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1
Principe, Daniel R., Nisha A. Mohindra, Hidayatullah G. Munshi, and Suneel D. Kamath. "Alveolar soft part sarcoma mimics prostate cancer metastasis." Oxford Medical Case Reports 2019, no. 12 (December 2019): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omz122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A 61-year-old man presented to the oncology clinic with Gleason 9 (4 + 5) prostate cancer. Staging CT showed multiple nodules in both lungs. Since the lung lesions were too small for biopsy, he was started on anti-androgen therapy for suspected metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. While his prostate-specific antigen decreased from 32 to <0.1 ng/ml, the multiple lung lesions showed no response on subsequent imaging. The patient presented during follow-up with severe right leg pain, at which time magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, hyperintense mass in the femur. The mass was resected along with two lung nodules, with pathology demonstrating metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma. This serves as an important reminder that lesions suspicious for metastases may be due to cancers of multiple primary origins, particularly if the pattern of metastasis is atypical or there is varied response to therapy.
2
Bak, So Hyeon, Chohee Kim, Chu Hyun Kim, Yoshiharu Ohno, and Ho Yun Lee. "Magnetic resonance imaging for lung cancer: a state-of-the-art review." Precision and Future Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23838/pfm.2021.00170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and imaging techniques such as chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in its diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, post-operative surveillance, and treatment response evaluation. Pulmonary MRI can non-invasively visualize structural and functional abnormalities in the lungs without using ionizing radiation, although it has been suggested that it has less clinical utility than chest radiography, CT, and PET/CT for thoracic diseases, especially lung diseases. With recent advances related to MRI pulse sequences, pulmonary MRI has become practicable in an expanding number of clinical situations. This review article focuses on recent advances in MRI and discusses its clinical applications in the detection, diagnosis, staging, pre-operative evaluation, post-operative surveillance, and treatment response evaluation of lung cancer.
3
Mohammed, Saara, and Atiba Akii Bua. "Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Urinary Bladder in the Caribbean." Case Reports in Oncology 14, no. 3 (November 8, 2021): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most common cancers amongst women is breast cancer. The most common metastatic sites are the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bone. Metastatic spread to the urinary bladder is rare, and this case, as far as we are aware, is the first reported in the Caribbean. This patient developed urinary symptoms 4 years after her diagnosis of breast cancer. CT imaging showed thickening of the bladder wall, and histology confirmed metastatic breast cancer. As imaging modalities and cancer treatment improve, patients live longer with metastatic disease, and we will potentially see more unusual presentations of metastatic disease.
4
Jiang, Wenfa, Ganhua Zeng, Shuo Wang, Xiaofeng Wu, and Chenyang Xu. "Application of Deep Learning in Lung Cancer Imaging Diagnosis." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (January 3, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6107940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest fatality rate and nearest to our lives. It poses a great threat to human health and it mainly occurs in smokers. In our country, with the acceleration of industrialization, environmental pollution, and population aging, the cancer burden of lung cancer is increasing day by day. In the diagnosis of lung cancer, Computed Tomography (CT) images are a fairly common visualization tool. CT images visualize all tissues based on the absorption of X-rays. The diseased parts of the lung are collectively referred to as pulmonary nodules, the shape of nodules is different, and the risk of cancer will vary with the shape of nodules. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a very suitable method to solve this problem because the computer vision model can quickly scan every part of the CT image of the same quality for analysis and will not be affected by fatigue and emotion. The latest advances in deep learning enable computer vision models to help doctors diagnose various diseases, and in some cases, models have shown greater competitiveness than doctors. Based on the opportunity of technological development, the application of computer vision in medical imaging diagnosis of diseases has important research significance and value. In this paper, we have used a deep learning-based model on CT images of lung cancer and verified its effectiveness in the timely and accurate prediction of lungs disease. The proposed model has three parts: (i) detection of lung nodules, (ii) False Positive Reduction of the detected nodules to filter out “false nodules,” and (iii) classification of benign and malignant lung nodules. Furthermore, different network structures and loss functions were designed and realized at different stages. Additionally, to fine-tune the proposed deep learning-based mode and improve its accuracy in the detection Lung Nodule Detection, Noudule-Net, which is a detection network structure that combines U-Net and RPN, is proposed. Experimental observations have verified that the proposed scheme has exceptionally improved the expected accuracy and precision ratio of the underlined disease.
5
Khan, Sajad, Shahid Ali, and Muhammad. "Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 9 (October 16, 2019): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666181128124528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.
6
Chrabaszcz, Karolina, Katarzyna Kaminska, Cai Li Song, Junko Morikawa, Monika Kujdowicz, Ewelina Michalczyk, Marta Smeda, et al. "Fourier Transform Infrared Polarization Contrast Imaging Recognizes Proteins Degradation in Lungs upon Metastasis from Breast Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current understanding of mechanisms underlying the formation of metastatic tumors has required multi-parametric methods. The tissue micro-environment in secondary organs is not easily evaluated due to complex interpretation with existing tools. Here, we demonstrate the detection of structural modifications in proteins using emerging Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging combined with light polarization. We investigated lungs affected by breast cancer metastasis in the orthotopic murine model from the pre-metastatic phase, through early micro-metastasis, up to an advanced phase, in which solid tumors are developed in lung parenchyma. The two IR-light polarization techniques revealed, for the first time, the orientational ordering of proteins upon the progression of pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer. Their distribution was complemented by detailed histological examination. Polarized contrast imaging recognised tissue structures of lungs and showed deformations in protein scaffolds induced by inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, and tumor growth. This effect was recognised by not only changes in absorbance of the spectral bands but also by the band shifts and the appearance of new signals. Therefore, we proposed this approach as a useful tool for evaluation of progressive and irreversible molecular changes that occur sequentially in the metastatic process.
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Kaur, Pawandeep, and Rekha Bhatia. "Development of a Novel Lung Cancer Detection Technique based upon Micro Vessel Density Analysis." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (July 30, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the medical field, Image processing methods are widely used. It is a method for the improvement of image, the image which is obtained after processing is useful for earlier detection and various stages of cancer. In cancer tumors such as lung cancer time factor is the important key point because in the targated images of lung cancer time factor is use to discover the abnormality. Basically the development of numerous uncontrolled cells in the tissues create abnormality which later on leads to tumor in lungs. It is necessary to detect lung cancer in earlier stages, if left untreated its growth may spread into other nearby parts of body. For diagnosis, Patients may undergo several imaging tests such as CT scan, Chest X-ray and PET scan.In the existing recognition and detection techniques the Micro vessel density (MVD) analysis is used from which geometrical features are extracted to detect the tumorin lungs. In alternate to this the Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) may also be used with the geometrical features of the image to obtain more accurate result of lung cancer detection. GLCM features such as image contrast, homogeneity, dissimilarity, energy and correlation is beneficial to obtain results with higher accuracy. On the basis of significant instrument, novel lung cancer prediction framework will be developed.
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Subramanian, Shraddha, Alexes C. Daquinag, Solmaz AghaAmiri, Sukhen C. Ghosh, Ali Azhdarinia, and Mikhail G. Kolonin. "Characterization of Peptides Targeting Metastatic Tumor Cells as Probes for Cancer Detection and Vehicles for Therapy Delivery." Cancer Research 81, no. 22 (October 4, 2021): 5756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and metastatic cancers remain largely incurable due to chemoresistance. Biomarkers of metastatic cells are lacking, and probes that could be used to detect and target metastases would be highly valuable. Here we hypothesize that metastatic cancer cells express cell-surface receptors that can be harnessed for identification of molecules homing to metastases. Screening a combinatorial library in a mouse mammary tumor model of spontaneous metastasis identified cyclic peptides with tropism for cancer cells disseminated to the lungs. Two lead peptides, CLRHSSKIC and CRAGVGRGC, bound murine and human cells derived from breast carcinoma and melanoma in culture and were selective for metastatic cells in vivo. In mice, peptide CRAGVGRGC radiolabeled with 67Ga for biodistribution analysis demonstrated selective probe homing to lung metastases. Moreover, systemic administration of 68Ga-labeled CRAGVGRGC enabled noninvasive imaging of lung metastases in mice by PET. A CRAGVGRGC-derived peptide induced apoptosis upon cell internalization in vitro and suppressed metastatic burden in vivo. Colocalization of CLRHSSKIC and CRAGVGRGC with N-cadherin+/E-cadherin− cells indicated that both peptides are selective for cancer cells that have undergone the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We conclude that CRAGVGRGC is useful as a probe to facilitate the development of imaging modalities and therapies targeting metastases. Significance: This study identifies new molecules that bind metastatic cells and demonstrates their application as noninvasive imaging probes and vehicles for cytotoxic therapy delivery in preclinical cancer models.
9
Aurélia, Alati, Clavère Pierre, and Leobon Sophie. "Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia after Breast Cancer Radiotherapy and letrozole: A Case Report and Literature Review." Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2694-0248/049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia occurs with prevalence rate 1–3% after breast conservative treatment in series. In response to radiation of a lung or surrounding tissues, an inflammatory reaction can affect both lungs and is located within the radiation field. Characteristic imaging features include multiple alveolar opacities and diffuse ground-glass shadows. Letrozole may induce iatrogenic organizing pneumonia. Materials and methods: we report the case of a 76-year-old female who underwent conservative treatment for an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered with a total dose of 42.5 Gy in 16 sessions of 2.65 Gy using a three-dimensional technique. After the radiotherapy ended letrozole was indicated. Results: Several weeks after the radiotherapy ended and letrozole was introduced, she described a flu-like syndrome. Samples were negative, and there was no improvement after four courses of antibiotics. Imaging suggested bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Her symptomatology lessened after the letrozole was discontinued, and 11 months after radiotherapy finished, her imaging results were clear. Conclusion: Physicians must consider bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Cases may increase with hypofractionated radiation treatment and new drugs. Letrozole may potentiate the risk. Dosimetry may be adapted to the lung and subpleural areas for patients with risk factors and taking adjuvant or concurrent drugs with potential pneumotoxicity.
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Aurélia, Alati, Clavère Pierre, and Leobon Sophie. "Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia after Breast Cancer Radiotherapy and letrozole: A Case Report and Literature Review." Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia occurs with prevalence rate 1–3% after breast conservative treatment in series. In response to radiation of a lung or surrounding tissues, an inflammatory reaction can affect both lungs and is located within the radiation field. Characteristic imaging features include multiple alveolar opacities and diffuse ground-glass shadows. Letrozole may induce iatrogenic organizing pneumonia. Materials and methods: we report the case of a 76-year-old female who underwent conservative treatment for an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered with a total dose of 42.5 Gy in 16 sessions of 2.65 Gy using a three-dimensional technique. After the radiotherapy ended letrozole was indicated. Results: Several weeks after the radiotherapy ended and letrozole was introduced, she described a flu-like syndrome. Samples were negative, and there was no improvement after four courses of antibiotics. Imaging suggested bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Her symptomatology lessened after the letrozole was discontinued, and 11 months after radiotherapy finished, her imaging results were clear. Conclusion: Physicians must consider bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Cases may increase with hypofractionated radiation treatment and new drugs. Letrozole may potentiate the risk. Dosimetry may be adapted to the lung and subpleural areas for patients with risk factors and taking adjuvant or concurrent drugs with potential pneumotoxicity.
11
Weber, Martin R., Deidre O’Sullivan, Mario P. Tschan, Bruce E. Torbett, Andries Zijlstra, James P. Quigley, and Brunhilde Felding-Habermann. "Understanding Hematogenous Breast Cancer Metastasis: Tumor Cell Integrin Activation Matters." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2613.2613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Metastatic disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer. Elucidating the mechanisms that govern the hematogenous spread of cancer cells would provide novel targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Our group has previously demonstrated that the activated form of integrin specifically promotes breast cancer metastasis. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms by which activated av33 directly impacts defined steps in hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells in vivo. The lung colonization assay was used as a model to analyze tumor cell arrest in the vasculature, extravasation and secondary tumor cell growth at the target site. To address a role of the activation state of adhesion receptor integrin av33 in these steps of the metastatic cascade, we genetically tagged variants of the MDA-MB 435 human breast cancer cell model with dsRed2 or luciferase, and followed cells that express either non-activated 33wild type (WT) or constitutively activated mutant 33D723R, upon injection into the circulation of SCID mice. The presence of the cells and metastatic burden was analyzed by fluorescence imaging of lung whole mounts, supported by real time PCR quantification of human Alu sequences, and by non-invasive whole body imaging based on bioluminescence detection. Within 24 hours after injecting 1 million tumor cells into the tail vein, 90% of 33D723R expressing cells and 99.5% of 33WT expressing cells were cleared from the lungs. In both cell variants, the cleared cells undergo apoptosis as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. However, significantly more 33D723R than 33WT expressing cells consistently arrested and survived in the pulmonary vascular bed. A hallmark of constitutively activated integrin av33 is the ability of the receptor to bind soluble plasma protein ligands and thereby promote tumor cell interaction with platelets, a mechanism that supports tumor cell arrest during blood flow in-vitro. The contribution of platelets to the initial steps of tumor cell target organ colonization was evaluated in mice with experimental thrombocytopenia compared to mice with normal platelet counts. Following initial tumor cell arrest, 33D723R expressing cells showed a significantly shorter lag phase and enhanced proliferation than 33WT expressing cells, and this further determined the development of metastatic foci in the lungs. Slower growth of 33D723R expressing cells in-vitro indicates a specific advantage that these cells have in the microenvironment of the lung tissue. For both cell variants, target organ colonization was restricted to the lungs, as demonstrated using imaging of bioluminescence signal. Thus, we demonstrated that the activated form of integrin av33 confers an advantage on breast cancer cells at two distinct steps within the metastatic cascade. The first step is specific arrest within the pulmonary vascular bed, followed by a critical second step where expression of activated av33 is associated with increased tumor cell survival and a faster transition from a lag phase to rapid proliferation leading to the successful generation of multicellular lesions in the lungs and the establishment of clinically relevant metastatic disease.
12
Shetty, Mamtha V., D. Jayadevappa, and G. N. Veena. "Water Cycle Bat Algorithm and Dictionary-Based Deformable Model for Lung Tumor Segmentation." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2021 (November 22, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3492099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the different types of cancers, lung cancer is one of the widespread diseases which causes the highest number of deaths every year. The early detection of lung cancer is very essential for increasing the survival rate in patients. Although computed tomography (CT) is the preferred choice for lungs imaging, sometimes CT images may produce less tumor visibility regions and unconstructive rates in tumor portions. Hence, the development of an efficient segmentation technique is necessary. In this paper, water cycle bat algorithm- (WCBA-) based deformable model approach is proposed for lung tumor segmentation. In the preprocessing stage, a median filter is used to remove the noise from the input image and to segment the lung lobe regions, and Bayesian fuzzy clustering is applied. In the proposed method, deformable model is modified by the dictionary-based algorithm to segment the lung tumor accurately. In the dictionary-based algorithm, the update equation is modified by the proposed WCBA and is designed by integrating water cycle algorithm (WCA) and bat algorithm (BA).
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Rozman, Ales, Mira Silar, and Mitja Kosnik. "Angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in lungs of lung cancer patients." Radiology and Oncology 46, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10019-012-0031-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Angiogenesis is crucial process in cancer growth and progression. This prospective study evaluated expression of two central regulatory molecules: angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with lung cancer. Patients and methods. Clinical data, blood samples and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) from 23 patients with primary lung carcinoma were collected. BAL fluid was taken from part of the lung with malignancy, and from corresponding healthy side of the lung. VEGF and angiogenin concentrations were analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dilution of bronchial secretions in the BAL fluid was calculated from urea concentration ratio between serum and BAL fluid. Results. We found no statistical correlation between angiogenin concentrations in serum and in bronchial secretions from both parts of the lung. VEGF concentrations were greater in bronchial secretions in the affected side of the lung than on healthy side. Both concentrations were greater than serum VEGF concentration. VEGF concentration in serum was in positive correlation with tumour size (p = 0,003) and with metastatic stage of disease (p = 0,041). There was correlation between VEGF and angiogenin concentrations in bronchial secretions from healthy side of the lung and between VEGF and angiogenin concentrations in bronchial secretions from part of the lung with malignancy. Conclusion. Angiogenin and VEGF concentrations in systemic, background and local samples of patients with lung cancer are affected by different mechanisms. Pro-angiogenic activity of lung cancer has an important influence on the levels of angiogenin and VEGF.
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Butle, Ashwin, Asim Joshi, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash, and Amit Dutt. "Weekly osimertinib dosing to prevent EGFR mutant tumor cells destined to home mouse lungs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e20504-e20504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e20504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e20504 Background: The recent ADAURA trial concludes daily dosing of adjuvant osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), improves disease-free survival with stage IB/II/IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancerpatients in comparison to placebo. We have developed a preclinical orthotopic mouse model, using luciferase tagged lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring EGFR TKI sensitive exon 19 deletion, to model and extend trial implications comparing a weekly vs daily dosing outcome of osimertinib to a first-generation TKI- erlotinib. Methods: We present an assessment of the homing of PC9-luciferase cells to the lungs of mice injected through mouse tail vein. Thirty NOD-SCID mice were divided into five groups as follows: two groups each for daily and weekly treatment and one group for vehicle control. For all the mice in the respective groups, erlotinib (25 mg/kg) and osimertinib (15 mg/kg) was orally administered. Homing of cells in the lungs of mice was assessed by bioluminescence imaging regularly. Results: In the control group, 100% of the mice showed homing and retention of cells in the lungs of mice 18 days post-injection. In mice receiving erlotinib daily, homing of the cells in lungs was absent in all four mice, except in one mouse where emergence was observed after day eight post-injection. In the case of erlotinib weekly group, out of four only one mouse showed absence of homing of cells in the lungs of mice. Interestingly, 100% of the mice in both the groups receiving osimertinib daily or weekly showed complete absence of homing of cells in the lungs of mice from day 3 onwards post-injection (Table). The tumors observed in the lungs, when dissected at day 30, confirmed the colonization of the injected cells homing to the organ. Conclusions: Based on the complete absence of the homing of cells in lungs of osimertinib treated mice, in both weekly and daily regimens, adjuvant osimeritinib may represent a viable treatment option in delaying the onset of disease post resection of early stage tumors or among patients with pre-disposition to EGFR mutant lung cancers harboring germline EGFR mutations. In addition, low-dose once-a-week osimertinib could potentially have several advantages over daily dosing, including lower toxicity, affordability, ease of administration and delaying or preventing acquired resistance that remains to be explored. [Table: see text]
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Goel, Shreya, Guodong Zhang, Prashant Dogra, Sara Nizzero, Vittorio Cristini, Zhihui Wang, Zhenhua Hu, et al. "Sequential deconstruction of composite drug transport in metastatic breast cancer." Science Advances 6, no. 26 (June 2020): eaba4498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba4498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is challenging to design effective drug delivery systems (DDS) that target metastatic breast cancers (MBC) because of lack of competent imaging and image analysis protocols that suitably capture the interactions between DDS and metastatic lesions. Here, we integrate high temporal resolution of in vivo whole-body PET-CT, ex vivo whole-organ optical imaging, high spatial resolution of confocal microscopy, and mathematical modeling, to systematically deconstruct the trafficking of injectable nanoparticle generators encapsulated with polymeric doxorubicin (iNPG-pDox) in pulmonary MBC. iNPG-pDox accumulated substantially in metastatic lungs, compared to healthy lungs. Intratumoral distribution and retention of iNPG-pDox varied with lesion size, possibly induced by locally remodeled microenvironment. We further used multiscale imaging and mathematical simulations to provide improved drug delivery strategies for MBC. Our work presents a multidisciplinary translational toolbox to evaluate transport and interactions of DDS within metastases. This knowledge can be recursively applied to rationally design advanced therapies for metastatic cancers.
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Adams, Christopher Peter, and Wasif M. Saif. "Targeted radiopeptide therapy Re188-P2045 to treat neuroendocrine lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e20016-e20016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e20016 Background: : Despite the recent success of checkpoint inhibitors, there continues to be a significant medical need for lung cancer therapies that can be directed to the patients most likely to respond. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) is the most widely up-regulated subtype in both small and non-small cell lung cancers and is also expressed in tumoral (but not mature) blood vessels. Peptide targeted radiotherapy has advantages over traditional targeted therapies in that targeted tumor cells as well as surrounding cancer cells and supporting stroma are selectively killed. This study was conducted to determine the ability of Rhenium Re 188 P2045, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog specific for SSTR2 to both image (to select the most appropriate patients) and treat lung cancer patients who over-express somatostatin receptors. Methods: In an open label, single arm study, refractory lung cancer patients to standard of care therapy were identified by image analysis using Rhenium Re 188 P2045, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog. 25 Patients received the imaging dose of 10uCi of Re188 and 265ng of peptide by intravenous injection. Three patients were selected based on high SSTR expression levels to receive 30uCi of Re188 P2045 as a therapeutic dose 14 days after imaging. Patients were followed for 8 weeks post treatment. Results: The imaging study revealed a high density of expression of the somatostatin receptor in the lungs of patients. Patients in the imaging and therapeutic treatment groups reported no adverse advents or signs of toxicity. The image analysis using Re188 P2045 was compared to CT images and demonstrated accurate detection of lung tumor lesions. The images obtained using Re188 P2045 were of sufficiently high quality to enable identification of receptor expression at the tumor site as shown in Figures 1&2. Conclusions: Rhenium Re 188 P2045, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog, may be used to both identify and treat lung cancer tumors. The ability to image and dose patients with the same targeted molecule enables a personalized medicine approach and this highly targeted patient therapy may significantly improve treatment of tumors that over express somatostatin receptor.
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Nikolaos, Pistamaltzian, Nikolaidi Adamantia, Raftogiannis Maria, Economou Aggelos, Mourtzoukos Spryridon, and Athanasiadis Ilias. "Langerhans cell histiocytosis following treatment for testicular cancer. A case report and literature review." Forum of Clinical Oncology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fco-2015-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A 35 year old male patient received treatment for testicular cancer of pure seminoma histology. He underwent initially a right inguinal orchiectomy and afterwards he received 3 cycles of BEP chemotherapy, as his imaging studies showed enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes. Five months after completion of chemotherapy treatment, a thoracic CT revealed multiple micronodular lesions in both lungs. The patient was advised about the need of salvage chemotherapy, but he opted to undergo further investigation. A lung lesion biopsy was performed, and histology was compatible with diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). LCH is quite an unusual clinical entity that affects usually -but not solely- the lungs of young adults. The hallmark of the disease, is the presence of the activated Langerhans cells. As its clinical, laboratory and radiological findings are nonspecific, a transbronchial biopsy is sometimes necessary to establish diagnosis. Treatment is generally symptomatic and reserved for patients with multisystem organ involvement. LCH’s relationship with cancer is complex and no certain correlation is evident. More troublesome can be its differential diagnosis from a cancer with metastatic spread to the lungs or other affected organs, and although rare, it has to be kept in mind when suspicious signs arise
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Harwig, Alex, Morgan Wang, Ling Tong, Regina Nieu, Vy Nguyen, Dean Felsher, and David Suhy. "Abstract 2480: A more sensitive approach to cancer imaging using cancer-activated PET reporters." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Early detection and localization of primary cancers has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and overall survival. While liquid biopsy may indicate the presence of cancer and possibly provide the tissue of origin, it cannot pinpoint the exact location of cancer and its metastases. Furthermore, current imaging techniques lack the sensitivity to locate early-stage tumors, diminishing the ability for early clinical intervention. Current imaging approaches using 18F-FDG rely on increased metabolic rates of tumors vs. surrounding non-tumor tissue, often resulting in high background and inability to detect low-metabolic tumors. Earli is developing a highly sensitive, orthogonal approach that uses genetic constructs to usurp dysregulated cancer pathways to force the tumor to produce a synthetic biomarker used to detect and localize the malignancy. We previously demonstrated the utility of cancer-activated expression of blood-based biomarkers in preclinical cancer models, which are currently in an ongoing clinical study. EARLI-201 is novel genetic imaging probe comprised of a DNA construct containing a cancer-activated promoter to drive the expression of a PET Reporter Gene (PRG). The HSV-sr39TK PRG product specifically sequesters the 18F-FHBG tracer inside the cell, enabling detection by PET imaging. Initial studies for sensitivity combined H1299 lung cancer cells engineered with only two copies of the PRG were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice followed by the administration of the 18F-FHBG tracer. Results demonstrate a robust signal from as few as 62,000 injected cells. Given that a 1 mm3 tumor contains ~1,000,000 cells, suggests that we can localize tumors as small as 6.25mm3 with only a 1% transfection efficiency. EARLI-201 was tested in a variety of murine models including the metastatic “Lung Trap” and spontaneous HCC-MYC/Twist1, which produce discrete tumor nodules in the lungs or liver, respectively. A single intravenous injection of EARLI-201 given at Day 1 results in cancer-activated expression and accumulation of the PRG in tumors. 18F-FHBG PET imaging three days post dosing revealed distinct tumor foci that co-register with tumors detected by CT. Additional ex vivo techniques confirmed PRG expression only in tumor-containing tissues and not in healthy tissue. Imaging the same animals with 18F-FDG failed to produce any appreciable signal in the same tumors, likely because they are of low metabolic nature. These pre-clinical results clearly demonstrate the potential of Earli’s approach to detect and localize very small tumors currently outside the sensitivity of existing imaging modalities. Additional experiments to evaluate EARLI-201 in companion dogs diagnosed with cancer are currently in progress and provides the ability to validate the platform in larger body masses with spontaneously formed tumors. Citation Format: Alex Harwig, Morgan Wang, Ling Tong, Regina Nieu, Vy Nguyen, Dean Felsher, David Suhy. A more sensitive approach to cancer imaging using cancer-activated PET reporters [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2480.
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Khan, Dawlat, Mohammed Danjuma, Muhammad Umar Saddique, Khaled Abdelfattah Hasan Murshed, and Mohamed A. Yassin. "Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Mimicking Miliary Tuberculosis." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Miliary shadows on chest imaging have wide differential diagnoses. The most common etiology is infectious, such as miliary tuberculosis (TB) and histoplasmosis, but miliary shadows can be the presentation of sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and secondary metastasis to the lungs from primary cancers of the thyroid, kidney, and trophoblasts as well as sarcomas. Here we present the case of a 35-year-old Indian male who presented with a 2-month history of dry cough and shortness of breath. Chest imaging showed diffuse bilateral miliary nodules. The initial impression was that of miliary pulmonary TB. Subsequent bronchoscopy with a transbronchial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis, which is a rare and unusual presentation of primary lung cancer. The tumor was positive for ALK5A4 and PD-L1, and the patient was started on tyrosine kinase inhibitor immunotherapy, with a favorable response.
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Zhou, Hongsuo, Hongtao Pan, Mo Dong, Zhizun Zhou, and Xiangkun Zhao. "Enhancement of Lesions in CT Images of Lung Cancer Based on MIMICS Software." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.2944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to explore the three-dimensional reconstruction of lung cancer CT images by MIMICS software, the purpose of enhancing the effect of the lesion area is realized, and the visualization model can be realized, which can effectively assist the early diagnosis of lung cancer and the surgical treatment of lung cancer. Using lung CT scan data from lung cancer patients, semi-automated segmentation methods are used to segment the lung tumors in MIMICS software to create an individualized lung cancer model. MIMICS software accurately and efficiently distributes the model according to the gray values of different tissues, and successfully establishes a human body chest finite element model with realistic shape and accurate structure. The model includes chest skin, bones, lungs, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and tracheobronchial trees, providing precise model support for finite element analysis. This study successfully constructs a three-dimensional digital model of individualized lung cancer. The model has high geometric similarity and strong stereoscopic effect. It truly reflects the morphological characteristics of lung cancer and the spatial relationship between adjacent structures, which makes the imaging effect of lung cancer lesions more prominent. By moving, separating, combining, and revealing the model, multi-angle observation and measurement can be performed, which facilitates preoperative planning and shortens the operation time.
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Egorkina, A. B., Yu A. Stepanova, G. G. Karmazanovsky, D. V. Kalinin, and A. V. Zhao. "Advanced lung cancer in combination with liver echinococcosis." Medical Visualization 25, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Presented clinical case is a rare case of poorly differentiated squamous cell non-keratinizing cancer of the right lung with ingrowth into the diaphragm and liver, metastatic liver damage in combination with recurrent echinococcosis of the liver. Taking into account the epidemiological history, the surgery, the features of radiation imaging and the results of serology in the preoperative period, the diagnosis of “echinococcosis of the liver with spread to the lungs” was made, which turned out to be incorrect. The diagnosis during the surgical operation was changed, but also turned out to be incorrect. The final diagnosis was made only on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical studies.The reasons of diagnostic errors are analyzed, the emphasis is made on the criteria of differential diagnosis. Typical features of visualization of liver echinococcosis, lung cancer with local and distant spread are presented.
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Amoda, Oluyemisi, Elmarie Alexander, Hesham Abowali, Ese Uwagbale, and Mohammed Zaman. "Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia Masquerading as a Lung Mass." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 10 (January 2022): 232470962110633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211063337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung masses are becoming more common, and although most are tumors, benign or malignant, some are not solid masses. Many pathologies can present as lung nodules, including lung cancers, hamartomas, lung abscesses, granulomas, and eosinophilic pneumonia, to name a few. A 40-year-old woman with a long history of smoking presented with cough and left-sided chest pain. After multiple imaging studies, she was thought to have a lung malignancy; however, multiple biopsies proved this was not the case. The histology reports of 3 to 4 biopsies at separate times indicated chronic inflammation ongoing in the lungs without any cancer cells present. She was treated for chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with a resolution of symptoms. The purpose of this case report is to discuss a case that was initially thought to be a lung mass but found to be chronic eosinophilic pneumonia manifesting as a lung mass.
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Begemann, Diane, and Fallon Noto. "Abstract 2464: In vivo imaging of ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer models hosted in the Sprague-Dawley Rag2 -/-Il2rg -/- SRG rat." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Human cancer xenografts are a vital tool for understanding tumor biology, growth kinetics, and therapeutic efficacy using animal models. While in vivo studies are traditionally done in immunocompromised mice, we have created a Sprague Dawley Rag2 -/-, Il2rg -/- rat (SRG࣪ OncoRat®) that is an excellent host for human xenografts. Lacking B, T, and NK cells, the SRG rat readily supports the growth of multiple human cancer cell lines, including lines that do not engraft well or grow consistently in existing mouse models. In vivo luminescent imaging has routinely been used in mouse models, and is particularly useful for studying orthotopic xenografts or metastatic models. In this study, we validated the SRG rat as a model that can effectively be used for in vivo imaging of human cancers. For the current study, we assessed two tumor models. Ovarian cancer cell line OV81.2-luc is a luciferase positive cell line that was generated from ascites collection from a grade IIIC, serous ovarian carcinoma. Orthotopic tumors were established by inoculating OV81.2-luc cells intraperitoneally into female SRG rats and female NSG mice, which were treated with either vehicle or cisplatin chemotherapy for 28 days. Human non-small cell lung cancer line H358-luc is a luciferase positive cell line that, when injected subcutaneously into the hind flank of SRG rats, metastasizes to the lungs. Tumors were established by inoculating H358-luc cells subcutaneously into male SRG rats, and measured thrice weekly with calipers. For both studies, tumorgenicity was measured via weekly in vivo luciferase imaging using Spectral Instruments AMI HT system. Tumors established rapidly for both OV81.2-luc and H358-luc in both SRG rats and NSG mice, with visible luciferin positive signal starting one week post cell inoculation. In OV81.2-luc hosting animals, upon necropsy, tumors were found on multiple abdominal organs including the peritoneum, ovary, mesentery, intestines, kidneys, liver, and body cavity wall. Metastatic events outside the abdominal cavity were not evident in OV81.2-luc hosting animals. In H358-luc tumor bearing rats, a high metastatic tumor burden was found in the lungs. These data confirm that the SRG rat is an excellent host for studying human cancer when compared to commonly used immunodeficient mouse models. Data demonstrate that the SRG rat has a high utility for studies using both in vivo imaging, such as orthotopic tumor implantation, and studies on metastasis. As the most immunodeficient rat commercially available, the SRG rat retains the ability to establish human tumors while possessing size, physiology, and metabolism-based advantages when compared to mice. Citation Format: Diane Begemann, Fallon Noto. In vivo imaging of ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer models hosted in the Sprague-Dawley Rag2 -/-Il2rg -/- SRG rat [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2464.
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Reddy, Badireddygari Anurag, and Danvir Mandal. "Detection of Lung cancer using Digital image Processing techniques and Artificial Neural Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In today’s life digital image processing plays keys role. Digital Image processing using in medical field changes the medical world drastically. Medical imaging is growing speedily due to developments in image processing techniques including image recognition, analysis and enhancement. Now a day’s different types diseases that have facing humans in daily life. In this Lung cancer is one of the major diseases that show devastating in humans heavily. Lung cancer is one of the major causes of death in humans. Lung cancer is normally carried out by trained professionals and these are majorly helpful in early stage of detection. This detection method introduces the possibility of human errors which consequences an automated process. In this paper it is mainly aims to detect the lung cancer at an early stage through an automated process and reduces the human errors and gets the accurate results. There are different types of processing techniques are currently using. Artificial neural network processing plays important role to identify the cancer tissues which are in lungs. Early stage of detection will save the human life.
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Nazir, Imran, Ihsan Ul Haq, Muhammad Mohsin Khan, Muhammad Bilal Qureshi, Hayat Ullah, and Sharjeel Butt. "Efficient Pre-Processing and Segmentation for Lung Cancer Detection Using Fused CT Images." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last two decades, radiologists have been using multi-view images to detect tumors. Computer Tomography (CT) imaging is considered as one of the reliable imaging techniques. Many medical-image-processing techniques have been developed to diagnoses lung cancer at early or later stages through CT images; however, it is still a big challenge to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the algorithms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on image fusion for lung segmentation to optimize lung cancer diagnosis. The image fusion technique was developed through Laplacian Pyramid (LP) decomposition along with Adaptive Sparse Representation (ASR). The suggested fusion technique fragments medical images into different sizes using the LP. After that, the LP is used to fuse the four decomposed layers. For the evaluation purposes of the proposed technique, the Lungs Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) was used. The results showed that the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) index of our proposed method was 0.9929, which is better than recently published results. Furthermore, the values of other evaluation parameters such as the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 89%, 98% and 99%, respectively, which are also competitive with the recently published results.
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Yang, Ye, Xi Jia, Yuanbo Wang, Yan Liu, Yu Liu, and Rui Gao. "Sarcoidosis Mimicking Primary Lung Cancer on 99mTc-3PRGD2 Scintigraphy in a PTC Patient." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology that typically occurs in middle-aged adults, often presenting as the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs. Non-typical pulmonary sarcoidosis is rare, and it isnecessary to distinguish its imaging features from lung cancer and tuberculosis. They may appear as an irregular mass with multiple nodules on thoracic computed tomography (CT). In this case, primary lung cancer was suspected in a 57-year-old papillary thyroid carcinoma patient, as the pulmonary lesions were non-radioiodine avid and progressed shortly afterward. The asymmetrical focal uptake that was demonstrated in integrin receptor imaging (99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2)) warranted flexible-bronchoscope biopsy. Meanwhile, no evidence of malignancy was found, and pathological manifestations led to the subsequent six months of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Combined with the fact that standard anti-tuberculosis showed no improvement, and the patient’s condition was stabilized by corticosteroid treatment alone, a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made by an MDT (multidisciplinary consultation). Reported herein is the first case of a hyper vascularization condition within the non-typical asymmetrical sarcoidosis lesions, which should help to establish that the uptake of 3PRDG2 in sarcoidosis can avoid imaging pitfalls.
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Baig, Hassan, Sushilkumar Sonavane, Ian Makey, Jorge Mallea, and Andras Khoor. "Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule on a Lung Cancer Screening CT." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2020 (December 28, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8872111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare inflammatory condition that mostly affects lungs in smokers. On imaging, it usually presents as multiple, upper lobe predominant, solid, and cavitary nodules, but presentation as solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is rare. We describe a case of SPN seen on low-dose lung cancer screening CT (LDCT) that was FDG avid on PET/CT. Given concern for malignancy, lobectomy was planned if intraoperative frozen section was consistent with malignancy. Lobectomy was performed based on frozen section; however, on formal pathology review, the nodule was ultimately found to be PLCH. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of PLCH as a solitary nodule. Furthermore, it helps demonstrate how rare etiologies (like PLCH) may be more frequently encountered and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for solitary lung nodules, especially in the era of lung cancer screening.
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Bataine, Omar, Sandra Vegar - Zubović, Fuad Julardžija, Jasmina Bajrović, and Nusret Salkica. "The role of hybrid positron computed emission tomography in evaluation of metastatic activity in breast cancer." Radiološke tehnologije 11, no. 1 (November 7, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48026/isnn.26373297.2020.11.1.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Among the female population, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and nearly half of women population with breast cancer develop metastatic disease during their lifetime. Breast cancer most often metastazises to the lungs, liver, bones, brain and lymph nodes. 18F-FDG PET/CT can detect metastases that are not visible in other imaging modalities, and with the newly discovered lesions, decision about adequate treatment option can be evaluated.Material and methods: The examination was conducted as a retrospective descriptive study in May and June of 2019 at the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology of the University Clinical Center in Sarajevo. It included 100 female patients with the age structure of 33-79 years. The patient's reference diagnosis is breast cancer, with a suspected finding of metastatic activity. A comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the breast imaging between PET/CT, CT and bone scintigraphy was performed.Results: PET/CT revealed significantly more positive findings on metastatic activity than other diagnostic imaging modalities, with Mann-Whitney test value of p = 0.01014. In the diagnosis of lungs and liver lesions, PET/CT sensitivity and specificity are 92.59% and 85.37%, respectively, while the statistical parameters for CT are 77.78% for sensitivity and 90.24% for specificity. The PET/CT sensitivity and specificity for bone lesions are 93.55% and 88.89%, respectively, compared to 78.57% and 100% for bone scintigraphy.Conclusion: Hybrid imaging technique, which integrates PET and CT imaging methods, has considerable advantages over other diagnostic methods in the detection of distant metastases, and based on obtained results, PET/CT may be method of choice in evaluation of metastatic activity in breast cancer.
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Pih, Gyu Young, and Do Hoon Kim. "Metachronous Cancer Occurring after Endoscopic Resection of Superficial Esophageal Cancer." Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 20, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2020.0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esophageal cancer has a relatively high prevalence of local recurrence, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Superficial esophageal cancer has shown a metachronous recurrence rate of 2.6~35.8% with the cumulative overall 3-year and 5-year metachronous cancer incidence being 9.9~15.5% and 20.6~24.5%, respectively. In addition to recurrences in the remnant esophagus, second metachronous primary tumors have been reported to arise in 4.0~37.4% of esophageal cancer survivors. The second primary cancers arising after a diagnosis of esophageal cancer are most commonly detected in the head and neck area, followed by the lungs and stomach. The field cancerization theory explains the high prevalence of head and neck cancer among esophageal cancer patients. The reported risk factors for metachronous esophageal recurrences include scattered-type Lugol staining, circumferential endoscopic resection of the primary lesion, heavy alcohol use, smoking, inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes, alcohol dehydrogenase-1B genes, and young age at diagnosis of the primary cancer. The risk factors for metachronous second primary tumors include heavy alcohol use, smoking, and a previous history of radiation therapy. Consequently, periodic follow-up endoscopy using narrow-band imaging is essential for the screening of metachronous esophageal cancers and second primary tumors after endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal cancer.
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Torres, Felipe, Shazia Akbar, Felix Baldauf-Lenschen, and Natasha B. Leighl. "Improved prognostication for lung cancer patients from computed tomography imaging using deep learning." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2044 Background: Clinical TNM staging derived from computed tomography (CT) imaging is a key prognostic factor for lung cancer patients when making decisions about treatment, monitoring, and clinical trial eligibility. However, heterogeneity among patients, including by molecular subtypes, may result in variability of survival outcomes of patients with the same TNM stage that receive the same treatment. Artificial intelligence may offer additional, individualized prognostic information based on both known and unknown features present in CTs to facilitate more precise clinical decision making. We developed a novel deep learning-based technique to predict 2-year survival from pretreatment CTs of pathologically-confirmed lung cancer patients. Methods: A fully automated, end-to-end model was designed to localize the three-dimensional (3D) space comprising the lungs and heart, and to learn deep prognostic features using a 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN). The 3DCNN was trained and validated using 1,841 CTs of 1,184 patients from five public datasets made available in The Cancer Imaging Archive. Spearman’s rank correlation (R) and concordance index (C-index) between the model output and survival status of each patient after 2-year follow-up from CT acquisition was assessed, in addition to sensitivity, specificity and accuracy stratified by staging. Results: 3DCNN showed an overall prediction accuracy of 75.0% (R = 0.32, C-index = 0.67, p < 0.0001), with higher performance achieved for stage I patients (Table) . 3DCNN showed better overall correlation with survival for 1,124 patients with available TNM staging, in comparison to TNM staging only (R = 0.19, C-index = 0.63, p < 0.0001); however, a weighted linear combination of both TNM staging and the 3DCNN yielded a superior correlation (R = 0.34, C-index = 0.73, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Deep learning applied to pretreatment CT images provides personalized prognostic information that complements clinical staging and may help facilitate more precise prognostication of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. [Table: see text]
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Baskin, A., G. Amzalag, F. Buchegger, R. Miralbell, O. Ratib, T. Zilli, V. Garibotto, and O. Rager. "Significance of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT positive pulmonary lesions in prostate cancer patients." Nuklearmedizin 54, no. 05 (2015): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0737-15-04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryAim: To assess the frequency and the significance of incidental pulmonary lesions with 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Patients, methods: 225 consecutive PCa patients referred for 18F-FCH PET/CT (median age 68 years) were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of lesions in the lungs: 173 referred for restaging and 52 for initial staging regarding their high risk of extra prostatic extension. The final diagnosis was based on histopathological or on clinical and radiological follow-up. Results: 13 patients had 18F-FCH positive pulmonary and 8 patients malignant lesions: 5 patients (38%) had a primary lung cancer (2 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 papillary adenocarcinoma, 1 typical pulmonary carcinoid, 1 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) and 3 patients (23%) PCa metastases. Benign lesions were found in 5 subjects (38%). SUVmax and maximum diameter were neither significantly different in primary and metastatic tumors nor between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusions: Although our results suggest that incidental uptake in the lungs in PCa patients are nonspecific, their detection may have a significant impact on patient management knowing that more than 60% represent malignant diseas.
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Voytko, V. "Transthoracic lung cancer biopsy with radiological navigation." Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy, no. 1 (2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37336/2707-0700-2020-1-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transthoracic biopsy (TTNB) is a minimally invasive surgical method for obtaining a biopsy from the volume of interest in the chest cavity by transcutaneous puncture of the chest wall. In oncopulmonology, this method is applied to obtain a biopsy from primary malignant and metastatic tumors localized in the lungs, mediastinum, pleura, chest wall, and its histological verification. TTNB with this or that navigation option has significant advantages: minimal invasiveness (compared with mediastinoscopy, thoracotomy, thoracoscopy) with precision biopsy specimen for histological, cytological, bacteriological and other studies; implementation of a true morphological diagnosis; reduction of the hospitalization time for patients at the diagnostic stage. Algorithm technology (TTNB with navigation + histopathological examination) is constantly developing and fundamentally improving (in parallel with the development and improvement of medical imaging technologies) for over 55 years. The main navigation technologies at TTNB are considered: fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Frequent and rare complications during TTNB are described. Attention is drawn to the uncertainty of TTNB. To protect the surgeon from DNA radiation damage during TTNB with X-ray or CT navigation in real time, it was proposed to apply a re-profiled drug: N-acetylcysteine – mucolytic, expectorant and antioxidant agent with radioprotective properties. Key Words: lung cancer, transthoracic biopsy, radiological navigation.
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Torres, Felipe Soares, Shazia Akbar, Srinivas Raman, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Felix Baldauf-Lenschen, and Natasha B. Leighl. "Automated imaging-based stratification of early-stage lung cancer patients prior to receiving surgical resection using deep learning applied to CTs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1552 Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an important tool to guide further investigation and treatment in patients with lung cancer. For patients with early stage lung cancer, surgery remains an optimal treatment option. Artificial intelligence applied to pretreatment CTs may have the ability to quantify mortality risk and stratify patients for more individualized diagnostic, treatment and monitoring decisions. Methods: A fully automated, end-to-end model was designed to localize the 36cm x 36cm x 36cm space centered on the lungs and learn deep prognostic features using a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN) to predict 5-year mortality risk. The 3DCNN was trained and validated in a 5-fold cross-validation using 2,924 CTs of 1,689 lung cancer patients from 6 public datasets made available in The Cancer Imaging Archive. We evaluated 3DCNN’s ability to stratify stage I & II patients who received surgery into mortality risk quintiles using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 260 of the 1,689 lung cancer patients in the withheld validation dataset were diagnosed as stage I or II, received a surgical resection within 6 months of their pretreatment CT and had known 5-year disease and survival outcomes. Based on the 3DCNN’s predicted mortality risk, patients in the highest risk quintile had a 14.2-fold (95% CI 4.3-46.8, p < 0.001) increase in 5-year mortality hazard compared to patients in the lowest risk quintile. Conclusions: Deep learning applied to pretreatment CTs provides personalised prognostic insights for early stage lung cancer patients who received surgery and has the potential to inform treatment and monitoring decisions.[Table: see text]
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Xu, Yuan, Pan Ma, Zhihui Hu, Yuan Tian, Kuo Men, Shulian Wang, Yingjie Xu, and Jianrong Dai. "Non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy for locoregional radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer including internal mammary nodes." Radiology and Oncology 55, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2021-0045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (ncVMAT) is proposed to reduce toxicity in heart and lungs for locoregional radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer, including internal mammary nodes (IMN). Patients and methods This retrospective study included 10 patients with left-sided breast cancer who underwent locoregional radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. For each patient, the ncVMAT plan was designed with four partial arcs comprising two coplanar arcs and two non-coplanar arcs, with a couch rotating to 90°. The prescribed dose was normalized to cover 95% of planning target volume (PTV), with 50 Gy delivered in 25 fractions. For each ncVMAT plan, dosimetric parameters were compared with the coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (coV-MAT) plan. Results T here were improvements in conformity index, homogeneity index and V55 of total target volume (PTVall) comparing ncVMAT to coVMAT (p < 0.001). Among the organs at risk, the average V30, V20, V10, V5, and mean dose (Dmean) of the heart decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ncVMAT significantly reduced the mean V20, V10, V5, and Dmean of left lung and the mean V10 and V5 and Dmean of contralateral lung (p < 0.001). An improved sparing of the left anterior descending coronary artery and right breast were also observed with ncVMAT (p < 0.001). Conclusions Compared to coVMAT, ncVMAT provides improved conformity and homogeneity of whole P TV, better dose sparing of the heart, bilateral lungs, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and right breast for locoregional radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer with IMN, potentially reducing the risk of normal tissue damage.
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Guo, Ruxia, and Hui Wang. "Analysis of Lung Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis System for Nursing Intervention of Lung Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6750934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to explore the influence of intelligent imaging diagnosis systems on comprehensive nursing intervention for patients with late-stage lung cancer, the system uses ITK and VTK toolkit to realize image reading, display, image marking, and interactive functions. The optimal threshold method and regional connectivity algorithm were used to segment the lung region, and then, the cavity filling algorithm and repair algorithm were used to repair the lung region. A variable ring filter was used to detect suspected shadows in the lungs. Finally, the classifier proposed in this paper is used to classify benign and malignant. The system has good sensitivity by detecting the images of real patients. 100 patients with advanced lung cancer were randomly divided into control group and nursing intervention group 50 cases each. Patients in the control group received routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy and routine nursing intervention. Patients in the nursing intervention group were given comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of routine intervention in the control group for 2 consecutive months. Pittsburgh sleep quality index, pain degree, quality of life, and complications after intervention were compared between the 2 groups before and after intervention. The experimental results showed that the sleep quality, pain degree, quality of life, and complications in 2 groups were significantly improved after intervention ( P < 0.05 ), and the improvement degree in the nursing intervention group was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). It is proved that comprehensive nursing intervention has a good effect on improving sleep quality, relieving physical pain, improving the quality of life, and reducing complications of lung cancer patients and can effectively improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients.
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El-Khatib, Ellen, and Shirley Lehnert. "Lung density changes observed in vivo in rat lungs after irradiation: Variations among and within individual lungs." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 16, no. 3 (March 1989): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(89)90494-x.
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Goldenberg, D. M., H. Goldenberg, E. Higginbotham-Ford, D. Shochat, and E. Ruoslahti. "Imaging of primary and metastatic liver cancer with 131I monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against alphafetoprotein." Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 11 (November 1987): 1827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.11.1827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thirteen patients with a history of confirmed liver carcinoma were given either I131 goat polyclonal or murine monoclonal antibodies against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and then scanned with a gamma camera. In order to reduce background, nontarget activity, especially in the liver, blood pool, and reticuloendothelial system, 99mTc imaging agents were used for tumor image enhancement by computer-assisted subtraction. A sensitivity of 91% for the primary site, 50% for the lungs (33% for the chest area), and 75% for the abdomen and pelvis was achieved, with a specificity of 100%, 94%, and 100% for these sites, respectively. The accuracy was determined to be 93% for the liver, 86% for the lungs (77% for the chest), and 85% for the abdominal and pelvic area, resulting in an overall accuracy rate for imaging primary and metastatic hepatocellular cancer of 84% (90% if bone metastases are excluded). In two of the 13 patients, lesions that had been missed by conventional liver scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography (CT) were first shown by radioimmunodetection (RAID).
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Vani, Vanina, Daniele Regge, Giovanni Cappello, Michela Gabelloni, and Emanuele Neri. "Imaging of Adverse Events Related to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy." Diagnostics 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is becoming standard of practice for an increasing number of cancer types. ICIs enhance T-cell action against the cancer cells. By unbalancing the immune system ICIs may cause dysimmune toxicities, a series of disorders broadly defined immune-related adverse events (irAEs). IrAEs may affect any organ or apparatus and most frequently involve skin, colon, endocrine organs, liver, and lungs. Early identification and appropriate treatment of irAEs can improve patient outcome. The paper aims at reviewing mechanisms of the occurrence of irAEs, the importance of a proper diagnosis and the main pillars of therapy. To provide effective guidance to the comprehension of major irAEs imaging findings will be reviewed.
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Chaya Devi, S. K., and T. Satya Savithri. "Review: On Segmentation of Nodules from Posterior and Anterior Chest Radiographs." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9752638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung cancer is one of the major types of cancer in the world. Survival rate can be increased if the disease can be identified early. Posterior and anterior chest radiography and computerized tomography scans are the most used diagnosis techniques for detecting tumor from lungs. Posterior and anterior chest radiography requires less radiation dose and is available in most of the diagnostic centers and it costs less compared to the remaining diagnosis techniques. So PA chest radiography became the most commonly used technique for lung cancer detection. Because of superimposed anatomical structures present in the image, sometimes radiologists cannot find abnormalities from the image. To help radiologists in diagnosing tumor from PA chest radiographic images range of CAD scheme has been developed for the past three decades. These computerized tools may be used by radiologists as a second opinion in detecting tumor. Literature survey on detecting tumors from chest graphs is presented in this paper.
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Pachala, Praveen Kumar, and Polaiah Bojja. "Development of Medical Image Analytics by Deep Learning Model for Prediction and Classification of CT Image Diseases." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 2229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The CT images of Lung illnesses or diseases that damage the lungs and weaken the respiratory system. Lung cancer is one of the topmost causes of death in humans around the world. Humans have a better chance of surviving if they are detected early. The average survival rate of persons with lung cancer increases from 14 to 49 percent if the disease is detected early. While computed tomography (CT) is significantly more effective than X-ray, a complete diagnosis requires a combination of imaging techniques that complement each other. But, because there are multiple phases of cancer that develop into different types of tumors with varying sizes and risks, finding lung cancer does not predict the risk of cancer. A deep neural network is constructed and tested for detecting lung cancer CT images. This research work analyses different types of tumor sizes such as large cell carcinoma, normal, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Also, the lung tumors are detected and predicted with the help of computer vision methods such as Residual neural network (ResNet), Convolutional neural network (CNN). Finally, the results of all the methods are compared and various parameters were calculated. Thus, the proposed method (ResNet) gives an optimal solution on comparison with respect to all the parameters.
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Gupta, Chetna, Aadya Jaipuria, and Nikesh Gupta. "Inhalable Formulations to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Recent Therapies and Developments." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cancer has been the leading cause of mortalities, with lung cancer contributing 18% to overall deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. The primary form of therapy used to treat lung cancer still includes oral and systemic administration of drugs, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Some patients have to go through a regime of combination therapy. Despite being the only available form of therapy, their use is limited due to the adverse effects, toxicity, and development of resistance over prolonged use. This led to a shift and progressive evolution into using pulmonary drug delivery systems. Being a non-invasive method of drug-administration and allowing localized delivery of drugs to cancer cells, inhalable drug delivery systems can lead to lower dosing and fewer systemic toxicities over other conventional routes. In this way, we can increase the actual local concentration of the drug in lungs, which will ultimately lead to better antitumor therapy. Nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment, including imaging, screening, and tracking. Regardless of the advantages, pulmonary delivery is still in the early stages of development and various factors such as pharmacology, immunology, and toxicology should be taken into consideration for the development of suitable inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs. They face numerous physiological barriers such as lung retention and efficacy, and could also lead to toxicity due to prolonged exposure. Nano-carriers with a sustained drug release mechanism could help in overcoming these challenges. This review article will focus on the various inhalable formulations for targeted drug delivery, including nano-based delivery systems such as lipids, liposome, polymeric and inorganic nanocarriers, micelles, microparticles and nanoaggregates for lung cancer treatment. Various devices used in pulmonary drug delivery loaded on various nano-carriers are also discussed in detail.
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Schillaci, O., AM Filippis, AP Anselmo, F. Monteleone, F. Capoccetti, R. Massa, R. Maurizi Enrici, and F. Scopinaro. "Technetium-99m Tetrofosmin Imaging in Malignant Lymphomas." Tumori Journal 88, no. 3 (May 2002): S24—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160208800330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim To assess the utility of 99mTc tetrofosmin (TF) scintigraphy as a diagnostic modality in lymphomas. Methods Seventeen patients (14 with Hodgkin's disease and three with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; age range, 10-59 years) were investigated. Planar and SPECT images of the supradiaphragmatic region (including neck and chest) were obtained. All patients were untreated at the time of the first scintigraphy. Follow-up scans after therapy were acquired in six patients (in five twice), so a total of 28 scintigraphic studies were performed. Mediastinal, pulmonary, cervical, supraclavicular and axillary activity was evaluated and results were compared in a blinded fashion with those of CT. Results TF imaging demonstrated pathological focal uptake at 38 sites (16 in the mediastinum, eight in the lungs, four in the axillae, eight in the supraclavicular region and two in the cervical region) in 16 of 17 untreated patients; CT identified 24 lesions (16 in the mediastinum, two in the lungs, two in the axillae, two in the supraclavicular and two in the cervical region) in 17 patients. Scintigraphy detected 22 of the 24 lesions demonstrated by CT and revealed 16 unknown tumor sites in 10 patients. The only negative pre-treatment scintigraphy result was found in a patient with axillary lymph node involvement. On the first post-treatment scintigrams there was a reduction in the number of visualized pathological sites (seven vs 16) in five of the six patients examined. The second follow-up study demonstrated only two lesions in two of the five patients examined. Conclusions Our preliminary results indicate that TF imaging is effective in depicting supradiaphragmatic lymphoma lesions in untreated patients and suggest that serial scintigraphic studies may be suitable for monitoring response to treatment. However, larger series are needed to better define the possible role of TF scintigraphy in the follow-up of the response to therapy.
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Zielinski, Rafal J., Krzysztof Grela Grela, Roberto Cardenas-Zuniga, Stanislaw Skora, Izabela Fokt, Edward Felix, Damian Grybowski, and Waldemar Priebe. "Abstract 4048: New approach to target metastatic colorectal cancer organotropism with L-Annamycin." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently occurring disease and the second most common cause of cancer deaths when men and women are combined. CRC metastasis is strongly associated with mortality. The liver and lungs are the most frequent sites of distant disease, accounting for ~70% and ~12% of cases, respectively. We hypothesize that anticancer agents that mimic the organotropism of metastatic CRC will be highly effective in treating CRC patients. Our studies have identified that Annamycin (ANN), a potent topoisomerase II poison that displays organotropism imitating that of metastatic CRC. ANN is an analog of doxorubicin (Dox) that shows unique properties. Notably, ANN is active against multidrug-resistant tumors and undergoes efficient uptake by lungs and liver. ANN is easily formulated in multilamellar liposomes (L-ANN), which further increases ANN levels in lungs and liver. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of L-ANN in experimental CRC liver and lung metastasis models. Methods. The efficacy of L-ANN was tested in syngeneic models of metastatic CRC established in lungs or liver. For lung metastasis model, CT26-Luc cells were injected intravenously (IV) into Balb/c mice, followed by weekly IV treatment of L-ANN (4 and 6 mg/kg). The liver metastatic model was established using intrasplenic injection protocol. Mice received six weekly IV injections of 4 mg/kg of L-ANN or vehicle. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computer Tomography (CT) were used to track tumor progression. Results. L-ANN exhibited robust antitumor activity in both models. In the lung metastasis model, a dose-dependent delay in the tumor progression was visualized by both BLI and CT scan in the L-ANN treated group. The delay correlated with 272% extension of survival in the group receiving 6 mg/kg L-ANN [median survival (MS) 79d for treated vs 29d vehicle, p<0.0001] and 234% for the animals dosed with L-ANN at 4 mg/kg [MS 68d, p=0.0012]. In the liver metastasis model, all vehicle-treated mice showed massive tumors in the liver and peritoneal cavity as monitored by BLI and MRI. In the vehicle group, 13/14 died or were euthanized by 35d (median survival was 34.5d). Yet, no tumors were detected by BLI or MRI in L-ANN treated mice as of 44d and 0/14 mice died (100% survival). This indicates a highly significant (P< 0.0001) extension of survival (ongoing experiment). Conclusion. In summary, the strategy to develop anticancer agents that imitate metastatic CRC organotropism appears to be highly promising and is supported by these results. Our previous in vivo studies of L-ANN in sarcoma lung metastasis models already led to initiation of multicenter clinical studies (NCT04887298). This study demonstrating L-ANN efficacy in CRC models provides convincing evidence for further preclinical development aimed at initiation of clinical studies in CRC metastatic patients. Citation Format: Rafal J. Zielinski, Krzysztof Grela Grela, Roberto Cardenas-Zuniga, Stanislaw Skora, Izabela Fokt, Edward Felix, Damian Grybowski, Waldemar Priebe. New approach to target metastatic colorectal cancer organotropism with L-Annamycin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4048.
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Korol, Pavel, A. Samokhin, and Oleg Shcherbina. "FAPI-PET/CT: A New Direction For Diagnostic Imaging In Nuclear Medicine." Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy, no. 4 (2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37336/2707-0700-2019-4-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The literature review addresses the prospects of application, FAPI-PET / CT, as a new method for diagnostic visualization of malignant tumor diseases. According to the study, a number of epidemiologically important tumor diseases, in particular breast cancer, esophagus, lungs, pancreas, tumors of the head and neck, colorectal cancer, have an extremely high absorption of FAPI in the execution of 68-Ga-FAPI-PET / CT. However, further technological improvements are required in order for FAPI-PET / CT imaging, by computing SUV, to become part of routine medical practice. Key words: positron emission tomography, radiopharmaceutical, fibroblast-associated protein, standardized uptake value.
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Korol, Pavel, A. Samokhin, Oleg Shcherbina, and N. Ponomarenko. "FAPI-PET/CT: A New Direction For Diagnostic Imaging In Nuclear Medicine." Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy, no. 4 (2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37336/2707-0700-2019-4-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The literature review addresses the prospects of application, FAPI-PET / CT, as a new method for diagnostic visualization of malignant tumor diseases. According to the study, a number of epidemiologically important tumor diseases, in particular breast cancer, esophagus, lungs, pancreas, tumors of the head and neck, colorectal cancer, have an extremely high absorption of FAPI in the execution of 68-Ga-FAPI-PET / CT. However, further technological improvements are required in order for FAPI-PET / CT imaging, by computing SUV, to become part of routine medical practice. Key words: positron emission tomography, radiopharmaceutical, fibroblast-associated protein, standardized uptake value.
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Begemann, Diane, Nicolas Johnston, Marissa O’Callaghan, Grace Walton, Valeriya Steffey, and Fallon Noto. "Abstract A040: In vivo imaging of ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer models hosted in the Sprague-Dawley Rag2 null Il2rgamma null SRG rat (OncoRat®)." Cancer Research 83, no. 2_Supplement_2 (January 15, 2023): A040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-a040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Human cancer xenografts are a vital tool for understanding tumor biology. While in vivo studies are traditionally done in immunocompromised mice, we have created the SRG OncoRat® that is an excellent host for human xenografts. In vivo luminescent imaging is routinely used in mouse models, and it is particularly useful for studying orthotopic xenografts or metastatic models. In this study, we validated the SRG rat as a model that can effectively be used for in vivo imaging of human cancers. For the current study, we assessed two tumor models. OV81.2-luc is a luciferase positive cell line that was generated from ascites collection from a grade IIIC serous ovarian carcinoma. Tumors were established by inoculating OV81.2-luc cells IP into female SRG rats and female NSG mice, then treated with vehicle or cisplatin for 28 days. Human non-small cell lung cancer line H358-luc is luciferase positive and metastasizes to lung when injected subcutaneously into the hind flank of SRG rats. Tumors were measured thrice weekly with calipers. For both studies, we performed weekly in vivo luciferase imaging using Spectral Instruments AMI-HT. Tumors established rapidly for both OV81.2-luc and H358-luc in both SRG rats and NSG mice, with luciferin positive signal starting one week post inoculation. In OV81.2-luc hosting animals, upon necropsy, tumors were found on multiple abdominal organs including the peritoneum, ovary, mesentery, intestines, kidneys, liver, and body cavity wall. Metastatic events outside the abdominal cavity were not evident in OV81.2-luc hosting animals. In H358-luc tumor bearing rats, a high metastatic tumor burden was found in the lungs. These data confirm that the SRG rat is an excellent host for studying human cancer when compared to commonly used immunodeficient mouse models. Data demonstrate that the SRG rat has a high utility for studies using both in vivo imaging, such as orthotopic tumor implantation, and studies on metastasis. As the most immunodeficient rat commercially available, the SRG rat retains the ability to establish human tumors while possessing size, physiology, and metabolism-based advantages when compared to mice. Citation Format: Diane Begemann, Nicolas Johnston, Marissa O’Callaghan, Grace Walton, Valeriya Steffey, Fallon Noto. In vivo imaging of ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer models hosted in the Sprague-Dawley Rag2 null Il2rgamma null SRG rat (OncoRat®) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A040.
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Dutour, A., A. Decouveleare, V. Josserand, J. Coll, F. Chotel, and R. Rousseau. "Improving the detection of osteosarcoma tumor margins and metastasis using diagnostic nanoparticles." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 10512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.10512.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
10512 Background: The aim of osteosarcoma resection is the complete removal of the primary malignant lesion with adequate margins taking into account tumor control and functional reconstruction. To date, no intraoperative method is available to assist surgeons in precisely delineating tumor extension in the adjacent normal tissues. Thus, preoperative imaging and extended surgical resection remains the gold standard. We developed fluorescent nanoparticles RAFT-cRGD4-ICG’ targeting αVβ3 integrins on tumor neovessels and demonstrated their capacity to reveal tumor and its margins when exposed to near infrared (NIR) light. Methods: We evaluated in an orthotopic metastatic osteosarcoma in rats the potential of RAFT-cRGD4-ICG’ detected intra operatively by NIR illumination to improve margin resection without compromising local tumor control. Controls consisted of pathological margin analysis of the resected tumor/metastasis comparing ICG’ fluorescence with conventional tissue coloration, and pre operative magnetic resonance imaging. Results: We showed a significantly lesser extent of healthy tissue resection after surgical excision when assessing tumor margin intra operatively using RAFT-cRGD4-ICG’ and NIR camera compared to preoperative imaging studies and post operative conventional pathology coloration (p<0.01). Importantly, intraoperative NIR illumination of lungs revealed more metastases than by intraoperative manual lung palpation (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our preclinical data confirm the potential of intraoperative imaging for improved primary tumor and lung metastasis excision. We are now generating clinical-grade RAFT-cRGD4-ICG’ to further evaluate this approach as a mean to improve functional outcome after surgical excision while maintaining tumor control in patients with relapsed/metastatic osteosarcoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Beebe-Wang, Joanne, Avraham Dilmanian, Stephen Peggs, David Schlyer, and Paul Vaska. "Pet imaging of dose distribution in proton-beam cancer therapy." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 20, no. 1 (2005): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0501023b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proton therapy is a treatment modality of increasing utility in clinical radiation oncology mostly because its dose distribution conforms more tightly to the target volume than X-ray radiation therapy. One important feature of proton therapy is that it produces a small amount of positron-emitting isotopes along the beam-path through the non-elastic nuclear interaction of protons with target nuclei such as 12C, 14N, and 16O. These radio isotopes, mainly 11C, 13N, and 15O, al low imaging the therapy dose distribution using positron emission tomography. The resulting positron emission tomography images provide a powerful tool for quality assurance of the treatment, especially when treating inhomogeneous organs such as the lungs or the head-and-neck, where the calculation of the dose distribution for treatment planning is more difficult. This pa per uses Monte Carlo simulations to predict the yield of positron emitters produced by a 250 MeV proton beam, and to simulate the productions of the image in a clinical PET scanner.
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Mostyka, Maria, Jose Jessurun, and Cathleen Matrai. "Sarcoid-Like Granulomatosis in a Patient With Breast Cancer Mimicking Refractory Metastatic Disease." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 28, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896920905887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sarcoid-like granulomatosis is a known but rare adverse reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced solid tumors. We present a case of a 29-year-old female with a pathologically confirmed poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with presumed metastases to the lungs, hilar lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Despite appropriate chemotherapy, the patient developed pulmonary lesions that were interpreted on imaging studies as progression of malignancy. Autopsy revealed disseminated sarcoid-like granulomatosis with multiple noncaseating granulomata with associated fibrosis in the lungs, liver, and spleen. No residual invasive carcinoma or metastatic disease was identified. This case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating this nonneoplastic process from progressive disease in the clinical setting.
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Sellmyer, Mark A., Iljung Lee, Catherine Hou, Chi-Chang Weng, Shihong Li, Brian P. Lieberman, Chenbo Zeng, David A. Mankoff, and Robert H. Mach. "Bacterial infection imaging with [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (July 17, 2017): 8372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703109114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is often overlap in the diagnostic features of common pathologic processes such as infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer both clinically and using conventional imaging techniques. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography probe for live bacterial infection based on the small-molecule antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim, or [18F]FPTMP, shows a greater than 100-fold increased uptake in vitro in live bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to controls. In a rodent myositis model, [18F]FPTMP identified live bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from other etiologies including chemical inflammation (turpentine) and cancer (breast carcinoma). Additionally, the biodistribution of [18F]FPTMP in a nonhuman primate shows low background in many important tissues that may be sites of infection such as the lungs and soft tissues. These results suggest that [18F]FPTMP could be a broadly useful agent for the sensitive and specific imaging of bacterial infection with strong translational potential.