the origin and development of the Mafia and factors pertaining to why it wasn't recognized exclusively as a criminal organization before the late 20th century; a view shaped by a cultural-historical and linguistic analysis of this ever-powerful institution. Following this, I will address specific strategies used in the fight against the Mafia to support the hypothesis that cooperation between its penitent former members and the judiciary, in conjunction with the existence of effective legislative measures, is a decisive and effective method for the possible destruction of the Mafia.

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Dietz, Gudrun. "Mythos der Mafia im Spiegel intermedialer Präsenz /." Göttingen : V & R Unipress, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3025525&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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11

Taglienti, Maria. "La Sicile, la mafia et au-delà de la mafia : Parcours littéraires." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30024.

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Cette étude concerne l'histoire de la littérature de mafia sicilienne et analyse le rapport existant entre mafia et littérature, dans le but de rendre compte de la façon dont la mafia a été représentée dans les diverses oeuvres narratives, avec une attention toute particulière portée à la production de Leonardo Sciascia. En commençant d'abord par une brève introduction historique, afin de restituer le contexte général dans lequel ce phénomène est né, puis en faisant un compte-rendu critique de l'histoire de la littérature de mafia, selon une progression chronologique, en partant de la naissance de la mafia, attestée autour de l'époque de l'Unité italienne, jusqu'aux années 1990. L'objectif que nous nous sommes fixés est de voir comment, d'un discours de négation de la mafia à une apologie manifeste ou cachée, on est arrivé à une dénonciation ouverte, et comment cette dénonciation est passée de la page littéraire à la dénonciation civile
This study concerns the literature relates to Sicilian mafia and provides an analysis of the link between mafia and literature, in order to account for the different ways mafia has been depicted in diverse narrative works, and specially in Leonardo Sciascia's literary output. We will begin with a brief historical introduction so as to convey the general background in which this phenomenon took place. Then we will give a critical account for the history of mafia literature, chronologically progressing from the advent of mafia, which was attested in the days of Italian Unity up to the years 1990. We aim to see how, from a discourse which denies the existence of mafia to an apology for it, being either obvious or hidden, we have come to a clear denunciation of mafia, and how this denunciations has proceeded from literature to civil life

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12

Paoli, Letizia. "Mafia brotherhoods : organized crime, Italian style /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0612/2002009518-d.html.

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Diss.--Univ., 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-274) and indexes. Mafia associations and ruling bodies -- Status and fraternization contracts -- Secrecy and violence -- Multiplicity of goals and functions -- Mafia, state, and society.

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13

Дробко, Ілля Вікторович. "Mafia: the phenomenon of history." Thesis, Молодіжна наукова ліга, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15950.

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The work deals with mafia history. Mafia is a criminal community that formed in Sicily in the second half of the 19-th century and subsequently spread its activity to large economically developed cities of the USA and some other countries.

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Ingracsi, Ombretta. "Mafia women in contemporary Italy : the changing role of women in the Italian mafia since 1945." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/26683.

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By relying mainly on court cases and interviews with pentiti (people who turned state's evidence), this thesis shows that the role of women in the Italian mafia has significantly changed since 1945. Beyond performing their traditional role, including transmitting mafia values, encouraging vendetta, guaranteeing men's honour and participating in arranged marriages, women started to be involved in criminal activities. Through an historical approach, this thesis demonstrates that changes in the mafia in terms of businesses and structure, and changes in Italian women's conditions have been contributory factors to the above process. This thesis identifies those historical conjunctures where the supply and demand of female labour met within the last thirty years. Since the 1970s, the expansion of drug trafficking and the subsequent accumulation of vast sums of money to be recycled led the mafia to employ women who were also trustworthy and above suspicion. The mafia's need to involve women occurred also in the early 1980s and in the early-mid 1990s when the state improved its battle against the mafia. As many mafia bosses were imprisoned or went underground women assumed temporary leadership positions. The mafia's need for workers was concomitant with the changes in women's conditions in the legal world, resulting in the gradual dissolution of gender barriers and the growth of female education, which made women more likely to be employed by organised crime. This thesis argues that the new female participation in the mafia was not the result of a concession of equality within the mafia labour market. General indicators, such as the persistence of patriarchal relations and women's economic dependence, temporary allocation of power to women during periods of emergency, use of female labour in low profile jobs, and exclusion of women from career opportunities, suggest that the increasing public presence of women in the mafia, beyond mere supportive and private roles, was the result of a process of female `pseudo-emancipation'. On the contrary, women who turned state's evidence were examples of female liberation since they chose to reject the male dominated mafia system.

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15

Olofsson, Filip. "Pite'-maffian." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för jazz, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2411.

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I dett arbete skriver jag om arbetet och processen kring mitt examensarbete som var en konsert på skolan till vilken jag skrivit all musik. Ämnen som behandlas är b.la hur det är att spela med syskon och hur det är att leda ett band med två mycket erfarna musiker. Stort fokus ligger på självkritik då jag tycker det är någoting som oftare borde tas upp.

Kompositioner:The Pilot (Filip Olofsson) Pledge drive (Filip Olofsson) The keys (Filip Olofsson) Pitch (Filip Olofsson) The stakeout (Filip Olofsson) The Opposite (Filip Olofsson) Extra: Giant steps (John Coltrane) Medverkande:Robert Nordmark - saxofon, Petter Olofsson - bas, Filip Olofsson - trummor

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16

Širvytė, Gražina. ""Mafija kaip Italijos (savi)įvaizdžio dalis. Italijos dienraščių analizė"." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080616_141915-08876.

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Bet koks nusikalstamas plačiai paviešintas įvykis ar reiškinys daro neigiamą įspūdį apie šalį – prisideda prie neigiamo šalies įvaizdžio kūrimo. Tačiau vienareikšmiškai neigiamai vertinti tokį istoriškai ir kultūriškai Italijos tapatybėje įsišaknijusį fenomeną kaip mafija, yra neteisinga. Šio tyrimo tikslas - remiantis Šiaurės, Pietų bei centrin��s Italijos dienraščių straipsnių mafijos tema kiekybine, kokybine bei žanrine analize, o taip pat mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analize, ištirti mafijos fenomeno pateikimą Italijos dienraščiuose kaip vieną iš Italijos įvaizdžio ir saviįvaizdžio formavimo prielaidų ir atskleisti skirtinguose dienraščiuose matomus minėto fenomeno įtakos skirtumus Italijos įvaizdžiui bei saviįvaizdžiui atskirose šalies dalyse. Tyrimo tikslas lemia ir tyrimo objektą, kuris yra straipsniai apie mafiją Italijos dienraščių „Corriere della Sera“, „La Repubblica“ ir „Il Mattino“ 2007 metų numeriuose. Tyrimo hipotezė teigia, jog būdama šalies identiteto dalis, mafija Italijos saviįvaizdžiui nedaro apčiuopiamos įtakos, tačiau dėl mafijos egzistavimo kenčia šalies įvaizdis, pozicionuojamas itališkoje spaudoje. Darbe atskleisti Italijos medijų sistemos ypatumai ir aptarta spaudos vieta Italijos medijų sistemoje; pristatyta agenda setting teorijos reikšmė šalies įvaizdžio kūrimui(si) bei tyrimui; identifikuota identiteto svarba šalies įvaizdžio ir saviįvaizdžio formavimui(si); apžvelgti Italijos įvaizdžio kūrimo ypatumai ir pristatyti ankstesni tyrimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This paper aims at analyzing the articles about mafia published in the present-day dailies of the Northern, Southern and Central Italy and revealing the presentation of the mafia phenomena like one of the Italy’s image and self image forming assumption and revealing the differences of the phenomena presentation in the different parts of the State. The main sources for this thesis are the articles concerning mafia published in the Italian dailies “Corriere della Sera”, “La Repubblica” and ��Il Mattino” covering the period from the 1st of January, till the 31st of December, 2007. It was hypothesized that being a part of the state’s identity, mafia doesn’t have tangible influence on Italian self image but because of its existence, the dailies positioned image of the State is negatively influenced. Content analysis quantitative and qualitative, genre analysis and scientific literature analysis methods were used for the research. The hypothesis was proven and some other facts regarding an image and a self image of Italy were discovered.
Ogni crimine ampiamente proclamato fa un effeto negativo sull’immagine dello stato. Il fenomeno mafioso, per il suo impatto storico e culturale all’idenità italiana, non può essere considerato come solamente negativo. L’obbiettivo di questa ricerca è, basandosi sull’analisi quantitativa, qualitativa, generica, degli articoli sulla mafia dei quotidiani, rappresentanti le diverse parti – Nord, Sud e Centrale – dell’Italia, e anche sull’analisi della letteratura scientifica, esaminare la rappresentazione del fenomeno mafioso come una premessa della formazione dell’immagine e dell’(auto)immagine d’Italia nelle parti diverse del paese. L‘oggetto della ricerca sono gli articoli sulla mafia pubblicati nei quotidiani „Corriere della Sera”, „La Repubblica” e „Il Mattino” nel 2007. L‘ipotesi della ricerca suppone che essendo una parte dell’identità dello stato, la mafia non ha un impatto significativo all’immagine d’Italia. Ma l’esistenza del fenomeno, fa un effetto negativo sull’immagine dello stato che viene posizionato nella stampa italiana. In questa ricerca sono stati rivelati le particolarità del sistema massmediatico italiano; presentata l’importanza della teoria dell’agenda setting per la costruzione e la ricerca dell’immagine di uno stato; identificata l’importanza d’identità per la formazione dell’immagine e dell’autoimmagine dello stato; presentate le particolarità della creazione dell’immagine d’Italia e le altre ricerche fatte su quell’immagine; definito il termine e... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Slade, Gavin Victor. "Mafia and anti-mafia in the Republic of Georgia : criminal resilience and adaptation since the collapse of Communism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a0fdb4a-a671-4675-840d-dea296bc5272.

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'Thieves-in-law' (vory-v-zakone in Russian or kanonieri qurdebi in Georgian) are career criminals belonging to a criminal fraternity that has existed at least since the 1930s in the Soviet Gulag. These actors still exist in one form or another in post-Soviet countries and have integrated into transnational organised criminal networks. For reasons yet to be explicated, thieves-in-law became exceptionally prevalent in the Soviet republic of Georgia. Here, by the 1990s, they formed a mafia network where this means criminal associations that attempt to monopolize protection in legal and illegal sectors of the economy. In 2005, Mikhail Saakashvili, the current president of Georgia claimed that 'in the past 15 years ... Georgia was not ruled by [former President] Shevardnadze, but by thieves-in-law.' Directly transferring anti-organised crime policy from Italy and America, Saakashvili's government made reform of the criminal justice system generally and an attack on the thieves-in-law specifically a cornerstone of the Rose Revolution. New legislation criminalises the possession of the status of ‘thief-in-law’ and of membership of criminal associations that constitute what is known as the ‘thieves’ world’ (qurduli samkaro). Along with a sweeping reform of the police and prisons and a ‘culture of lawfulness’ campaign, Georgian criminal justice reforms since 2003 may be seen as the first sustained anti-mafia policy to be implemented in a post-Soviet country. It also appears to have been very successful. The longevity and sudden decline of the thieves-in-law in Georgia provides the main questions that the following study addresses: How do we account for changes in the levels of resilience to state attack of actors carrying the elite criminal status of ‘thief-in-law’? How has this resilience been so effectively compromised since 2005? Utilising unique access to primary sources of data such as police files, court cases, archives and expert interviews this thesis studies the dynamics of changing mafia activities, recruitment practices, and structural forms of a criminal group as it relates to changes in the environment and, in particular, the recent anti-organised crime policy.

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18

Dietz, Gudrun. "Mythos der Mafia im Spiegel intermedialer Präsenz." Göttingen V & R Unipress, Bonn Univ. Press, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3025525&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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19

Coluccello, Salvatore. "L'immagine della Mafia Siciliana : dall'apologia alla denuncia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410524.

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20

Kiuttu, L. (Lotta). "Ylivieskan gabrointruusio osana svekofennistä mafis-ultramafista magmatismia." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201711253171.

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Ylivieskan gabroperidotiitti-intruusio sijaitsee Kotalahden nikkelivyöhykkeellä Keski-Pohjanmaalla, noin viiden kilometrin päässä Ylivieskan kirkonkylästä. Intruusio koostuu pääosin kerroksellisesta gabrosta, mutta pitää sisällään myös kuppimaisen peridotiitti-intruusion sekä muita mafis-ultramafisia kivilajeja. Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli tutustua Ylivieskan intruusion gabro-osan petrografiaan Pyhäsalmi Mine Oy:ltä saatujen näytteiden avulla sekä tarkastella intruusiota osana synorogeenista mafis-ultramafista magmatismiä. Intruusio on tutkielman tulosten mukaan tyypillinen svekofenninen mafis-ultramafinen intruusio vastaten genetiikaltaan, petrografialtaan sekä mineralogialtaan muita svekofennisiä Ni-Cu esiintymiä sekä Kotalahti-tyypin intruusioita. Polarisaatio- ja malmimikroskoopilla sekä röntgenmikroanalysaattorilla suoritettujen tutkimusten tuloksien perusteella Ylivieskan gabron kerroksellisesta osasta olevat näytteet koostuivat oliviinigabronoriitista, gabronoriitista sekä noriitista. Yhdessä näytteessä esiintyi Ylivieskan intruusiolle tyypillistä kumulusplagioklaasia. Pyrokseenin muuttumista amfiboleiksi oli havaittavissa kahdessa näytteessä. Molemmat näytteistä olivat myös mineralisoituneita sisältäen pääosin magneettikiisua, pentlandiittia, rikkikiisua sekä kuparikiisua. Ylivieskan gabroperidotiitti-intruusiossa riittää paljon tutkittavaa myös jatkossa. Eri magmatyyppien ikiä ja keskinäisiä leikkaussuhteita ei ole pystytty arvioimaan luotettavasti. Gabron ja peridotiittimuodostuman väliset suhteet vaativat lisäksi vielä varmistamista. Mahdollisesti kontaminoituneet pyrokseniitit sekä primitiivisemmän tyypin peridotiitit ovat uusimman tutkimustiedon perusteella malminetsinnällisesti mielenkiintoisimpia jatkotutkimuskohteita. Jotta malmipotentiaalisemmat alueet voitaisiin rajata tarkemmin, täytyisi eri magmatyyppien erot tunnistaa paremmin.

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21

Sauloy, Mylène. "Colombie : drogue, mafia et pouvoir, 1970-1985." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA03A015.

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La drogue est un element incontournable dans l'analyse de la crise colombienne aujourd'hui. Une crise manifeste dans la vulnerabilite de l'etat, sa deliquescence et son atomisation. Une crise tangible au niveau economique, ideologique et culturel. Une crise enfin qui atteint son paroxyme avec le blocage endemique du systeme politique et le dechainement d'une violence generalisee. En colombie, les parrains de la drogue jouent un role preponderant dans ce processus. Leur argent corrompt, soit, mais l'etat lui-meme n'a pas hesite a s'en servir comme d'un instrument de politique economique. Leur influence sociale est telle qu'ils sont a l'origine de la "classe emergente" (la classe "montante") l'economie de la drogue est totalement integree a l'economie legale. En fait, la montee de la mafia en colombie n'est explicable que parce qu'elle renforce le pouvoir en place. Mais en meme temps, il faut l'interpreter comme un facteur de remise en cause de l'echelle de valeurs dominantes et de l'image de l'etat. Et finalement de la legitimite de l'etat lui-meme
Drugs are a factor impossible to ignore when analysing today's colombian crisis. The colombian state is parcelled out; it suffers from anaemia and decay. The crisis is sensible in economic, ideological and cultural aspects too. Its climax is reached with the endemic jamming of the political system and the bursting out of generalized violence. Colombian drugs traffickers are playing a determinating part in this process. Their money corrupts, indeed, but the state itself did not hesitate to use it as an instrument for its economic policy. Their social influence is so important that they gave birth to a new social class; the "classe emergente" (the "rising class"). Drugs economy is totally integrated in the legal economy. Finally, mafia's growth in colombia is to be explained by the fact that it strengthens the established power. But, at the same time, it has to be interpreted as a factor of disruption in the prevailing scale of values and the state's image. As a last result, it calls the very legitimacy of the state into question

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22

Sauloy, Mylène. "Colombie drogue, mafia et pouvoir, 1970-1985 /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618452v.

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23

Marabini, Eugenia. "La mafia non è solo Cosa Nostra: analisi del fenomeno mafioso tra Germania e Italia e proposta di traduzione di due estratti del libro Mafialand Deutschland di Jürgen Roth." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18849/.

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L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è analizzare il fenomeno delle organizzazioni criminali e la di esse diffusione in Germania, focalizzando l’attenzione in particolar modo sulla percezione che il popolo tedesco ne ha e sui metodi con i quali queste operano e portano a termine i loro affari. In particolare, il primo capitolo tratterà il fenomeno di negazione e razionalizzazione che caratterizza l’approccio del paese tedesco nei confronti delle organizzazioni mafiose e la facilità con cui queste ultime riescono ad insabbiare le tracce del proprio operato. Nel capitolo successivo sarà invece trattato il processo di modernizzazione (attivo da qualche decennio all’interno delle mafie) che ha portato ad un rinnovamento dei modi operandi, tra i quali non dominano più le richieste del pizzo, il traffico di droga o le faide tra famiglie, e si arriverà così a definire il volto della mafia odierna, la quale preferisce generalmente rimanere nell’ombra, infiltrandosi nelle istituzioni. A questo proposito, nel terzo capitolo sarà inserita la proposta di traduzione di due estratti del libro del giornalista e scrittore tedesco Jürgen Roth Mafialand Deutschland, i quali tratteranno due casi di cronaca che hanno fatto scalpore, in particolare l’abuso di potere subito dal vicesindaco di Strausberg Friedhelm Zapf e la vicenda giudiziaria nata dall’aggressione a scopo intimidatorio nei confronti dell’imprenditore Martin Klockzin, e saranno pertanto volti ad evidenziare, rispettivamente, la corruzione nella classe politica e nella giustizia tedesche. Le tecniche di cui mi sono avvalsa e le difficoltà riscontrate nella traduzione dei suddetti estratti saranno analizzate, infine, nel quarto e ultimo capitolo.

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24

Picchi, Lorenzo [Verfasser]. "The State-Mafia Deal : An analysis of the strategies and patterns of the Sicilian Mafia. 1989-2006. / Lorenzo Picchi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237269237/34.

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25

Clifford, Adrianne Brown. "Tumor Associated Macrophages in a MaFIA Mouse Model." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1427.pdf.

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26

Angelov, Borislav(Borislav L. ). "Ornament because of crime : learning from Mafia Baroque." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/121811.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101).
The thesis looks at the very specific economic and political circumstances in post-Communist Bulgaria that led to the emergence of Mafia Baroque as a distinct architectural style and an instrument for communicating power. Building on the context of the economic meltdown of the mid-1990s, the urban development out-pacing the changing regulatory environment due to corruption, , and the unclear laws relating to land restitution and private development- it seeks to understand how these mafia individuals exploited the construction industry and architecture, and what the future manifestations of these mechanisms could be. A new wave of rural migration to the cities and the current construction boom, present an opportunity for these macho nationalist "businessmen" to establish themselves as "righteous members and builders of society". The thesis will neither seek to create a dialectical- "cleaned up" version of Mafia Baroque nor will it just serve as a cautionary tale projecting a bleak future. If ornament used to be a direct product of crime, could it now express its patron's ulterior motive for an improved urban environment as it takes on additional collective functions besides communicating power? The previous flat kit bashing of parts will be replaced with new programmatic and spatial explorations that seek to project a new synthetic urban condition replacing the individualized enclaves of the present.
by Borislav Angelov.
M. Arch.
M.Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture

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27

Černohorský, David. "Krizové aspekty dluhu Itálie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193468.

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The work examines the hypothesis that the Italian debt has already reached its critical level and the creditors no longer trust the country. I concluded that it's far from having reached its critical level. Despite the rising debt and internal problems, Italy borrows more cheaply than before and thanks to economic growth and some reforms we can expect this trend to continue. On the other hand, the country still has major structural problems and struggles with high unemployment and declining competitiveness. In the case of failure to introduce necessary reforms, in a longer-term can Italy suffer by significant problems.

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28

Hedback, Sara. "Giovanni Falcone : l'uomo che cercò di combattere la mafia." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Italienska, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3100.

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29

Hofmann, Martin Ludwig. "Monopole der Gewalt : mafiose Macht, staatliche Souveränität und die Wiederkehr normativer Theorie /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399090579.

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30

Salen, Katie. "Pokéwalkers, mafia dons, and football fans : play mobile with me." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4982/.

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This paper addresses a theoretical reconfiguration of experience, a repositioning of the techno-social within the domains of mobility, games, and play, and embodiment. The ideas aim to counter the notion that our experience with videogames (and digital media more generally), is largely “virtual” and disembodied – or at most exclusively audiovisual. Notions of the virtual and disembodied support an often-tacit belief that technologically mediated experiences count for nothing if not perceived and valued as human. It is here where play in particular can be put to work, be made to highlight and clarify, for it is in play that we find this value of humanity most wholly embodied. Further, it is in considering the design of the metagame that questions regarding the play experience can be most powerfully engaged. While most of any given game’s metagame emerges from play communities and their larger social worlds (putting it out of reach of game design proper), mobile platforms have the potential to enable a stitching together of these experiences: experiences held across time, space, communities, and bodies. This coming together thus represents a convergence not only of media, participants, contexts, and technologies, but of human experience itself. This coming together is hardly neat, nor fully realized. It is, if nothing else, multifaceted and worthy of further study. It is a convergence in which the dynamics of screen play are reengaged.

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31

Walston, J. "Mafia and clientelism : Roads to Rome in post war Calabria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384551.

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32

Rajashekar, Anirudh V. "Do private water tankers in Bangalore exhibit "mafia-like" behavior?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99090.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
"June 2015." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-104).
While there is an increasing acceptance in academic literature about the importance of informal water delivery in cities around the developing world, public opinion is often divided. Many citizens see informal water vendors as businesses controlled by extortionary "mafias" and call for government regulation. This thesis explores whether government regulation is justified in the case of Bangalore, India where water issues have become increasingly pressing and informal water vendors, also known as the "water mafia," have grown in number and in influence. In particular, this thesis will explore whether private tankers display any form of anti-competitive behavior by addressing two questions: 1) Do private water tankers exhibit monopoly power, and 2) Do private water tanker prices vary depending on the characteristics of the customers they serve? Evidence collected in July-August 2014 and January 2015 indicates that tankers do not operate in an anti-competitive manner and that government intervention is not justified on these grounds. However, tankers do contribute to declining groundwater levels and government intervention on these grounds ought to be explored.
by Anirudh Rajashekar.
M.C.P.

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33

Petreça, Daniel Rogério. "Mafra em forma." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93288.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2009
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T19:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 274149.pdf: 2036824 bytes, checksum: 35e8caf3819ebf0f938b3a9c2b7fac34 (MD5)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência do exercício físico nas aptidões funcionais, nas medidas antropométricas e na associação entre as variáveis dos participantes da Ginástica Popular do programa Mafra em Forma, do município de Mafra-SC. Este estudo se caracterizou como quantitativo de caráter pré-experimental (sem grupo controle). A amostra foi composta de 360 mulheres (C =57,08, dp=6,77 anos), participantes da Ginástica Popular, do programa Mafra em Forma. Para obter informações referentes à idenficação e informações sociodemográficas foi aplicado uma anamnese inicial e o questionário de classificação econômica da ABEP (2003). Para obter dados antropométricos foram realizadas as medidas de massa corporal (MC), estatura, perímetro de cintura (PC) e quadril (PQ). Foram calculados o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Razão Cinturaquadril (RCQ), Relação Cintura-estatura (RCE) e para o Percentual de Gordura (%G) foi utilizado um aparelho de bio-impedância da Marca Omron® Model HBF- 306. Para avaliar a aptidão funcional foi aplicado a bateria de testes propostos pela American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance AAHPERD (OSNESS et al., 1990). As avaliações aconteceram em julho (pré-teste) e dezembro (pós-teste) de 2008 nos locais onde são realizadas as sessões de ginástica. O protocolo de tratamento consistiu em 34 sessões de ginástica, com o tempo de 60 minutos, durante quatro meses, duas vezes na semana, sendo que o treinamento preconizou a manutenção das aptidões funcionais. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas do Microsoft Excel 2007 e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS 13.0® por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, Wilcoxon, correlação de Pearson, teste de Qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Foi adotado nível de significância de p <0,05. Melhoras significativas foram observadas nos componentes antropométricos PC (p=0,02), PQ (p=0,03), RCE (p=0,045), e %G (<0,0001), também nas aptidões funcionais: agilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico, flexibilidade, coordenação, resistência de força e resistência aeróbia (p<0,0001). Ao relacionar as variáveis, os resultados indicaram indícios da relação inversa entre os componentes de aptidão funcional e níveis altos de IMC (p=0, 0001) e uma correlação moderada entre o %G e as variáveis de agilidade (r=0,38), resistência de força (r=-0,92) e resistência aeróbia (r=0,40). Também foi observada uma associação entre %G inadequado e a ocorrência de hipertensão (p-valor=0, 0001). Sendo assim, conclui-se que a intervenção de exercícios físicos por meio da ginástica, numa frequência de duas vezes semanais, durante quatro meses, é efetiva para melhorar e/ou manter níveis de aptidão funcional e algumas variáveis antropométricas. Portanto, demonstra-se a importância de políticas públicas para implantação de programas de atividades físicas.

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34

Broyer, Philippe. "Les réseaux du blanchiment de l'argent : l'émergence d'un nouveau système." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0062.

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L'argent de provenance douteuse pose un probleme a ceux qui le detiennent ; il n'est guere presentable en son etat d'origine et doit donc suivre un traitement destine a preparer son introduction dans l'economie legale : il s'agit du processus de blanchiment. Les besoins en ce domaine sont directement lies aux activites de la criminalite organisee dont le developpement est marque par un double mouvement de diversification et d'internationalisation. Les voies, les moyens et les lieux utilises pour la realisation d'operations de blanchiment sont tres varies mais l'objectif recherche est toujours le meme. Les conditions d'une lutte efficace contre le blanchiment sont-elles actuellement reunies ? la question doit s'envisager en tenant compte des mutations intervenues au cours de ces dernieres annees sur la scene internationale. On constate aujourd'hui que l'evolution du systeme economique et financier mondial a progressivement cree un contexte de plus en plus favorable pour tous ceux qui souhaitent blanchir de l'argent. D'une part, les fonds provenant d'activites criminelles circulent dans les memes conditions que les autres capitaux. D'autre part, l'interpenetration croissante entre les activites legales et illegales est propice a la realisation d'operations de recyclage ; enfin, les systemes de transfert electronique de fonds facilitent le blanchiment et rendent sa detection quasiment impossible. Les efforts entrepris par les pays occidentaux pour combattre le blanchiment sont caracterises par leur grande dispersion et leur relative inefficacite ; la creation de services de renseignements financiers ne constitue pas une reponse suffisante en outre, le developpement des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication est en train de remettre en cause les fondements des dispositifs actuels tant preventifs que repressifs. Ces systemes reposent sur l'identification des clients a l'occasion des contacts entre ceux-ci et les intermediaires financiers ; or, les nouvelles technologies permettent justement d'entrer en relation avec des clients en l'absence de tout contact

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35

Frey, Rüdiger, Lars Rösler, and Dan Lu. "Corporate Security Prices in Structural Credit Risk Models with Incomplete Information." Wiley, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mafi.12176.

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The paper studies structural credit risk models with incomplete information of the asset value. It is shown that the pricing of typical corporate securities such as equity, corporate bonds or CDSs leads to a nonlinear filtering problem. This problem cannot be tackled with standard techniques as the default time does not have an intensity under full information. We therefore transform the problem to a standard filtering problem for a stopped diffusion process. This problem is analyzed via SPDE results from the filtering literature. In particular we are able to characterize the default intensity under incomplete information in terms of the conditional density of the asset value process. Moreover, we give an explicit description of the dynamics of corporate security prices. Finally, we explain how the model can be applied to the pricing of bond and equity options and we present results from a number of numerical experiments.

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36

Kipacha, Ahmad. "Kingome-English lexicon." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91254.

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37

Ravenda, Diego. "Inferences from Financial Statements of Legally Registered Mafia Firms in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286744.

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In this dissertation we examine labor tax avoidance, expenses manipulation and accrual management within a sample of 224 Italian firms defined as legally registered Mafia firms (LMFs), due to having been confiscated by judicial authorities in relation to alleged connections of their owners with Italian organized crime. Based on the insights gained, we further develop a predictive model that can contribute to the detection of LMFs. Overall, our results reveal that, before being confiscated, LMFs engage more in labor tax avoidance and accrual management relative to lawful firms (LWFs). Furthermore, LMFs upward manage material expenses and downward manage personnel and service expenses with a cumulative negative effect on reported cash flow relative to sales. On the other hand, following their confiscation and consequent assignment to legal administrators, practices of LMFs mostly become insignificantly different from those of LWFs, although LMFs continue exhibiting a higher degree of accrual management. Finally, our detection model correctly classifies 76.41% of firms within a matched sample of 852 firm-years including LMFs before confiscation and LWFs. Unlisted LMFs are socially irresponsible by nature because of their illicit purposes. In addition, their incentives, modus operandi and financial statement formats differ from those of listed companies. Hence, our study allows inferring conclusions on the relations of corporate social responsibility with earnings management and labor tax avoidance. Furthermore, it adopts new earnings management and labor tax avoidance measures that, as well as providing additional insights, may enhance further research on their effectiveness in other cultural, legal and institutional contexts and for other types of firm. Finally, but no less important, our findings can aid practitioners and regulators in identifying accounting signals that can be used in risk assessment models or in the detection of criminal infiltrations and related illicit practices, especially in countries with a strong criminal presence.
En aquesta tesi investiguem l’evasió contributiva laboral, la manipulació de despeses i la manipulació d’ajustos comptables dins una mostra de 224 empreses italianes definides com a empreses mafioses legalment registrades (LMFs) per haver sigut confiscades per les autoritats judicials a causa de presumptes connexions dels seus propietaris amb el crim organitzat italià. A partir dels resultats assolits, desenvolupem addicionalment un model predictiu que pot contribuir a la detecció de les LMFs. En general, els nostres resultats indiquen que, abans de ser confiscades, les LMFs realitzen més evasió contributiva laboral i manipulació d’ajustos comptables respecte a les empreses legals (LWFs). Addicionalment, les LMFs manipulen a l’alça les despeses de materials i manipulen a la baixa les despeses de personal i de serveis amb un efecte cumulatiu negatiu sobre el flux de caixa presentat respecte a les vendes. D’altra banda, després de la seva confiscació i la conseqüent assignació als administradors legals, les practiques de les LMFs esdevenen en general insignificativament diferents d’aquelles de les LWFs, tot i que les LMFs segueixen exhibint un grau major de manipulació d’ajustos comptables. Finalment, el nostre model de detecció classifica correctament el 76.41% de les empreses dins una mostra aparellada de 852 any-empreses que inclou les LMFs abans de la confiscació i les LWFs. Les LMFs no cotitzades son socialment irresponsables per natura a causa dels seus propòsits il·lícits. A més, els seus incentius, modus operandi i formats d’estats financers difereixen d’aquells de les empreses cotitzades. Per consegüent, el nostre estudi permet inferir conclusions sobre les relacions de la responsabilitat social corporativa amb la manipulació comptable i l’evasió contributiva laboral. Addicionalment, adopta noves mesures de manipulació comptable i evasió contributiva laboral que, a més de proporcionar nous coneixements, podrien fomentar una nova recerca sobre la seva efectivitat en altres contexts culturals, legals i institucionals i per a altres menes d’empreses. Finalment però no menys important, els nostres resultats poden ajudar els professionals i els reguladors a identificar senyals comptables que es poden utilitzar en models d’avaluació de riscos o per a la detecció d’infiltracions criminals i practiques il·lícites relatives, especialment en països amb una forta presencia criminal.

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Fulland, Lise. "Government Mafia? : a socio-economic approach to the legalization of narcotics." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-432.

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Анотація:

Swedish drug policies are among the most prohibitive in the world. Regardless of the ever expanding “narcotics criminal code” (narkotikastrafflagen), the drug use development in Sweden has followed international fluctuations in the narcotics market. A considerable increase in the number of debutants in using narcotics can be seen in the 1960s, followed by a reduction during the 1970s reaching a low in the mid 1980s. This is when the “zero-vision” on drugs is introduced in Sweden. Despite this vision and its accompanying increase in preventive measures, a remarkable increase in the number of users of narcotics has taken place from the 1990s up until the present.

Swedish policy today puts lots of recourses into catching the users of narcotics even though historically and in comparison to other countries punishment and force have not been seen to be the strategies giving results. At the same time the Netherlands who is seen as an ultra-liberal country on the issue of narcotics, show better results than ultra-prohibitive Sweden, better results being fewer serious abusers per 1000 inhabitants. The fact that they have a higher frequency of people regularly using cannabis does not seem to result in a high number of abusers of serious narcotics.

With this paper I wanted to raise the question whether or not the resources the Swedish state today use on the prevention of the use of drugs could be allocated in a different way. In my research I found that the reason for the development of an abuse of narcotics was not the mere existence of drugs themselves, but rather marginalization and social maladjustment. Therefore I think it is time to shift focus from the abuse of narcotics and to these reasons for the abuse.

In my paper I introduce one way of distributing legal narcotics through specialized drugstores where you need a license to be allowed to buy the narcotics. This is to help control the use of narcotics, to prevent illegal distribution, and to obtain information on the use patterns and demand for narcotics. This system is also meant to be a warning system to help the Swedish government to offer help to those who need it.

I have also done a qualitative cost- benefit analysis on the legalization of narcotics, listing all the possible costs and benefits this might have for society.

My conclusion is that regardless of the economical profits that could be made trough legalizing narcotics, there are bigger issues that I have not been able to monetize, that need to be considered when making this decision. One example could be health effects and the value of those.

Legalization is not necessarily the only road to take, but regardless of legalizing drugs or not, focus and resources should be shifted to prevent marginalization and social maladjustment and remove the reasons why people develop an abuse in the first place.

Den svenska narkotikapolitiken är en av de mest restriktiva i världen. Oberoende av den hela tiden expanderande narkotikastrafflagen så har drogutvecklingen i Sverige följt de internationala trenderna på narkotikamarknaden. En markant ökning i antalet narkotika- debutanter kan ses på 1960-talet, följt av en nedgång under 1970-talet. En botten nås på mitten av 1980-talet. Samtidigt introduceras ”nollvisionen” i den svenska narkotikapolitiken. Trots denna visionen och de tillhörande ökningarna i preventiva åtgärder, ser man en kraftig ökning i antalet narkotikaanvändare från mitten av 1990-talet och fram till i dag.

Dagens svenska narkotikapolitik lägger mycket fokus på att få tag på narkotikaanvändarna även om straff och tvång inte har varit de strategier som givit resultat, sett från ett historiskt perspektiv och i jämförelse med andra länder. Samtidigt visar Nederländerna, som ses som ett ultraliberalt land i narkotikafrågan, ett bättre resultat än ultrarestriktiva Sverige. Med ett bättre resultat menas färre missbrukare per 1000 invånare. Det faktum att Nederländerna har en högre frekvens av folk som regelbundet använder cannabis verkar inte ge ett högre antal narkotikamissbrukare.

Med denna uppsats vill jag ställa frågan om de resurser som svenska staten i dag lägger på att hindra narkotikaanvändandet kan allokeras på ett annat sätt. I min forskning fann jag att orsakerna till utvecklandet av ett missbruk var marginalisering och social missanpassning, inte själva existensen av narkotika. Av den anledningen menar jag att fokus måste flyttas från narkotikamissbruket och till anledningarna till narkotikamissbruket.

I min uppsats presenterar jag ett specifikt sätt att distribuera narkotika, nämligen genom specialiserade narkotikaaffärer där man behöver en licens för att köpa narkotika. Detta för att kunna kontrollera narkotikaanvändandet, hindra olaglig distribution av droger, samt för att erhålla information om användningsmönster och efterfrågan på narkotika. Detta system är också menat att hjälpa svenska staten att erbjuda hjälp till dem som behöver det.

Jag har även gjort en kvalitativ kostnads- nyttoanalys om legaliseringen av narkotika, i vilken jag räknar upp de kostnader och nyttor detta kan ha för samhället.

Min konklusion är dock att oberoende av de ekonomiska fördelar en legalisering skulle kunna ge, så finns det många omständigheter som jag inte kunnat värdera och vilka bör tas med när man tar detta beslut. Exempel på sådana kan vara hälsoeffekter och hur man värderar dessa.

Legalisering är inte nödvändigtvis ända sättet, men oavsett en legalisering eller inte borde fokus och resurser flyttas för att hindra marginalisering och social missanpassning, och eliminera orsakarna till att folk utvecklar ett missbruk i första hand.

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39

Ahmad, Rohail. "'Pure Mafia', a novel about child labour, plus thesis and commentary." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7666.

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Анотація:

This PhD in Creative Writing consists of three parts. The first part is a full-length novel, approximately 80K words, entitled Pure Mafia. It is a drama about child labour and the Pakistani “carpet mafia”. This is intertwined with the story of an unhappily married man undergoing a midlife crisis who has an affair with a younger woman; the latter is instrumental to the main plot about child labour. The book’s second main theme is British Pakistanis. An overarching theme is abuse and exploitation, both personal and global, but ultimately of redemption and renewal. The story is set in 2010/2011, mainly in London, England, with a middle section in Lahore, Pakistan. The second part is an academic thesis, approximately 20K words, entitled Cheap Labour = Child Labour, on the main theme of the novel, child labour. It attempts to show that child labour is an inevitable consequence of cheap labour generally, and that the only way to tackle child labour is to address cheap labour. The thesis has been consciously and deliberately written as an objective, third person, standalone document and for this reason does not mention the novel. It is partly designed to fulfil the general PhD criterion of demonstrating scholarship and research. The third part is a subjective, first person critical commentary, approximately 15K words, on the writing of the novel and the thesis, the connection between them, and the research context; it is entitled Pure Mafia: A critical commentary. It explains why the main thesis is on child labour, rather than on the creative process or an English Literature thesis; however, the commentary does include in some detail an insight into the creative process, as well as a discussion of influences and tradition of writing. The final section of the commentary summarises this entire PhD’s original contribution to knowledge.

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40

Caplan, Pat. "Changing Swahili Cultures in a Globalising World: An Approach from Anthropology." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137420.

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Анотація:

This article considers what might be meant by Swahili cultures and Swahili identities. It regards neither concept as fixed, but as constituting a repertoire from which people choose strategically, depending not only upon location and historical time, but also upon social context. The processes of constituting cultures and identities are part of the making of meaning, a process in which, as will be seen, there are important continuities, ruptures and contradictions. With its attention to detail and its ability to give voice to the local, ethnography plays an important role in understanding the construction of both cultures and identities. In this paper, ethnographic examples are drawn both from my own fieldwork on Mafia Island, Tanzania, begun in 1965, and from the work of other anthropologists and scholars who have carried out research on the East African coast and islands.

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41

Phillips, Amber Lindsey. "Not the mafia you know : cultural representations of the 'Ndràngheta, 1955-2015." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743012.

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42

Vaccarello, Jaclyn. "The mafia in America the media's influence on stereotypes of Italian Americans /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341796.

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43

Rodrigues, Analuiza Costa Pereira. "Rochas metamorficas maficas e ultramaficas do Greenstone Belt Barbacena na região de Itutinga, MG." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287148.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Asit Choudhuri
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Na região de ltutinga-Nazareno, sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, borda sudeste do Cráton de São Francisco, afloram rochas metamórficas vulcânicas máficas e ultramáficas de sucessões vulcano-sedimentares estudadas petrográfica e quimicamente nesta pesquisa geológica. As sucessões vulcano-sedimentares são constituídas por metabasaltos, metakomatiítos, e rochas metassedimentares associadas, e são consideradas pertencentes ao Greenstone Relt Barbacena. Encaixados nas rochas vulcânicas, ocorrem corpos intrusivos de composição gabróica. A faixa de rochas vulcano-sedimentares apresenta-se concordante com o trend regional de outras faixas greenstone semelhantes de direção NE-SW, e é bordejada e intrudida por rochas graníticas (sensu lato) a NW e SE. As feições texturais e as estruturas primárias parcialmente preservadas encontradas nas rochas ultramáficas indicam origem vulcânica para essas rochas. A origem vulcânica dos anfibolitos (metabasaltos) foi inferida com base na granulação fina, na associação com as rochas ultramáficas vulcânicas e na assinatura geoquímica dessas rochas. As rochas gabróicas têm raras texturas primárias local e parcialmente preservadas, apresentando textura cumulática, confirmando sua natureza intrusiva. As rochas vulcânicas e plutônicas encontram-se metamorfisadas em fácies anfibolito ou xisto-verde, ou transicional entre estas fácies. Duas fases de metamorfismo (M), M2a e M2b), e feições deformacionais correlacionadas aos três eventos caracterizados regionalmente, Dn, Dn+l e Dn+2, foram identificadas. As rochas máficas e ultramáficas vulcânicas e plutônicas apresentam composição tholeiítica. A assinatura geoquímica dos metabasaltos é similar a de basaltos MORB e as rochas vulcânicas ultramáficas são claramente komatiíticas
Abstract: In the area around ltutinga-Nazareno, Minas Gerais State, at the southeastem limit of São Francisco Craton, there are outcrops of thick successions of volcanic mafic and ultramafic rocks that are the subbject of the present study. This volcano-sedimentary succession is mainly constituted by metabasalts, metakomatiites and minor metassedimentary rocks, and is considered to be part of the Barbacena Greenstone Belt. Intrusive bodies of gabroic composition also occur in the same area. The strip of the volcano-sedimentary rocks is parallel with the regional NE-SW trend in common with other similar greenstone strips in the sorrounding areas. They are bordered and intruded to the NW and SE by granitic rocks (sensu lato). Partially preserved primary structures and textural features indicate a volcanic origin for the ultramafic rocks. A volcanic origin for the amphibolites (metabasalts) was inferred from their fine-grained texture and the c10se spacial relationship with the volcanic ultramafic rocks. The gabroic rocks at times show rare preserved cumulate texture, attesting to their intrusive nature. The volcanic and plutonic rocks were metamorphosed in amphibolite or greenschist facies, or transitional between the two. Two metamorphic phases, MI, M2a and M2b, and some deformational features correlated to the three regionally recognised events, Dn, Dn+1 and Dn+2, were identified. The mafic and ultramafic volcanic and plutonic rocks show tholeiitic composition. The geochemical signature of the metabasalts is similar MORE, and the volcanic ultramafic rocks are c1early komatiitic
Mestrado
Metalogenese
Mestre em Geociências

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44

Scarabelli, D. "La polizia e la mafia in Sicilia : cogestione, collusione e ragion di stato, 1866-1875. (The Police and the Mafia in Sicily : collusion, co-management, and raison d’état, 1866-1875.)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1435554/.

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My research focuses on one of the first important instances in which the Italian state and Mafia gangs established some kind of cooperation aimed at managing public order in Palermo after Italian unification. Specifically my thesis examines the time period between 1866 and 1875. During this period we can find public accusations and confidential reports that describe a system based on the interaction between State actors and Mafiosi or criminals in general. The entire police, judiciary, and government apparatus of the Italian State seems have been involved. The central government itself was aware of this system and allowed it. The type of exchange that took place between the parties was so consistent and coordinated that can be viewed as a "system of co-management at a high level". Therefore, it is the first case of wide-ranging transactions with criminal groups and Mafiosi to occur after Italian unification. This system was born for specific reasons and it developed due to local, national, and European contingencies and needs. Safeguarding public order was perceived as a fundamental condition for protecting Italian Unity that had just been achieved. The Palermo uprising of 1866 had triggered fears, among the Italian political elites, that the country would disintegrate. My research aims at revealing the roots, goals, evolution, and consequences of this system. The choices made in the 1860s would have had repercussions in Palermo and in Italy for the rest of that century and created the conditions for further collusion between the institutions and the Mafia. The analysis of this first compromise that the Italian State put into operation with the Sicilian Mafia is also beneficial for understanding exchanges between institutions and the Mafia that are a constant in Mafia history.

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45

Mak, Man-kee. "A comparative study of triad societies and the Mafia past, present and future /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975550.

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46

Mak, Man-kee, and 麥民基. "A comparative study of triad societies and the Mafia: past, present and future." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975550.

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47

Hai, David. "Odhad hodnoty firmy MAFRA, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11178.

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Анотація:

The diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of a company MAFRA, a.s. The aim of the paper is to assess the ability of MAFRA a.s. company to increase company value and the ability to sustain the growth in the future. MAFRA a.s. company was valuated using free cash flow to the firm metod .Value of the company is estimated as of 31/12/2008. The value estimated is 2 996 851 677 CZK.

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48

Sangimino, Marissa. "Rewriting the Mafioso: The Gangster Hero in the Work of Puzo, Coppola, and Rimanelli." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104214.

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Анотація:

Thesis advisor: Carlo Rotella
During the early to mid-1900s, an infatuation with the “gangster” grew in American popular culture. In response to historical events of the early twentieth century that polarized the United States class system, especially the Great Depression, those in the growing lower class became fascinated with actual and fictional figures that could demonstrate the ability to live “in-between;” that is, anyone who did not benefit from corporate capitalism but, rather, from standing on the dangerous middle ground between the classes, challenging economic, ethnic, and even legal boundaries. Both fictional and nonfictional figures of the “gangster” arose in American media in the form of a hyper-masculine character who could transform his humble origins into a luxurious life by committing brilliantly brutal crimes with bravado. As the gangster became more established over the course of the following decades and expanded in popularity beyond the original working-class audience, the gangster also became a nostalgic figure who offered a sense of tradition, which in part accounts for the gangster’s continuing popularity in modern media. As the first chapter explains, due to the association of southern Italian immigrants with crime and patriarchy in the United States, gangster and mafia fiction most largely concern southern Italians and Italian- Americans. Since its inception, the Italian-American gangster hero, or the “Mafioso,” has commanded a strong following among American audiences. Due to the saliency of the Mafioso figure and the widespread influence of the genre, both the figure and the narrative merit critical discussion and analysis. The first chapter of the following article outlines the ways in which traditional mafia fiction, epitomized by Puzo and Coppola’s sensational The Godfather, extrapolates from historical phenomena, like the hyphenate individual, with the tools of genre fiction in order to craft the classical Mafioso. The chapter considers the reliance of the Mafioso on such elements as bella figura and omertà, as well as socio-cultural norms assigned to Italian-Americans in the media, and considers the characteristics of the Mafioso by examining the character system present in The Godfather. In outlining the evolution of the Mafioso character, the first chapter explores what it means for the character of the gangster hero to perpetuate the values that once popularized it. In response, the second chapter provides a close reading of the work of parodist and multi-genre writer Giose Rimanelli, who takes bold and innovative steps in questioning the mafia narrative in his novel Benedetta in Guysterland. Rimanelli, a writer undoubtedly more focused on high-literary intertextuality than a genre writer, includes characters branded by the same traditional elements of The Godfather’s Mafioso but, instead of aggrandizing the Mafioso in the traditional fashion, utilizes these elements to question the foundation upon which classical mafia fiction relies. The chapter explicates Rimanelli’s clever use of referential language, unique narrative structure, and complex characters in order to analyze the ways in which Rimanelli demonstrates the potential for Italian-American literature to evolve. The chapter discusses Rimanelli’s recognition and distortion of mafia fiction tropes, scrutinizing key characters, and ultimately assays the potential for expansion in the mafia fiction genre. By providing a close reading of two texts, related in content but highly divergent in their method and objective, this article juxtaposes the historical Mafioso against his reexamined counterpart. Through an analysis of the history and canonical figuration of the gangster hero in The Godfather, and an examination of Rimanelli’s extensive reworking, the following two chapters call readers to recognize the historical context in which the Mafioso formed and rethink the literary outcomes of reinventing the tradition of both the character and the narrative
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: English

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49

Toledo, Catarina Laboure Benfica. "Evolução geologica das rochas maficas e ultramaficas no Greenstone Belt Barbacena, região de Nazareno, MG." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287167.

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Анотація:

Orientadores : Asit Choudhuri, Gergely Andres Julio Szabo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A região de Nazareno está localizada na borda meridional do Cráton do São Francisco e inclui rochas de origem plutônica, vulcânica e sedimentar, arqueanas a mesoproterozóicas, retrabalhadas por eventos termo-tectônicos subseqüentes. Dois conjuntos distintos de rochas máficas e ultramáficas ocorrem nesta região. O primeiro representado por metavulcânicas de filiação komatiítica e toleítica, pertencentes ao Greenstone Belt Barbacena, e o segundo caracterizado por corpos máfico-ultramáficos diferenciados encaixados nessa sucessão vulcano-sedimentar. O presente estudo pretende caracterizar e reconstruir a história evolutiva desses conjuntos de rochas máficas e ultramáficas. As rochas pertencentes à sucessão vulcano-sedimentar estão distribuídas em duas faixas irregulares com direção NE-SW, Faixa Nazareno e Faixa Rio das Mortes, delimitadas por granitóides paleoproterozóicos intrusivos. As rochas de filiação komatiítica são depletadas em alumínio e apresentam características químicas semelhantes às ocorrências clássicas de komatiitos do tipo ADK, com valores de AlzOj/ Ti02 < 20, razões entre Ti, Zr, Sc distintas das razões condríticas e depleção de ETR pesados, sugerindo uma origem a partir de plumas mantélicas profundas, geradas entre 450 e 650 km. As rochas de filiação toleítica apresentam características transicionais entre E-MORB e N-MORB e são semelhantes aos basaltos de plateaus oceânicos, formados por plumas mantélicas em ambiente intraplaca. Associados às faixas vulcano-sedimentares ocorrem quatro corpos máfico-ultramáficos diferenciados, lenticulares e isolados, que apresentam proporções variáveis de termos máficos (metagabros e anfibolitos) e ultramáficos (metaperidotito e metapiroxenito). Apesar do metamorfismo e deformação, as feições texturais originais indicativas de protólitos magmáticos plutônicos diferenciados, tais como texturas cumuláticas e acamamento ígneo, encontram-se ainda preservadas. Os padrões de ETR destes corpos são semelhantes aos dos complexos estratiformes clássicos, sugerindo cristalização em ambiente anorogênico. A região foi afetada por pelo menos três eventos termo-tectônicos, Dn.h Dn e D n+!' O mais antigo, possivelmente arqueano, desenvolveu-se em condições de fácies anfibolito inferior (M)) e seus registros estão impressos nas rochas da sucessão vulcano-sedimentar. O evento de deformação principal (Dn) gerou as feições tectônicas penetrativas da área, registradas tanto na sucessão vulcânica quanto nos corpos mafico-ultramáficos diferenciados. Este evento se processou em condições de fácies anfibolito inferior a médio (M2) e representa a primeira manifestação do Evento Transamazônico na região. A fase Dn+) afetou todas as rochas da região e se desenvolveu em condições de fácies xisto verde superior (Mj). Ela pode representar a segunda manifestação do Evento Transamazônico ou estar relacionada à Orogênese Brasiliana. A evolução geológica proposta para essas rochas envolve a deposição da sucessão vulcano-sedimentar em ambiente de plateau oceânico; colagem e acresção desse plateau em uma margem continental; intrusão de corpos máfico-ultramáficos em ambiente anorogênico; deformação e metamorfismo dessas seqüências durante o Evento Transamazônico, acompanhado pela intrusão de vários corpos granitóides e dioritos associados ao magmatismo do Cinturão Mineiro; e reativação de estruturas mais antigas durante o Evento Brasiliano. A idade do ponto de partida desta evolução ainda não está definida, visto que não existem dados geocronológicos acerca da sucessão vulcano-sedimentar. A idade mínima é balizada pela idade do Trondhjemito Cassiterita (2.162 :I: 10 Ma), intrusivo nos corpos máficoultramáficos e em suas encaixantes
Abstract: The study area is located at the southem border of the São Francisco Craton and shows plutonic, vo1canic and sedimentary rocks, of Archean to Mesoproterozoic age, reworked by later thermo-tectonic events. Two different groups of mafic and ultramafic rocks occur in this region. The first is a komatiite-tholeiite sequence belonging to the Barbacena Greenstone Belt, and the second consists of differentiated mafic-ultramafic bodies intruded in this vo1canic-sedimentary sequence. This research aims to characterize and reconstruct the evolution of these two groups of mafic and ultramafic rocks. The rocks ofthe vo1canic-sedimentary sequence are distributed in two irregular NE-SW belts, named Nazareno and Rio das Mortes belts, surrounded by intrusive Paleoproterozoic granitoids. The Al-depleted komatiites (ADK, AlzO3/ TiOz < 20) present Ti, Zr, Sc ratios different from the chondrite pattems and are HREE depleted. They are interpreted as the result of plume related magmatism generated at depths of 450 to 600 km. The tholeiite succession presents transitional characteristic between E-MORB and N-MORB, similar to basalts of oceanic plateau, and is best interpreted as the result of a mantle plume related intra-oceanic plate. Four different mafic-ultramafic layered bodies are distributed in the vo1canic sedimentary belts with different proportions ofmafic (metagabbros and anphibolites) and ultramafic (metaperidotite and metapiroxenite) components. In spite of the metarnorphism and deformation, the original textural features such as cumulate textures and magmatic layering, indicative of differentiated magmatic plutonic protholiths, are still preserved in some of them. The REE pattems ofthese bodies are similar to the classicallayered complex, suggesting an anorogenic setting. The region was affected by at least three thermo-tectonic events, DO-i> Do e D 0+1. The oldest, probably of Archean age, developed at lower amphibolite conditions (M1) is recognizable in the vo1canic sedimentary rocks. Pervasive tectonic features recorded also in the vo1canic sucession and in the mafic-ultramafic layered bodies, characterize the main deformation event Dn. This event occurs in lower to middle amphibolite facies and represents the first register of the Transamazonian Event in the region. The Dn+ 1 phase is impressed in all rocks of the study area and developed at upper greenschist facies (M3), representing either the second manifestation oftheTransamazonian Event or an event related to the Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle. The geological evolution proposed for these rocks involves the deposition ofvo1cano-sedimentary succession in an oceanic plateau setting; collage and accretion of oceanic plateau at a continental margin; intrusion ofmafic-ultrarnafic layered bodies in an anorogenic setting; deformation and metamorphism of these sequences during the Transamazonian event, followed by the intrusion of several granitoid bodies and diorites associated to magmatism of the Mineiro Belt. Probably, the reactivation of the oldest structures in greenschist facies occurred during the Brasiliano Event. The age of the beginning of this evolution is still poorly known. However, the minimum age is marked by the Cassiterite Trondhjemite body (2.612:!: 10 Ma) intrusive in the mafic-ultramafic bodies and their host rocks
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências

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50

Bykova, Dognon Oksana. "La mafia russe et le crime organisé dans le cinéma : (1988-2010) : représentation, communication et esthétique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH034.

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Aujourd'hui, bien que la mafia russe soit officiellement démantelée, elle continue à influencer et à transformer l’identité de son «fidèle» spectateur par la voie cinématographique. Dans ce cas comme dans sans doute beaucoup d’autres, comme le rappelle à juste titre Valérie Pozner, « le cinéma doit être replacé au sein d’un vaste réseau de pratiques spectaculaires et de stratégies éducatives, politiques et informatives hétérogènes ».1Cette thèse revient en premier lieu sur les participants et les engagements de cette coopération entre la mafia et le cinéma. Avant de retracer les principaux traits de ce mariage ciné-mafia-politique, nous allons aborder les formes nouvelles qui apparaissent dans ce nouveau style de cinéma criminel très populaire et répandu dans la société russe. Pour cela faire, dans un premier temps, la recherche donnera certaines détaillées nécessaires pour illustrer les principaux acteurs et principaux événements de la véritable guerre sanglante des groupement criminelles pendant la Grande Révolution Criminelle Russe de 1988-1994. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analyserons les mécanismes de propagande, véhiculés par le cinéma du genre mafieux et criminel russe dont une partie appartient à l’héritage soviétique. Ces mécanismes de propagande, explicites ou masqués, mais surtout ayant un rôle de promotion pour la toute-puissance Russie, accompagnent cette brutalité d’un style de vie que les occidentaux étudient, afin de le comprendre, depuis des siècles. Un Etat « à part » ainsi que son cinéma, que l'on peut aimer ou détester, mais face auquel on ne peut rester indiffèrent !Ce travail de doctorat s'appuiera sur trois hypothèses :Hypothèse 1 : L'arrivée de la Mafia russe dans les circuits de financement du cinéma est aussi une médiation, une communication entre la vie de l'Organisation et le grand public. Elle s'exprime notamment par la mise en place de ce que nous pourrions appeler une « esthétique mafieuse ».Hypothèse 2 : Les attributs de cette esthétique mafieuse profitent des attributs de l'esthétique à laquelle elle succède : l’esthétique soviétique, le socialisme. La question de la conscientisation de ces transformations est une question cruciale.Hypothèse 3 : Cette esthétique mafieuse, cinématographique opère une communication publique et, donc, une évolution des représentations sociales des spectateurs. Nous allons faire l'évaluation de ces valeurs par le public
Today, although the Russian mafia and organized crime community is officially defeated, it continues to influence, transform the identity of his « faithful » viewers through by the way of cinema. It's necessary to understand the exchanges between the cinema said « criminal fiction » and its influence on the public reality. On the one hand the Russian mafia identity of cinema was built across the international market and international audiovisual film.The originality of Russian fictional crime genre, in particular, that it was in some cases produced, directed and performed by former criminals, who also faced historical changes, and were influenced by Hollywood mafia movies lived a period of transformation in « cinema professionals », as also the professionals in the field of other arts such as literature, publication, music, television. Such was the case of Vitaly Demochka 1, the former criminal, who became director, producer, actor and writer. The particularity of his case, that he directed and performed his own « life story » on the screen, as well the members of his former criminal team became the fictional heroes of his film « Spets ».In parallel, our work is focused on the study of “communicating objects”, such as a music, behavior, language, dress code, tattoos. Which have become representative as the 'weapon' of mafia propaganda, projected in the cinema and widely recycled in reality, and vice versa. It operates not only the mythification of public communication but therefore, the evolution of the social representations and even transformation of the spectators

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Дисертації з теми "Mafias"

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