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Статті в журналах з теми "Macromolecular materials"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Webber, Matthew J., Neha P. Kamat, Phillip B. Messersmith, and Sébastien Lecommandoux. "Bioinspired Macromolecular Materials." Biomacromolecules 22, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01614.

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2

Bazunova, Marina, Valentina Chernova, Roman Lazdin, Angela Shurshina, Anna Bazunova, Mariya Elinson, and Elena Kulish. "Cosolvents Impact on some Properties of the Solutions and the Films of Succinamide Chitosan." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.481.

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Анотація:

The article deals with the method of the medical purpose materials creation with the controlled physico-chemical and mechanical deformation properties on the basis of water-soluble derivative of amino polysaccharide chitosan – succinamide chitosan. The essence of the method is the macromolecules aggregation processes regulation in the initial solutions by the injection of organic cosolvents – acetone and ethanol. It has been stated that in a mixed solvent succinamide chitosan molecules are not in the form of the isolated macromolecular balls but as the macromolecules interacting (aggregated) systems. It has been proved that the presence of cosolvents decreases the polymer macromolecule links capability to interact with an enzyme and increases physico-mechanical characteristics of the film materials.

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3

Zimmermann, Markus, and Alan Wineman. "On the Elastic Behavior of Scission Materials." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 10, no. 1 (February 2005): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286504033008.

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Constitutive equations have recently been developed which account for changes in the mechanical response of an elastomer due to changes in its macromolecular structure. The changes consist of scission of macromolecular network junctions, recoiling of macromolecules and their subsequent cross linking to form new networks with new stress-free reference configurations. This work discusses changes caused by large deformations. For each deformation history, there is a range of deformations in which the microstructure is fixed, with no further scission or cross linking. The elastomer has a modified elastic behavior and a new stress-free reference configuration. The constitutive equation for this post-scission elastic range is developed. Two subclasses of this constitutive equation are defined: Mooney-Rivlin based and neo-Hookean based scission materials. The strain energy density function for each subclass is derived. It is shown how the new material symmetry is determined from the preceding deformation history and the scission and cross linking processes. The effect of scission on the stability behavior of a neo-Hookean based scission material is discussed and a cube under triaxial load is considered.

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4

Kato, Takashi, Takeshi Sakamoto, and Tatsuya Nishimura. "Macromolecular Templating for the Formation of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Structures." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 2 (February 2010): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.632.

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AbstractBiominerals such as the nacre of shells, spicules of sea urchins, teeth, and bones are inorganic-organic hybrids that have highly controlled hierarchical and complex structures. These structures are formed in mild conditions, and the processes are controlled by macromolecular templates of proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides. Materials scientists can obtain ideas from the structures, properties, and formation processes of biominerals for use in creating synthetic, biomimetic materials. This article highlights bioinspired synthetic approaches to the development of organic/CaCO3 hybrids using macromolecular templates. These hybrids have oriented, patterned, and 3D complex structures, as well as thin films with smooth surfaces. The structures are formed by templating synthetic and semisynthetic macromolecules. These materials have great potential for new functional materials.

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5

Chen, Biqiong, Suprakas Sinha Ray, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Engineering." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 307, no. 6 (June 2022): 2200242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200242.

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6

Reneker, D. H., W. L. Mattice, R. P. Quirk, and S. J. Kim. "Macromolecular smart materials and structures." Smart Materials and Structures 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/1/1/013.

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7

Binder, K. "Computer simulation of macromolecular materials." Colloid & Polymer Science 266, no. 10 (October 1988): 871–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01410842.

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8

Spiegel, Stefan. "Recent Developments in Macromolecular Materials." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 296, no. 1 (December 27, 2010): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201000439.

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9

Narupai, Benjaporn, and Alshakim Nelson. "100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Macromolecular Materials for Additive Manufacturing." ACS Macro Letters 9, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00200.

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10

Grube, Mandy, Gizem Cinar, Ulrich S. Schubert, and Ivo Nischang. "Incentives of Using the Hydrodynamic Invariant and Sedimentation Parameter for the Study of Naturally- and Synthetically-Based Macromolecules in Solution." Polymers 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020277.

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Анотація:

The interrelation of experimental rotational and translational hydrodynamic friction data as a basis for the study of macromolecules in solution represents a useful attempt for the verification of hydrodynamic information. Such interrelation originates from the basic development of colloid and macromolecular science and has proven to be a powerful tool for the study of naturally- and synthetically-based, i.e., artificial, macromolecules. In this tutorial review, we introduce this very basic concept with a brief historical background, the governing physical principles, and guidelines for anyone making use of it. This is because very often data to determine such an interrelation are available and it only takes a set of simple equations for it to be established. We exemplify this with data collected over recent years, focused primarily on water-based macromolecular systems and with relevance for pharmaceutical applications. We conclude with future incentives and opportunities for verifying an advanced design and tailored properties of natural/synthetic macromolecular materials in a dispersed or dissolved manner, i.e., in solution. Particular importance for the here outlined concept emanates from the situation that the classical scaling relationships of Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada, most frequently applied in macromolecular science, are fulfilled, once the hydrodynamic invariant and/or sedimentation parameter are established. However, the hydrodynamic invariant and sedimentation parameter concept do not require a series of molar masses for their establishment and can help in the verification of a sound estimation of molar mass values of macromolecules.

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11

Zhang, Hong Wen, Shi Long Zhou, Yang Zhang, Yan Jiang, and Qiang Yu. "Synthesis of Macromolecular Coupling Agent and its Effects on Polystyrene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.268.

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Different molecular weight of block coupling agents with well-defined structures have been synthesized successfully by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from styrene (St), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 3-methoxyacryloyl-propyltrimethoxyl silicon (KH-570) are as monomer. The structures and compositions of macromolecular coupling agents have been characterized by means of infrared spectrum (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrum (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). And their effects on the polystyrene/silica (PS/SiO2) composite materials have been studied. The results show that interface compatibility and mechanical properties of composite materials containing macromolecule coupling agents are improved significantly. The composite materials with block macromolecular coupling agents possess more excellent comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the impact strength increased by 110% when comparing with composite materials which are not modified by the coupling agents.

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12

Kılıçarslan, Boğaç, Ibrahim Bozyel, Dinçer Gökcen, and Cem Bayram. "Sustainable Macromolecular Materials in Flexible Electronics." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 307, no. 6 (June 2022): 2270027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.202270027.

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13

Wilson, Lee D., and Chen Xue. "Macromolecular sorbent materials for urea capture." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, no. 1 (July 11, 2012): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38247.

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14

Wang, Yang, Yan Dai, Qiang Luo, Xiaoli Wei, Xueyang Xiao, Haonan Li, Jiani Hu, Qiyong Gong, Jianlin Wu, and Kui Luo. "Tumor Environment-Responsive Degradable Branched Glycopolymer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent and Its Tumor-Targeted Imaging." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 1384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2759.

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Branched macromolecules have been used as carriers for imaging probes and drug delivery systems because of their tunable molecular structures, as well as their regular nanoscale structures and dimensions. We designed and synthesized two tumor environment-responsive branched and gadolinium (Gd)-based glycopolymer conjugates and investigated their potency as highly effective and safe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. These branched macromolecules were prepared by one-pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conjugating chemistry. A biodegradable GFLG oligopeptide was used to successfully link the branch-chains of the branched macromolecules, finally a conjugate of this branched macromolecule and DOTA-Gd (HB-pGAEMA-Gd) with a molecular weight (MW) of 124 kDa was produced. Meanwhile, to improve the ability of tumor-targeting, we conjugated a tumor-targeting cRGDyK cyclic peptide to the branched molecule to prepare a tumor-targeted branched macromoleculeDOTA-Gd conjugate (HB-pGAEMA-RGD-Gd) with a MW of 136 kDa. The prepared branched macromolecules had a nanoscale hydrodynamic particle size and could be degraded into lower MW fragments with the cathepsin B. The aqueous phase relaxation efficiency of HB-pGAEMA-RGD-Gd (12.3 mM–1s–1 and HB-pGAEMA-Gd (13.2 mM–1s–1 was four times higher than that of DTPA-Gd (2.9 mM–1s–1), a clinically used contrast agent. In comparison with DTPA-Gd, the branched macromolecular contrast agents significantly enhanced the MRI signal intensity at the tumor site in vivo, and the enhancement of MRI signal intensity was up to 6 times that of the DTPA-Gd owing to their high relaxation efficiencies and accumulation at the tumor site. In addition, in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies indicated that the degradable macromolecular contrast agents had no significant toxicity.

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15

Nam, Ki Hyun. "Serial X-ray Crystallography II." Crystals 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020222.

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Traditional macromolecular crystallography (MX) and recently spotlighted cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) techniques have contributed greatly to the development of macromolecule structures and the related fields [...]

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16

Choudhuri, Supratim. "Toxicological Implications of Biological Heterogeneity." International Journal of Toxicology 41, no. 2 (March 2022): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10915818211066492.

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From a micro to macro scale of biological organization, macromolecular diversity and biological heterogeneity are fundamental properties of biological systems. Heterogeneity may result from genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic characteristics (e.g., tissue microenvironment). Macromolecular diversity and biological heterogeneity are tolerated as long as the sustenance and propagation of life are not disrupted. They also provide the raw materials for microevolutionary changes that may help organisms adapt to new selection pressures arising from the environment. Sequence evolution, functional divergence, and positive selection of gene and promoter dosage play a major role in the evolution of life’s diversity including complex metabolic networks, which is ultimately reflected in changes in the allele frequency over time. Robustness in evolvable biological systems is conferred by functional redundancy that is often created by macromolecular diversity and biological heterogeneity. The ability to investigate biological macromolecules at an increasingly finer level has uncovered a wealth of information in this regard. Therefore, the dynamics of biological complexity should be taken into consideration in biomedical research.

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17

Yu, Yong Peng. "Development Strategy of Insulation Macromolecular Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.328.

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The status and progress of high pressure resistant insulation material at home and abroad were reviewed from aspects like high thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, environ-mental protection and modification of nano-particles. High thermal conductivity insulation materials can improve the efficiency of cooling system and decrease the energy loss of electric machines. Some famous foreign companies keep ahead in this field. Current domestic high temperature resistant solvent less insulating varnish can only be used in small and medium sized generators instead of high voltage generators. Therefore this kind of material should be improved in either resin rich or resin less insulation systems.

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18

Shea, J. J. "Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.1999.793835.

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19

Gyarmati, Benjámin, and Béla Pukánszky. "Natural polymers and bio-inspired macromolecular materials." European Polymer Journal 93 (August 2017): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.05.010.

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20

Nachtigall, Sônia Marlí Bohrz, Maximiliano Miotto, Elisângela Edila Schneider, Raquel Santos Mauler, and Maria Madalena Camargo Forte. "Macromolecular coupling agents for flame retardant materials." European Polymer Journal 42, no. 5 (May 2006): 990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.10.017.

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21

Karakhanov, Edward, Anton Maximov, Sergey Kardashev, Yulia Kardasheva, Anna Zolotukhina, Edward Rosenberg, and Jesse Allen. "Nanostructured Macromolecular Metal Containing Materials in Catalysis." Macromolecular Symposia 304, no. 1 (June 2011): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201150608.

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22

Huesmann, David. "Twenty Years of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 304, no. 2 (February 2019): 1800733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800733.

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23

Wöhrle, Dieter. "Macromolecular Metal Complexes: Materials for Various Applications." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 46 (November 25, 2005): 7500–7502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503544.

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24

Suter, Ulrich W. "Materials science — a challenge to macromolecular chemistry." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195, no. 1 (January 1994): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950104.

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25

Miralles-Comins, Sara, Marcileia Zanatta, and Victor Sans. "Advanced Formulations Based on Poly(ionic liquid) Materials for Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 5121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235121.

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Анотація:

Innovation in materials specially formulated for additive manufacturing is of great interest and can generate new opportunities for designing cost-effective smart materials for next-generation devices and engineering applications. Nevertheless, advanced molecular and nanostructured systems are frequently not possible to integrate into 3D printable materials, thus limiting their technological transferability. In some cases, this challenge can be overcome using polymeric macromolecules of ionic nature, such as polymeric ionic liquids (PILs). Due to their tuneability, wide variety in molecular composition, and macromolecular architecture, they show a remarkable ability to stabilize molecular and nanostructured materials. The technology resulting from 3D-printable PIL-based formulations represents an untapped array of potential applications, including optoelectronic, antimicrobial, catalysis, photoactive, conductive, and redox applications.

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26

Holloway, Joshua O., Filip Van Lijsebetten, Nezha Badi, Hannes A. Houck, and Filip E. Du Prez. "From Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules to Macromolecular Pin Codes." Advanced Science 7, no. 8 (March 3, 2020): 1903698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903698.

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27

Shimoga, Ganesh, and Sang-Youn Kim. "High-k Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Technological Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124249.

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Understanding the properties of small molecules or monomers is decidedly important. The efforts of synthetic chemists and material engineers must be appreciated because of their knowledge of how utilize the properties of synthetic fragments in constructing long-chain macromolecules. Scientists active in this area of macromolecular science have shared their knowledge of catalysts, monomers and a variety of designed nanoparticles in synthetic techniques that create all sorts of nanocomposite polymer stuffs. Such materials are now an integral part of the contemporary world. Polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric constant (high-k) properties are widely applicable in the technological sectors including gate dielectrics, actuators, infrared detectors, tunable capacitors, electro optic devices, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and sensors. In this short colloquy, we provided an overview of a few remarkable high-k polymer nanocomposites of material science interest from recent decades.

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28

Yamada, Shunji, Eisuke Chikayama, and Jun Kikuchi. "Signal Deconvolution and Generative Topographic Mapping Regression for Solid-State NMR of Multi-Component Materials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031086.

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Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy provides information on native structures and the dynamics for predicting and designing the physical properties of multi-component solid materials. However, such an analysis is difficult because of the broad and overlapping spectra of these materials. Therefore, signal deconvolution and prediction are great challenges for their ssNMR analysis. We examined signal deconvolution methods using a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a non-negative tensor/matrix factorization (NTF, NMF), and methods for predicting NMR signals and physical properties using generative topographic mapping regression (GTMR). We demonstrated the applications for macromolecular samples involved in cellulose degradation, plastics, and microalgae such as Euglena gracilis. During cellulose degradation, 13C cross-polarization (CP)–magic angle spinning spectra were separated into signals of cellulose, proteins, and lipids by STFT and NTF. GTMR accurately predicted cellulose degradation for catabolic products such as acetate and CO2. Using these methods, the 1H anisotropic spectrum of poly-ε-caprolactone was separated into the signals of crystalline and amorphous solids. Forward prediction and inverse prediction of GTMR were used to compute STFT-processed NMR signals from the physical properties of polylactic acid. These signal deconvolution and prediction methods for ssNMR spectra of macromolecules can resolve the problem of overlapping spectra and support macromolecular characterization and material design.

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29

Jovanovic, Slobodan, and Dragoslav Stoiljkovic. "Novelties in macromolecular synthesis." Chemical Industry 58, no. 10 (2004): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0410431j.

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Анотація:

In 2003 more than 240 million tons of polymeric materials were produced in the world. The average growth of polymer production in the last five years was about 5 wt.% and it is expected that this trend will continue up to 2008. The results of macromolecular synthesis research for a long period of time have a significant contribution to the continuous economical success of the polymeric materials industry. The most significant results achieved in the last several years in various fields of macromolecular synthesis research are presented in this article.

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30

Nyberg, Tobias, Fengling Zhang, and Olle Inganäs. "Macromolecular nanoelectronics." Current Applied Physics 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-1739(01)00104-3.

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31

Choi, Kyu Yong. "Macromolecular Engineering." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 29, no. 2 (January 17, 2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200700825.

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32

Hata, Yuuki, Toshiki Sawada, and Takeshi Serizawa. "Macromolecular crowding for materials-directed controlled self-assembly." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 40 (2018): 6344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb02201a.

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33

Herland, Anna, and Myung‐Han Yoon. "Macromolecular Bioelectronics." Macromolecular Bioscience 20, no. 11 (November 2020): 2000329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202000329.

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34

Ordanini, Stefania, Wanda Celentano, Anna Bernardi та Francesco Cellesi. "Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (7 листопада 2019): 2192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.212.

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Анотація:

A class of linear and four-arm mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is presented here. The synthesis through ring-opening and atom transfer radical polymerizations provided high control over molecular weight and functionality. A post-polymerization azide–alkyne cycloaddition allowed for the formation of glycopolymers with different mannose valencies (1, 2, 4, and 8). In aqueous media, these macromolecules formed nanoparticles that were able to bind lectins, as investigated by concanavalin A binding assay. The results indicate that carbohydrate–lectin interactions can be tuned by the macromolecular architecture and functionality, hence the importance of these macromolecular properties in the design of targeted anti-pathogenic nanomaterials.

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35

Takata, Toshikazu. "Switchable Polymer Materials Controlled by Rotaxane Macromolecular Switches." ACS Central Science 6, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00002.

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36

De Tommasi, D., G. Puglisi, and G. Saccomandi. "Multiscale mechanics of macromolecular materials with unfolding domains." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 78 (May 2015): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.02.002.

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37

Gyarmati, Benjámin, and Béla Pukánszky. "Natural polymers, bio-inspired and smart macromolecular materials." European Polymer Journal 119 (October 2019): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.003.

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38

Spiegel, Stefan. "Another Great Year for Macromolecular Materials and Engineering!" Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 298, no. 1 (January 2013): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201200446.

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39

Krywko-Cendrowska, Agata, Dawid Szweda, and Roza Szweda. "Well-Defined Conjugated Macromolecules Based on Oligo(Arylene Ethynylene)s in Sensing." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050539.

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Анотація:

Macromolecules with well-defined structures in terms of molar mass and monomer sequence became interesting building blocks for modern materials. The precision of the macromolecular structure makes fine-tuning of the properties of resulting materials possible. Conjugated macromolecules exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties that make them exceptional candidates for sensor construction. The importance of chain length and monomer sequence is particularly important in conjugated systems. The oligomer length, monomer sequence, and structural modification often influence the energy bang gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the molecules that reflect in their properties. Moreover, the supramolecular aggregation that is often observed in oligo-conjugated systems is usually strongly affected by even minor structural changes that are used for sensor designs. This review discusses the examples of well-defined conjugated macromolecules based on oligo(arylene ethynylene) skeleton used for sensor applications. Here, exclusively examples of uniform macromolecules are summarized. The sensing mechanisms and importance of uniformity of structure are deliberated.

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40

Gu, Li, Ning Wang, Leora M. Nusblat, Rose Soskind, Charles M. Roth, and Kathryn E. Uhrich. "pH-responsive amphiphilic macromolecular carrier for doxorubicin delivery." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911516643219.

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In this work, pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules are designed to possess good biocompatibility and drug loading while employing an acid-sensitive linkage to trigger drug release at tumor tissues. Specifically, two pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules were synthesized with a hydrazone linkage between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. The chemical structure, molecular weight, critical micelle concentration, micelle size, and pH-triggered cleavage of the amphiphilic macromolecules were characterized via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Drug loading and release as well as cytotoxicity studies were performed using doxorubicin. Hydrodynamic diameters of the micelles formed with pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules were within an optimal range for cellular uptake. The critical micelle concentration values were 10–8–10–6 M, indicating micellar stability upon dilution. The degradation products of the amphiphilic macromolecules after acidic incubation were identified using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering methods. A pH-dependent release profile of the doxorubicin-encapsulated amphiphilic macromolecules was observed. Cytotoxicity studies against two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells, showed that doxorubicin encapsulated in pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules decreased cell viability more efficiently than free doxorubicin, possibly due to the toxicity of the amphiphilic macromolecule degradation products. Resulting from enhanced release at acidic pH due to hydrolysis of the hydrazone linkage, pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules also had improved efficacy toward cancer cells compared to other carriers (e.g. Pluronics®). These findings indicate that pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules can potentially be applied as anticancer drug delivery vehicles to achieve controlled release and improved therapeutic effects.

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41

Byrne, Hugh J. "Macromolecular physics in Lodz." Advanced Materials 1, no. 12 (1989): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19890011211.

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42

Nikolaeva, Olga I., Tamara S. Usacheva, Tatiana A. Ageeva, and Oscar I. Koifman. "PROPERTIES OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS OF COPOLYMERS OF GLYCIDYLMETHACRYLATE AND METHYLPHEOPHORBIDE «a» IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196207.5987.

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The study of the rheological properties of polymers, and also the establishment of quantitative dependencies, along with the problem of the relationship of molecular characteristics with the synthesis conditions, is an important scientific and practical task. The solution of this problem gives to predict the behavior of polymers, to develop and find the optimal modes and parameters of obtaining materials with predetermined properties. For a research of chemical interaction between macromolecules in solutions, the dilute solutions rheology of copolymers of glycidylmethacrylate and methylphaeophorbide “a” in dimethylformamide was studied. The study of dilute solutions of the corresponding copolymers was carried out by viscometric method in the temperature range of 20-35 ºC. Copolymers of glycidylmethacrylate and methylphaeophorbide “a” of different composition were obtained by radical copolymerization in solution. The synthesized copolymers are characterized by molecular-weight characteristics determined by gel-permeation chromatography. It is established that the solutions of the copolymers correspond to the systems with the lower critical temperature of dissolution. The belonging of the studied solutions to the systems with the lower critical dissolution temperature is confirmed by the dependence of the Huggins constant on the temperature. From the obtained results it follows that the ball of the macromolecule shrinks with increasing temperature. The influence of solution temperature, molecular weight and composition of copolymers on their interaction with the solvent, expressed quantitatively through the parameters of the characteristic viscosity, the Huggins constant, the mean-square distance between the ends of macromolecular chains, is shown. The mean-square distance between the ends of the chains of polymer in the solution was estimated by the equation of Flory-Fox. It is shown that for the studied copolymers the specific index decreases with increasing temperature. It was determined that the introduction of the porphyrin fragment into the structure of the polymer macromolecule retains the character of the interaction of the macromolecular tangle with the solvent.

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43

Otero, Toribio Fernández. "Electroactive macromolecular motors as model materials of ectotherm muscles." RSC Advances 11, no. 35 (2021): 21489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02573b.

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Macromolecular motors from model materials of ectotherm muscles work as electro-chemo-mechanical and thermo-mechanical transducers harvesting, above 35 °C, up to 60% of the reaction energy from the thermal environment saving chemical energy.

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44

Guaita, Marino, and Oscar Chiantore. "Average degrees of polymerization of macromolecules built up of macromolecular precursors." Macromolecules 24, no. 21 (October 1991): 5881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00021a026.

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45

Lutz, Jean-François, and Hans G. Börner. "Precision Macromolecular Chemistry." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 32, no. 2 (December 14, 2010): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201000728.

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46

SLUPKOWSKI, TADEUSZ, and ANDRZEJ KUCZKOWSKI. "Macromolecular organic metals." Polimery 31, no. 02 (February 1986): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1986.037.

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47

Koclega, Katarzyna D., Maksymilian Chruszcz, Matthew D. Zimmerman, Grzegorz Bujacz, and Wladek Minor. "“Hot” Macromolecular Crystals." Crystal Growth & Design 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg900971h.

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48

De Alwis Watuthanthrige, Nethmi, Progyateg Chakma, and Dominik Konkolewicz. "Designing Dynamic Materials from Dynamic Bonds to Macromolecular Architecture." Trends in Chemistry 3, no. 3 (March 2021): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2020.12.005.

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49

Stopler, Erika B., Obed J. Dodo, Alexander C. Hull, Kyle A. Weaver, Progyateg Chakma, Richard Edelmann, Logan Ranly, Mehdi B. Zanjani, Zhijiang Ye, and Dominik Konkolewicz. "Carbon nanotube enhanced dynamic polymeric materials through macromolecular engineering." Materials Advances 1, no. 5 (2020): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00143k.

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Diels–Alder based dynamic polymer materials are reinforced with carbon nanotubes, to give materials with self-healing properties from the dynamic matrix and with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties from the carbon nanotubes.

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50

Gandini, Alessandro, Carlos Pascoal Neto, and Armando J. D. Silvestre. "Suberin: A promising renewable resource for novel macromolecular materials." Progress in Polymer Science 31, no. 10 (October 2006): 878–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.07.004.

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