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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Talavyrya, М., and B. Dorosh. "Development of macroeconomic models based on behavioral economics: issues and further research." Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2021.04.02.

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The article analyzes the formation, spread and development of behavioral economics in microeconomic research, as well as its development in macroeconomic research over the past two decades. The key shortcomings of neoclassical macroeconomic models and their critique based on existing research and practical application by central bankers are highlighted. The key stages in the formation of behavioral macroeconomics, elements of which began to appear in the works of neoclassical macroeconomists, have been identified. The main arguments in favor of replacing neoclassical macroeconomic models with new behavioral macroeconomic models are presented, as well as key issues of behavioral macroeconomics and prospects for its further adoption as a basic concept for decision-making for governments. Key studies of behavioral economists on behavioral macroeconomic models, most of which are agents-based (microfoundations-based), have been identified and systematized. Based on the results of testing various behavioral models by world-renowned scientists, as well as our analysis, it is proposed to focus further macroeconomic research on behavioral models based on the activities of agents (microfoundations).

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2

JENSEN, HENRIK, PETER NORMAN SØRENSEN, and HANS JØRGEN WHITTA-JACOBSEN. "INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: DYNAMIC MACROECONOMIC THEORY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, S1 (April 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100507070113.

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This issue collects 11 articles at the frontier of the field of Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory.A majority of the articles discuss theoretical issues related to monetary policy. Many rich economies have now enjoyed a long period of stable monetary conditions, but many researchers remain puzzled as to what are the main mechanisms driving monetary stability. The field is of great importance to policymakers, and this issue's dynamic approaches will advance the debate. The other articles touch on other, equally inherently dynamic issues of macroeconomics, relating to growth, business cycles, and the role of credit. In light of the hard constraints we imposed on the length of the contributed articles, we will let the articles speak for themselves, and hope that the reader will enjoy this research sample as much as we do.

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3

Bidabad, Bijan. "Macroeconomics Needs Fresh Methodology of Theorization." Asian Finance & Banking Review 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v3i2.337.

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In this paper, we try to analyze the macroeconomic reasoning in different methodological issues. Subsequently, we try to touch some current macroeconomic debates on aggregations, relations, monetary and real sectors analyses. We assess that what we know about the behavior of macroeconomic variables is just our understanding from empiricism, and we have rarely found the laws of linkages among macroeconomic variables. We also conclude that successive theories have an intuitional foundation. It seems that to improve macroeconomic theories and policies, we need to be redirected to basic philosophical thinking about the macroeconomic theoretical foundation and try to rebuild a new concrete base for macroeconomics.

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4

Oglu, Hakimov Hakimjon Abdullo. "Issues of macroeconomic policy coordination." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 12, no. 2 (2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2022.00099.4.

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5

JANSEN, EILEV S. "Statistical Issues in Macroeconomic Modelling*." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9469.00280.

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6

Ofer, Gur. "Macroeconomic Issues of Soviet Reforms." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 5 (January 1990): 297–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654147.

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7

Arida, Persio. "Macroeconomic issues for Latin America." Journal of Development Economics 22, no. 1 (June 1986): 171–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90055-6.

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8

Solow, Robert M. "Macroeconomic Issues Confronting the Next President." Journal of Economic Education 19, no. 3 (1988): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1181947.

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9

Teplovodsky, M. N. "Macroeconomic Issues of Modernization in Russia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(16) (February 28, 2011): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-1-16-143-146.

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10

Solow, Robert M. "Macroeconomic Issues Confronting the Next President." Journal of Economic Education 19, no. 3 (June 1988): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.1988.10845266.

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11

Bergson, Abram. "[Macroeconomic Issues of Soviet Reforms]: Comment." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 5 (January 1990): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654148.

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12

Weitzman, Martin L. "[Macroeconomic Issues of Soviet Reforms]: Comment." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 5 (January 1990): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654149.

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13

Fischer, Stanley. "ISSUES IN MEDIUM-TERM MACROECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT." World Bank Research Observer 1, no. 2 (1986): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/1.2.163.

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14

Costabile, Lilia. "Istitutions for Social Well-Being: alcune risposte." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 3 (August 2009): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-003005.

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- Answering the round table participants, the author illustrates the project of this book and its main findings. While the book implies a focus on social policy, the contributors have brought to it their expertise not only in welfare economics but also in macroeconomic and monetary policy. This article outlines how social policy relates to these economic issues, and adopts an international political economy approach both in explaining hierarchies among countries, and in calling into question the "efficiency/equality trade off" as a useful instrument in comparing the economic performance of Europe and the US. Finally, the article discusses the issue of a possible convergence between the social models of Europe towards those of the best performing countries.EconLit Classification: D600, E120, F300, F400, F500Keywords: Welfare Economic, Growth, Globalization, Open Economy Macroeconomics, European Monetary UnionParole chiave: Welfare state, Crescita, Globalizzazione, Macroeconomia delle economie aperte, Unione monetaria europea

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15

Kaplan, Greg, and Giovanni L. Violante. "Microeconomic Heterogeneity and Macroeconomic Shocks." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.3.167.

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In this essay, we discuss the emerging literature in macroeconomics that combines heterogeneous agent models, nominal rigidities, and aggregate shocks. This literature opens the door to the analysis of distributional issues, economic fluctuations, and stabilization policies—all within the same framework. In response to the limitations of the representative agent approach to economic fluctuations, a new framework has emerged that combines key features of heterogeneous agents (HA) and New Keynesian (NK) economies. These HANK models offer a much more accurate representation of household consumption behavior and can generate realistic distributions of income, wealth, and, albeit to a lesser degree, household balance sheets. At the same time, they can accommodate many sources of macroeconomic fluctuations, including those driven by aggregate demand. In sum, they provide a rich theoretical framework for quantitative analysis of the interaction between cross-sectional distributions and aggregate dynamics. In this article, we outline a state-of-the-art version of HANK together with its representative agent counterpart, and convey two broad messages about the role of household heterogeneity for the response of the macroeconomy to aggregate shocks: 1) the similarity between the Representative Agent New Keynesian (RANK) and HANK frameworks depends crucially on the shock being analyzed; and 2) certain important macroeconomic questions concerning economic fluctuations can only be addressed within heterogeneous agent models.

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16

Willett, Thomas D. "National Macroeconomic Policy Preferences and International Coordination Issues." Journal of Public Policy 8, no. 3-4 (July 1988): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008618.

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ABSTRACTThis paper stresses the importance of taking domestic economic structures and political pressures into account when considering issues of international macroeconomic policy coordination. The existence of domestic biases can cause policy coordination to increase rather than reduce macroeconomic instability. The paper offers a survey of the literature on national macroeconomic policy preferences and inflation unemployment tradeoffs. While this research is still in its infancy, it is clear that there are important differences across countries which must be taken into account in designing coordination strategies.

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17

Awasthi, Richa. "Demonetization and Remonetization: Macroeconomic Issues and Implications." International Journal of Management Studies V, no. 2(7) (April 1, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i2(7)/02.

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18

Kaser, Michael. "The Technology of Decontrol: Some Macroeconomic Issues." Economic Journal 100, no. 401 (June 1990): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234146.

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19

Yeh, K. C. "Macroeconomic Issues in China in the 1990s." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 501–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000046282.

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Анотація:

In 1981 the Chinese leadership set the goal of quadrupling China's 1980 per capita GNP by the year 2000 in order to raise the people's standard of living to a “relatively comfortable level.” But apart from sustained growth, the Chinese planners are also very much concerned with economic efficiency and price stability. The new development strategy to attain these goals is economic reform and opening to the outside world Over a decade has now elapsed since these goals were set. This article addresses the issues of how far the Chinese economy has advanced toward those objectives, the major challenges that lie ahead and China's economic prospects in the 1990s.

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20

Bran, Florina, Dumitru Alexandru Bodislav, Maria Loredana Popescu, and Ana Mădălina Potcovaru. "Shifting Microeconomic Indicators into Solving Macroeconomic Issues." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p72.

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Defining relations can be built between the state and the corporation on its capitalist structure with observable results in increasing economic performance. The idea of sustainability results from Schumpeter's analysis of "healthy" economic growth of about 2% per year (according to the analysis between 1890 and 1940, including the unsustainable pre-crisis growth of 3.8% / year between 1890 and 1929). Basically, the relationship between government action and corporate governance can be likened to the relationship between urban management and business management (the ultimate goal is to attract investors / stakeholders to the city / corporation by offering advantages over other areas with similar characteristics but keeping the sense of economic logic). to maintain a competitive environment over the local government apparatus and an effective relationship with the inhabitants of that city, respectively, to maintain an organizational culture that resonates with the employees and with the initial purpose of the business), thus this research work having a character of rationalization of the economic environment of an emerging state through an integrated corporate governance approach to the issue.

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21

Allegret, Jean-Pierre, Cécile Couharde, and Valérie Mignon. "Introduction: Recent international macroeconomic and financial issues." International Economics 133 (May 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2013.04.006.

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22

Alkirom Wildan, Muhammad, Alif Jian Permana Putra, and Mochamad Ali Imron. "Macroeconomic Issues of the Digital Age: The Cashless Economy, Inflation and Consumption." International Journal of Management Research and Social Science 09, no. 01 (2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30726/ijmrss/v9.i1.2022.91004.

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Fiscal and Monetary policies require macroeconomic analysis to look at the consumption instrument, one of them is household consumption as one of the sources of national income, and inflation along with consumption. Knowing and analyzing the effect of cashless payments, digital payment, national income, and inflation in part on consumption. To make a good policy to be economic well-being, we need to conduct deeper research, and the authors have been conducted the research and tried to explain the macroeconomics issues in the digital age. The research data is secondary data in the form of a quarterly time series from 2010 to 2019 with quantitative analysis. The analysis technique used is the Double Linear Regression analysis technique using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The results showed that the cashless economy and inflation simultaneously affect the consumption in Indonesia.

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23

Oxley, Les, and Michael McAleer. "ECONOMETRIC ISSUES IN MACROECONOMIC MODELS WITH GENERATED REGRESSORS." Journal of Economic Surveys 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.1993.tb00158.x.

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24

Davies, Rob, and Jørn Rattsø. "Growth, distribution and environment: Macroeconomic issues in Zimbabwe." World Development 24, no. 2 (February 1996): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(95)00141-x.

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25

Furfero, A. Joyce. "Macroeconomic Issues and Policies: The Case of Bangladesh." Comparative Economic Studies 40, no. 1 (April 1998): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1998.6.

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26

Klepach, A. N., and R. F. Luk’yanenko. "Healthcare in Russia: Macroeconomic Parameters and Structural Issues." Studies on Russian Economic Development 34, no. 2 (April 2023): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075700723020065.

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27

Sherani, Sakib. "Pakistan’s Macroeconomic Situation." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 13, Special Edition (September 1, 2008): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2008.v13.isp.a2.

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Анотація:

As a result of policy inaction in addressing structural issues over a protracted period and a wrong set of economic priorities followed over the past several years, Pakistan’s economy faces a grave set of challenges. Among the many issues, which range from high inflation to power deficits and water stress, the most immediate and pressing is the need to restore fiscal order. While pressure on the coalition government to reduce the economic hardship of the electorate is understandably intense, the policy response needs to balance the alleviation of palpable hardship in the short term, with the ability to provide sustained benefits over the longer term. Given the sharp constriction in available fiscal space, adopting a policy course in the short run that raises expectations of “relief” may not be wise, in either political or economic terms. In the longer term, however, it is a misconception to view the available choices in purely binary terms, i.e. that “macroeconomic stability” (a much-maligned term, loath to politicians not just in Pakistan) is mutually exclusive to “pro-poor” agendas. Raising revenues by broadening the tax base meaningfully, in conjunction with rationalizing bloated government/public sector expenditures can free fiscal resources, which can be diverted to targeted subsidy programs. Ignoring macroeconomic stability, on the other hand, will eventually also undermine the ability of the government to influence economic growth, as growing fiscal and monetary constraints limit its ability to run appropriate policies.

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28

Evstigneeva, L., and R. Evstigneev. "Irreducibility and Macroeconomics (Polemic Notes on the Article «„Groups and Their Interests“: The Point for Discussion» by A. Rubinstein)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2007): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-3-95-107.

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Анотація:

The authors present some comments on the article "Groups and Their Interests" by A. Rubinstein (Voprosy Economiki. 2006. No 11). The article is highly estimated by the authors. Meanwhile, they believe the problem put forward cannot be solved without a new approach to macroeconomics as a multi-leveled system with the leading role of financial capital. In order to discuss macroeconomic issues in the context of the complex systems theory the authors develop a synergetic paradigm.

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29

Matraku, Doriana, and Adela Çafuli. "The Impact of Waste Management in the Macroeconomic Performance." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p235-246.

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Public attention to solid waste management has increased dramatically over the past decade in Europe because of the fact that the economic development has had its impact in consume. This increase in consume has affected to the production of different waste and therefore the necessity to manage them through different necessary policies of each country. Currently, Albania is a potential candidate country to be part of European Union. With the assignment of the Stabilization-Association Agreement, in 2006, the government undertook a series of commitments, where some of them are relative to taking into consideration the environment values during the decision-making process, in line with the sixth Action Program for the Environment, 2002. This paper provides an overview of recent trends in solid waste and management and the related public policy issues, in some cases combined with the economics literature related to this issues, in Europe and in particular in Albania. The main issues that will be treated in this paper are the public policies in Albania for solid waste and management. Is Albania completely ready for their management or not yet? The first part of this paper will give a theoretical overview of solid waste and of the ways used for their management as well as the economics literature related to the issues of the paper. A literature review will describe the recent trends in solid waste in some of the countries of European Union that have undertaken a lot of waste management policies and that have taken economic profit from this industry. The second part of the paper will focus in the Albanian case. Taking into consideration that Albania is a potential country to be integrated to European Union, we have commitment to complete also the waste management, in the framework of environmental issues. Also a very important part will focus in the impact of this issue to GDP growth of the country. In the end we will focus in some conclusions and also in recommendations about these important issues.

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30

Diamond, John W., and Pamela H. Moomau. "Issues in Analyzing the Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Policy." National Tax Journal 56, no. 3 (September 2003): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2003.3.01.

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31

Nath, Hiranya. "Covid-19: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Issues in India." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i1.916.

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Анотація:

This editorial discusses the potential short, and long-run macroeconomic impacts of Covid-19 in India, presents early evidence of some of these effects and examines policy issues that would be important in the coming days. Since the Indian economy was experiencing sluggish growth on the eve of the Covid-19 outbreak, the economic downturn could be severe, and the policy intervention would require a careful weighing of options and priorities. Given that policy space and resources are limited, policies that help manage the short-run crisis and yield significant long-run benefits should receive serious consideration.

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32

Tariq, Salman, and Xueqing Zhang. "Socioeconomic, Macroeconomic, and Sociopolitical Issues in Water PPP Failures." Journal of Management in Engineering 37, no. 5 (September 2021): 04021047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000947.

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33

Murshed, S. M. "Economic Aspects of North-South Interaction: Analytical Macroeconomic Issues." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 3, no. 1 (July 1993): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119930106.

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34

Arifovic, Jasmina. "EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS IN MACROECONOMIC MODELS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 4, no. 3 (September 2000): 373–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100500016059.

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This paper provides a survey of the applications of evolutionary algorithms in macroeconomic models. Discussion is organized around the issues related to stability of equilibria, equilibrium selection, transitional dynamics, and the long-run evolutionary dynamics different from rational-expectations equilibrium outcomes. The survey also discusses criteria that can be used to evaluate the performance and usefulness of evolutionary algorithms in the macroeconomic context.

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35

Schultze, Charles L. "The CEA: An Inside Voice for Mainstream Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.10.3.23.

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After initially concentrating on macroeconomic policy, the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) soon began to provide the president with advice on virtually all issues with economic content. On a wide range of issues there has been a commonality of advice given by the CEA to administrations of both parties, reflecting a broad consensus within the mainstream economics profession especially on microeconomics. While the differences within the profession and among various CEAs on issues of macroeconomic stabilization have narrowed, differences in assessing the supply-side effect of changes in taxes have grown in importance.

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36

Westaway, Peter F. "The Role of Macroeconomic Models in the Policy Design Process." National Institute Economic Review 151 (February 1995): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019515100105.

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This note examines the role of macroeconomic models in the policy design process. It discusses some of the general issues that need to be addressed if macroeconomic models are to make an important contribution to the policy debate. More topically, it illustrates the role that can be played by using policy optimisation techniques on the National Institute UK model to examine some of the macroeconomic policy options currently facing policymakers.

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37

Zhou, Rongyan, and Julie Stal-Le Cardinal. "HOW INDUSTRY 4.0 RESHAPES THE WORLD: RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON COMPLEX GRAPH NETWORK ANALYSIS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.437.

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Анотація:

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is a great opportunity and a tremendous challenge for every role of society. Our study combines complex network and qualitative methods to analyze the Industry 4.0 macroeconomic issues and global supply chain, which enriches the qualitative analysis and machine learning in macroscopic and strategic research. Unsupervised complex graph network models are used to explore how industry 4.0 reshapes the world. Based on the in-degree and out-degree of the weighted and unweighted edges of each node, combined with the grouping results based on unsupervised learning, our study shows that the cooperation groups of Industry 4.0 are different from the previous traditional alliances. Macroeconomics issues also are studied. Finally, strong cohesive groups and recommendations for businessmen and policymakers are proposed.

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38

Zamrazilová, Eva. "Foreign direct investments in the czech republic: selected macroeconomic issues." Politická ekonomie 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.614.

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39

Corbo, Vittorio, and Sang Woo Nam. "Korea's macroeconomic prospects and policy issues for the next decade." World Development 16, no. 1 (January 1988): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(88)90162-3.

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40

Łukasiewicz, Grzegorz. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Intellectual Capital Quality." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.6291.

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Анотація:

The article presents the concept of national intellectual capital based on a similar concept developed at the microeconomic level. A detailed analysis has covered the issues of defining basic notions, structure of intellectual capital and indicators used in its measurement. The final part of the article has discussed macroeconomic determinants of intellectual capital’s quality.

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41

Han, Yanbing, Min Xiong, and Howard A. Frank. "Public Administration and Macroeconomic Issues: Is This the Time for a Marriage Proposal?" Administration & Society 52, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 1439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399720915292.

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A number of Public Administration (PA) scholars have raised concerns regarding the discipline’s neglect of macroeconomic challenges. Our article focuses on the link between macroeconomic trends and PA. We submit that PA needs to address changing economic structure, shrinking workforce, growing financial leverage, and rising wealth inequity to maintain relevance. Study of these trends complements PA research on government revenue reform and economic development. Furthermore, we suggest PA rebalances its underlying assumptions regarding intellectual boundaries and view of human nature. Without a paradigm shift, PA may lose any legitimate claim to be an appropriate administrative science.

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42

Mankiw, N. Gregory, and Ricardo Reis. "Friedman's Presidential Address in the Evolution of Macroeconomic Thought." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.1.81.

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Анотація:

Milton Friedman's presidential address, “The Role of Monetary Policy,” which was delivered 50 years ago in December 1967 and published in the March 1968 issue of the American Economic Review, is unusual in the outsized role it has played. What explains the huge influence of this work, merely 17 pages in length? One factor is that Friedman addresses an important topic. Another is that it is written in simple, clear prose, making it an ideal addition to the reading lists of many courses. But what distinguishes Friedman's address is that it invites readers to reorient their thinking in a fundamental way. It was an invitation that, after hearing the arguments, many readers chose to accept. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to view Friedman's 1967 AEA presidential address as marking a turning point in the history of macroeconomic research. Our goal here is to assess this contribution, with the benefit of a half-century of hindsight. We discuss where macroeconomics was before the address, what insights Friedman offered, where researchers and central bankers stand today on these issues, and (most speculatively) where we may be heading in the future.

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43

Abid, Lobna, Med Nejib Ouertani, and Sonia Zouari-Ghorbel. "Household Debt and the Rise of Financial Fragility in the Tunisian Context." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n1p58.

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This paper aims at studying the financial vulnerability of the Tunisian household and the extent to which indebtedness is associated with increased “financial fragility”, as measured by the household arrears’ sensitivity to macroeconomic shocks. In addition, the paper tries to examine whether financial fragility is actually affected by macroeconomic variables. These issues are investigated by applying panel data modeling and vector-error correction mechanisms for household arrears. Overall, the analysis shows the importance of macroeconomic data in determining the household’s financial fragility.

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Gołembski, Grzegorz. "Tourism research and education in Poland : History and contemporary issues." Economics and Business Review 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2013.4.677.

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The article identifies socio-economic changes in Poland after 1989 and their influence on the improvement of macroeconomic indicators and competitiveness. It also evaluates the impact of macroeconomic effects on the tourism market in Poland. Against this background the author considers the relationship between scientific research and tourism education arguing that quantitative changes in the development of tourism higher education have not resulted in the increase in both quantity and quality of research in the field. The article identifies drivers of tourism research that have expanded knowledge and were of practical use. The issues discussed include statistical capture and analysis of tourism-related phenomena, regional studies on sustainable development and the tourism function of regions as well as microeconomic problems such as quality of services, innovativeness and entrepreneurship. Examples are given of the use of research findings in didactic processes. Finally the article presents a review of research collaboration and student exchange programmes.(original abstract)

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45

Sánchez, Aida Caldera, Alain de Serres, and Naomitsu Yashiro. "Reforming in a Difficult Macroeconomic Context: A Review of Issues and Recent Literature." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 08, no. 01 (February 2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993317500028.

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This paper reviews the main issues related to the short-term impact of structural reforms in different macroeconomic contexts and takes stock of existing theoretical and empirical studies. Taking reforms introduced in “normal” times as a benchmark, it reviews the available evidence on the impact of reforms that are implemented in “bad” times — defined as the presence of a sizeable negative output gap and persistently weak demand — as well as under different assumptions regarding the availability or effectiveness of macroeconomic policies in supporting the reforms. In doing so, the paper focuses on the key channels through which different reforms influence short-term activity via the main components of demand and discusses how these channels operate under different macro conditions.

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Arifovic, Jasmina, and James Bullard. "INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE: NEW APPROACHES TO LEARNING IN MACROECONOMIC MODELS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 5, no. 02 (April 2001): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100501019010.

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The research questions addressed by the literature on learning in macroeconomics can be classified into four categories: First, there are issues related to the convergence and stability under learning in models with unique rational expectations equilibria. Authors here are concerned mainly with the learnability of a rational expectations equilibrium, as a measure of that equilibrium's plausibility as an observed outcome in an actual economy. Second, there are issues related to convergence and stability under learning in models with multiple rational expectations equilibria. In this case, learnability serves as an equilibrium selection device, helping economists decide which equilibria are the more likely to be actually observed among the many that exist under rational expectations. A third set of issues involves the examination of transitional dynamics that accompanies the equilibrium selection process. Following some type of unexpected strcutural change or change in policy regime, for instance, economies necessarily must follow temporary transitional paths to a rational expectations equilibrium associated with the new reality. Learning is sometimes used to help model such transitional dynamics. Finally, there are issues related to the examination of learning dynamics that are intrinsically different, even asymptotically, from the dynamics of the rational expectations versions of the models. In these cases, the learning dynamics do not converge to the rational expectations fixed points, and (unexploitable) expectational errors persist indefinitely. Some authors have tried to make use of this possibility in order to build explanations of otherwise puzzling macroeconomic phenomena based on constantly changing expectations.

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Okoh, John Onuwa. "Restructuring Macroeconomic Policy for Sustainable Development in Nigeria." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i3.16.

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This paper examined the impact of restructuring macroeconomic policy for sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper examines the various efforts aimed at restructuring macroeconomics policy in Nigeria. These efforts were captured in the SAP of 1986, NEEDS of 2004, the Transformation Agenda of 2011 and the ERGP of 2016. The paper adopted content analysis method of qualitative research given the peculiarity of the subject matter. There were documented evidence that during the aforementioned periods, the economy showed signs of growth and development. Despite the gains of the reforms, Nigeria is still grappling with economic growth and development issues-unemployment, poverty and rising cost of living. This paper however recommends that there should be continuity in programmes and policies of government. Programmes and policies should not change with regime change. There should be a deliberate and conscious effort on the part of government and policy makers to design programmes and policies that are people oriented, home grown and have the capacity to promote and sustainable growth and development.

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Drobyshevsky, S., P. Kadochnikov, and S. Sinelnikov-Murylev. "Some Issues of Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy in Russia in 2000-2006 and in the Short-term Outlook." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2007): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-2-26-45.

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The paper analyzes the problems of macroeconomic policy in Russia in 2000-2006. The authors estimate the trends of realization of monetary, credit, currency and budgetary policy under favorable and unfavorable external economic conditions. Different variants of government and central bank reaction to the oil prices conservation or decline are considered. Different scenarios of macroeconomic policy realization in 2007-2011 are modeled. The results of the computation are presented.

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Chan, Kenneth S., and Stefan Gerlach. "SPECIAL SECTION ON DEFLATION AND MACROECONOMIC ISSUES IN HONG KONG: INTRODUCTION." Pacific Economic Review 10, no. 2 (June 2005): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2005.00267.x.

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50

Schadler, Susan, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, and Mauro Mecagni. "The Macroeconomic Effects of ESAF-Supported Programs: Revisiting Some Methodological Issues." IMF Working Papers 95, no. 92 (1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451951486.001.

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