Статті в журналах з теми "Lymphocyte activity"
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1
Schimpff, R. M., and A. M. Repellin. "In vitro effect of human growth hormone on lymphocyte transformation and lymphocyte growth factors secretion." Acta Endocrinologica 120, no. 6 (June 1989): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1200745.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Cultures of human blood peripheral lymphocytes were performed in the presence or absence of human growth hormone, and also of phytohemagglutinin and normal human serum 10%. After incubation for 48 h, the supernatants were tested for their ability to promote the uptake of [3H]thymidine into lectin-activated lymphocytes. Supernatants from lymphocyte-free control samples, treated in the same manner, were assayed under the same experimental conditions. Variance analysis of the different dose-response relationships was performed. The results of these in vitro experiments confirm that physiological levels of GH inhibit the lectin-induced lymphoproliferation and that lymphocytes secrete an 'activity' able to stimulate the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into lectin activated lymphocytes. Furthermore we show that: 1) Secretion of this lymphocyte-stimulating activity is increased by physiological levels of GH; 2) This lymphocytic secretion is not radioimmunoassayable IGF-I; 3) Using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), this activity appears in fractions with various molecular weights.
2
Nakhaei-Nejad, Maryam, Amer M. Hussain, Qiu-Xia Zhang, and Allan G. Murray. "Endothelial PI 3-kinase activity regulates lymphocyte diapedesis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): H3608—H3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lymphocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation involves a bidirectional series of cues between the endothelial cell (EC) and the leukocyte that culminate in lymphocyte migration into the tissue. Remodeling of the EC F-actin cytoskeleton has been observed after leukocyte adhesion, but the signals to the EC remain poorly defined. We studied the dependence of peripheral blood lymphocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) through an EC monolayer in vitro on EC phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity. Lymphocytes were perfused over cytokine-activated EC using a parallel-plate laminar flow chamber. Inhibition of EC PI 3-kinase activity using LY-294002 or wortmannin decreased lymphocyte TEM (48 ± 6 or 34 ± 7%, respectively, vs. control; mean ± SE; P < 0.05). Similarly, EC knockdown of the p85α regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase decreased lymphocyte transmigration. Treatment of EC with jasplakinolide to inhibit EC F-actin remodeling also decreased lymphocyte TEM to 24 ± 10% vs. control ( P < 0.05). EC PI 3-kinase inhibition did not change the strength of lymphocyte adhesion to the EC or formation of the EC “docking structure” after intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ligation, whereas this was inhibited by jasplakinolide treatment. A similar fraction of lymphocytes migrated on control or LY-294002-treated EC and localized to interendothelial junctions. However, lymphocytes failed to extend processes below the level of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin on LY-294002-treated EC. Together these observations indicate that EC PI 3-kinase activity and F-actin remodeling are required during lymphocyte diapedesis and identify a PI 3-kinase-dependent step following initial separation of the VE-cadherin barrier.
3
Compaan, Deanne M., Lino C. Gonzalez, Irene Tom, Kelly M. Loyet, Dan Eaton, and Sarah G. Hymowitz. "Attenuating Lymphocyte Activity." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 47 (September 16, 2005): 39553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m507629200.
Повний текст джерела
4
Dallegri, F., F. Patrone, G. Frumento, A. Ballestrero, and C. Sacchetti. "Down-regulation of K cell activity by neutrophils." Blood 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.3.571.571.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Human neutrophils, activated by phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA), (A- neutrophils), were found to suppress lymphocytic killer (K) cell- mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Resting (R) neutrophils, ie, PMA-untreated cells, were completely ineffective. Suppression was optimal when A-neutrophils were added at the beginning of the ADCC assay. Furthermore, A-neutrophils were found to cause an approximately 80% reduction in the number of Raji target cell-bound lymphocytes. These data indicate that A-neutrophils inhibit K cell activity by interfering with the target cell recognition. A-neutrophils were capable of reducing the percentage of Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing lymphocytes with a half-time of 7.2 minutes, through a process preventable by the serine-protease inhibitors tosyl-lysine-chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI). Conversely, A- neutrophils caused a very slow decrease in the amount of Raji cell- bound antibodies, as detected by the complement-mediated lytic assay. Thus, only lymphocyte FcR structures seem to be highly susceptible to neutrophil-derived TLCK- and LBTI-inhibitable proteases. Furthermore, supernatants from A-neutrophils were found to inhibit K cell ADCC and lymphocyte binding to Raji target cells. In addition, LBTI prevented the A-neutrophil-dependent and the supernatant-dependent inhibition of both K cell ADCC activity and lymphocyte-target cell conjugate formation. Together these data suggest that A-neutrophils suppress K cell function through a protease-mediated impairment of the FcR binding capacity. The results provide evidence that human neutrophils are endowed with mechanisms to regulate K cell ADCC activity.
5
Dallegri, F., F. Patrone, G. Frumento, A. Ballestrero, and C. Sacchetti. "Down-regulation of K cell activity by neutrophils." Blood 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.3.571.bloodjournal653571.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human neutrophils, activated by phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA), (A- neutrophils), were found to suppress lymphocytic killer (K) cell- mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Resting (R) neutrophils, ie, PMA-untreated cells, were completely ineffective. Suppression was optimal when A-neutrophils were added at the beginning of the ADCC assay. Furthermore, A-neutrophils were found to cause an approximately 80% reduction in the number of Raji target cell-bound lymphocytes. These data indicate that A-neutrophils inhibit K cell activity by interfering with the target cell recognition. A-neutrophils were capable of reducing the percentage of Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing lymphocytes with a half-time of 7.2 minutes, through a process preventable by the serine-protease inhibitors tosyl-lysine-chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI). Conversely, A- neutrophils caused a very slow decrease in the amount of Raji cell- bound antibodies, as detected by the complement-mediated lytic assay. Thus, only lymphocyte FcR structures seem to be highly susceptible to neutrophil-derived TLCK- and LBTI-inhibitable proteases. Furthermore, supernatants from A-neutrophils were found to inhibit K cell ADCC and lymphocyte binding to Raji target cells. In addition, LBTI prevented the A-neutrophil-dependent and the supernatant-dependent inhibition of both K cell ADCC activity and lymphocyte-target cell conjugate formation. Together these data suggest that A-neutrophils suppress K cell function through a protease-mediated impairment of the FcR binding capacity. The results provide evidence that human neutrophils are endowed with mechanisms to regulate K cell ADCC activity.
6
Beno, D. W., A. G. Stöver, and H. L. Mathews. "Growth inhibition of Candida albicans hyphae by CD8+ lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 5273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.10.5273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We have shown previously that IL-2-activated splenocytes can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro. Herein we demonstrate that plastic nonadherent lymphocytes that are CD8+ mediate the antifungal activity. Enrichment for CD8+ cells markedly enhanced the antifungal activity of the IL-2-activated lymphocyte population for C. albicans and the cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes for an NK-resistant cell line. Depletion of CD8+ cells reduced the lymphocyte population's antifungal activity and cytotoxic activity for the NK-resistant cell line. Enrichment for NK1.1+ cells markedly reduced the antifungal activity of the lymphocyte population for C. albicans and increased the cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes for an NK-sensitive cell line. Depletion of NK1.1+ cells increased the lymphocyte population's antifungal activity and cytotoxic activity for the NK-resistant cell line. Generation of the antifungal lymphocytes in culture required IL-2 and was not replaced with IFN-gamma. These data show that IL-2-activated CD8+ T lymphocytes exert the greatest amount of antifungal effect against the hyphal form of C. albicans, whereas IL-2- or IFN-gamma-activated NK cells have little or no effect against the hyphae.
7
Li, Lijin, Sharon M. Dial, Monika Schmelz, Margaret A. Rennels, and Neil M. Ampel. "Cellular Immune Suppressor Activity Resides in Lymphocyte Cell Clusters Adjacent to Granulomata in Human Coccidioidomycosis." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 7 (July 2005): 3923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.7.3923-3928.2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The in situ immunologic response in human coccidioidomycosis remains undefined. To explore this further, pulmonary necrotizing coccidioidal granulomata were examined using immunohistochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets and for the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Discrete perigranulomatous lymphocytic clusters were seen in eight of nine tissues examined. In these tissues, T lymphocytes (CD3+) significantly outnumbered B lymphocytes (CD20+) in the mantle area of the granulomata (P = 0.028), whereas the clusters were composed of roughly equal numbers of T and B lymphocytes. While the number of cells in the mantle expressing IL-10 was similar to those in the perigranulomatous clusters, there were significantly more cells expressing IFN-γ in the mantle than in the clusters (P = 0.037). Confocal microscopy revealed that CD4+ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are associated with IL-10 production. CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes were identified in the perigranulomatous clusters but were not associated with IL-10 production. This is the first report noting perigranulomatous lymphocyte clusters and IL-10 in association with human coccidioidal granulomata and suggests that down-regulation of the cellular immune response is occurring within coccidioidal granulomata.
8
Feldman, L., and N. Dainiak. "B-lymphocyte-derived erythroid burst-promoting activity is distinct from other known lymphokines." Blood 73, no. 7 (May 15, 1989): 1814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.7.1814.1814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Previously we have demonstrated that, in contrast to various panspecific or multilineage hematopoietic growth factors, lymphocyte- derived erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) is lineage specific, stimulating BFU-E proliferation in serum-free culture by up to 600% of control values while failing to enhance nonerythroid colony formation. To further determine the cellular source(s) of this important erythropoietic growth regulator, we have separated normal nonadherent peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes by nylon wool fractionation, SRBC rosetting, and panning with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). These unstimulated T- and B-lymphocyte-enriched populations were used as cell sources to produce conditioned media (CM) and to prepare plasma membranes (PM). When CM fractions or purified PM were assayed in serum- free human bone marrow culture, BPA was localized entirely to the B- lymphocyte-derived fractions. While CM or PM from unstimulated T lymphocytes failed to stimulate BFU-E proliferation, activation of T cells by either phytohemagglutinin-M (1%) or concanavalin A (Con A; 5 micrograms/mL) induced the expression of a factor on the PM and in the resultant CM that stimulated the formation of erythroid bursts. In addition to enhancing BFU-E proliferation, this T-cell factor stimulated the proliferation of CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in serum-free culture. When compared biochemically (in terms of temperature stability, localization by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and sensitivity to dithiothreitol) or immunochemically (using antibodies specific for lymphocyte-derived BPA, GM-CSF, or interleukin-3 [IL-3]), as well as by lineage specificity, B- and activated T-lymphocyte- derived growth factors appeared to be distinct. The burst stimulatory activities expressed by recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-3 were immunologically distinct from that associated with octylglucoside extracts of plasma membranes from resting B lymphocytes. Our results suggest that the BFU-E-directed growth-promoting activity released from activated T lymphocytes is apparently due to GM-CSF, while both resting and mitogen-stimulated normal B lymphocytes express erythroid-specific BPA and neither GM-CSF nor IL-3.
9
Feldman, L., and N. Dainiak. "B-lymphocyte-derived erythroid burst-promoting activity is distinct from other known lymphokines." Blood 73, no. 7 (May 15, 1989): 1814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.7.1814.bloodjournal7371814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previously we have demonstrated that, in contrast to various panspecific or multilineage hematopoietic growth factors, lymphocyte- derived erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) is lineage specific, stimulating BFU-E proliferation in serum-free culture by up to 600% of control values while failing to enhance nonerythroid colony formation. To further determine the cellular source(s) of this important erythropoietic growth regulator, we have separated normal nonadherent peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes by nylon wool fractionation, SRBC rosetting, and panning with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). These unstimulated T- and B-lymphocyte-enriched populations were used as cell sources to produce conditioned media (CM) and to prepare plasma membranes (PM). When CM fractions or purified PM were assayed in serum- free human bone marrow culture, BPA was localized entirely to the B- lymphocyte-derived fractions. While CM or PM from unstimulated T lymphocytes failed to stimulate BFU-E proliferation, activation of T cells by either phytohemagglutinin-M (1%) or concanavalin A (Con A; 5 micrograms/mL) induced the expression of a factor on the PM and in the resultant CM that stimulated the formation of erythroid bursts. In addition to enhancing BFU-E proliferation, this T-cell factor stimulated the proliferation of CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in serum-free culture. When compared biochemically (in terms of temperature stability, localization by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and sensitivity to dithiothreitol) or immunochemically (using antibodies specific for lymphocyte-derived BPA, GM-CSF, or interleukin-3 [IL-3]), as well as by lineage specificity, B- and activated T-lymphocyte- derived growth factors appeared to be distinct. The burst stimulatory activities expressed by recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-3 were immunologically distinct from that associated with octylglucoside extracts of plasma membranes from resting B lymphocytes. Our results suggest that the BFU-E-directed growth-promoting activity released from activated T lymphocytes is apparently due to GM-CSF, while both resting and mitogen-stimulated normal B lymphocytes express erythroid-specific BPA and neither GM-CSF nor IL-3.
10
Robbins, R. A., S. Shoji, J. Linder, G. L. Gossman, L. A. Allington, L. W. Klassen, and S. I. Rennard. "Bronchial epithelial cells release chemotactic activity for lymphocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 257, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): L109—L115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1989.257.2.l109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lymphocytes can frequently be observed in association with bronchial tissues. One mechanism that might account for this association is that bronchial epithelial cells might release chemotactic factors for lymphocytes. To test this hypothesis, bovine bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in serum-free media, and the supernatant fluids were harvested and evaluated for lymphocyte chemotactic activity using a blind-well chamber technique. Media alone attracted few lymphocytes (12 +/- 2 cells/high power field), but in contrast, there was a significant increase in the number of cells attracted by supernatant fluids obtained from bronchial epithelial cell cultures (40 +/- 6 cells/high power field, P = 0.002). The activity was dose dependent and was demonstrated to be chemotactic activity by checkerboard analysis. Partial characterization of the activity revealed it was not extractable into ethyl acetate but was partially inactivated by trypsin and heat (100 degrees C, 15 min). The responding cells were predominantly T-helper lymphocytes as shown by monoclonal antibody staining, with a smaller proportion being B-lymphocytes. Molecular sieve column chromatography revealed multiple peaks of lymphocyte chemotactic activity, with three of the peaks preferentially attracting T-helper lymphocytes and one of the peaks preferentially attracting B-lymphocytes. These data demonstrate that bronchial epithelial cells can release chemotactic factors for lymphocytes and suggest that bronchial epithelial cells may modulate their local population of immune effector cells.
11
Fikri, Irsyadil, Zuhrial Zubir, and Ananda Wibawanta Ginting. "The Relationship between Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio to Degree of Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a wide spectrum of clinical and serological manifestations caused by autoantibody production, complement activation, and immune complex deposition. Several studies have shown that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio are closely correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus and its disease activity so that they can be used as diagnostic indicators and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: To determine the relationship between the ratio of neutrophil lymphocytes and the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes on the degree of activity of lupus disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: This is an observational analytic study using medical record data from central installation patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital in the period January to December 2019. The sample was calculated using the unpaired comparative sample size formula for more than two groups of one measurement. Then the distribution test was carried out with the Shapiro Wilk test. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the ratio of neutrophil lymphocytes and the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes with the MEX SLEDAI score using the ANOVA test if the data were normally distributed, or the Kruskal-Wallis test if the data was not normally distributed. Then proceed with the Mann-Whitney post hoc test to see which groups have differences. The sum of deviations (α) is 0.05, statistically significant if p<0.05. Results: 120 subjects participated in the study and 33 people (27.5%) had mild systemic lupus erythematosus, 47 (39.2%) moderate degrees, and 40 people (33.3%) severe degrees. Conclusion: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio are associated with the degree of lupus activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Keywords: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, systemic lupus erythematosus.
12
Lim, K. G., H. C. Wan, P. T. Bozza, M. B. Resnick, D. T. Wong, W. W. Cruikshank, H. Kornfeld, D. M. Center, and P. F. Weller. "Human eosinophils elaborate the lymphocyte chemoattractants. IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and RANTES." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 7 (April 1, 1996): 2566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.7.2566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Eosinophils and CD4+ lymphocytes are preferentially recruited into sites of allergic inflammation. A role for eosinophils in the recruitment of CD4+ lymphocytes has not been defined. We studied the capacity of human eosinophils to release chemoattractants for T lymphocytes. Supernatants of cultured eosinophils contained chemoattractant activity for lymphocytes, which was predominantly due to IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and RANTES. With neutralizing Abs, eosinophil-derived lymphocyte chemotactic activity was diminished by a mean (+/- SEM) of 60 +/- 3% with polygonal anti-IL-16 Ab, 69 +/- 4% with anti-IL-16 mAb, 48 +/- 3% with anti-CD4 F(ab) (IL-16 receptor blockade), 40 +/- 4% with anti-RANTES mAb, and 88 +/- 5% with a combination of anti-IL-16 and anti-RANTES mAbs. IL-16 and RANTES were detectable in eosinophil-derived supernatants by ELISA. Eosinophils constitutively expressed mRNA transcripts for both IL-16 and RANTES detectable by reverse transcription-PCR and contained preformed IL-16 and RANTES demonstrable by ELISA of cell lysates and by immunocytochemistry of freshly isolated eosinophils. Thus, eosinophils are a source of two cytokines, IL-16 and RANTES, that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes as well as eosinophils. These data indicate that eosinophils could contribute cytokines to enhance the recruitment of additional populations of CD4+ lymphocytes and eosinophils.
13
Kohno, H., and T. Kanno. "Properties and activities of aminopeptidases in normal and mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes." Biochemical Journal 226, no. 1 (February 15, 1985): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2260059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human peripheral lymphocytes were found to contain at least two distinct aminopeptidases, designated cytosol aminopeptidase and microsomal aminopeptidase, which differed from one another with respect to intracellular localization, substrate specificity, metal-ion activation, Km value and electrophoretic mobility. No change in these aminopeptidase activities was observed in cultured lymphocytes in the absence of mitogen throughout the cultivation period. The addition of phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A to the culture medium caused, in dose-dependent manner, a significant increase in cytosol aminopeptidase activity in lymphocytes. On the other hand, no increase in microsomal aminopeptidase activity was observed under the same conditions. The biochemical properties of aminopeptidases in stimulated cultured lymphocytes were identical with those of the enzymes in peripheral lymphocytes and unstimulated cultured lymphocyte. The phytohaemagglutinin dose-response curves for lymphocyte activation as measured by the DNA synthesis rate and for cytosol aminopeptidase activity were observed to be similar. However, when DNA synthesis was temporarily blocked by hydroxyurea, the rate of increase of aminopeptidase activity was unaffected. Pokeweed mitogen only slightly increased the cytosol aminopeptidase activity in cultured lymphocytes, although the lymphocytes were highly activated.
14
Burlev, VA, and SN Manukova. "Lymphocyte activity in patients with habitual abortions, treated with allogenic lymphocytes." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 38, no. 3 (July 1992): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(82)90155-2.
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15
MACALLAN, DEREK C. "Lymphocyte activity and protein synthesis." Clinical Science 101, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20010237.
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MACALLAN, DEREK C. "Lymphocyte activity and protein synthesis." Clinical Science 101, no. 6 (October 26, 2001): 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010591.
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17
Chiba, Kenji, Yoshiki Yanagawa, Yumi Masubuchi, Hirotoshi Kataoka, Takafumi Kawaguchi, Makio Ohtsuki, and Yukio Hoshino. "FTY720, a Novel Immunosuppressant, Induces Sequestration of Circulating Mature Lymphocytes by Acceleration of Lymphocyte Homing in Rats. I. FTY720 Selectively Decreases the Number of Circulating Mature Lymphocytes by Acceleration of Lymphocyte Homing." Journal of Immunology 160, no. 10 (May 15, 1998): 5037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.10.5037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract FTY720, given i.v. or orally at 0.03 mg/kg or more, significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in a dose-dependent manner and showed more potent immunosuppressive activity than cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK506) in MHC-incompatible rat strains of WKAH donors and F344 recipients. However, unlike CsA or FK506, FTY720 up to 1000 nM did not affect IL-2 production in allogeneic MLC. Within 3 to 24 h after a single oral administration of FTY720 at 0.1 to 1 mg/kg, the number of lymphocytes in the rats was markedly decreased in the peripheral blood and thoracic duct lymph and partially in spleen. By contrast, the number of lymphocytes in peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and Peyer’s patches (PP) was significantly increased at the same time. Intravenous transfusion of calcein-labeled rat lymphocytes into rats revealed that FTY720 significantly accelerated lymphocyte homing to PLN, MLN, and PP, dose dependently. Since FTY720-induced lymphocyte homing was completely blocked by simultaneous treatment of the calcein-labeled lymphocytes with mAbs against CD62L, CD49d, and CD11a before the transfusion, the acceleration of lymphocyte homing by FTY720 appears to be mediated by lymphocyte-homing receptors. These findings indicate that FTY720 sequesters circulating mature lymphocytes into PLN, MLN, and PP by acceleration of lymphocyte homing and thereby decreases the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic duct lymph, and spleen. Based on these observations, sequestration of circulating mature-lymphocytes is presumed to be a main mechanism of the immunosuppressive activity of FTY720.
18
Nel, A. E., M. W. Wooten, G. E. Landreth, P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, H. C. Stevenson, P. J. Miller, and R. M. Galbraith. "Translocation of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase in B-lymphocytes activated by phorbol ester or cross-linking of membrane immunoglobulin." Biochemical Journal 233, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2330145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stimulation of peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes with phorbol ester or anti-immunoglobulin demonstrated intracellular translocation of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) activity from cytosol to membrane fractions. This phenomenon, which was dose- and time-dependent, was found in both normal and chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia B-cells. This suggests that C-kinase-dependent protein phosphorylation may be related to membrane receptor occupation and may therefore be important in B-lymphocyte responses.
19
Lucivero, G., G. Pierucci, and L. Bonomo. "Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and pleural fluid." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01040337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have examined the distribution of B and T lymphocytes, T-cells with helper/inducer (T4+) or suppressor/cytotoxic (T8+) phenotypes and a subset of cells with natural killer (NK) activity and positive for the Leu 7 (HNK-1) surface antigen in peripheral blood and in lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions of patients with tuberculosis or malignancies (mesothelioma and lung cancer with pleural metastasis). In individual patients, the percentages of T lymphocytes were uniformly higher in pleural effusions than in peripheral blood; however, lower percentages of B lymphocytes and cells positive for the Leu 7 antigen were present in pleural fluids. The analysis of T-cell subpopulations demonstrated a selective enrichment of T lymphocytes with helper/inducer phenotype in pleural effusions, while the percentages of T-cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were similar in pleural fluid and peripheral blood. These results indicate that in lymphocytic pleural effusions the main lymphoid cell population is represented by T lymphocytes with helper/inducer phenotype, regardless of whether the effusion is due to tuberculosis or malignancies such as mesothelioma or lung cancer.
20
Kornfeld, H., J. S. Berman, D. J. Beer, and D. M. Center. "Induction of human T lymphocyte motility by interleukin 2." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 3887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.3887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is known to have multiple immunoenhancing activities that are related to its ability to promote the proliferation and the expression of effector functions of human T lymphocytes. We investigated the potential of IL 2 to induce human T lymphocyte migration. Unstimulated T cells did not respond to IL 2, but T cells exposed to dextran or phytohemagglutinin did respond to IL 2 concentrations from 0.01 to 10.0 U/ml, with significantly increased migration. This activity could be specifically blocked with anti-Tac antibody. Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets revealed that OKT4+ but not OKT8+ lymphocytes responded to IL 2 in the chemotaxis assay. Checkerboard analysis demonstrated that the IL 2-induced chemoattractant activity was predominantly chemotactic rather than chemokinetic in nature. The activity of IL 2 was compared with that of another chemoattractant lymphokine, lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, which was found to stimulate lymphocyte migration without prior exposure to mitogen, and which was not inhibited by anti-Tac. Our data suggest that the lymphocyte migratory response to IL 2 is under the control of the inducible receptor recognized by anti-Tac in a manner similar to the proliferative response to IL 2, but differs from proliferation in its OKT4+ cell specificity.
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Matsushima, K., A. Procopio, H. Abe, G. Scala, J. R. Ortaldo, and J. J. Oppenheim. "Production of interleukin 1 activity by normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.2.1132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Interleukin 1 (IL 1) production by normal human B lymphocytes was investigated. Normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes were purified by sequential separation with the use of Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, sheep red blood cell rosette formation, Percoll gradients, and treatment with monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu-M1, B73.1, and T101) and complement. Both purified large B lymphocytes (BL) and small B lymphocytes (BS) produced IL 1-like (thymocyte co-mitogenic and fibroblast mitogenic) activities in response to lipopolysaccharide. Maximal production of IL 1 activity by both BL and BS occurred at 48 hr. The m.w. of IL 1 activities from both BL and BS were about 20,000 with high pressure liquid chromatography, and the major isoelectric point of BL- and BS-derived IL 1 activity was 7.0. A rabbit anti-human monocyte IL 1 antiserum inhibited the activity of B cell-derived IL 1, suggesting antigenic similarities of monocyte- and B lymphocyte-derived IL 1 moieties. These data suggest that normal B lymphocyte-derived IL 1 activity is biochemically and immunologically similar to monocyte-derived IL 1.
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Randon, Andrew Mangion, and Everaldo Attard. "The in vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Oleuropein, a Secoiridoid Glycoside from Olea europaea L." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 5 (May 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oleuropein, a secoiridoid glycoside, is a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of oleuropein and Olea europaea extracts on unstimulated lymphocytes. Oleuropein did not produce any significant cytotoxic effects on lymphocytes. On the contrary, it had a stimulatory effect, and was capable of inducing and maintaining high proliferation rates in lymphocytes. The stimulatory effects of oleuropein and extracts were concentration-dependent with a range of median stimulatory concentration 1 mM at 48 h. The cytotoxicity effect of oleuropein and extracts increased with time resulting in a greater cytotoxic effect on already-stimulated lymphocytes at 96 h even though dose dependence was not demonstrated. Morphological observations showed that oleuropein and extracts induced blastogenesis similar to that of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). In fact, from lymphocyte activation studies, oleuropein exhibited a high degree of lymphocyte aggregation, which is an indicator of cell activation and proliferation.
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Murray, JL, KC Loftin, CG Munn, JM Reuben, PW Mansell, and EM Hersh. "Elevated adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in peripheral blood null lymphocytes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome." Blood 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.6.1318.bloodjournal6561318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) are important in lymphocyte differentiation, and genetic deficiencies of either enzyme have been associated with hereditary immunodeficiency states. Both ADA and PNP activity were measured in null cell-enriched and T cell-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven patients with the AIDS-related symptom complex (ARC), and seven asymptomatic homosexuals. ADA activity in nmol/10(6) lymphocytes/h was significantly elevated in null lymphocytes from AIDS (161 +/- 12) as compared with 23 healthy heterosexual controls (127 +/- 8;P less than .025). PNP activity was also significantly increased in null lymphocytes from AIDS patients (96 +/- 10;P less than .005) as well as those from ARC patients (84 +/- 11:P less than .025) relative to controls (61 +/- 5). No significant differences in enzyme activity were noted in T cell-enriched cells in any group. Along with elevated enzyme activity, AIDS patients had small yet significant increases in the percentages of HLA-DR (P less than .025), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) (P less than .0001), and peanut agglutinin receptor (P less than .0001) positive lymphocytes in the null fraction compared with controls. TdT-positive cells appeared morphologically as large lymphoblasts with irregular nuclei. The data imply that the cellular immune deficiency in AIDS is not a result of deficiencies in lymphocyte ADA or PNP activity, but is more likely associated with an increase in an immature and/or activated lymphocyte subset.
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Wasinski, Frederick, Marcos F. Gregnani, Fábio H. Ornellas, Aline V. N. Bacurau, Niels O. Câmara, Ronaldo C. Araujo, and Reury F. Bacurau. "Lymphocyte Glucose and Glutamine Metabolism as Targets of the Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/326803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glucose and glutamine are important energetic and biosynthetic nutrients for T and B lymphocytes. These cells consume both nutrients at high rates in a function-dependent manner. In other words, the pathways that control lymphocyte function and survival directly control the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways. Therefore, lymphocytes in different functional states reprogram their glucose and glutamine metabolism to balance their requirement for ATP and macromolecule production. The tight association between metabolism and function in these cells was suggested to introduce the possibility of several pathologies resulting from the inability of lymphocytes to meet their nutrient demands under a given condition. In fact, disruptions in lymphocyte metabolism and function have been observed in different inflammatory, metabolic, and autoimmune pathologies. Regular physical exercise and physical activity offer protection against several chronic pathologies, and this benefit has been associated with the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of exercise/physical activity. Chronic exercise induces changes in lymphocyte functionality and substrate metabolism. In the present review, we discuss whether the beneficial effects of exercise on lymphocyte function in health and disease are associated with modulation of the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways.
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Moriguchi, S., J. C. Jacksont, and R. R. Watson. "Effects of Retinoids on Human Lymphocyte Functions in vitro." Human Toxicology 4, no. 4 (July 1985): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718500400402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1 E-Rosette formation in vitro, lymphocyte mitogenesis and natural killer (NK) activity of human blood lymphocytes were strongly inhibited by high concentration (10 -4 M) of retinol or retinal. Other retinoids at 10-4 M (retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid) and lower concentrations (10-7 or 10-9 M) of retinol, retinal and carotenes also inhibited E-rosette formation. 2 Lymphocyte transformation responses induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were also inhibited while NK activity was not affected. 3 There was a remarkable depression of the total number of viable lymphocytes after incubation with retinol or retinal 10-4 M. However, other retinoids, 10-7 and 10-9 M of retinol and retinal and carotenes did not show marked decrease of lymphocyte number or viability even after prolonged incubation (48 h). 4 The mechanism of inhibition by retinol or retinal (10-4 M) is due in part to the decrease of viable lymphocytes. It is unclear how other retinoids, carotenes and lower concentrations (10-7 or 10-9 M) of retinol or retinal inhibit E-rosette formation or lymphocyte transformation.
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Deem, Tracy L., and Joan M. Cook-Mills. "Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) activation of endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinases: role of reactive oxygen species." Blood 104, no. 8 (October 15, 2004): 2385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-02-0665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Lymphocytes bound at endothelial cell junctions extravasate within minutes. Lymphocyte-endothelial cell binding is mediated by receptors such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in minutes, and this activity is required for VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. In this report, we examined mechanisms for activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. Lymphocyte binding to VCAM-1 rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs on the endothelial cells but not on the lymphocytes blocked VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration across endothelial cells. The activation of endothelial cell MMPs required VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cell NADPH oxidase activity as determined by scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by pharmacologic or antisense inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Exogenous addition of 1 μM H2O2, the level of H2O2 generated by VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cells, rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. In contrast, activation of lymphocyte-associated MMPs was delayed by hours after binding to VCAM-1, and this activation was blocked by inhibition of endothelial cell ROS generation. There was also a delay in H2O2-induced decrease in lymphocyte-associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), resulting in an increase in MMP/TIMP ratio. In summary, this is the first report of a mechanism for ROS function in VCAM-1 activation of endothelial cell MMPs during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration.
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Azizah, Iis Nur, and Aji Winanta. "In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Fig Fruit Ethanol Extract (Ficus carica Linn) against Phagocytosis Macrophages and Lymphocyte Proliferation." Majalah Obat Tradisional 27, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.70128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a natural product that potentially can improve the immune system because it has flavonoids that have the potential as immunostimulants. The research aims to determine the possibility of fig fruit ethanol extract as an immunomodulator. Immunomodulatory activity is determined by knowing the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and the levels of flavonoids in the extract. The research began with extraction, and then the sample was tested with TLC and colorimetry methods. Furthermore, the sample in the immunomodulatory activity test in vitro was measured through the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. In the phagocytosis activity test, macrophage cells were given samples in various concentrations and latex beads. The number of activated macrophages and the number of latex phagocyted by the macrophage is then calculated. For tests of lymphocyte proliferation activity, lymphocyte cells were sampled with different concentrations and induced hepatitis B vaccine. Then the cell absorbance was read with an Elisa reader at 550nm wavelength. The study results found that the samples contained flavonoid compounds, and the total flavonoid levels obtained were 0.74±0.01 mgEQ/g samples. The immunomodulatory activity showed that the sample increased phagocytosis activity of macrophages compared to cell control. The lymphocyte proliferation test produced stimulation index<2 values, showing no effect on the proliferation of lymphocytes. This study indicated that fig fruit ethanol extract could increase the phagocytosis activity of macrophage cells but did not affect the proliferation of lymphocyte cells in vitro.
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Miyatake, Shin-Ichi, Haruhiko Kikuchi, Kohichi Iwasaki, Junkoh Yamashita, Yuzirou Namba, and Masao Hanaoka. "Specific cytotoxic activity of T lymphocyte clones derived from a patient with gliosarcoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 5 (November 1988): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
✓ Eleven lymphocyte clones were established from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with gliosarcoma by means of autologous tumor stimulation and the limiting-dilution technique with recombinant interleukin-2. Ten of the 11 clones were cytotoxic against the autologous tumor cell line GI-1. Seven of the 10 clones were also cytotoxic against allogeneic brain-tumor lines and HeLa cells, one clone was cytotoxic against several target cells, and two clones were specifically cytotoxic against GI-1 and allogeneic brain-tumor cells. One of the 11 clones was not cytotoxic against any target cells tested. Lymphokine-activated killer cells induced by recombinant interleukin-2 alone exhibited cytotoxic activity against all target tumor cells tested. Surface phenotypic analysis revealed that all lymphocyte clones expressed CD3 antigen, some expressed CD4 antigen, and others expressed CD8 antigen. These clones seemed to be antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. Analysis with these antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones may be useful in the elucidation of tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens on autologous tumor cells.
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Di Credico, Andrea, Giulia Gaggi, Pascal Izzicupo, Ines Bucci, and Angela Di Baldassarre. "Resveratrol Enhances the Cytotoxic Activity of Lymphocytes from Menopausal Women." Antioxidants 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121914.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutraceuticals and functional foods are the main sources of antioxidants and have positive effects on health through regulation of the redox balance. Accordingly, they represent a useful nutritional source for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Menopausal women have an increased risk of developing NCDs due to hormonal dysregulation and the ongoing aging process. Accordingly, a healthy lifestyle and good nutritional habits are of utmost importance in this population. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol, and it is used as a nutraceutical given its estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of RSV on the lymphocyte cytotoxicity in menopausal women. Lymphocytes from 13 healthy menopausal women (56.18 ± 4.24 years) were isolated, and then cocultured with hTERT-HME1, a breast cell line with a precancerous phenotype. The results showed that, when treated with RSV, lymphocytes significantly increased the TNF-α production (p < 0.001), the formation of immune synapses (p = 0.009), and the target cell lysis (p = 0.002). No effects were detected in the lymphocyte total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, RSV might enhance the immune surveillance in menopausal women by increasing the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes.
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Cabrero, J. Román, Juan M. Serrador, Olga Barreiro, María Mittelbrunn, Salvador Naranjo-Suárez, Noa Martín-Cófreces, Miguel Vicente-Manzanares, et al. "Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Is Regulated by Histone Deacetylase 6, Independently of Its Deacetylase Activity." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 8 (August 2006): 3435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, the role of HDAC6, a type II histone deacetylase with tubulin deacetylase activity, in lymphocyte polarity, motility, and transmigration was explored. HDAC6 was localized at dynamic subcellular structures as leading lamellipodia and the uropod in migrating T-cells. However, HDAC6 activity did not appear to be involved in the polarity of migrating lymphocytes. Overexpression of HDAC6 in freshly isolated lymphocytes and T-cell lines increased the lymphocyte migration mediated by chemokines and their transendothelial migration under shear flow. Accordingly, the knockdown of HDAC6 expression in T-cells diminished their chemotactic capability. Additional experiments with HDAC6 inhibitors (trichostatin, tubacin), other structural related molecules (niltubacin, MAZ-1391), and HDAC6 dead mutants showed that the deacetylase activity of HDAC6 was not involved in the modulatory effect of this molecule on cell migration. Our results indicate that HDAC6 has an important role in the chemotaxis of T-lymphocytes, which is independent of its tubulin deacetylase activity.
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Amento, E. P., J. T. Kurnick, and S. M. Krane. "Interleukin 1 production by the human monocyte cell line U937 requires a lymphokine induction signal distinct from interleukin 2 or interferons." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.1.350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A soluble product from cloned human T lymphocytes is capable of stimulating U937 cells, a line of human monocytes, to produce interleukin 1 (IL 1). We previously reported that U937 cells exposed to T lymphocyte-conditioned medium secrete mononuclear cell factor (MCF), which increases collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by adherent rheumatoid synovial cells. Whereas structural and functional homologies between lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF, or IL 1) and MCF were described, previous attempts to measure LAF secretion by lymphokine-stimulated U937 cells were unsuccessful. Although the crude supernatants of cultured U937 cells exposed to medium from lectin-stimulated peripheral blood or cloned T lymphocytes contained MCF activity, no LAF activity was detected. After these crude supernatants were chromatographed on Ultrogel AcA54, however, and the fractions were individually assayed for IL 1, MCF and LAF activities were coeluted with apparent m.w. approximately 14,000 to 23,000. The inability to detect LAF activity in the unfractionated medium was accounted for by an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation present in fractions of higher m.w. The T lymphocyte product that stimulated U937 cell maturation and monokine production was secreted in response to lectin-stimulation in a dose-dependent fashion. Although we have previously demonstrated that the hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 caused maturational changes in U937 cells, and other investigators have reported effects of alpha and gamma interferon, these changes are dissociable from IL 1 production. Thus, a distinct lymphocyte-derived signal, necessary for the production of IL 1 by U937 cells, can be identified and dissociated from other biologic products that cause "maturational" changes. The detection of LAF activity in U937 cell supernatants requires the removal of an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation.
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LALVANI, Ajit, and Adrian V. S. HILL. "Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against malaria and tuberculosis: from natural immunity to vaccine design*." Clinical Science 95, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the liver stage of Plasmodium falciparum are intracellular pathogens which are potentially susceptible to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, a crucial component of the protective immune response to viral infections. Evidence from animal models points to a protective role for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against M. tuberculosis and P. falciparum, but cytotoxic T-lymphocytes specific for these pathogens have been difficult to identify in man. 2.Using a reverse immunogenetic approach, candidate epitopes from selected antigens of P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis were used to detect peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in individuals exposed to these pathogens. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was detected by the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and a sensitive ELISPOT assay for single-cell interferon-γ release. 3.In naturally exposed, partially immune Africans in The Gambia, eight largely conserved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in P. falciparum, restricted by several different HLA class I alleles, were identified. Several epitopes were also recognized in Tanzanians and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognized endogenously processed antigen. 4.In tuberculosis patients with HLA-B52, a CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope was identified in ESAT-6, a secreted antigen specific for M. tuberculosis complex but absent in BCG. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes exhibited HLA-B52-restricted peptide-specific interferon-γ release and lytic activity and recognized endogenously processed antigen. 5.These studies demonstrate that CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes specific for mycobacterial and protozoal antigens are induced during natural infections in humans. The identification of these T-cells endorses current strategies to develop cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-inducing vaccines against P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis and highlights candidate antigens for inclusion in subunit vaccines.
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Komakh, Yu A., S. A. Borzenok, S. V. Petrichuk, D. G. Kuptsova, and T. V. Radigina. "Metabolic therapy of predicted complications in immunocompromised recipients before repeated corneal transplantation." Russian Journal of Immunology 24, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1076-mto.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the topical problems of modern ophthalmotransplantology is the graft engraftment after repeated keratoplasty. During repeated corneal transplantation, the frequency of graft rejection increases significantly. The study included 121 patients aged 19 to 89 years with corneal graft failure, who were scheduled for repeated corneal transplantation. Immunophenotyping of major and small populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry (CytoFlex BC, USA). The intensity of energy metabolism in lymphocyte populations was determined by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase by immunocytochemical method using flow cytometry. An increase in the content of B lymphocytes (p = 0.004) and a decrease in Th17 lymphocytes (p = 0.013) were revealed after the use of a course of metabolic therapy. Against the background of therapy, the activity of SDH in the T lymphocyte population significantly increases (p = 0.034). In addition, in the studied populations of lymphocytes in the recipient group, against the background of metabolic therapy, the normalization of SDH activity is observed: the number of recipients with low and high enzyme activity decreases. After a course of metabolic therapy, a significant decrease in NADHDH activity was revealed (p = 0.034). Indicators of lymphocyte populations and mitochondrial enzyme activity in recipients after a course of metabolic therapy indicated a more favorable prognosis for repeated corneal transplantation. Evaluation of the results of repeated keratoplasty a year after surgery showed that 59 recipients received transparent graft engraftment, and in 62 patients the graft became cloudy in the period from 1 to 8 months after surgery. In the group of patients with transparent graft engraftment, the percentage of recipients receiving metabolic therapy was significantly higher than in the group of recipients with graft opacity (41%±2.05% vs 21%±2.91%, p 0.001). Conducting metabolic therapy before surgery reduces the number of realized unfavorable prognoses of the result of rekeratoplasty, and monitoring the activity of dehydrogenases and the content of lymphocyte populations allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures in immunocompromised recipients.
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Borrow, P., A. Tishon, and M. B. Oldstone. "Infection of lymphocytes by a virus that aborts cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and establishes persistent infection." Journal of Experimental Medicine 174, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.174.1.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For viruses to establish persistent infections in their hosts, they must possess some mechanism for evading clearance by the immune system. When inoculated into adult immunocompetent mice, wild-type lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV ARM) induces a CD8(+)-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response that clears the infection within 7-14 d (CTL+ [P-]). By contrast, variant viruses isolated from lymphoid tissues of persistently infected mice fail to induce a CTL response and are thus able to establish a persistent infection in adult mice (CTL- [P+]). This report compares the interaction of CTL+ (P-) and CTL- (P+) viruses with cells of the immune system. Both types of virus initially bind to 2-4% of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and replicate within cells of both subsets. The replication of CTL- (P+) and CTL+ (P-) viruses in lymphocytes in vivo is similar for the first 5 d after initiating infection. Thereafter, in mice infected with CTL- (P+) variants, lymphocytes retain viral genetic information, and infectious virus can be recovered throughout the animals' lives. In contrast, when adult mice are infected with wild-type CTL+ (P-) LCMV ARM, virus is not recovered from lymphocytes for greater than 7 d after infection. A CD8(+)-mediated anti-LCMV CTL response is induced in such mice. Clearance of infected lymphocytes is produced by these LCMV-specific CTLs, as shown by their ability to lyse lymphocytes expressing LCMV determinants in vitro and the fact that depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes before infection with CTL+ (P-) viruses results in levels of infected lymphocytes similar to those found in undepleted CTL- (P+)-infected mice. Hence, CTL-mediated lysis of T lymphocytes carrying infectious virus is a critical factor determining whether virus persists or the infection is terminated.
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Spencer, Juliet V., and Thomas J. Braciale. "Incomplete Cd8+ T Lymphocyte Differentiation as a Mechanism for Subdominant Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to a Viral Antigen." Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 1687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.10.1687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Class I epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on the magnitude of the CTL response to the epitope. In this report, we have examined the in vitro memory CTL response of H-2d haplotype murine CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for a dominant and subdominant epitope of influenza hemagglutinin using activation marker expression and staining with soluble tetrameric MHC–peptide complexes. Immune CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for the dominant HA204-210 epitope give rise to CTL effectors that display activation markers, stain with the HA204 tetramer, and exhibit effector functions (i.e., cytolytic activity and cytokine synthesis). In contrast, stimulation of memory CD8+ T lymphocytes directed to the subdominant HA210-219 epitope results in the generation of a large population of activated CD8+ T cells that exhibit weak cytolytic activity and fail to stain with the HA210 tetramer. After additional rounds of restimulation with antigen, the HA210-219–specific subdominant CD8+ T lymphocytes give rise to daughter cells that acquire antigen-specific CTL effector activity and transition from a HA210 tetramer–negative to a tetramer-positive phenotype. These results suggest a novel mechanism to account for weak CD8+ CTL responses to subdominant epitopes at the level of CD8+ T lymphocyte differentiation into effector CTL. The implications of these findings for CD8+ T lymphocyte activation are discussed.
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Kuta, A. E., and L. L. Baum. "C-reactive protein is produced by a small number of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 164, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.164.1.321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biosynthetic labeling with [35S]met and immunoprecipitation with anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies and Staphylococcus aureus indicate that cell surface CRP is produced by lymphocytes. The ability of anti-CRP to reduce NK activity, and the demonstration that 125I-anti-CRP-labeled PBL are found in low-density Percoll fractions associated with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) and NK activity suggest that S-CRP-bearing cells are NK effectors. The production of S-CRP by LGL supports this hypothesis. While lymphocytes were shown to synthesize S-CRP, monocytes produced no detectable S-CRP. The lymphocytes that produce S-CRP apparently do not secrete it; when lymphocyte culture supernatants were tested, no S-CRP was found. This is the first description of extrahepatic synthesis of CRP.
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Haga, Yoshio, Margaret A. Tempero, and Rowen K. Zetterman. "Unconjugated bilirubin inhibits in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity of human lymphocytes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1317, no. 1 (October 1996): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4439(96)00039-7.
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Fleischer, Vinzenz, Michaela Friedrich, Ayman Rezk, Ulrike Bühler, Esther Witsch, Timo Uphaus, Stefan Bittner, et al. "Treatment response to dimethyl fumarate is characterized by disproportionate CD8+ T cell reduction in MS." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 24, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517703799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on circulating lymphocyte subsets and their contribution as predictors of clinical efficacy have not yet been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets (analyzed 6 months after DMF start) in MS patients with and without disease activity after 1 year of treatment in a retrospective study. Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Untreated MS patients ( n = 40) were compared to those 6 months after onset of DMF treatment ( n = 51). Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity of DMF-treated patients were assessed in the first year under treatment. Results: Stable patients showed significantly lower lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD19+ B cells compared to active patients under DMF treatment. Furthermore, an increased CD4/CD8 ratio ( p < 0.025) in stable patients indicated a disproportionate reduction of CD8+ T cells relative to CD4+ T cells. Reduced lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells 6 months after DMF start allowed prediction of the treatment response in the first year. Conclusion: DMF treatment response is reflected by lower circulating lymphocytes and specific lymphocyte subsets. Changes in the cellular immune profiles under DMF treatment are clinically relevant and might serve as a surrogate marker of treatment response.
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Nielsen, H. B., N. H. Secher, M. Kappel, and B. K. Pedersen. "N-acetylcysteine does not affect the lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity responses to exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): R1227—R1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.4.r1227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates the reduced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity responses to exercise in humans. Fourteen oarsmen were double-blind randomized to either NAC (6 g daily for 3 days) or placebo groups. During 6-min “all-out” ergometer rowing, the concentration of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased, with no significant difference between NAC and placebo as reflected in lymphocyte subsets: CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells. The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 9,112 ± 2,865 to 5,851 ± 1,588 cpm ( P < 0.05), but it was not affected by NAC. During exercise, the NK cell activity was elevated from 17 ± 3 to 38 ± 4% and it decreased to 7 ± 1% below the resting value 2 h into recovery. Yet, when evaluated as lytic units per CD16+ cell, the NK cell activity decreased during and after exercise without a significant effect of NAC. We conclude that NAC does not attenuate the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity associated with intense exercise.
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Bargatze, R. F., and E. C. Butcher. "Rapid G protein-regulated activation event involved in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules." Journal of Experimental Medicine 178, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.1.367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The homing of blood borne lymphocytes into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is mediated in part by recognition and binding to specialized high endothelial venules (HEV). Here we demonstrate that a rapid pertussis toxin-sensitive lymphocyte activation event can participate in lymphocyte recognition of HEV. In situ video microscopic analyses of lymphocyte interactions with HEV in exteriorized mouse Peyer's patches reveal that pertussis toxin has no effect on an initial "rolling" displayed by many lymphocytes, but inhibits an activation-dependent "sticking" event required for lymphocyte arrest. This is the first demonstration that physiologic lymphocyte-endothelial interactions can involve sequential rolling, activation, and activation-dependent arrest, previously shown only for neutrophils. The inhibitory effect of the toxin is dependent on its G protein-modifying ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and can be reversed by phorbol myristic acetate, which bypasses cell surface receptors to trigger activation-dependent adhesion. Lymphocyte sticking can occur within 1-3 s after initiation of rolling. We conclude that a rapid receptor-mediated activation event involving G protein signaling can trigger stable lymphocyte attachment to HEV in vivo, and may play a critical role in regulating lymphocyte homing.
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Trueblood, Esther S., Wendy C. Brown, Guy H. Palmer, William C. Davis, Diana M. Stone, and Terry F. McElwain. "B-Lymphocyte Proliferation during Bovine Leukemia VirusInduced Persistent Lymphocytosis Is Enhanced by T-Lymphocyte-Derived Interleukin-2." Journal of Virology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 3169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.4.3169-3177.1998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-induced persistent lymphocytosis is characterized by a polyclonal expansion of CD5+ B lymphocytes. To examine the role of the cytokine microenvironment in this virus-induced B-lymphocyte expansion, the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA, was measured in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persistently lymphocytotic BLV-infected cows, nonlymphocytotic BLV-infected cows, and uninfected cows. IL-2 and IL-10 mRNA expression and IL-2 functional activity were significantly increased when peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persistently lymphocytotic cows were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA). Additionally, during persistent lymphocytosis, peak IL-2 and IL-10 mRNA expression was delayed, and elevated expression was prolonged. To determine the potential biologic importance of increased IL-2 and IL-10 expression, the response of isolated B lymphocytes from persistently lymphocytotic cows to human recombinant cytokines and to cytokine-containing supernatants from isolated T lymphocytes was examined. While recombinant human IL-10 (rhIL-10) did not consistently induce detectable changes, rhIL-2 increased viral protein (p24) and IL-2 receptor expression in isolated B lymphocytes from persistently lymphocytotic cows. Additionally, rhIL-2 and supernatant from ConA-stimulated T lymphocytes enhanced B-lymphocyte proliferation. The stimulatory activity of the T-lymphocyte supernatant could be completely inhibited with a polyclonal anti-rhIL-2 antibody. Finally, polyclonal anti-rhIL-2 antibody, as well as anti-BLV antibody, inhibited spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persistently lymphocytotic cows, demonstrating that the spontaneous lymphoproliferation characteristic of BLV-induced persistent lymphocytosis is IL-2 dependent and antigen dependent. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that increased T-lymphocyte expression of IL-2 in BLV-infected cows contributes to development and/or maintenance of persistent B lymphocytosis.
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Laberge, S., W. W. Cruikshank, D. J. Beer, and D. M. Center. "Secretion of IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) from serotonin-stimulated CD8+ T cells in vitro." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.1.310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract At sites of inflammation, mononuclear cells are in close contact with aggregated platelets. Although the physiologic role of this association is not clear, this proximity suggests that platelet-derived mediators may play a role in chemoattraction of T lymphocytes. In the current study we investigated serotonin receptor-bearing lymphocyte modulation of T cell migration. Serotonin-stimulated human blood mononuclear cells secrete lymphocyte chemoattractant activity with selective activity for CD4+ T cells. This chemoattractant activity was observed within 2 h of exposure to serotonin and was blocked by serotonin type 2 receptor antagonists. Molecular sieve chromatography of supernatant from serotonin-stimulated PBMCs revealed a single peak of T cell chemoattractant activity with an apparent molecular mass of 56 kDa and a pl of 9.1. Neutralizing experiments with specific mAbs indicated that the serotonin-induced chemotactic factor was the previously characterized lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF), recently designated IL-16. Serotonin induced secretion of IL-16 from CD8+, not CD4+, T cells which did not require the de novo protein synthesis. These studies suggest that serotonin, via serotonin type 2 receptors, may promote the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes into an inflammatory focus.
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Greer, Wenda L., Elizabeth Higgins, D. Robert Sutherland, Abraham Novogrodsky, Inka Brockhausen, Monica Peacocke, Laurence A. Rubin, Michael Baker, James W. Dennis, and Katherine A. Siminovitch. "Altered expression of leucocyte sialoglycoprotein in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is associated with a specific defect in O-glycosylation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immune deficiency disorder characterized clinically by both lymphocyte and platelet dysfunction. Studies of WAS T lymphocytes have revealed deficient or defective cell surface expression of the highly O-glycosylated leucocyte sialoglycoprotein CD43. To further elucidate the basis for, and functional relevance of, CD43 modifications on WAS lymphocytes, we have studied lymphocytes from two WAS patients with regard to membrane glycoprotein profile and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. CD43 was found to be either absent or altered in size on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lectin-stimulated T cells from both patients. Compared with control cells, the WAS lymphocytes displayed reduced, but measurable proliferative responses to lectins and neuraminidase/galactose oxidase, and virtually no response to periodate, a mitogenic agent which targets sialic acid residues on membrane glycoproteins such as CD43. Analysis of activities of three glycosyltransferases involved in O-glycosylation revealed marked reduction in the level of activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: Galβ1-3GalNAc-R β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β-1,6-GlcNAc) transferase in one WAS patient and no detectable activity of this enzyme in a second. β-1,6-GlcNAc transferase activity has recently been shown to increase during T cell activation coincident with changes in the O-linked glycans on CD43. A selective reduction of this glycosyltransferase in WAS lymphocytes suggests that O-linked oligosaccharides may be important to the structure of membrane glycoproteins involved in lymphocyte activation.Key words: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, immune deficiency, O-glycosylation, glycosyltransferase, lymphocyte activation.
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Kim, Sung Jun, Ji Hyun Lee, Seong Man Kim, Min Gi Park, Su Ho Park, Dong Kyu Kim, Ji Yeon Hwang, Joon Sul Choi, and Suk Ki Park. "Relationship between Neutrophil-lymphocyte, Platelet-lymphocyte Ratio and Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity." Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 23, no. 2 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2016.23.2.96.
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Levkut, M., J. Pistl, V. Revajová, J. Chroma, M. Levkutová, and V. Dávid. "Comparison of immune parameters in cows with normal and prolonged involution time of uterus." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 10 - 11 (March 30, 2012): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5835-vetmed.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indices of cellular immunity in postpartum Holsteincows with the normal (n = 9) and prolonged (n = 4) uterine involution time were evaluated. Peripheral white blood cells were isolated by lysis from postpartum animals. An indirect immunofluorescence method for staining and flow cytometric analysis was employed to determine the cell subpopulation of lymphocytes. The function assays were also used to examine the activity of lymphocytes and phagocytes. A significant decrease in the lymphocyte absolute number, and subpopulation of T (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+), and B (IgM+) cells in dams with postparturient complications and prolonged uterine involution time was observed. The quantitative changes of immune cells were accompanied by a significant decline of phagocyte functional activity in an iodo-nitro-tetrazolium reductase test and polyclonal lymphocyte activation to phytohemagglutinin in a leukocyte migration-inhibition assay. In conclusion, a significant decrease in the lymphocyte absolute number and subpopulation of T (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+), and B (IgM+) cells was observed and the host defense role of phagocytes and lymphocytes was impaired in cows with prolonged uterine involution, which can increase their susceptibility to infections.
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Asmah, Richard Harry, Pomah Sackey, Patrick Adjei, Timothy N. Archampong, Seth Attoh, Derek Doku, Marjorie Quarchie, Felix Botchway, David Adedia, and Eric Sampene Donkor. "Haematological Indices and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Ghanaian Stroke Patients." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1203120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Stroke is a cardiovascular disorder causing mortality globally and long-lasting harm worldwide. The disease occurs when the blood flow to the brain is either interrupted or blocked. This disruption leads to the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. The superoxide radicals are removed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme. In this work, we investigated haematological indices and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in Ghanaian patients with stroke and healthy control participants. Materials and Methods. Thirty stroke patients attending a stroke clinic and thirty apparently healthy control participants were recruited into the study. Blood samples were collected to determine haematological indices and SOD enzyme activity in red blood cells. Results. The stroke patients had significantly high blood parameters such as white blood cell ( p < 0.001 ), neutrophil ( p < 0.001 ), lymphocyte ( p = 0.003 ), and eosinophil ( p < 0.001 ) comparing with study participants without stroke, who were the control group in the study. Other blood parameters such as red blood cell, ( p < 0.001 ), haemoglobin ( p < 0.001 ), and haematocrit ( p < 0.001 ) levels and mean cell haemoglobin concentration ( p = 0.030 ), platelet ( p = 0.010 ), and plateletcrit ( p = 0.027 ) were high in stroke patients comparing with study control participants and statistically significant. Blood lymphocyte levels observed in stroke patients correlated negatively and significantly with SOD activity levels. SOD activity levels were significantly lower in stroke patients compared with the control group ( p < 0.001 ). Low values of the antioxidant enzyme SOD activity levels, lymphocytes, and high values of plateletcrit were significant predictors of stroke. Conclusion. Haematological parameters such as WBC, lymphocyte, platelet levels, and red cell indices were significantly different in the stroke patients being studied. There was negative correlation between lymphocyte significantly with SOD activity and high oxidative stress in stroke patients compared with the control group. Lymphocytes and plateletcrit levels were also good predictors of the occurrence of stroke.
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Waickman, Adam T., Heather Friberg, Richard Jarman, and Jeffrey R. Currier. "Metabolic activity as a surrogate marker of immune cell activation following vaccination." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 125.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.125.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The identification and quantification of lymphocytes activated in response to vaccination is a critical first step in characterizing the efficacy of any candidate vaccine platform. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by monitoring the upregulation of defined activation markers on circulating lymphocytes by flow cytometry, or the measuring the production of effector cytokines following ex vivo stimulation. However, there is significant variability in both the kinetics and magnitude of activation marker up-regulation or cytokine production following stimulation even within the same type of lymphocyte. Therefore, traditional methodologies for identifying activated lymphocytes may offer a significantly skewed perspective on exactly which immune cells are responding to vaccination or natural infection. Herein, we examine the utility of measuring metabolic activity of circulating lymphocytes as a marker of activation following immunization with a live-attenuated dengue vaccine. Unlike any other marker, upregulation of metabolic activity is a universal indicator of lymphocyte activation which can be detected quickly after stimulation and persists throughout the functional stage of an immune response. We examine several methods of monitoring the metabolic state of both T cells and NK cells following immunization, and compare the size and diversity of the immune response generated relative to standard phenotyping protocols.
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Gundersen, D., C. Trân-Thang, B. Sordat, F. Mourali, and C. Rüegg. "Plasmin-induced proteolysis of tenascin-C: modulation by T lymphocyte-derived urokinase-type plasminogen activator and effect on T lymphocyte adhesion, activation, and cell clustering." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 3 (February 1, 1997): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.3.1051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Proteolysis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix occur physiologically in processes such as tissue morphogenesis and repair and may participate in the regulation of complex cell functions, including proliferation and differentiation. While matrix degradation appears to be relevant to T lymphocyte migration through tissues, little is known about whether degraded matrix affects T lymphocyte function. We have studied the interaction between T lymphocytes and tenascin-C (TN-C), a matrix protein we have previously reported to inhibit T lymphocyte activation, in the context of plasmin-induced degradation. Here we report that plasmin efficiently cleaves TN-C. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol ester, anti-CD28, or anti-CD3 Ab, induce, within 24 to 48 h, a strong plasminogen-dependent proteolysis of TN-C. We demonstrate that stimulated T lymphocytes activate plasminogen by secreting the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Plasminogen activation by T lymphocyte-derived u-PA occurs efficiently in fluid phase in the absence of cells. We investigate the consequences of plasmin-induced proteolysis on three of the effects of TN-C in relation to lymphocyte functions. Plasmin proteolysis converts TN-C from a nonadhesive into an adhesive substrate for T lymphocytes and abolishes its aggregating activity on PBMC. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of TN-C on T lymphocyte activation remains unaffected. These observations demonstrate that stimulated T lymphocytes induce plasminogen-dependent proteolysis of TN-C by secreting u-PA and suggest that proteolysis of TN-C may represent a mechanism by which to regulate some of its effects on T lymphocyte functions.
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Yamamoto, H., M. Hirayama, C. Genyea, and J. Kaplan. "TGF-beta mediates natural suppressor activity of IL-2-activated lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 8 (April 15, 1994): 3842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.3842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In addition to generating cells with non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic activity that is characteristic of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, in vitro cultures of lymphocytes with relatively high concentrations of IL-2 generate cells that simultaneously exhibit two distinct types of suppressor activities: veto, the ability of cells to specifically suppress generation of allo-CTL against their own histocompatibility Ags; and natural suppression, the ability of these same cells to nonspecifically suppress the generation of allo-CTL against both their own and unrelated cell surface Ags. In contrast to veto, which is known to require cell-cell contact between veto-active cells and precursors of CTL, natural suppression is known to be mediated by soluble factors. To identify and characterize suppressor factors that might mediate the natural suppressor activity of IL-2-activated lymphocytes, murine spleen cells were cultured with 1000 U/ml IL-2, and, after varying periods of incubation, their LAK cytolytic activity and natural suppressor activity was determined and cell supernatants were collected and tested for their effects on mixed lymphocyte culture-induced generation of allo-CTL. Like the IL-2-activated lymphocytes themselves, supernatants of these cells nonspecifically inhibited mixed lymphocyte culture-induced generation of allo-CTL. Rabbit anti-TGF-beta specifically neutralized the suppressive effects of both LAK cell supernatants and the IL-2-activated lymphocytes themselves. These findings indicate that TGF-beta is the primary mediator of the natural suppressor activity of IL-2-activated lymphocytes.
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Ohkawa, Kentaroh, Kimiyo Yamasaki, Ryuta Haraguchi, Mitsuo Ohishi, and Shigenori Nakajima. "Lymphocyte Phosphodiesterase Activity in Bronchial Asthma." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 44, no. 6 (1993): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.44.449.
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