Дисертації з теми "Macrozoobentho"
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Fallesen, Grethe. "The ecology of macrozoobenthos in Arhus Bay, Denmark." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21608.
Повний текст джерелаPessa, Giuseppe <1969>. "Aspetti metodologici dello studio del macrozoobenthos negli ambienti acquatici di transizione." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/680.
Повний текст джерелаSamiaji, Joko. "The ecology of a Zostera noltii bed ecosystem in the Solent." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368150.
Повний текст джерелаRoskosch, Andrea. "The influence of macrozoobenthos in lake sediments on hydrodynamic transport processes and biogeochemical impacts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16423.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to fill gaps of knowledge regarding bioirrigation in freshwater sediments. Chironomus plumosus was chosen for the investigations since the filter-feeding larva dwelling in U-shaped burrows is quite common and flushes its burrow with water from the overlying water body. To investigate bioirrigation activity in burrows of approximately 1.7 mm in diameter appropriate measurement techniques were developed. With the methods several parameters were measured for 4th stage of larvae: flow velocity (14.9 mm s-1), pumping time (33 min h-1), and pumping rate (61 ml h-1). Consequently, a water volume equivalent to the volume of Lake Müggelsee in Berlin is pumped through the sediment every 5 days by a population density of 745 larvae m-2. The nuclear medicine imaging technique Positron Emissions Tomography was adapted and used to analyze the transport in the sediment pore water. By means of the experiments, it could be shown that even in muddy lake sediments advection is a relevant transport process and should not be neglected. Rising temperatures result in increased pumping rates and increased influx rates of surface water into the sediment due to increased flow velocities in the burrows. Dropping oxygen concentrations prolong the pumping duration while the flow velocity decreases. Furthermore, experiments show a seasonal variability of bioirrigation which is independent of constant laboratory conditions. Pore water species such as SRP are transported with the water flow into the overlying water body, whereas SO42- and O2 are transported from the overlying water into the sediment. Due to the oxidation of Fe2+, phosphorus is fixed into the sediment, a result confirmed by P-fractionation. Microbiological investigations of the burrow walls demonstrated that the bioirrigation activity enhances the microbial abundance, changes the community structure, and increases the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Masikane, Ntuthuko Fortune. "Nearshore subtidal soft-bottom macrozoobenthic community structure in the western sector of Algoa Bay, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1466.
Повний текст джерелаVladmir, Vandenberg da Costa Carvalho Paulo. "O macrozoobentos na avaliação da qualidade ambiental de áreas estuarinas no litoral Norte de Pernambuco Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/974.
Повний текст джерелаA rápida expansão da carcinicultura em áreas costeiras tem sido associada a vários distúrbios ambientais. A principal preocupação reside na descarga de efluentes ricos em nutrientes e matéria orgânica para os estuários e seu impacto sobre a biota. Considerando a macrofauna bentônica como indicador de estresse ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o impacto do aporte de efluentes da carcinicultura no estuário do rio Botafogo (Itapissuma-PE). Foram estabelecidas 3 estações: a montante, próximo ao ponto de despejo de efluentes e a jusante, além de 3 estações-controle no rio Siri (Goiana-PE). O macrobentos foi coletado em fevereiro e junho/2003, no mediolitoral e infralitoral. Foram amostrados parâmetros indicadores de estado trófico da água e dos sedimentos, além de descritores físico-químicos e sedimentológicos. A macrofauna foi identificada e quantificada quanto à abundância, biomassa e produção relativa. A estrutura da comunidade foi estudada através de medidas univariadas (Diversidade, Equitatividade, Abundância, Riqueza), distribucionais (Curvas ABC e Distribuição dos Táxons pelas Abundâncias), multivariadas (Ordenação MDS/ANOSIM/BIOENV, Meta-Análise, Dispersão Relativa) e multimétricas (Índice Bêntico). Não foram identificadas diferenças importantes (p>0,05) entre os estuários quanto aos indicadores de impacto orgânico (clorofila-a, Ntotal, P-total, percentuais de matéria orgânica e silte-argila nos sedimentos). Entre os índices univariados, somente as elevadas riqueza e abundância do rio Botafogo o diferenciaram (p<0,05) das estações-controle. As Curvas ABC, a Distribuição dos Táxons pelas Abundâncias, o Índice Bêntico e a Meta-Análise detectaram perturbações em ambos os estuários, diferindo, entretanto quanto à intensidade ou à distribuição espaço-temporal dos diagnósticos. O MDS/ANOSIM mostrou diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre rios. O BIOENV discriminou a matéria orgânica, pigmentos fotossintéticos e o P-total nos sedimentos, e a temperatura e a amônia na água, como os fatores que melhor explicaram as associações bióticas do rio Botafogo. No rio Siri as variáveis associadas foram a clorofila-a do sedimento e o Eh da água. O rio Siri foi invalidado como ambiente controle por apresentar evidências de distúrbios, porém de origem incerta. Apesar de não ter sido constatada simplificação na estrutura da comunidade, o rio Botafogo apresentou alterações estruturais no macrobentos características da fase inicial de enriquecimento orgânico, provavelmente, em resposta ao aporte de efluentes da carcinicultura
Ditsche-Kuru, Petra [Verfasser]. "Influence of the surface roughness of hard substrates on the attachment of selected running water macrozoobenthos / Petra Ditsche-Kuru." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1016099800/34.
Повний текст джерелаSigovini, Marco <1980>. "Multiscale dynamics of zoobenthic communities and relationships with environmental factors in the Lagoon of Venice." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1092.
Повний текст джерелаLa tesi analizza la comunità macrozoobentonica della Laguna di Venezia. Sono stati principalmente indagati: la variabilità spaziale e interannuale della struttura della comunità; il ruolo dei fattori ambientali; le scale spaziali di variabilità della comunità, in relazione alla scala di variabilità dei fattori ambientali. Il data set analizzato è relativo a tre anni. E' stata verificata un'elevata variabilità interannuale ed eterogeneità spaziale. Descrittori di struttura multivariata e univariate sono risultati notevolmente correlati ai fattori ambientali. E' stato evidenziato un gradiente da mare verso terra in merito al numero di specie e alla composizione della comunità, in relazione ad un ecocline composito, e principalmente a ricambio idrico e salinità. Sono emersi pattern spaziali più complessi. Descrittori univariati e strutture multivariate seguono diverse scale di variabilità. I risultati hanno implicazioni per la valutazione della qualità degli ecosistemi di transizione.
Beuter, Liesa-Kristin [Verfasser]. "Risk assessment of plant protection products in stream mesocosms with special consideration of aquatic biofilm communities and macrozoobenthos / Liesa-Kristin Beuter." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230476393/34.
Повний текст джерелаAFGHAN, DANIAL. "Comparative study of macrozoobenthic communities from different sandy beaches of Adriatic Sea with different levels of human impact." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/299877.
Повний текст джерелаSandy beaches are one of the most important spots that is not only sustaining biodiversity by providing habitat and food but also supporting human livelihood by providing socioeconomic opportunities. The increasing pressure on sandy beaches is leading to degradation of coastal ecosystem. To understand these threats and their impacts on the intertidal macrobenthic communities, this project was designed. Initially, data regarding certain human impacts was collected globally in the form of a systematic review to highlight the gaps. The data regarding impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on Adriatic Sea was found to be very limited. The activities of the project were conducted in three phases where 2 beaches were studied for one year on monthly basis in the first phase. In the second phase, 4 beaches were studies on seasonal basis (three times). In the third phase, 5 beaches were studied only around the summer season to evaluate the impact of the summer tourism. In the later 2 phases of the project, the COVID-19 related lockdowns were taken into account as well since the use of the beaches was limited. Overall significant differences were found among the macrofauna belonging to different taxa. The differences are possibly related to the difference in the type of impacts at different sites. Overall, at most of the sites bivalves mainly belonging to Lentidium mediterraneum was found to be the most dominant taxa at impacted sites. At sites with less disturbances, Donax sp. was found more commonly hinting about its sensitivity towards human disturbances. The gastropod specifically Tritia neritea was found to be one of the resistant organisms towards disturbances since they were peaking in abundance at the most touristic period. Furthermore, the crustaceans such as amphipod were found more at less impacted sites and/or less impacted seasons/periods, highlighting their potential as an indicator of disturbances in sandy beach ecosystems. Although, in natural environment, it could become more complex to segregate one type of impacts on a certain taxon from another, yet our detailed results can indicate some information regarding the sensitivity of a particular taxa towards a particular impact.
Dubois, Anne-Sophie. "Composition et transfert trophique de la matière organique particulaire dans le Bassin d’Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14515/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract
COSTA, Clarissa Moreira Coelho. "Distribuição Espacial e Temporal do Macrozoobentos de Habitats Entremarés do Canal da Raposa, Baía de São Marcos, Maranhão, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1868.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T12:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaCosta.pdf: 1231835 bytes, checksum: 3655b948694a345a3265c60479119d68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22
CAPES
Macrozoobenthos of different grain size intertidal habitats were sampled during wet and dry seasons on Raposa Channel, Maranhão State, Brazil. The sampling was made with a PVC corer. The benthic organisms was sieved using 1 and 0,5 mm sieves and identified under a stereoscopic microscope. There were a few dominant species despite of many rare ones. Paraonis agilis, Notomastus aberans, Capitella capitata and Odontosyllis heterofalchaeta had high densities on Raposa Channel habitats. The macrozoobenthos had higher densities during wet season, specially the deposit and suspension feeders. The deposit feeders were dominant at higher silt/clay content habitats, while the suspension feeders dominated higher sand content ones. These habitats were the most diverse. Ceratia rustica, Vitrinella filifera, Paraonis agilis, Scaphopoda indet. and Caecum sp had high contribution on dissimilarity between habitats, most expressive during dry season. Sediment humidity, organic mater content, sand, silt and clay percentages and grain selection showed that habitats were significantly differents.
Macrozoobentos de habitats entremarés de diferentes classificações granulométricas foram amostrados nos períodos chuvoso e de estiagem no Canal da Raposa, Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. A amostragem utilizou um cilindro de PVC e os organismos bentônicos foram submetidos à triagem em peneiras geológicas (1 e 0,5 mm de malha) e sob microscópio estereoscópico. Foram representados por poucas espécies amplamente dominantes a despeito de numerosas espécies raras. Paraonis agilis, Notomastus aberans, Capitella capitata e Odontosyllis heterofalchaeta foram as espécies de Polychaeta mais abundantes nos habitats estudados no Canal da Raposa. O macrozoobentos atingiu maiores densidades no período chuvoso, especialmente detritívoros e filtradores. Os detritívoros foram dominantes nos habitats com maiores porcentagens de silte e argila, enquanto filtradores foram dominantes nos habitats com maiores porcentagens de areia, nos quais houve maior diversidade. Ceratia rustica, Vitrinella filifera, Paraonis agilis, Scaphopoda indet. e Caecum sp foram as espécies que mais contribuíram para a dissimilaridade entre os habitats estudados, que foi maior no período de estiagem. Umidade, teor de matéria orgânica, porcentagens de areia, silte e argila e desvio padrão dos grãos mostraram diferenças significativas entre os habitats estudados no Canal da Raposa.
Atzori, Clarissa. "Influence of port breakwaters on surrounding polychaete fauna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаRoskosch, Andrea [Verfasser], Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Nützmann, Dagmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase, and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Hass. "The influence of macrozoobenthos in lake sediments on hydrodynamic transport processes and biogeochemical impacts / Andrea Roskosch. Gutachter: Gunnar Nützmann ; Dagmar Haase ; Volker Hass." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018232508/34.
Повний текст джерелаRolemberg, Karine Fernandes. "Macrozoobentos em viveiros de engorda de camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei (boone, 1931) (crustacea, decapoda, penaidae) no estuário dorio Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11421.
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The aim of this study was to characterize the benthic macrofauna of the cultivation farm of shrimps from the species Litopenaeus vannamei before the settlement and fishing, as well as to observe the effect of the shrimp predation on the macrofauna through an exclusion experiment. In order to characterize the macrofauna, samples from the supplying, middle and draining areas had been collected from the shrimp farms with five different duplicates for each area in the two moments of the cultivation. To evaluate the predation effect, gathering from the inside and outside of twenty-seven cages in a shrimp farm during the cultivation cycle had been carried through. The gathering of the organisms from the bottom of the shrimp farms as well as from the interior of the cages had been carried through with a PVC 15cm of diameter. The cages had an area of 25cm ² and 12cm of height and mesh of 3mm of opening, being covered with a screen of 0,1mm during the first days of experiment in order to block the insertion of any predator. The polychaeta presented the highest medium density, being the species Capitella sp. the most abundant. The organisms had had greater densities in the gathering that occured before the settlement, moment when it did not have shrimps in the interior of the farms. The area with the highest medium density in the shrimp farms was the supplying. In the exclusion experiment, it was observed that the medium densities in the interior of the cages had been higher than in the areas outside the cages that were subjected to the predation of shrimp. This fact proves the importance of the Benthic macrofauna in the diet of these crustaceans, since the shrimp uses it as a natural food source. It was also possible to realize that the Benthic macrofauna suffered some alterations in its community in the presence and absence of the shrimps, because some species had started to dominate the environment whereas others were extinguished. Beyond the predatory pressure of the shrimps, this fact can have been also caused for the existence of biological interactions between the species of the macrofauna that can have occurred inside and outside of the cages, prevailing the Capitella sp., that seems to have been the most successful under the conditions of the experiment.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna bentônica de viveiros de cultivo de camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei antes do povoamento e antes da despesca, como também observar o efeito da predação dos camarões sobre a macrofauna através de um experimento de exclusão. Para a caracterização da macrofauna, foram coletadas amostras em áreas de abastecimento, meio e drenagem dos viveiros com cinco réplicas para cada área noS dois momentos do cultivo. Para avaliar o efeito da predação, foram realizadas coletas dentro e fora de vinte e sete gaiolas em um viveiro de camarão durante o ciclo de cultivo . As coletas dos organismos no fundo dos viveiros e no interior das gaiolas foram realizadas com um coletor de PVC de 15cm de diâmetro. As gaiolas de exclusão tinham uma área de 25cm² e 12cm de altura e malha de 3mm de abertura, sendo cobertas com uma tela de 0,1mm nos primeiros dias de experimento. Os poliquetas apresentaram a maior densidade média, sendo a espécie Capitella sp. a mais abundante. Os organismos tiveram maiores densidades na coleta antes do povoamento. A área de maior densidade média nos viveiros foi o abastecimento. No experimento de exclusão, foi observado que as densidades médias no interior das gaiolas foram mais elevadas do que nas áreas fora das gaiolas. Este fato comprova a importância da macrofauna bentônica na dieta destes crustáceos, já que o camarão a utiliza como fonte de alimento natural. Foi possível perceber também que a macrofauna bentônica sofreu algumas alterações na estrutura das comunidades na presença e ausência dos camarões, dado que algumas espécies passaram a dominar o ambiente enquanto outras desapareceram. Além da pressão predatória dos camarões, este fato pode ter sido causado também pela existência de interações biológicas entre as espécies da macrofauna que podem ter ocorrido dentro e fora das gaiolas, prevalecendo a Capitella sp., que parece ter sido a mais bem sucedida sob as condições do experimento.
Jaklin, Sandra [Verfasser], and Wolf E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Arntz. "Recruitment dynamics of North Sea macrozoobenthos in intertidal soft bottoms: larval availability, settlement and dispersal / Sandra Jaklin. Gutachter: Wolf E. Arntz. Betreuer: Wolf E. Arntz." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1072563657/34.
Повний текст джерелаGaruti, Andrea. "Spatio-temporal diversity of Megistozoobenthos in the Antalya Gulf and relationships with environmental features." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9626/.
Повний текст джерелаSchroeder, Alexander. "Community dynamics and development of soft bottom macrozoobenthos in the German Bight (North Sea) 1969 - 2000 = Dynamik und Entwicklung makrozoobenthischer Weichbodengemeinschaften in der Deutschen Bucht (Nordsee) 1969 - 2000 /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/477233201.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJasiūnas, Dovydas. "Makrozoobentoso įvairovė ir vandens kokybės įvertinimas pagal jį Mūšos upėje, Pasvalio rajone." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_111002-35198.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the Bachelor’s thesis is to identify individual groups of macrozoobenthos in the selected spots of the Mūša River and to assess the river water quality on the given basis. The objectives are as follows: a motivated selection of the existing methods of research or creation of new ones following a detailed analysis of the literature; macrozoobenthos collection in the selected spots of the river and the description of organisms collected and determining the quality of water in different locations by the results; comparison of the biological results with the findings from previous water quality studies. The subject of the thesis is the Mūša River flowing into and out of Pasvalys district. Macrozoobenthos organisms were collect 21 to 22 August 2013. The research methods were based on the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI) by Friberg laid down in the document LAND 57-2003 and BMWP scoring method. Macrozoobenthos organisms were collected using the method of the elective principle. The findings show that at the inflow to Pasvalys District, the water quality in the Mūša River can be classified as the average water quality in terms of macrozoobenthos by DSFI (as good water quality by BMWP), as the study found the prevalence of class III fauna (Class II fauna by BMWP). At the outflow from Pasvalys District, the water quality in the Mūša River can be classified as the poor water quality in terms of macrozoobenthos by DSFI (as average water quality by BMWP), as the study found... [to full text]
PLUCHINOTTA, Angela. "Struttura della comunità macrobentonica in torrenti alpini: una "naturale" risposta ecologica al riscaldamento climatico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389457.
Повний текст джерелаATZORI, GIULIA. "La comunità macrozoobentonica come strumento per la valutazione dello stato di qualità ecologico in ambienti di transizione: il caso della laguna di Santa Gilla." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266567.
Повний текст джерелаVanhuysse, Charles. "Impacts de l'ostréiculture à mésoéchelle sur le microphytobenthos et ses performances photosynthétiques, la macrofaune benthique et rôle de l'érosion estuarienne dans les mortalités de naissains d'huitres Crassostrea gigas liées à OsHV-1 μ Var Drivers of epipelic mictophytobenthic photobiology and groth in oyster farm Benthic macrofaunal changes in oyster parks during an OsHV-1 µVar oyster spat mortality outbreak Environmental dynamics of the Ostreid herpes virus (OsHV-1 µVar) in oyster spats and microphytobenthic biofilms during an in situ mortality outbreak In situ resuspension of benthic sediments and biofilm components during an OsHV-1 µVar Crassostrea gigas oyster spat mortality episode". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC262.
Повний текст джерелаSince 2008, the mortality of Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas has mainly been linked to the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μvariant (OsHV-1 μVar). Environmental parameters favoring the persistence and spread of the virus could affect its propagation dynamics. The objectives of this thesis were to study in situ the interactions between oyster spat and their benthic environment during an episode of mortality. The photobiology of the microphytobenthos beneath the tables seemed to be in a better state compared to that observed in aisles that could promote viral resilience. The oyster tables attenuated light, temperature and desiccation, thus avoiding thermo and photoinhibition of the microphytobenthos. The benthic habitat environmental quality indices based on the macrozoobenthic community showed a degradation of the environment following the influx of organic matter induced by oyster spat mortalities and strandings of the macroalgae. A significant amount of OsHV-1 was found on the surface of the biofilm before the mortalities. Resuspension was preferentially associated with microphytobenthic particles with small currents
Fersi, Abir. "Les communautés macrozoobenthiques des chenaux de marée du golfe de Gabès." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC246.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is based on the qualitative and quantitative, spatial and temporal description of the macrozoobenthic communities of the tidal channels of the Gulf of Gabes. Benthos was analyzed over 26 stations and during four seasons from March 2016 to January 2017. Results show the identification of a total of 23 506 individuals representing 311 species of benthic macrofauna. These species are divided into four main zoological groups. Polychetes dominate the assemblage with about 127 species and a total number of 12 077 individuals.This inedit assemblage of invertebrates represents an exceptional and unique record in Tunisia and in the world marine science: we added five new species of amphipods, a new species of molluscs, five Tanaidaceae including a new species Apseudopsis gabesi Esquete 2019 and seven new species of polychaetes. Species diversity and abundance are higher in winter than in other seasons over all tidal channels. Fauna assemblage is dominated by a small number of species characteristic of the areas of accumulation of detritus material and herbaceous zones. The structure of the benthos is related to the location of tidal channels in the Gulf of Gabes. Abundances are low in the Kerkennah Channel compared to other channels, including the Maltine Channel, with a high accumulation of organic matter during winter. There are also low abundances in high energy hydrodynamic zones with gravel sediments; conversely, the presence of macrophytes increases the diversity of macrozoobenthos. The highest values for total organic matter are found in muddy sediments. The type of sediment varies from one channel to another depending on the location and characteristics of each one and the type of sediments. Overall studied stations are not contaminated except those of the CML1 station which have Pb contamination. . Most of sediments are sandy that is not favorable to the fixing of pollutants (fixed rather on the clay minerals, the organic matter, the oxides, the sulphides which belong rather to the fine fractions and which one found in the mudflates). Each channel presents an original faunistic assemblage dominated by polychaetes, amphipods, tanaidaceans or molluscs
Vanden, Bossche Jean-Pierre. "Typologie et qualité biologique du réseau hydrographique de Wallonie basées sur les assemblages des macroinvertébrés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210955.
Повний текст джерелаTypologie des cours d’eau en Wallonie et caractérisation par la faune invertébrée
Vingt-cinq types de cours d’eau ont été définis en Wallonie d’après les termes de la Directive Cadre pour l’Eau en tenant compte des facteurs obligatoires et optionnels rassemblés sous trois critères :la taille (du « ruisseau » à la « très grande rivière »), la pente (faible, moyenne et forte), et cinq régions naturelles (la région limoneuse, le Condroz, la Famenne, l’Ardenne et la Lorraine belge, résumant les facteurs obligatoires altitude, latitude, longitude et géologie). Une approche par analyses multivariées appliquées à un grand nombre d’échantillons (listes taxonomiques) a permis de définir de façon plus précise certains types de rivières et de distinguer sept groupes typologiques montrant des assemblages faunistiques similaires.
Conditions de référence types et définition de l’état écologique des rivières en Wallonie à l’aide de métriques biocénotiques basées sur les invertébrés
Les listes faunistiques et les valeurs métriques de l’IBGN (Indice biologique global normalisé) issues du réseau d’évaluation de la qualité biologique en Wallonie ont été utilisées pour discriminer les types de rivières et pour définir les sites de référence, les conditions de référence et les limites des classes des états écologiques. Au sud du sillon Sambre et Meuse, impliquant quatre groupes typologiques de rivières, les valeurs de référence et la définition des états écologiques ont été basées et calculées sur un réseau de référence de sites de très bon état. Les « valeurs de conditions de référence » ont été définies par les médianes des métriques des sites de « très bon état ». Lorsque aucun site de très bon état n’était disponible, c’est-à-dire pour les groupes typologiques au nord du sillon Sambre et Meuse et pour la Meuse et la Sambre, les conditions de référence (ou le « potentiel écologique maximal ») et les limites de classes ont été basées sur des coefficients appliqués aux sites de « bon état » et sur jugement d’expert.
Exercice pilote d’inter-étalonnage
Cinquante échantillons ont été sélectionnés parmi les rivières du type d’inter-étalonnage européen R-C3 (petite taille, altitude moyenne, substrat siliceux) en Wallonie (correspondant aux « ruisseaux ardennais ») dans toute la gamme de qualités écologiques, du « très bon » au « mauvais » état. Chaque métrique de l’indice « Intercalibration Common Metrics » (ICM) a été comparée (par régression linéaire et polynomiale) aux valeurs de l’IBGN. La plus forte corrélation a été établie avec l’indice synthétique de l’ICM dont le R² très élevé (0,95) permet un inter-étalonnage précis et fiable. A un EQR (Equivalent Quality Ratio) de l’IBGN = 1 correspond un indice ICM très proche (= 1,004). En conséquence, la métrique « cote de l’IBGN » est proposée comme métrique pour l’évaluation de l’état écologique de la faune invertébrée en Wallonie.
Espèces exotiques et invasives
L’ouverture récente du canal à grand gabarit Main – Danube en 1992 et la navigation qui en résulte a permis à plusieurs espèces de macroinvertébrés ponto-caspiennes d’envahir successivement les bassins du Rhin et de la Meuse. De 1998 à 2000, le réseau de mesure a enregistré quatre nouvelles espèces exotiques dans la Meuse en Belgique :une polychète (Hypania invalida) et trois crustacés (Hemimysis anomala, Dikerogammarus villosus, D. haemobaphes). Peu avant, en 1995, le bivalve asiatique Corbicula fluminea et l’amphipode nord-américain Crangonyx pseudogracilis ont également été enregistrés pour la première fois. La dynamique des invasions a été étudiée et discutée.
L’état biologique actuel (2000-2002) des masses d’eaux de surface en Wallonie et l’évolution des états biologiques sur une décennie (1990-2002) figurent dans l’étude et sont discutés. Une amélioration globale de la qualité de 6 % est enregistrée pour cette période. L’amélioration de la qualité se manifeste principalement pour les états « mauvais » et « médiocre » s’élevant à l’état « moyen ».
Abstract
River typology in Wallonia and invertebrate fauna characterization
Twenty-five river-types in Wallonia were defined according to the Water Framework Directive taking into account obligatory and optional factors gathered in three criteria: the size (from “brook” to “very large river”), the slope (gentle, medium and strong) and five natural regions (Loess, Condroz, Famenne, Arden and Jurassic summarising the obligatory altitude, latitude, longitude and geology factors). A multivariate approach applied to a large amount of samples (i.e. taxa lists) led to give a more accurate definition of some river-types and to discriminate seven river-type groups exhibiting similar faunal assemblages.
Type-specific reference conditions and ecological status definition of rivers in Wallonia using invertebrate biocenotic metrics
Faunal lists and IBGN (i.e. "Standardized Global Biological Index IBGN") metric values, evolving from the biological quality assessment network in Wallonia, were used to discriminate the river types and to define the reference sites, the reference conditions and the status class limits. South of the axis made by the Sambre & Meuse Rivers, involving four river-type groups, reference values and ecological status definition were based and calculated on a reference network of sites of high status. The "reference condition values” were defined as the median values of the metrics in all “high status” sites. Where no site of high status was available, i.e. in the others river-type groups north of the same axis and in the Rivers Sambre and Meuse themselves, reference conditions (or maximum ecological potential) and class limits were based on coefficients applied to “good status” sites and on expert judgement.
Intercalibration pilot exercise
Fifty samples were selected from R-C3 rivers (i.e. small, mid-altitude, siliceous) in Wallonia (corresponding to the “Arden’s brooks”) showing the widest range of ecological quality from high to bad status. Each Intercalibration Common Metric (ICM) was compared (linear and polynomial regression) to IBGN scores. The highest correlation was found with the synthetic ICM index, whose high R² (0.95) allows accurate and reliable intercalibration. To IBGN EQR (i.e. Equivalent Quality Ratio) = 1 corresponds a very close ICM index value (= 1.004). Consequently, the metric IBGN score is being proposed to act as the metric for the assessment of the invertebrate fauna ecological status in Wallonia, Belgium.
Exotic and invasive species
The recent opening of the canal Danube – Main in 1992 and the subsequent navigation allowed several Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrate species to invade successively the Rhine and the River Meuse basins. From 1998 to 2000, the monitoring network recorded four new alien species in the River Meuse in Belgium: one Polychaeta (Hypania invalida) and three Crustacea (Hemimysis anomala, Dikerogammarus villosus, D. haemobaphes). Earlier, in 1995, the Asian Bivalvia Corbicula fluminea and the North American Amphipod Crangonyx pseudogracilis were also recorded for the first time. The invasions’ dynamics were studied and discussed.
Present biological status (2000-2002) of surface water-bodies in Wallonia and biological status evolution over a one-decade period (1990-2002) is included and discussed in the study. A global quality improvement of 6 % is recorded for the period. Quality improvement concerns mainly the “bad” and “poor” status raising up to “moderate” status.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Повний текст джерелаCosta, Antónia Juliana Pais. "The rocky shore macrozoobenthic communities of Buarcos bay." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/18838.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastal areas have historically played a crucial role in human life. A large proportion of the human population inhabits coastal areas, and human density is expected to increase in the coming years. Consequently, coastal ecosystems are particularly exposed to human pressures, and some of them are among the most disturbed ecosystems of the biosphere. In rocky shores, as well as in other coastal ecosystems, benthic communities show spatially heterogeneous distributions and experience seasonal variations due to both natural and anthropogenic stresses. The major goal of this study was to assess the existence of a disturbance gradient regarding the spatial distribution of the intertidal macrozoobenthic communities of hard substrata, across the horizontal axis of three rocky platforms, and zones within and across platforms, in Buarcos bay during spring 2009. For this purpose, physcochemical parameters and macroalgae taxa were utilized in the assessment to confirm sampling was performed inside a disturbance gradient, and to compare with results obtained for the macrofauna. The behaviour of ecological indices calculated from macroinvertebrate data were compared with results obtained with the ecological tool MarMAT – Marine Macroalgae Assessment Tool. During the survey, a total of 27930 macroinvertebrate individuals corresponding to 122 different taxa were found, belonging to Phyla Annelida (44), Arthropoda (41), Cnidaria (1), Echinodermata (2), Mollusca (31), Nematoda (1), Nemertea (1) and Sipuncula (1). The species Mytilus galloprovincialis (mean density of 14345.4 ind m-2) and Chthamalus montagui (mean density of 12870.4 ind m-2) were dominant in the assemblages, accounting for 39.94% and 35.83% of the total individuals, respectively, while the remaining taxa represented individually less than 6%. The various statistical and ordination tools allowed the verification of a disturbance gradient from St A, the most proximate platform from the point source pollution, to St C, the furthermost platform. The gradient was also found from zone a (upper shore) to zone c (lower shore) within the two immediate platforms, and across platforms. Furthermore, St C and zone c, the outermost sampling areas, were found to show the highest similarities (43.14% and 48.47%, respectively) with Mytilus galloprovincialis contributing mostly to these similarities. The ecological indicators captured the differences in the communities between platforms and zones, and confirmed that disturbance gradient. The indices results were in compliance to the results obtained with the MarMAT, which according to the EQRs indicated the St A was the platform with worse ecological condition, whereas St C was the platform showing the best ecological condition. This survey contributed for a better knowledge on the rocky shore intertidal communities, aiming at improving decisions with regard to further management routines.
As áreas costeiras têm desempenhado historicamente um papel crucial na vida humana. Uma grande proporção da população humana habita em áreas costeiras, e espera-se que a sua densidade aumente nos próximos anos. Consequentemente, os ecossistemas costeiros estão particularmente expostos a pressões humanas, e alguns deles estão entre os mais perturbados ecossistemas da biosfera. Nas costas rochosas, e também em outros ecossistemas costeiros, as comunidades bentónicas apresentam distribuições espaciais heterogéneas e experienciam variações sazonais devidas a pressões naturais e antropogénicas. O principal objectivo deste estudo foi a avaliação da existência de um gradiente de perturbação tendo em conta a distribuição especial de comunidades macrozoobentónicas intertidais de substrato rochoso, ao longo de um eixo horizontal de três plataformas, e de zonas dentro e ao longo das plataformas, na praia de Buarcos durante a Primavera de 2009. Para tal, parâmetros físico-químicos e taxa de macroalgas foram utilizados na avaliação para confirmar que a amostragem seguiu um gradiente de perturbação, e comparar com os resultados obtidos para a macrofauna. O comportamento de índices ecológicos calculados com os dados dos macroinvertebrados foi comparado com os resultados obtidos com a ferramenta ecológica MarMAT – Marine Macroalgae Assessment Tool. Durante o estudo, um total de 27930 indivíduos de macroinvertebrados foram encontrados correspondendo a 122 taxa diferentes, pertencendo aos Phyla Annelida (44), Arthropoda (41), Cnidaria (1), Echinodermata (2) e Mollusca (31), Nematoda (1), Nemertea (1) e Sipuncula (1). As espécies Mytilus galloprovincialis (densidade média de 14345.4 ind m-2) e Chthamalus montagui (densidade média de 12870.4 ind m-2) foram dominantes nas comunidades, representando 39.94% e 35.83% do total de indivíduos, respectivamente, enquanto os restantes taxa representaram individualmente menos de 6%. As várias ferramentas estatísticas e de ordenação permitiram a verificação de um gradiente de perturbação da St A, a plataforma mais próxima do foco pontual de poluição, para a St C, a plataforma mais distante. O gradiente foi também encontrado da zona a (upper shore) para a zona c (lower shore) dentro das duas plataformas mais imediatas, e entre plataformas. Ademais, a St C e a zona c, as duas áreas de amostragem mais afastadas do foco de poluição, foram as que apresentaram maior similaridade (43.14% e 48.47%, respectivamente) com Mytilus galloprovincialis a contribuir maioritariamente para essas similaridades. Os índices ecológicos capturaram as diferenças nas comunidades entre plataformas e entre zonas, e confirmaram a existência daquele gradiente. Os resultados dos índices estiveram de acordo com os resultados obtidos com a ferramenta MarMAT que, de acordo com os EQRs obtidos, indicou que a St A foi a plataforma com pior condição ecológica, enquanto a St C foi a plataforma com melhor condição ecológica. Este estudo contribuiu para um melhor conhecimento das comunidades macrozoobentónicas intertidais de costa rochosa, procurando esclarecer e fundamentar medidas de gestão a implementar em avaliações futuras.
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Повний текст джерела