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Статті в журналах з теми "Luxury wares"
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Kucharczyk, Renata. "Come and dine with me... Early Roman luxury glass tableware from Berenike — new evidence from the harbor area and the trash dumps." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The harbor of Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt was a major transit point in the long-distance trade of luxury commodities between the Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean Basin. The heyday of the commerce and the prosperity of the port lasted from the 1st to the mid-2nd century AD. A huge quantity of commodities passed through the port, imported not only for the purpose of exchange, but also for self-consumption. Glassware was among them. The high proportion of wares of high quality and exceptional esthetic value is quite extraordinary, even by modern standards. These wares highlight the position of Berenike in the trade, but they also showcase the city’s wealth and the great demand for luxury glass that existed there in the first centuries of the Roman Empire
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Peck, Linda Levy. "Luxury and War: Reconsidering Luxury Consumption in Seventeenth-Century England." Albion 34, no. 1 (2002): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the horrific bombings of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and the declaration of war against terrorism, policy makers have repeatedly urged us to spend. The Federal Reserve cut interest rates to encourage home sales and purchase of “big-ticket” items. New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani suggests that we travel, go shopping, seek entertainment, attend plays, rather than, as in World War II, buy bonds, recycle tin, and ration consumer goods.Yet the current connection of luxury and war frames a historical paradox. Medieval and early modern prescriptive literatures link luxury not with times of war but with peace leading to decadence. The de-moralization of the idea of luxury, historians of consumption argue, only took place in the later seventeenth century when writers such as Nicholas Barbon and Bernard Mandeville recognized the importance of luxury to the economy. Eighteenth-century luxury consumption, fueled by new wants and new wares purchased by middle-class consumers, it is argued, marked a sharp departure from the court centered consumption of previous centuries.
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Gerritsen, Anne. "Porcelain and the Material Culture of the Mongol-Yuan Court." Journal of Early Modern History 16, no. 3 (2012): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006512x644793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper offers a re-evaluation of the significance of porcelain during the Yuan dynasty by analyzing a type of ceramics known as luanbai or shufu wares. These matt white porcelains, sometimes inscribed with the characters shu and fu, have generally been seen as official wares, manufactured on the orders of the highest echelons of the Yuan central government and classified as high-quality luxury wares associated with the imperial court. This paper proposes that this conventional interpretation is misleading. Instead of understanding luanbai wares as part of the narrative of ceramics manufacture and the history of porcelain, I explore their relevance by situating them in the context of Yuan-dynasty material culture more broadly, court-sponsored craft manufactures, and the practice of inscribing objects. This approach reveals a different story, highlighting the absence of court control over ceramic production, the ensuing freedom to experiment locally with new ceramic production methods, and the significance of the demands of consumers in territories outside Yuan China.
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Raudatun Sumi and Zuhrinal M Nawawi. "STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG MUSLIM MELALUI USAHA PENJUALAN PAKET DATA." Journal of Management and Creative Business 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30640/jmcbus.v1i1.418.
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Trading activity is an activity that was previously practiced by the Prophet Muhammad SAW which is still being carried out by all mankind, starting from selling primary needs to luxury needs. To achieve the desired profit in the business world, it is necessary to carry out a strategy in practice, so that you can compete with other traders without having to do the wrong thing. As a trader, you don't just sell your wares, you need skills in managing finances and managing a good marketing system. This study aims to find out what strategies must be carried out by traders, especially Muslim traders to increase income from the previous one. The type of method used in this study is a qualitative method using two data collection techniques, namely literature study and observation.
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Taxel, I. "Luxury and common wares: socio-economic aspects of the distribution of glazed pottery in Early Islamic Palestine." Levant 46, no. 1 (April 2014): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0075891413z.00000000036.
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Tamarkin, Elisa. "The Chestnuts of Edwin Austin Abbey: History Painting and the Transference of Culture in Turn–of–the–Century America." Prospects 24 (October 1999): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000442.
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When edwin austin abbey, with eleven other artists and all the ritual of a new male order — round table, cob pipes, stone bottles of cider — founded the Tile Club in 1877, his sobriquet was “The Chestnut.” If not boating down the Erie Canal or on holiday in Easthampton, the men would make tiles for the home, ceramic wares of Shakespeare or rustics and florals, in the style of William Morris and his decorative arts. Twenty years before Charles Eliot Norton's Society of Arts and Crafts, such Tilers as Abbey, Augustus Saint–Gaudens, and Elihu Vedder would draw on the same crafts ideal, namely, an aesthetic for hard work and the “simple” productions of artisanal labor as an antidote to urban luxury. The club would find in guild fraternalism a weekly hobby, twelve men with sardines and crackers, noms de plume and seals, to revive a handicraft seen as both republican in its ethic and fashionably medieval. If modern life meant the enervation of Veblen's foppish and leisured class, the Tile Club was an authentically male pastime.
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El-Diwany, Tariq. "Global Trap." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i1.2208.
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This book presents a most readable perspective on economic and social trendsin the coming century. Though retaining a European focus throughout, the materialspans the world and supports arguments that are of relevance to individualsin whichever continent they may live. The authors describe an incessant marchtoward globalization in finance and industry, a march that is forcing politicalchange upon a Europe that is simply unprepared, a march toward the GlobalTrap.Opening the book, the reader finds himself in San Francisco’s Fairmont Hotel,an oasis of luxury in a desert of mere wealth, where the world’s leading thinkersand elder statesmen have gathered to discuss the future of our planet for anappropriate fee. A most plausible economic horror story follows. In the not-toodistantfuture, machines will replace humans in so many spheres of industry thatthere will be sufficient work for only 20 percent of the developed world’s population.In this 2080 society the 20 percent shall surround themselves with electronicsecurity and wire fences and the 80 percent will be doped with welfarepayments, trivial game shows, and other such “tittytainment.” Amusing catchphrasesspice Global Trap, trivializing yet somehow succeeding in summarizinga whole worldview. One immediately recognizes “MacWorld versus Jihad”as the much predicted confrontation between free market capitalism and Islam.The authors’ main concerns are expounded in a serious manner. They discussthe nature of the massive modem conglomerate whose control lies beyond thereach of national government. Moving their production to the least expensivelocations, these seemingly anonymous entities by default produce their wares inthose countries where environmental protection and employee rights are at aminimum. In another discussion, one’s attention is turned to the speculatorwhose activity impacts upon so many significant areas of modem life.Much attention is paid to the rapidly widening gap between the rich world andthe poor world, a gap which threatens the survival of both. In a sobering portrayalof one possible European future, the barriers are raised against floods ofcheap imports and of immigrants wishing’that they too could share the livingstandards of the rich world. But the immigrant finds himself in the midst of adifferent kind of economic nightmare, a world in which life on a human scale isno longer possible or profitable. in which the individual is enslaved in mortgagedebt, works at maximum output, or, does not work at all. Feeling that they nolonger have a voice in their own destiny, the indigenous population turns towardradical political solutions, toward the protectionist, the xenophobe, and the fascistDoes any of this sound familiar? Of course, the genre of doom and gloom hasa long pedigree, but this is not intellectual pornography for those awaiting theend of the world. There is little, if any, wild extrapolation of current trends inorder to predict future despair. Instead, the authors present well-researched factto support their forecast of what might be if solutions are not found in time ...
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Strath, Janet. "The Bentley Battle: Family firm triumphs over luxury car manufacturer in trade mark dispute." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab062.
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Abstract Bentley Motors Ltd v Bentley 1962 Ltd [2020] EWCA Civ 1726, 16 December 2020 The Court of Appeal of England and Wales has upheld the decision of the High Court that the luxury car manufacturer Bentley Motors infringed registered trade marks belonging to small family-owned company Bentley Clothing, by using the identical trade mark on clothing and headgear.
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Brian, Rob. "Informing Parliament." Library Management 25, no. 1/2 (January 1, 2004): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01435120410510229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One significant feature of both old and new democracies is that their Parliaments all have parliamentary library and research services in one form or another. In a totalitarian State, parliamentary libraries appear to be an unnecessary luxury. In the developed and many developing countries the parliamentary library and research service is a vital element. Describes the workings of the library and research service of The Parliament of New South Wales and how the Members’ needs for information are met and measured.
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Wasserman, Nathan. "Treating Garments in the Old Babylonian Period: “At the Cleaners” in a Comparative View." Iraq 75 (2013): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines UET 6/2, 414, the Old Babylonian dialogue between a fuller and a client, commonly referred to as “At the Cleaners”, from the point of view of ancient technology. Drawing upon a wide range of Talmudic and Classical sources mentioning laundry, and based on a careful philological reading of the Akkadian text, this study offers a new understanding of the different stages of washing and treatment of luxury garments in the Old Babylonian period. It is argued that the possible humorous aspect of the text is irrelevant to the fact that UET 6/2, 414 is a unique composition in antiquity, offering a long and accurate sequence of laundry instructions. Washing procedures and ways of treating luxury garments in Mesopotamia are outlined step by step; new Akkadian terms pertaining to garments and clothing are presented; wages of laundry workers in ancient Mesopotamia are briefly discussed. The study concludes with a new edition and translation of UET 6/2, 414.
Дисертації з теми "Luxury wares"
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Dubuque, Elise(Elsie S. ). "Multifamily Amenity Wars : defining their current state in luxury urban markets and determining impacts of COVID-19." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020Pagination: 1-123, 142-146, 124-141. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 144-146).
This paper examines the historic, current and future state of luxury residential amenities and the popularly-called "Amenity Wars" in luxury multifamily housing. The research is based on U.S. urban markets with a special focus on Boston, Massachusetts, where the recent building boom and overall healthy economy have created an active and competitive multifamily development environment. It also aims to answer the question: how has/will COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) impact the thinking behind and programming of residential building amenities? The discussion of recent Amenity Wars trends incorporates themes such as catering to resident needs on a lifestyle level; the draw of physical amenities vs. service-oriented amenities; and demographic and market conditions that have resulted in the current state of multifamily demand.
Following is an exploration of how, as of summer 2020, the coronavirus's rapid person-to-person spread has proved particularly disruptive to the way multifamily housing operates, and how it has challenged existing perceptions about what makes for a desirable multifamily housing experience. The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic will represent a profound moment in collective memory with the power to alter not only the planning and programming of multifamily features and amenities, but luxury urban residential demand in general. As such, it is now time to rethink what the future of the Amenity Wars will look like in both the evolving new normal and long-term new normal. This paper demonstrates how, during the pandemic, innovative designs and other creative solutions have already begun to infiltrate multifamily design and construction.
It also establishes that a healthy demand for luxury urban multifamily housing is poised to remain in the long term, along with which additional notable shifts in multifamily feature and amenity programming will occur. Going forward, we should expect to see changes to physical space in the form of more spatially-adaptable buildouts that enable flexibility of use in addition to more private areas and less community focus, as well as a shift toward service over some physical amenities. Additionally, some of the most lasting effects of the pandemic will be in regard to how multifamily buildings are designed to accommodate new demands of teleworking.
by Elise Dubuque.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate
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ORSI, VALENTINA. "Persistenze e discontinuita' nella tradizione ceramica dell'Alta Mesopotamia tra la fine del Terzo e l'inizio del Secondo millennio a.C.. il contributo degli scavi di Tell Barri e Tell Mozan (Siria)." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/560486.
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Il periodo tra la fine del III e l'inizio del II millennio a.C. in Alta Mesopotamia rappresenta nella storia e nell'archeologia del Vicino Oriente Antico una 'Media Aetas', un'età oscura tra la fioritura delle culture urbane del Bronzo Antico a metà del III millennio a.C. e lo sviluppo degli stati amorrei del Bronzo Medio, alla fine del XIX sec. a.C. L'identificazione nella sequenza archeologica di Tell Barri, l'antica città di Kahat, dell'orizzonte ceramico coevo alla 'crisi urbana' che precede la diffusione della ceramica dipinta del Khabur, associata ad un nuovo fenomeno di sedentarizzazione, permette di ridefinire la cronologia degli eventi nella regione, e di delineare i processi di interazione tra le diverse realtà sociali alto mesopotamiche in quella fase formativa che sta alla base del successivo sviluppo culturale di II millennio a.C.
Книги з теми "Luxury wares"
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Alves, Jorge Manuel dos Santos., Guillot C, and Ptak Roderich, eds. Mirabilia Asiatica: Produtos raros no comércio marítimo = produits rares dans le commerce maritime = Seltene Waren im Seehandel. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003.
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Norbert, Michels, Alex Reinhard, and Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie Dessau, eds. Waren nicht des ersten Bedürfnisses, sondern des Geschmack und des Luxus: Zum 200. Gründungstag der Chalcographischen Gesellschaft Dessau. [Weimar]: Verlag H. Böhlaus Nachfolger Weimar, 1996.
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Berg, Maxine. Luxury, the Luxury Trades, and the Roots of Industrial Growth: A Global Perspective. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Luxury and its discontents have become key areas of debate on our social condition in the late twentieth and early years of the twenty-first century. Luxury has become the common parlance of advertising and branding. It is part of the upscaling of consumer aspirations, and a turning away from the mass consumerism that underpinned consumer society from the 1960s to the 1980s. Aspirations are associated with luxury and designer goods, with lifestyle choices of affluence and distinction. Manufacturers give nearly every category of good they produce a premium brand; their products signal distinction and the pursuit of status. This phenomenon of upscaling, branding, and status-seeking through consumer goods has intensified dramatically since the 1980s, but it has also been with us a very long time. This article presents a global perspective on luxury, the luxury trades, and the roots of industrial growth. It examines luxury and consumption in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, social science theory and luxury, luxury's historical context, the debates over luxury goods, luxury and the global economy, and global export ware.
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Wilson, Alan. Habits of Luxury and Ease: Country-House Technology in West Wales 1750-1930. Troubador Publishing Limited, 2016.
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Trentmann, Frank. Introduction. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0001.
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This volume follows several of the most exciting recent pathways into consumption and its history, re-examines old debates, and looks ahead to questions for future research. It looks at several rich traditions of material culture that existed prior to modernity with which consumer society is often conflated. The book examines the public as well as private face of consumption, in relation to public life and social order as well as the organization of households and social groups. It also discusses the movement of goods between societies, along with questions of global exchange and diffusion in the early modern world. The book then explores luxury and necessity, the luxury wars, patterns of possessions and diet in town and country, changes in the standard of living, the life cycle of consumption from the desire to consume in the future (saving), the use of energy to be comfortable and run things, and the politics of consumption. Finally, it considers the relationship between consumers and civil society, status, family life, generational identities, fashion, and well-being.
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Shadow Mage: (Witchling Wars: Luxra Echelon, Book 1). Independently Published, 2020.
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Suarez, Michael F. Business of Fiction. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.34.
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The eighteenth century witnessed a remarkable proliferation of print, with annual publications in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland increasing by more than 350 per cent from the first decade to the last. This chapter relates the growth in novel publishing between 1695 and 1774 to population growth and the growth in literacy. Recent research links the book trade keeping prices artificially high to readers’ consumption of novels as luxury products and evidence of social status. This trend is considered, along with remuneration for authors; the market for fiction; Irish reprints; continuations and spin-offs; abridgements and serializations; translations; circulating libraries; and the significance of book history to understanding the emergence and development of the novel.
Частини книг з теми "Luxury wares"
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van der Merwe, Katrien. "Riding the Waves of High Sea and Life: a Crew Member’s Reflection on Yachting." In Luxury Yachting, 135–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86406-4_8.
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Guercini, Simone, Matilde Milanesi, Pedro Mir-Bernal, and Andrea Runfola. "Surfing the Waves of New Marketing in Luxury Fashion: The Case of Online Multi-brand Retailers." In Advances in Digital Marketing and eCommerce, 203–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47595-6_25.
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Garbacz-Klempka, Aldona, Karol Dzięgielewski, and Małgorzata Perek-Nowak. "Analizy metaloznawcze wybranych przedmiotów brązowych i ołowianych z cmentarzyska w Świbiu / Metallographic analyses of selected bronze and lead artefacts from the cemetery at Świbie." In Cmentarzysko w wczesnej epoki żelaza w Świbiu na Górnym Śląsku. Tom 2, 288–337. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/swibie2022.2.15.
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A comprehensive programme of archaeometric research into the chemical composition and manufacturing technology of Early Iron Age artefacts discovered in Świbie, Upper Silesia, has yielded a number of detailed observations and findings. Sixty-six artefacts from a collection of several hundred large bronzes were targeted for study. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with micro-area composition analysis were used. In selected cases, non-destructive analysis was carried out by digital X-ray radiography. The study was preceded by macroscopic observation of the artefacts. It was shown that most of the large ring ornaments were made from castings subsequently subjected to numerous forging (reforging and shaping) and finishing treatments. Some of the wares, such as the massive ankle rings, retained many of the characteristics of the original cast, indicating that the finishing treatment was only applied when necessary due to the nature of the product (e.g. visual qualities). Decoration was applied using various techniques, often used in combination with each other (e.g. designing a decoration on a wax model and correcting it on the finished product). It was demonstrated that the characteristic constrictions found on the inside of the massive twisted-bar ankle rings of the Upper Silesia and Sącz (Stary Sącz) types could not be the effect of wear and tear, but evidence of intentional reforging, most likely aimed at creating a place to attach an organic strap to fix the ornament in place on the leg. The research has also identified a new category of imports from the circum-Alpine or Mediterranean areas, namely necklaces with a hooked clasp. The extraordinarily precise ornamental technique observed on the necklace, long known in the literature, from grave 102 (in which other imported luxury goods were also found), required the use of a tool in the type of a tap or a threader, and it has never before been identified in an Early Iron Age context in Poland. Above all, however, these studies made it possible to answer the research questions regarding the sample. The first question concerned the raw material and technological variation of the collection across functional and stylistic categories: Did the objects produced and/or used by the population using the cemetery differ in chemical composition of the alloy and manufacturing technique according to function or style? Although the raw material composition was quite similar for the majority of the artefacts (classic Cu-Sn tin bronze), it emerged that some of them had a slightly different composition, most notably an elevated lead content (above 1.5%, exceptionally up to 9.5%), and that this was not coincidental. More often than not, these objects, such as the necklace from grave 217 or the openwork knife handle fitting from grave 495, demanded castings that, due to their small thickness in the mould, required a special alloy with improved castability. This was not required with massive bronzes or those meant for forging sheet metal for the production of coiled ornaments ; these wares are usually characterised by a low proportion of intentionally added lead as an alloying component. No such consistency can be seen in the manufacture of small ornaments such as buttons or spiral pendants, presumably produced on a day-to-day basis from currently available raw material or from recycled raw material. A satisfactory answer was also obtained to the second main question: Whether it was practised to furnish the deceased with sets uniform in style and raw material (possibly including objects produced especially for the funerary ceremony), or whether the objects amassed in the grave were made from raw material from different sources and at different stages of the buried person’s life. Proceeding from a comparison of all the bronzes from three rich burials (graves 102, N=11; 124, N=12; 574, N=9), it was concluded that they were certainly not furnished with complete ceremonial costumes prepared by one workshop, from one batch of raw material. The only objects that they can be considered sets in terms of both style and workshop are pairs of large bronzes (such as ankle rings or massive bracelets), which were most often made from a homogeneous raw material and probably functioned together from manufacture to deposition in the grave. In the group of small bronzes, this contextual approach (as well as the functional one) confirmed a greater range of raw material patterns.
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Groten, Miel. "Business palaces to rule the waves." In The Architecture of Empire in Modern Europe. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721479_ch04.
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Shipping enabled imperialism like no other domain, enabling trade, communication, and migration between metropoles and colonies as technological innovations cut travel times, especially the harnessing of steam power. In European port cities, the infrastructure of docks and warehouses and the offices of shipping lines formed the tangible reminders of imperial shipping. Shipping lines used their offices not only for the management of their operations but also to underline the luxury and reliability of their services to prospective passengers. The first office of the German shipping line HAPAG in Hamburg (1899–1903) exemplified this pattern. Soon, however, a major overhaul (1912–1920), necessitated by the line’s rapid growth, transformed the building into an imposing office that mediated HAPAG’s status as an ‘imperial’ firm.
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Południkiewicz, Anna. "“Megarian” bowls from Tell Atrib." In Classica Orientalia. Essays presented to Wiktor Andrzej Daszewski on his 75th Birthday, 425–40. DiG Publisher, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.37343/pcma.uw.dig.9788371817212.pp.425-440.
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Hemispherical “Megarian” bowls, produced from the 3rd to the 1st century BC, were an imported luxury ware common on the tables of the Ptolemaic/Hellenistic elite in Egypt. The collection of 16 vessels of this kind from the Polish excavations at Tell Atrib/Athribis, discovered between 1969 and 1999, is for the most part well stratified, dated contextually by coins and amphora stamp handles to two broader horizons: second half of the 3rd and first half of the 2nd century BC, and the turn of the 2nd century BC. Three variants were distinguished by the author, differentiated by details of the relief decoration. The group of vessels catalogued in this article originated probably from Ionian workshops in Asia Minor.
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Greig, Matilda. "Scribblomania." In Dead Men Telling Tales, 145–61. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896025.003.0006.
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The end of the Napoleonic Wars coincided with a phenomenal rise in the number and variety of war memoirs being written by veterans of all ranks, yet historians have mostly argued that these books made little impact on the general reading public. This chapter overturns that idea. It uses research into publishers’ archives, library catalogues, and later editions of Peninsular War memoirs to demonstrate that these soldiers’ tales sold well, made significant profits for their editors and publishers, and became increasingly imitated and parodied as the nineteenth century went on (including by Sherlock Holmes author Arthur Conan Doyle). It argues that these books should be seen as part of a commercial genre of war writing, with the curated representations of conflict they contained being deliberately marketed to different readers via cheap or luxury editions, illustrations, and decorative bindings.
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Lacey, James. "The Empire at High Tide." In Rome, 142—C10.F1. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190937706.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter covers the Empire at the height of its power and glory. As captured by Edward Gibbon: “In the second century of the Christian Era, the Empire of Rome comprehended the fairest part of the earth, and the most civilized portion of mankind. The frontiers of that extensive monarchy were guarded by ancient renown and disciplined valor. The gentle but powerful influence of laws and manners had gradually cemented the union of the provinces. Their peaceful inhabitants enjoyed and abused the advantages of wealth and luxury.” In this chapter I discuss the reigns of the five “good” emperors: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. I cover the last great period of Roman expansion, as Trajan adds Dacia and Mesopotamia to the Empire. I also cover the deteriorating situation toward the end of this period, when the Empire is locked in a multi-decade struggle on the Danube, and a long series of debilitating wars with Parthia. Finally, I discuss the extensive damage done to the fabric of the Empire by the Antonine Plague.
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Verschuur, Gerrit L. "Reconstructing the Crime." In Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.003.0013.
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Just what happened to the dinosaurs? In the mind’s eye, travel back to the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago. First, land in a region of the world that will someday be called Oklahoma. You are in the era of dinosaurs, although there are no longer as many species about, worldwide, as there were ten million or so years before. In all, 23 species roam their individual parts of the planet. It is their lack of spatial diversity that will make them vulnerable to the catastrophe that is about to befall the earth. So imagine you are there, together with triceratops, stegosaurus, velociraptors, and tyrannosaurus rex. Mostly they live off the land, and some of them live off each other. On this day none of the animals on earth can possibly have any awareness that they are about to disappear. Such a luxury will only be granted to a conscious species that has learned to explore the universe. For those who survive the initial impact explosion and its immediate consequences, the coming months will mark a terrible example of one of Cuvier’s “brief periods of terror.” In rapid succession, all life will be subject to a holocaust of staggering proportion, horrendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, a terrible darkness that will cut out sunlight for a year, and freezing weather that will last a decade. The ozone layer will be destroyed, and acid rain will make life intolerable for species that survived the first few months after the impact. You are there and you have been observing an odd phenomenon in the sky. For thousands of years a great comet has loomed, repeatedly lighting up the heavens with its glorious tail and then fading away to reappear a few years later. Long ago it was seen to break into fragments, each of which was a spectacular sight in its own right. Sometimes one of those fragments seemed to loom ever so close to the earth. For thousands of years, spectacular meteor showers have been seen whenever the earth passed through the tail of one of those comets, and sometimes dust drifted down into the atmosphere and disturbed the climate.
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"in the Zoological Gardens ; and that the genius before whose shrine our Professors 0f Politi-of blunders. of crises yet of the symptoms which pre- of the public in accepting unsound of luxury ; the rise of of wages, etc., etc.-all these are pre- of an industrial crisis, but they cannot be of the antagonism between that social of production and individual form of ap- of the middle ages. or influence either the or the disposal of the commodities. From." In Commercial Crises of the Nineteenth Century, 24–25. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315019246-12.
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