Статті в журналах: "Macrofluidie"

1

Gome, Gilad, Ofra Benny, Oded Shoseyov, and Jonathan Giron. "Design Principles for Laser-Printed Macrofluidics." Inventions 9, no. 4 (June 26, 2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040068.

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This paper presents a novel method for fabricating fluidic circuits using laser printing technology. The method allows for rapid prototyping of macrofluidic devices with control over fluid manipulation and environmental conditions. We employed a high-resolution laser cutter to etch fluidic channels into various substrates, optimizing parameters such as laser power, speed, and substrate material. Our results demonstrate excellent performance in controlling fluid flow and maintaining environmental conditions, handling a wide range of fluids and flow rates. The devices were tested in multiple settings such as with high school students and in research laboratories in universities. We tested the laser-printed macrofluidcs mechanically for durability. We present previous works in microbiology with plants, microbial, and mammalian cell lines showing reliable operation with minimal leakage and consistent fluid dynamics. The versatility and scalability of this approach make it a promising tool for advancing research and innovation in fluidics, providing a robust platform for growing, manipulating, and experimenting with diverse biological systems from cells to whole organisms. We conclude that laser-printed macrofluidics can significantly contribute to fields such as biomedical research, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and STEM education.

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2

Huang, A., J. Lew, Y. Xu, Y. C. Tai, and C. M. Ho. "Microsensors and Actuators for Macrofluidic Control." IEEE Sensors Journal 4, no. 4 (August 2004): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2004.830949.

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3

Foret, František, Vladimíra Datinská, Ivona Voráčová, Jakub Novotný, Pantea Gheibi, Jan Berka, and Yann Astier. "Macrofluidic Device for Preparative Concentration Based on Epitachophoresis." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 11 (May 6, 2019): 7047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05860.

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4

Brouzes, Eric, April Carniol, Tomasz Bakowski, and Helmut H. Strey. "Precise pooling and dispensing of microfluidic droplets towards micro- to macro-world interfacing." RSC Adv. 4, no. 73 (2014): 38542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07110g.

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We present the design of a microfluidic device that accurately and automatically pools and delivers a precise number of droplets. It will permit the interfacing of the microfluidic world to the macrofluidic world (e.g. microtiter plates) and will allow the seamless integration of droplet microfluidics into already developed robotic workflows.

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5

Gome, Gilad, Benyamin Chak, Shadi Tawil, Dafna Shpatz, Jonathan Giron, Ilan Brajzblat, Chen Weizman, Andrey Grishko, Sharon Schlesinger, and Oded Shoseyov. "Cultivation of Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Plant-Based Scaffolds in a Macrofluidic Single-Use Bioreactor for Cultured Meat." Foods 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2024): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13091361.

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Reducing production costs, known as scaling, is a significant obstacle in the advancement of cultivated meat. The cultivation process hinges on several key components, e.g., cells, media, scaffolds, and bioreactors. This study demonstrates an innovative approach, departing from traditional stainless steel or glass bioreactors, by integrating food-grade plant-based scaffolds and thermoplastic film bioreactors. While thermoplastic films are commonly used for constructing fluidic systems, conventional welding methods are cost-prohibitive and lack rapid prototyping capabilities, thus inflating research and development expenses. The developed laser welding technique facilitates contamination-free and leakproof sealing of polyethylene films, enabling the efficient fabrication of macrofluidic systems with various designs and dimensions. By incorporating food-grade plant-based scaffolds, such as rice seeded with bovine mesenchymal stem cells, into these bioreactors, this study demonstrates sterile cell proliferation on scaffolds within macrofluidic systems. This approach not only reduces bioreactor prototyping and construction costs but also addresses the need for scalable solutions in both research and industrial settings. Integrating single-use bioreactors with minimal shear forces and incorporating macro carriers such as puffed rice may further enhance biomass production in a scaled-out model. The use of food-grade plant-based scaffolds aligns with sustainable practices in tissue engineering and cultured-meat production, emphasizing its suitability for diverse applications.

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6

Dzulhelmy bin Amari, Mohamad, Muhamad Saifuddin b. Abdull Shukor, and Sukarnur Che Abdullah. "Optimization of Velocity Flap Structures in High Sensitivity Macrofluidic Airflow Sensor." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22428.

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Automated reaction from the system is most important in fulfilling the requirement of the intelligent control system. Hence, many related studies regarding in developing the hardware of the system such as high sensitivity of the airflow sensor in detecting the changes either in user or the environment. The effect of the fast detection of the sensor through the high sensitivity of the airflow sensor have enable the system to identify and analyze the behavior of the user in higher accuracy compared to conventional system. Within the scope of airflow sensitivity, separation between two parts in the airflow sensor in altering the velocity impact have been inquired in purpose, while a few investigations in relations to determine the pressure contour of the main parts have been explored by application of using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD. This simulation is performed in the ANSYS program software. Thus, this study consequently intends to be focus on detection the high sensitivity of the airflow movement by distinguishing the high and low velocity impact. The optimization the airflow sensor in this study based on design parameter also done in order to design and develop a highly sensitive airflow sensor

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7

Sauter, Claude, Kaouthar Dhouib, and Bernard Lorber. "From Macrofluidics to Microfluidics for the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules†." Crystal Growth & Design 7, no. 11 (November 2007): 2247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg700955f.

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8

Hilfiker, Rolf, Hans-Friedrich Eicke, Simon Geiger, and Gaudenz Furler. "Optical studies of critical phenomena in macrofluid-like three-component microemulsions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 105, no. 2 (June 1985): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(85)90311-x.

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9

Eicke, Hans-Friedrich, Rolf Hilfiker, and Harry Thomas. "Probing order phenomena in macrofluids by pulsed electro-optical Kerr effect measurements." Chemical Physics Letters 120, no. 3 (October 1985): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)87056-1.

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10

Giesler, Jasper, Laura Weirauch, Jorg Thöming, Georg R. Pesch, and Michael Baune. "Dielectrophoretic Particle Chromatography: From Batch Processing to Semi-Continuous High-Throughput Separation." Powders 3, no. 1 (February 6, 2024): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders3010005.

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The development of highly selective separation processes is a focus of current research. In 2016, the German Science Foundation funded a priority program SPP 2045 “MehrDimPart—highly specific multidimensional fractionation of fine particles with technical relevance” that aims to develop new or enhance existing approaches for the separation of nano- and micrometer-sized particles. Dielectrophoretic separators achieve highly selective separations of (bio-)particles in microfluidic devices or can handle large quantities when non-selective separation is sufficient. Recently, separator designs were developed that aim to combine a high throughput and high selectivity. Here, we summarize the development from a microfluidic fast chromatographic separation via frequency modulated dielectrophoretic particle chromatography (DPC) toward a macrofluidic high throughput separation. Further, we provide a starting point for future work by providing new experimental data demonstrating for the first time the trapping of 200 nm polystyrene particles in a dielectrophoretic high-throughput separator that uses printed circuit boards as alternatives for expensive electrode arrays.

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11

Jóhannesson, Haukur, and Bertil Halle. "Solvent diffusion in ordered macrofluids: A stochastic simulation study of the obstruction effect." Journal of Chemical Physics 104, no. 17 (May 1996): 6807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471347.

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12

Çakal, Gaye Ö., İnci Eroğlu, and Saim Özkar. "Simulation of continuous boric acid slurry reactors in series by microfluid and macrofluid models." Journal of Crystal Growth 306, no. 1 (August 2007): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.04.058.

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13

Hilfiker, Rolf, and Hans-Friedrich Eicke. "Self-consistency of the percolation model as applied to a macrofluid-like water-in-oil microemulsion." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 83, no. 5 (1987): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19878301621.

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14

Norfolk, Laura, Andrea Rawlings, Jonathan Bramble, Katy Ward, Noel Francis, Rachel Waller, Ashley Bailey, and Sarah Staniland. "Macrofluidic Coaxial Flow Platforms to Produce Tunable Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Study of the Effect of Reaction Conditions and Biomineralisation Protein Mms6." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121729.

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Magnetite nanoparticles’ applicability is growing extensively. However, simple, environmentally-friendly, tunable synthesis of monodispersed iron-oxide nanoparticles is challenging. Continuous flow microfluidic synthesis is promising; however, the microscale results in small yields and clogging. Here we present two simple macrofluidics devices (cast and machined) for precision magnetite nanoparticle synthesis utilizing formation at the interface by diffusion between two laminar flows, removing aforementioned issues. Ferric to total iron was varied between 0.2 (20:80 Fe3+:Fe2+) and 0.7 (70:30 Fe3+:Fe2+). X-ray diffraction shows magnetite in fractions from 0.2–0.6, with iron-oxide impurities in 0.7, 0.2 and 0.3 samples and magnetic susceptibility increases with increasing ferric content to 0.6, in agreement with each other and batch synthesis. Remarkably, size is tuned (between 20.5 nm to 6.5 nm) simply by increasing ferric ions ratio. Previous research shows biomineralisation protein Mms6 directs magnetite synthesis and controls size, but until now has not been attempted in flow. Here we report Mms6 increases magnetism, but no difference in particle size is seen, showing flow reduced the influence of Mms6. The study demonstrates a versatile yet simple platform for the synthesis of a vast range of tunable nanoparticles and ideal to study reaction intermediates and additive effects throughout synthesis.

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15

TIAN, FEI, WEIDONG SHI, and HUA JIANG. "INNER FLOW FIELD OF POOL MIXED BY THREE SUBMERSIBLE MIXERS." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 11, no. 02 (December 2012): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686712500072.

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To study the agitating effect of submersible mixers in a square sewage treatment pool, the three-dimensional modeling Pro/E software was adopted to establish the physical model. The large-scale computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT6.3 was used, and the large-scale software ICEM was selected to build an unstructured tetrahedron grid of the sewage treatment pool. Next, the sewage treatment pool was numerically simulated by RNG k-ε turbulent model and move coordinate system technology. The macrofluid field and the flow field distribution of each section were analyzed to observe the efficiency of each submersible mixer. The average velocity of the fluid and the stirring volume were studied simultaneously. Results show that, under the action of three mixers, fluid of the sewage pool forms a continuous circulating water flow. The fluid is mixed adequately. The average velocity of fluid in the pool is at around 0.3 m/s, and the fluid mixing area in the pool is more than 90%, which is in agreement with the working requirements. Consequently, it can provide a reference basis for the practical engineering application of submersible mixers by using this method.

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16

Vass, Sz, T. Gilányi, and S. Borbély. "SANS Study of the Structure of Sodium Alkyl Sulfate Micellar Solutions in Terms of the One-Component Macrofluid Model." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, no. 9 (March 2000): 2073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9934735.

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17

Geiger, Simon, and Hans-Friedrich Eicke. "The macrofluid concept versus the molecular mixture: A spin-echo-NMR study of the water/aerosol OT/Oil system." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 110, no. 1 (March 1986): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(86)90367-x.

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18

Weislogel, Mark M., J. Alex Baker, and Ryan M. Jenson. "Quasi-steady capillarity-driven flows in slender containers with interior edges." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 685 (September 23, 2011): 271–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.314.

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AbstractIn the absence of significant body forces the passive manipulation of fluid interfacial flows is naturally achieved by control of the specific geometry and wetting properties of the system. Numerous ‘microfluidic’ systems on Earth and ‘macrofluidic’ systems aboard spacecraft routinely exploit such methods and the term ‘capillary fluidics’ is used to describe both length-scale limits. In this work a collection of analytic solutions is offered for passive and weakly forced flows where a bulk capillary liquid is slowly drained or supplied by a faster capillary flow along at least one interior edge of the container. The solutions are enabled by an assumed known pressure (or known height) dynamical boundary condition. Following a series of assumptions this boundary condition can be in part determined a priori from the container dimensions and further quantitative experimental evidence, but not proof, is provided in support of its expanded use herein. In general, a small parameter arises in the scaling of the problems permitting a decoupling of the edge flow from the global bulk meniscus flow. The quasi-steady asymptotic system of equations that results may then be easily solved in closed form for a useful variety of geometries including uniform and tapered sections possessing at least one critically wetted interior edge. Draining, filling, bubble displacement and other imbibing flows are studied. Cursory terrestrial and drop tower experiments agree well with the solutions. The solutions are valued for the facility they provide in computing designs for selected capillary fluidics problems by way of passive transport rates and meniscus displacement. Because geometric permutations of any given design are myriad, such analytic tools are capable of efficiently identifying and comparing critical design criteria (i.e. shape and size) and the impact of various wetting conditions resulting from the fluid properties and surface conditions. Sample optimizations are performed to demonstrate the utility of the method.

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19

Lin, Baobao, Bao Li, Wu Zeng, Yulan Zhao, Huiping Li, Yin Gu, and Peng Liu. "Needle‐Plug/Piston‐Based Modular Mesoscopic Design Paradigm Coupled With Microfluidic Device for Point‐of‐Care Pooled Testing." Advanced Science, September 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202406076.

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AbstractEmerging diagnostic scenarios, such as population surveillance by pooled testing and on‐site rapid diagnosis, highlight the importance of advanced microfluidic systems for in vitro diagnostics. However, the widespread adoption of microfluidic technology faces challenges due to the lack of standardized design paradigms, posing difficulties in managing macro‐micro fluidic interfaces, reagent storage, and complex macrofluidic operations. This paper introduces a novel modular‐based mesoscopic design paradigm, featuring a core “needle‐plug/piston” structure with versatile variants for complex fluidic operations. These structures can be easily coupled with various microfluidic platforms to achieve truly self‐contained microsystems. Incorporated into a “3D extensible” design architecture, the mesoscopic design meets the demands of function integration, macrofluid manipulations, and flexible throughputs for point‐of‐care nucleic acid testing. Using this approach, an ultra‐sensitive nucleic acid detection system is developed with a limit of detection of ten copies of SARS‐CoV‐2 per mL. This system efficiently conducts large‐scale pooled testing from 50 pharyngeal swabs in a tube with an uncompromised sensitivity, enabling a truly “sample‐in‐answer‐out” microsystem with exceptional performance.

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20

Osawa, Takahiro, Wenchu Wang, Jinlu Dai, and Evan T. Keller. "Macrofluidic recirculating model of skeletal metastasis." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (October 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50577-3.

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Abstract While microfluidic systems model aspects of metastasis, they are limited to artificially created tissues of limited complexity. We set out to develop an in vitro model of tumor cell migration from a primary tumor to a distant site that allows use of tissue. Accordingly, we created a macrofluidic model using culture plate wells connected with type I collagen-coated large bore tubing and has recirculating media. Green fluorescent protein-positive prostate carcinoma cells in a hydrogel or excised tumor xenografts from mice were placed into primary tumor sites and either human bone stromal cells (HS-5) in a hydrogel or human-derived bone chips were seeded into metastatic sites. Cells from the primary sites migrated to and grew in metastatic sites. Bone enhanced growth at metastatic sites and established a CXCL12 gradient that was higher in metastatic versus primary sites. AMD3100-mediated inhibition of CXCL12 function reduced the number of cells targeting the bone at the metastatic sites. In summary, we have developed a macrofluidic metastasis model that allows incorporation of tumor and metastatic microenvironment tissues and models chemotaxis. This system allows for incorporation of tumor heterogeneity and inclusion of an intact microenvironment. These features will facilitate identification of mechanisms and therapeutics for bone metastasis.

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"Verification Test of High Flap Macrofluidic Air Flow Sensor in Wind Tunnel." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 5672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a3045.109119.

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This air sensor functioning to detect the speed of air surrounding while in motionor a sudden changes in its environment. The effect of fast detection of a security sensor through the high sensitivity of the airflow sensor has enabled the system to identify and analyze the critical condition in higher accuracy compared to the conventional of any security system. Previous studies have developed the macrofluidic air flow sensor that observed the air flow in higher accuracy while the sensor in motion will be verified by detection of high sensitivity in the relative velocity of the airflow sensor compared to a conventional sensor. An experimental investigation was conducted to verify macrofluidic air flow sensor in wind tunnel by control velocity of range (30 to 110 km/h). The result shows the characterization of the changes in voltage reading with respect to the airflow speed in the wind tunnel. Sensor 1 to 4 have been placed at 0 to 360 degree of orientation with respective of 90 degree space interval.

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22

Nguyen, Quynh M., Joanna Abouezzi, and Leif Ristroph. "Early turbulence and pulsatile flows enhance diodicity of Tesla’s macrofluidic valve." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (May 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23009-y.

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AbstractMicrofluidics has enabled a revolution in the manipulation of small volumes of fluids. Controlling flows at larger scales and faster rates, or macrofluidics, has broad applications but involves the unique complexities of inertial flow physics. We show how such effects are exploited in a device proposed by Nikola Tesla that acts as a diode or valve whose asymmetric internal geometry leads to direction-dependent fluidic resistance. Systematic tests for steady forcing conditions reveal that diodicity turns on abruptly at Reynolds number $${\rm{Re}}\approx 200$$ Re ≈ 200 and is accompanied by nonlinear pressure-flux scaling and flow instabilities, suggesting a laminar-to-turbulent transition that is triggered at unusually low $${\rm{Re}}$$ Re . To assess performance for unsteady forcing, we devise a circuit that functions as an AC-to-DC converter, rectifier, or pump in which diodes transform imposed oscillations into directed flow. Our results confirm Tesla’s conjecture that diodic performance is boosted for pulsatile flows. The connections between diodicity, early turbulence and pulsatility uncovered here can inform applications in fluidic mixing and pumping.

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23

Nijhuis, Job, Svenja Schmidt, Nam Nghiep Tran, and Volker Hessel. "Microfluidics and Macrofluidics in Space: ISS-Proven Fluidic Transport and Handling Concepts." Frontiers in Space Technologies 2 (January 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frspt.2021.779696.

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Fluid transport and handling in extraterrestrial conditions, i.e. microgravity, require significantly different system engineering than here on Earth. On Earth, a notable part of fluid processing units inherently relies on buoyancy to transport and handle fluids. In space, however, buoyancy effects are negligible due to the strong diminishment of gravity, resulting in the domination of surface tension forces. Surface tension forces are also dominating micro-scale processes in gravity, making microfluidics a promising technology for fluidic transport and handling in microgravity. Recently, three different microfluidics-suitable fluid behavior phenomena have been studied on the ISS that might further facilitate the manipulation of fluids in space: capillary-driven flow, thermocapillary Marangoni forces, and electrolytic gas evolution-driven flow. Furthermore, attention is drawn for strategies to eliminate unwanted bubbles from liquid bodies in space, as they can damage sensitive equipment: Mesh-screen capillarity and open wedge channels have been identified as promising approaches. Finally, the relevance of fluid handling in space is illustrated with everyday activities during space missions, such as drinking, plant watering, and gathering biometric data.

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Cui, Jingang, Wei Jiang, Jilei Su, Jiazhen Zhang, Yongliang Yu, and Yongsheng Ding. "Microfluidic-to-macrofluidic: A simple in vitro model of atherosclerosis induced by fluidic stimulation." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0155267.

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Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of the arteries due to the formation of fatty plaques, which is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. It is important to develop an in vitro model that can combine multiple-type cell co-culture, vessel wall-like structure, and fluid condition to simulate the processes of atherosclerosis. Herein, we used a simple microfluidic chip made of three polydimethylsiloxane layers to co-culture endothelial and smooth muscle cells in a flat rectangular microchannel. After being connected with a circulating culture medium driven by a peristaltic pump, the flat microchannel was deformed to a tunnel-like macrochannel. The fluid pressure and shear stress applied on the cells in the deformed macrochannel can be varied by adjusting the circulating flow rate and the thickness of the middle layer. Under three levels of the pressure (65, 131, and 196 mm Hg) or shear stress (0.99, 4.78, and 24 dyne/cm2) conditions, a series of atherosclerosis-related events, including endothelial cell junction, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, monocyte adhesion, and lipid accumulation, were investigated. The atherosclerosis-related results showed that the medium pressure or shear stress exhibited a relatively weak pro-atherosclerotic effect in a V-shaped trend. To demonstrate the potential in drug screen, the effects of three well-known anti-atherosclerotic drugs (atorvastatin, tetramethylpyrazine, and high-density lipoprotein) on the lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were evaluated under a strong pro-atherosclerotic fluid condition (65 mm Hg, 0.99 dyne/cm2). This in vitro model of atherosclerosis has shown great potential in drug screen application.

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Liu, Fangchen, Cyril Deroy, and Amy E. Herr. "Microfluidics for macrofluidics: addressing marine-ecosystem challenges in an era of climate change." Lab on a Chip, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4lc00468j.

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Microfluidic technologies harness ocean properties and monitor ecosystems, thus providing valuable insights to mitigate marine climate challenges and pointing towards areas that might benefit from said technologies.

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Kirtane, Ameya R., Christina Karavasili, Aniket Wahane, Dylan Freitas, Katelyn Booz, Dao Thi Hong Le, Tiffany Hua, et al. "Development of oil-based gels as versatile drug delivery systems for pediatric applications." Science Advances 8, no. 21 (May 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8478.

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Administering medicines to 0- to 5-year-old children in a resource-limited environment requires dosage forms that circumvent swallowing solids, avoid on-field reconstitution, and are thermostable, cheap, versatile, and taste masking. We present a strategy that stands to solve this multifaceted problem. As many drugs lack adequate water solubility, our formulations used oils, whose textures could be modified with gelling agents to form “oleogels.” In a clinical study, we showed that the oleogels can be formulated to be as fluid as thickened beverages and as stiff as yogurt puddings. In swine, oleogels could deliver four drugs ranging three orders of magnitude in their water solubilities and two orders of magnitude in their partition coefficients. Oleogels could be stabilized at 40°C for prolonged durations and used without redispersion. Last, we developed a macrofluidic system enabling fixed and metered dosing. We anticipate that this platform could be adopted for pediatric dosing, palliative care, and gastrointestinal disease applications.

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Cherubini, Marta, Scott Erickson, Prasanna Padmanaban, Per Haberkant, Frank Stein, Violeta Beltran-Sastre, and Kristina Haase. "Flow in fetoplacental-like microvessels in vitro enhances perfusion, barrier function, and matrix stability." Science Advances 9, no. 51 (December 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8540.

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Proper placental vascularization is vital for pregnancy outcomes, but assessing it with animal models and human explants has limitations. We introduce a 3D in vitro model of human placenta terminal villi including fetal mesenchyme and vascular endothelium. By coculturing HUVEC, placental fibroblasts, and pericytes in a macrofluidic chip with a flow reservoir, we generate fully perfusable fetal microvessels. Pressure-driven flow facilitates microvessel growth and remodeling, resulting in early formation of interconnected and lasting placental-like vascular networks. Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict shear forces, which increase microtissue stiffness, decrease diffusivity, and enhance barrier function as shear stress rises. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals enhanced protein expression with flow, including matrix stability regulators, proteins associated with actin dynamics, and cytoskeleton organization. Our model provides a powerful tool for deducing complex in vivo parameters, such as shear stress on developing vascularized placental tissue, and holds promise for unraveling gestational disorders related to the vasculature.

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Kern, Axelle Y., Yevgeniy Kreinin, Lise Charle, Mark Epshtein, Netanel Korin, and Pierre H. Mangin. "A macrofluidic model to investigate the intrinsic thrombogenicity of clinically used stents and develop less thrombogenic stents." Heliyon, February 2024, e26550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26550.

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Deng, Pengwei, Kangli Cui, Yang Shi, Yujuan Zhu, Yaqing Wang, Xiaoguang Shao, and Jianhua Qin. "Fluidic Flow Enhances the Differentiation of Placental Trophoblast-Like 3D Tissue from hiPSCs in a Perfused Macrofluidic Device." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (June 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.907104.

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The human placenta serves as a multifunctional organ to maintain the proper development of a fetus. However, our knowledge of the human placenta is limited due to the lack of appropriate experimental models. In this work, we created an in vitro placental trophoblast-like model via self-organization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in a perfused 3D culture macrofluidic device. This device allowed cell seeding, in situ trophoblast lineage differentiation, and formation of trophoblast-like tissues from hiPSCs in a biomimetic microenvironment. It incorporated extracellular matrix (ECM) and fluid flow in a single device. After trophoblast lineage differentiation, we were able to generate the 3D clusters with major cell types of the human placenta, including trophoblast progenitor cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), differentiated subtypes, syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) under long-term 3D culture (∼23 days). Moreover, the formed tissues exhibited enhanced expressions of CTB-, STB-, and EVT-related markers at the level of genes and proteins under a dynamic culture compared with static conditions. RNA-seq analysis revealed the higher expression of trophoblast-specific genes in 3D tissues, indicating the essential role of fluid flow to promote the trophoblast differentiation of hiPSCs. The established placental 3D model combined a bioengineering strategy with developmental principles, providing a promising platform for the study of placental biology in a biomimetic microenvironment in health and disease.

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Cho, Youngkyu, Kyuhwan Na, Yesl Jun, Jihee Won, Ji Hun Yang, and Seok Chung. "Three-Dimensional In Vitro Lymphangiogenesis Model in Tumor Microenvironment." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (October 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.697657.

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Lymphangiogenesis is a stage of new lymphatic vessel formation in development and pathology, such as inflammation and tumor metastasis. Physiologically relevant models of lymphatic vessels have been in demand because studies on lymphatic vessels are required for understanding the mechanism of tumor metastasis. In this study, a new three-dimensional lymphangiogenesis model in a tumor microenvironment is proposed, using a newly designed macrofluidic platform. It is verified that controllable biochemical and biomechanical cues, which contribute to lymphangiogenesis, can be applied in this platform. In particular, this model demonstrates that a reconstituted lymphatic vessel has an in vivo–like lymphatic vessel in both physical and biochemical aspects. Since biomechanical stress with a biochemical factor influences robust directional lymphatic sprouting, whether our model closely approximates in vivo, the initial lymphatics in terms of the morphological and genetic signatures is investigated. Furthermore, attempting an incorporation with a tumor spheroid, this study successfully develops a complex tumor microenvironment model for use in lymphangiogenesis and reveals the microenvironment factors that contribute to tumor metastasis. As a first attempt at a coculture model, this reconstituted model is a novel system with a fully three-dimensional structure and can be a powerful tool for pathological drug screening or disease model.

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Cui, Jingang, Wei Jiang, Jilei Su, Jiazhen Zhang, Yongliang Yu, and Yongsheng Ding. "Erratum: “Microfluidic-to-macrofluidic: A simple in vitro model of atherosclerosis induced by fluidic stimulation” [Biomicrofluidics 17, 044106 (2023)]." Biomicrofluidics 17, no. 5 (September 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0174489.

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Pfützner, Andreas, Hendrick Jensch, Christopher Cardinal, Geetham Srikanthamoorthy, Eric Riehn, and Nicole Thomé. "Laboratory Protocol and Pilot Results for Dynamic Interference Testing of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, May 13, 2022, 193229682210955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19322968221095573.

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Background: Testing the potential influence of interfering substances on the measurement performance of needle sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a challenging task. For proper function, the sensors need an almost stable fluidic environment. Previously published in vitro interference experiments were measuring under static concentration conditons. Our experimental setup allows for interference testing with dynamic changes of the interferent concentrations. Methods: We designed a macrofluidic test stand that is fueled by several high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps generating programmable glucose and/or interferent gradients in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After optimizing experimental parameters (channel dimensions, temperature, flow rates, gradient slopes, buffer, pH etc.), we validated the setup using Dexcom G6 (G6) and Freestyle Libre 2 (L2) sensors with/without interferents, and using YSI 2300 Stat plus as the reference glucose device at room temperature. Results: Both sensors tracked the programmed glucose changes. After calibration, G6 results closely matched glucose reference readings, while L2 routinely showed ~50% to 60% lower readings, most likely because of the factory-based calibration and temperature compensation. Gradients of maltose, acetaminophen, and xylose were employed to further validate the setup. As expected, both sensors were not affected by maltose. We confirmed previous findings regarding susceptibility of G6 readings to acetaminophen and L2 readings to xylose. Signals from both sensors are influenced by temperature in a linear fashion. Conclusions: Our experimental in vitro setup and protocol may provide a useful method to dynamically test CGM sensors for interfering substances. This may help to improve the accuracy of future CGM sensor generations.

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Södergren, Simon, Karolina Svensson, and Klas Hjort. "Microfluidic active pressure and flow stabiliser." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (November 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01865-4.

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AbstractIn microfluidics, a well-known challenge is to obtain reproducible results, often constrained by unstable pressures or flow rates. Today, there are existing stabilisers made for low-pressure microfluidics or high-pressure macrofluidics, often consisting of passive membranes, which cannot stabilise long-term fluctuations. In this work, a novel stabilisation method that is able to handle high pressures in microfluidics is presented. It is based on upstream flow capacitance and thermal control of the fluid’s viscosity through a PID controlled restrictor-chip. The stabiliser consists of a high-pressure-resistant microfluidic glass chip with integrated thin films, used for resistive heating. Thereby, the stabiliser has no moving parts. The quality of the stabilisation was evaluated with an ISCO pump, an HPLC pump, and a Harvard pump. The stability was greatly improved for all three pumps, with the ISCO reaching the highest relative precision of 0.035% and the best accuracy of 8.0 ppm. Poor accuracy of a pump was compensated for in the control algorithm, as it otherwise reduced the capacity to stabilise longer times. As the dead volume of the stabiliser was only 16 nL, it can be integrated into micro-total-analysis- or other lab-on-a-chip-systems. By this work, a new approach to improve the control of microfluidic systems has been achieved.

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