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Статті в журналах з теми "Lung function trajectories"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Belgrave, Danielle C. M., Iain Buchan, Christopher Bishop, Lesley Lowe, Angela Simpson, and Adnan Custovic. "Trajectories of Lung Function during Childhood." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 189, no. 9 (May 2014): 1101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201309-1700oc.

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2

Agusti, Alvar, and Rosa Faner. "Lung function trajectories in health and disease." Lancet Respiratory Medicine 7, no. 4 (April 2019): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30529-0.

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3

Krishnan, Jamuna K., and Fernando J. Martinez. "Lung function trajectories and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000456.

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4

Burki, Talha Khan. "Lung function trajectories differ in patients with COPD." Lancet Respiratory Medicine 3, no. 9 (September 2015): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00329-x.

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5

Abraham, Shinu. "Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." South African Respiratory Journal 21, no. 3 (October 21, 2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/10.2015.v21i3.83.

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6

Lange, Peter, Bartolome Celli, Alvar Agustí, Gorm Boje Jensen, Miguel Divo, Rosa Faner, Stefano Guerra, et al. "Lung-Function Trajectories Leading to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1411532.

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7

Puhan, Milo A. "Predicting individual lung-function trajectories: An opportunity for prevention?" Canadian Medical Association Journal 188, no. 14 (August 2, 2016): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160611.

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8

Ferraro, Valentina Agnese, Raimondo Junior Castaldo, Valentina Tonazzo, Stefania Zanconato, and Silvia Carraro. "Lung Function in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia." Children 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020290.

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Анотація:

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance that results in accumulation of mucus and bacteria in the airways. Lower respiratory tract infections lead to airway remodeling and lung function impairment. The aim of our narrative review is to discuss available data on lung function in PCD children, focusing on risk factors for lung function impairment. Methods: Relevant published studies searching MEDLINE/Pubmed are included in this narrative review, using these terms: “primary ciliary dyskinesia” and “pulmonary function test” or “spirometry” or “lung function”. Filters were language (English) and age of study subjects (0–18 years). Results and Conclusions: The majority of recent published studies showed normal spirometric values in PCD children, even if some authors described a pulmonary impairment. Together with spirometry, Lung Clearance Index has been applied for detecting peripheral airway disease, and it might have a role in early mild lung disease assessment. Studies on lung function trajectories after PCD diagnosis showed a significant heterogeneity, with some patients maintaining reasonably good lung function, whereas others showing a decline. Further studies are needed to analyze lung function prospectively from childhood into adulthood, and to evaluate whether lung function trajectories are affected by PCD clinical phenotype, ultrastructural ciliary defect or genetic background.

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9

Ali, Gulshan Bano, Dinh Son Bui, Caroline Jane Lodge, Nilakshi T. Waidyatillake, Jennifer L. Perret, Cong Sun, Eugene Haydn Walters, Michael John Abramson, Adrian J. Lowe, and Shyamali Chandrika Dharmage. "Infant body mass index trajectories and asthma and lung function." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 148, no. 3 (September 2021): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.020.

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10

Roda, Célina, Osama Mahmoud, Gabriela P. Peralta, Elaine Fuertes, Raquel Granell, Ignasi Serra, John Henderson, Deborah Jarvis, and Judith Garcia-Aymerich. "Physical-activity trajectories during childhood and lung function at 15 years: findings from the ALSPAC cohort." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz128.

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Abstract Background Although physical activity has many known health benefits, its association with lung function in childhood/adolescence remains unclear. We examined the association of physical-activity trajectories between 11 and 15 years with lung function at 15 years in 2266 adolescents. Methods A population-based cohort of 14 305 singleton births alive at 1 year was recruited in the UK population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Physical activity (counts/minute and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) was assessed for 7 days using an accelerometer at 11, 13 and 15 years. We identified sex-specific physical-activity trajectories applying K-means for longitudinal data in children with at least two accelerometer measurements (n = 3584). We then estimated the sex-specific associations of these trajectories with post-bronchodilation lung-function parameters using multivariable linear-regression models (n = 2266, 45% boys). Results Fewer than 7% of participants met the WHO physical-activity recommendations (i.e. daily average of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Boys were substantially more active than girls. In both sexes, we identified three distinct physical-activity trajectories (‘low’: 39.8% boys, 45.8% girls; ‘moderate’: 42.9% boys, 41.4% girls; and ‘high’ physical activity: 17.3% boys, 12.8% girls). Girls in the moderate and high physical-activity trajectories had 0.11 L [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.19] and 0.15 L (95% CI: 0.03–0.26) higher forced vital capacity than their less-active peers. No association was observed in boys. Conclusions Higher childhood physical activity relates to higher lung-function levels in adolescent girls. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association should be pursued.

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11

Bui, Dinh S., Alvar Agusti, Haydn Walters, Caroline Lodge, Jennifer L. Perret, Adrian Lowe, Gayan Bowatte, et al. "Lung function trajectory and biomarkers in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study." ERJ Open Research 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 00020–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00020-2021.

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Background and objectiveDifferent lung function trajectories through life can lead to COPD in adulthood. This study investigated whether circulating levels of biomarkers can differentiate those with accelerated (AD) from normal decline (ND) trajectories.MethodsThe Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) is a general population study that measured spirometry and followed up participants from ages 7 to 53 years. Based on their forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) trajectories from age 7 to 53 years, this analysis included those with COPD at age 53 years (60 with AD and 94 with ND) and controls (n=720) defined as never-smokers with an average FEV1 trajectory. Circulating levels of selected biomarkers determined at 53 and 45 years of age were compared between trajectories.ResultsResults showed that CC16 levels (an anti-inflammatory protein) were lower and C-reactive protein (CRP) (a pro-inflammatory marker) higher in the AD than in the ND trajectory. Higher CC16 levels were associated with a decreased risk of belonging to the AD trajectory (OR=0.79 (0.63–0.98) per unit increase) relative to ND trajectory. Higher CRP levels were associated with an increased risk of belonging to the AD trajectory (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.13, per unit increase). Levels of CC16 (area under the curve (AUC)=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.81, p=0.002), CRP (AUC=0.63, 95% CI: 0.53–0.72, p=0.01) and the combination of both (AUC=0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.83, p<0.001) were able to discriminate between the AD and ND trajectories. Other quantified biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were not significantly different between AD, ND and controls.ConclusionsCirculating levels of CRP and CC16 measured in late adulthood identify different lung function trajectories (AD versus ND) leading to COPD at age 53 years.

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12

Peralta, Gabriela P., Alicia Abellan, Parisa Montazeri, Mikel Basterrechea, Ana Esplugues, Sandra González-Palacios, Célina Roda, et al. "Early childhood growth is associated with lung function at 7 years: a prospective population-based study." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 2000157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00157-2020.

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Previous studies have related early postnatal growth with later lung function but their interpretation is limited by the methods used to assess a child's growth. We aimed to assess the association of early childhood growth, measured by body mass index (BMI) trajectories up to 4 years, with lung function at 7 years.We included 1257 children from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente population-based birth cohort. Early childhood growth was classified into five categories based on BMI trajectories up to 4 years previously identified using latent class growth analysis. These trajectories differed in birth size (“lower”, “average”, “higher”) and in BMI gain velocity (“slower”, “accelerated”). We related these trajectories to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%)) at 7 years, using multivariable mixed regression.Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had a higher FVC % pred (3.3%, 95% CI 1.0%–5.6%) and a lower FEV1/FVC % pred (−1.5%, 95% CI −2.9%–−0.1%) at 7 years. Similar associations were observed for children with lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain had lower FVC % pred at 7 years. No association was found for FEF25–75%.Independently of birth size, children with accelerated BMI gain in early childhood had higher lung function at 7 years but showed airflow limitation. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain in early childhood had lower lung function at 7 years.

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13

Jordan, Brian K., and Cindy T. McEvoy. "Trajectories of Lung Function in Infants and Children: Setting a Course for Lifelong Lung Health." Pediatrics 146, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): e20200417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0417.

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14

Okyere, Daniel O., Dinh S. Bui, George R. Washko, Caroline J. Lodge, Adrian J. Lowe, Raisa Cassim, Jennifer L. Perret, et al. "Predictors of lung function trajectories in population‐based studies: A systematic review." Respirology 26, no. 10 (September 7, 2021): 938–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/resp.14142.

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15

Patel, Naiya B., and Christopher Parrish. "Prospective Study of Disease Persistence and Lung Function Trajectories of Childhood Asthma." Pediatrics 150, Supplement 3 (December 1, 2022): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059346ppp.

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16

Mutz, Julian, and Cathryn Lewis. "Depression and Age-Related Changes in Body Composition, Cardiovascular Function, Grip Strength, and Lung Function." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1709.

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Abstract Individuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely, have higher levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated ageing. In individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and multiple physiological measures. The UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with depression compared to healthy controls. Analytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in female cases was 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was 1 mmHg lower in cases at age 45 and this difference widened to 2.5 mmHg at age 65. Individuals with depression differed from healthy controls across a broad range of physiological measures. Differences in ageing trajectories differed by sex and were not uniform across physiological measures, with evidence of both age-related narrowing and widening of case-control differences.

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17

Arshad, Syed H., Claire Hodgekiss, John W. Holloway, Graham Roberts, Wilfried Karmaus, Hongmei Zhang, Susan Ewart, Linda S. Mansfield, and Ramesh Jagath Kurukulaaratchy. "Lung Function Trajectories From Childhood To Young Adulthood; A Peek Into The Future Of Lung Health?" Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141, no. 2 (February 2018): AB81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.260.

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18

Washko, George R., Laura A. Colangelo, Raul San José Estépar, Samuel Y. Ash, Surya P. Bhatt, Yuka Okajima, Kiang Liu, et al. "Adult Life-Course Trajectories of Lung Function and the Development of Emphysema: The CARDIA Lung Study." American Journal of Medicine 133, no. 2 (February 2020): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.06.049.

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19

Mogensen, Ida, Judith M. Vonk, Sara R. A. Wijnant, Xingwu Zhou, H. Marike Boezen, Guy Brusselle, Lies Lahousse, Christer Janson, and Andrei Malinovschi. "Blood eosinophil level and lung function trajectories: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in European cohorts." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 00320–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00320-2020.

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BackgroundElevated blood eosinophils have been associated with lower lung function and are believed to be associated with accelerated lung function decline.MethodBlood eosinophils were measured in four cohorts: <45 years cohort within the Vlagtwedde–Vlaardingen (V&V) study, the Uppsala cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS-Uppsala; <45 years), ≥45 years cohort within the V&V study, and the Rotterdam study (≥45 years). Blood eosinophils at baseline were classified as normal (<300 cells·μL−1) or elevated (≥300 cells·μL−1). Lung function was measured at baseline and follow-up with spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and their ratio FEV1/VC. The association between blood eosinophils and lung function was tested cross-sectionally using linear regression and longitudinally using a mixed model, both adjusted for age, sex, height, pack-years smoking and smoking status. Stratified analyses were done for asthma.ResultsElevated blood eosinophils were associated with lower FEV1 (regression coefficient −147 mL (95% CI −188 to −105 mL)), VC (−120 mL (−165 to −75 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.3% (−1.9% to −0.6%)) at baseline in the two <45 years cohorts, and with lower FEV1 (−70 mL (−112 to −27 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.8% (−2.6% to −1.0%)) in the two ≥45 years cohorts. Elevated blood eosinophils were associated with an accelerated decline in FEV1 (−5.5 mL·year−1 (95% CI −10.5 to −0.5 mL·year−1)) and VC (−6.4 mL·year−1 (−11.26 to −1.5 mL·year−1)) compared to normal blood eosinophils in the younger asthmatic subjects in the longitudinal studies.ConclusionElevated blood eosinophils are associated with lower lung function in the general population and with an accelerated lung function decline among asthmatic individuals.

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20

Peralta, Gabriela P., Alessandro Marcon, Anne-Elie Carsin, Michael J. Abramson, Simone Accordini, André FS Amaral, Josep M. Antó, et al. "Body mass index and weight change are associated with adult lung function trajectories: the prospective ECRHS study." Thorax 75, no. 4 (February 25, 2020): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213880.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an association between weight increase and excess lung function decline in young adults followed for short periods. We aimed to estimate lung function trajectories during adulthood from 20-year weight change profiles using data from the population-based European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).MethodsWe included 3673 participants recruited at age 20–44 years with repeated measurements of weight and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) in three study waves (1991–93, 1999–2003, 2010–14) until they were 39–67 years of age. We classified subjects into weight change profiles according to baseline body mass index (BMI) categories and weight change over 20 years. We estimated trajectories of lung function over time as a function of weight change profiles using population-averaged generalised estimating equations.ResultsIn individuals with normal BMI, overweight and obesity at baseline, moderate (0.25–1 kg/year) and high weight gain (>1 kg/year) during follow-up were associated with accelerated FVC and FEV1 declines. Compared with participants with baseline normal BMI and stable weight (±0.25 kg/year), obese individuals with high weight gain during follow-up had −1011 mL (95% CI −1.259 to −763) lower estimated FVC at 65 years despite similar estimated FVC levels at 25 years. Obese individuals at baseline who lost weight (<−0.25 kg/year) exhibited an attenuation of FVC and FEV1 declines. We found no association between weight change profiles and FEV1/FVC decline.ConclusionModerate and high weight gain over 20 years was associated with accelerated lung function decline, while weight loss was related to its attenuation. Control of weight gain is important for maintaining good lung function in adult life.

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21

Krol, Katherine A., and Augusto A. Litonjua. "Beyond obesity: The complex relationship between early growth trajectories and later lung function." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 148, no. 3 (September 2021): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.009.

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22

Allinson, James P., Rebecca Hardy, Gavin C. Donaldson, Seif O. Shaheen, Diana Kuh, and Jadwiga A. Wedzicha. "Combined Impact of Smoking and Early-Life Exposures on Adult Lung Function Trajectories." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 196, no. 8 (October 15, 2017): 1021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201703-0506oc.

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23

Peralta, Gabriela P., Elaine Fuertes, Raquel Granell, Osama Mahmoud, Célina Roda, Ignasi Serra, Deborah Jarvis, John Henderson, and Judith Garcia-Aymerich. "Childhood Body Composition Trajectories and Adolescent Lung Function. Findings from the ALSPAC study." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 200, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201806-1168oc.

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24

Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C., Petter Mowinckel, Vegard Hovland, Geir Håland, Amund Riiser, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen. "Lung function trajectories from birth through puberty reflect asthma phenotypes with allergic comorbidity." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 134, no. 4 (October 2014): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.020.

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25

Gold, Diane R., Joanne E. Sordillo, and Brent A. Coull. "Lung Function Tracking throughout Childhood: Growth Trajectories May Not Be Set in Stone." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 8, no. 4 (April 2020): 1272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.043.

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26

Wilson, T. A., M. J. Hill, and R. D. Hubmayr. "Regional lung volume trajectories during expiratory flow in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1144.

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Parenchymal markers were placed in the left caudal lobes of anesthetized dogs, and the three-dimensional positions of the markers were tracked by biplane videofluoroscopy during expiration from total lung capacity (TLC) to approximately 30% TLC at steady expiratory flows of 0.3-7% TLC/s. Regional volumes of samples of parenchyma with volumes at TLC of 1-5 cm3 were obtained by computing the volumes of tetrahedral defined by taking the markers, four at a time, as apices of the tetrahedra, Regional volume (Vr), as a fraction of volume at TLC, was plotted against average volume (VL), as a fraction of volume at TLC, and Vr was fit by a quadratic function of VL. The initial slopes of the plots, dVr/dVL at VL = 1, varied by +/- 26% from the mean slope of 1. The curvatures were highly correlated with the slopes, and the Vr vs. VL plots formed a nest of “onion skins”. The initial slopes were weakly correlated with the vertical position of the centroid of the tetrahedron, with the slope increasing by approximately 20%/cm, on average, in the dorsal direction in the supine dog. The vertical gradient in Vr accounted for approximately 30% of the total variability; small-scale heterogeneity contributed the remaining 70%. These results confirm earlier quasistatic measurements of nonuniform Vr and provide the first data on curvature of Vr trajectories. The mechanisms that cause the nongravitational component of Vr variability and the curvatures of the trajectories are unknown.

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27

Vestbo, Jørgen. "Childhood Asthma, Lung Function Trajectories, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Additional Step Forward." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 15, no. 9 (September 2018): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201807-440ed.

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28

van Oostrom, Sandra H., Peter M. Engelfriet, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Maarten Schipper, Inge M. Wouters, Marike Boezen, Henriëtte A. Smit, Huib A. M. Kerstjens, and H. Susan J. Picavet. "Aging-related trajectories of lung function in the general population—The Doetinchem Cohort Study." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): e0197250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197250.

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29

Deliveira, Thais Lopes, and Sara Hägg. "FUNCTIONAL AGING TRAJECTORIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.965.

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Abstract Markers of functional aging can be used to track biological aging longitudinally and how it changes in response to the environment, e.g., drugs. We aimed to investigate how different drug classes may alter functional aging trajectories using data from the National E-infrastructure of Aging Research (NEAR) in Sweden. Data were harmonized across several longitudinal cohorts of aging for general cognitive performance, grip strength, walking speed, sensory ability (visual and hearing), lung function and assessment of frailty using the accumulation deficit model known as the frailty index. Selected drug classes were lipid lowering, glucose lowering and blood pressure lowering medications that are commonly used in old adults. Preliminary analysis using data from one longitudinal cohort shows that using glucose lowering drugs was associated with lower frailty. Additional analyses are ongoing to increase sample sizes. We anticipate that several drug classes may be important for changing functional aging trajectories in late life.

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30

Mutz, Julian, and Cathryn M. Lewis. "Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, grip strength and lung function: sex-specific analyses in the UK Biobank." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.166.

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AimsIndividuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely, have higher levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated ageing. In individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and multiple physiological measures.MethodThe UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37–73 years, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with depression compared to healthy controls.ResultAnalytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in female cases was 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was 1 mmHg lower in cases at age 45 and this difference widened to 2.5 mmHg at age 65.ConclusionIndividuals with depression differed from healthy controls across a broad range of physiological measures. Differences in ageing trajectories differed by sex and were not uniform across physiological measures, with evidence of both age-related narrowing and widening of case-control differences.

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31

Zhang, Hui, Xia Li, Lixue Huang, Xiaoyin Gu, Yimin Wang, Min Liu, Zhibo Liu, et al. "Lung-function trajectories in COVID-19 survivors after discharge: A two-year longitudinal cohort study." eClinicalMedicine 54 (December 2022): 101668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101668.

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Ross, James C., Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Craig P. Hersh, Farbod N. Rahaghi, Gonzalo V. Sánchez-Ferrero, Margaret M. Parker, et al. "Longitudinal Modeling of Lung Function Trajectories in Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 198, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201707-1405oc.

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Marott, Jacob Louis, Truls Sylvan Ingebrigtsen, Yunus Çolak, Jørgen Vestbo, and Peter Lange. "Lung Function Trajectories Leading to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as Predictors of Exacerbations and Mortality." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 202, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201911-2115oc.

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Simpson, Shannon J., Lidija Turkovic, Andrew C. Wilson, Maureen Verheggen, Karla M. Logie, J. Jane Pillow, and Graham L. Hall. "Lung function trajectories throughout childhood in survivors of very preterm birth: a longitudinal cohort study." Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2, no. 5 (May 2018): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30064-6.

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Aldrich, Thomas K., Madeline Vossbrinck, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Charles B. Hall, Theresa M. Schwartz, William Moir, Mayris P. Webber, et al. "Lung Function Trajectories in World Trade Center-Exposed New York City Firefighters Over 13 Years." Chest 149, no. 6 (June 2016): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.10.067.

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Deolmi, Michela, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Matteo Motta, Heidi Makrinioti, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, and Susanna Esposito. "Early Origins of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prenatal and Early Life Risk Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032294.

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The main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is active smoking. However, a considerable amount of people with COPD never smoked, and increasing evidence suggests that adult lung disease can have its origins in prenatal and early life. This article reviews some of the factors that can potentially affect lung development and lung function trajectories throughout the lifespan from genetics and prematurity to respiratory tract infections and childhood asthma. Maternal smoking and air pollution exposure were also analyzed among the environmental factors. The adoption of preventive strategies to avoid these risk factors since the prenatal period may be crucial to prevent, delay the onset or modify the progression of COPD lung disease throughout life.

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Psoter, K., K. Dickinson, K. Riekert, and M. Collaco. "53: Distinct early life growth trajectories in CF are associated with lung function at 6 years." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 20 (November 2021): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01478-8.

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Feenstra, Marlies, Barbara C. van Munster, Janet L. MacNeil Vroomen, Sophia E. de Rooij, and Nynke Smidt. "Trajectories of self-rated health in an older general population and their determinants: the Lifelines Cohort Study." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e035012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035012.

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ObjectivesPoor self-rated health (SRH) is a strong predictor of premature mortality in older adults. Trajectories of poor SRH are associated with multimorbidity and unhealthy behaviours. Whether trajectories of SRH are associated with deviating physiological markers is unclear. This study identified trajectories of SRH and investigated the associations of trajectory membership with chronic diseases, health risk behaviours and physiological markers in community-dwelling older adults.Study design and settingProspective general population cohort.ParticipantsTrajectories of SRH over 5 years were identified using data of 11 600 participants aged 65 years and older of the Lifelines Cohort Study.Outcome measuresTrajectories of SRH were the main outcome. Covariates included demographics (age, gender, education), chronic diseases, health-risk behaviour (physical activity, smoking, drinking) and physiological markers (body mass index, cardiovascular function, lung function, glucose metabolism, haematological condition, endocrine function, renal function, liver function and cognitive function).ResultsFour stable trajectories were identified, including excellent (n=607, 6%), good (n=2111, 19%), moderate (n=7677, 65%) and poor SRH (n=1205, 10%). Being women (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.9), low education (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.0), one (OR: 10.4; 95% CI: 7.4 to 14.7) or multiple chronic diseases (OR: 37.8; 95% CI: 22.4 to 71.8), smoking (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.2), physical inactivity (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 5.2), alcohol abstinence (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.2) and deviating physiological markers (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.0) increase the odds for a higher probability of poor SRH trajectory membership compared with excellent SRH trajectory membership.ConclusionSRH of community-dwelling older adults is stable over time with the majority (65%) having moderate SRH. Older adults with higher probabilities of poor SRH often have unfavourable health status.

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McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A., and Joseph M. Collaco. "Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what are its links to COPD?" Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 13 (January 2019): 175346661989249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466619892492.

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Emerging evidence suggests that adverse early life events can affect long-term health trajectories throughout life. Preterm birth, in particular, is a significant early life event that affects approximately 10% of live births. Worldwide, prematurity is the number one cause of death in children less than 5 years of age and has been shown to disrupt normal lung development with lasting effects into adult life. Along with impaired lung development, interventions used to support gas exchange and other sequelae of prematurity can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic respiratory disease of infancy characterized by alveolar simplification, small airways disease, and pulmonary vascular changes. Although many survivors of BPD improve with age, survivors of BPD often have chronic lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction and intermittent pulmonary exacerbations. Long-term lung function trajectories as measured by FEV1 can be lower in children and adults with a history BPD. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and manifestations of BPD and its long-term consequences throughout childhood and into adulthood. Available evidence suggests that disrupted lung development, genetic susceptibility and subsequent environment and infectious events that occur in prenatal and postnatal life likely increase the predisposition of children with BPD to develop early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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Mutz, J., and C. Lewis. "Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures, grip strength and lung function." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1835.

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IntroductionIndividuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely and may experience accelerated biological ageing.ObjectivesWe examined sex-specific associations between age and physiological measures in individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls.MethodsUK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to examine associations between age and multiple cardiovascular, body composition, grip strength and lung function measures. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with lifetime depression compared to healthy controls.ResultsAnalytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years, SD = 8.09; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with lifetime depression. However, these differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in females with lifetime depression was approximately 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to about 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was approximately 1 mmHg lower in individuals with lifetime depression at age 45 and this difference widened to about 2.5 mmHg at age 65.ConclusionsEvidence of differences in ageing trajectories between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls was not uniform across physiological measures and differed by sex.DisclosureJM receives studentship funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Eli Lilly and Company Limited. CML is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Myriad Neuroscience.

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Simons, Morgan, Chen Lyu, Iman Osman, and Hua Zhong. "Trajectory of aging following diagnosis of cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 12087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.12087.

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12087 Background: Aging is a nebulous concept with several definitions, but they all generally include physical and cognitive decline in function as a key component. We hypothesized that following cancer diagnosis, patients decline in physical and cognitive function would correspond with accelerated and/or accentuated aging trajectories. The magnitude of the functional changes could inform strategies to minimize impact of cancer diagnosis on trajectory of aging. Methods: We analyzed 32,935 participants >50 years enrolled between 1995-2018 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based, biennial longitudinal health interview survey of older adults in the United States. We assessed the changes in physical and cognitive function among cancer patients controlling for their pre-cancer trajectories and comparing it with aged population with no cancer diagnosis as control. The primary outcomes were change in physical function (Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL): range 0–11) and global cognitive function (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS): range 0–27). The secondary outcome was change in self-rated health (SRH: range 1-5). We estimated the effect of acute change based on the immediate post-cancer outcome measurements compared to the trajectories before cancer; and the long-term effect as the per-year change in outcome decline post cancer compared to aging of cancer-free respondents adjusting covariates by linear mixed models. Results: 5,101 developed incident cancer: 1,514 in the 50-64 age group, 1,901 in the 65-74 age group, and 1,686 in the 75+ age group. 27,834 participants were cancer-free throughout. Cancer was associated with acute declines in physical function (0.06 [0.01– 0.10] and 0.25 [0.14– 0.36] points), cognitive function (0.22 [0.04–0.39] and 0.24 [0.01– 0.46] points), and SRH (0.19 [0.14–0.23] and 0.22 [0.12–0.33] points) for age of onset groups 50- and 75+ respectively. Moreover, participants with cancer demonstrated accelerated decline in physical function (0.02 [0.01–0.03], and 0.06 [0.05–0.07] points per year faster for 50-74 and 75+ age-of-onset groups respectively) compared to cancer-free participants, but not in cognitive and SRH. Lung, colorectal & breast cancer were associated with the highest acute and accelerated decline in functions, while prostate cancer was associated with moderate and insignificant decline. Conclusions: Using 24 years of nationally representative longitudinal data, this study provides, for the first time, evidence for the heterogeneous aging trajectories of cancer patients across varying age-of-onset and cancer types. Our results supported an accelerated aging trajectory of physical function with increased acceleration with increasing age-of-onset compared to the non-cancer population. It also provides evidence for accentuated aging trajectories of cognitive function and self-rated health.

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Simons, Morgan, Chen Lyu, Iman Osman, and Hua Zhong. "Trajectory of aging following diagnosis of cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 12087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.12087.

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12087 Background: Aging is a nebulous concept with several definitions, but they all generally include physical and cognitive decline in function as a key component. We hypothesized that following cancer diagnosis, patients decline in physical and cognitive function would correspond with accelerated and/or accentuated aging trajectories. The magnitude of the functional changes could inform strategies to minimize impact of cancer diagnosis on trajectory of aging. Methods: We analyzed 32,935 participants >50 years enrolled between 1995-2018 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based, biennial longitudinal health interview survey of older adults in the United States. We assessed the changes in physical and cognitive function among cancer patients controlling for their pre-cancer trajectories and comparing it with aged population with no cancer diagnosis as control. The primary outcomes were change in physical function (Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL): range 0–11) and global cognitive function (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS): range 0–27). The secondary outcome was change in self-rated health (SRH: range 1-5). We estimated the effect of acute change based on the immediate post-cancer outcome measurements compared to the trajectories before cancer; and the long-term effect as the per-year change in outcome decline post cancer compared to aging of cancer-free respondents adjusting covariates by linear mixed models. Results: 5,101 developed incident cancer: 1,514 in the 50-64 age group, 1,901 in the 65-74 age group, and 1,686 in the 75+ age group. 27,834 participants were cancer-free throughout. Cancer was associated with acute declines in physical function (0.06 [0.01– 0.10] and 0.25 [0.14– 0.36] points), cognitive function (0.22 [0.04–0.39] and 0.24 [0.01– 0.46] points), and SRH (0.19 [0.14–0.23] and 0.22 [0.12–0.33] points) for age of onset groups 50- and 75+ respectively. Moreover, participants with cancer demonstrated accelerated decline in physical function (0.02 [0.01–0.03], and 0.06 [0.05–0.07] points per year faster for 50-74 and 75+ age-of-onset groups respectively) compared to cancer-free participants, but not in cognitive and SRH. Lung, colorectal & breast cancer were associated with the highest acute and accelerated decline in functions, while prostate cancer was associated with moderate and insignificant decline. Conclusions: Using 24 years of nationally representative longitudinal data, this study provides, for the first time, evidence for the heterogeneous aging trajectories of cancer patients across varying age-of-onset and cancer types. Our results supported an accelerated aging trajectory of physical function with increased acceleration with increasing age-of-onset compared to the non-cancer population. It also provides evidence for accentuated aging trajectories of cognitive function and self-rated health.

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Pendergrast, Cathy, Terry Boyle, Alan Crockett, Roger Eston, Paul Fletcher, and Kylie Johnston. "Characterisation of Firefighter Lung Function Trajectories in the South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service Respiratory Function Measurement and Surveillance Study (RFMS-SAMFS)." Safety and Health at Work 13 (January 2022): S251—S252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.1536.

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Yamada, Shingo, Takao Fujisawa, Mizuho Nagao, Hiroshi Matsuzaki, Chikako Motomura, Hiroshi Odajima, Toshinori Nakamura, et al. "Risk Factors for Lung Function Decline in Pediatric Asthma under Treatment: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study." Children 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101516.

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Background: Childhood asthma is a major risk for low lung function in later adulthood, but what factors in asthma are associated with the poor lung function during childhood is not known. Objective: To identify clinical factors in children with asthma associated with low or declining lung function during the treatment. Methods: We enrolled children with asthma who had been treated throughout three age periods, i.e., 6–9, 10–12, and 13–15 years old, at seven specialized hospitals in Japan. Clinical information and lung function measurements were retrieved from the electronic chart systems. To characterize the lung function trajectories during each age period, we evaluated the forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) with % predicted values and individual changes by the slope (S) from linear regression. We defined four trajectory patterns: normal (Group N) and low (Group L), showing %FEV1 ≥80% or <80% throughout all three periods; upward (Group U) and downward (Group D), showing S ≥ 0 or S < 0%. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare factors associated with the unfavorable (D/L) versus favorable (N/U) groups. Results: Among 273 eligible patients, 197 (72%) were classified into Group N (n = 150)/U (n = 47), while 76 (28%) were in Group D (n = 66)/L (n = 10). A history of poor asthma control, long-acting beta2 agonist use, and a lower height Z-score during 13–15 years were associated with an unfavorable outcome (Group D/L). Conversely, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use during 10–12 years and high-dose ICS use during 13–15 years were associated with a favorable outcome (Group N/U). Conclusion: We identified several factors that are associated with unfavorable lung function changes in pediatric asthma. Attention should be paid to the possible relationship between yearly changes in lung function and poor asthma control, use of ICS (and its dose) and use of LABA.

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Rylance, Sarah, Chris Jewell, Andrew Naunje, Frank Mbalume, John D. Chetwood, Rebecca Nightingale, Lindsay Zurba, et al. "Non-communicable respiratory disease and air pollution exposure in Malawi: a prospective cohort study." Thorax 75, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213941.

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RationaleThere are no population-based studies from sub-Saharan Africa describing longitudinal lung function in adults.ObjectivesTo explore the lung function trajectories and their determinants, including the effects of air pollution exposures and the cleaner-burning biomass-fuelled cookstove intervention of the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS), in adults living in rural Malawi.MethodsWe assessed respiratory symptoms and exposures, spirometry and measured 48-hour personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), on three occasions over 3 years. Longitudinal data were analysed using mixed-effects modelling by maximum likelihood estimation.Measurements and main resultsWe recruited 1481 adults, mean (SD) age 43.8 (17.8) years, including 523 participants from CAPS households (271 intervention; 252 controls), and collected multiple spirometry and air pollution measurements for 654 (44%) and 929 (63%), respectively. Compared with Global Lung Function Initiative African-American reference ranges, mean (SD) FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) z-scores were −0.38 (1.14) and −0.19 (1.09). FEV1 and FVC were determined by age, sex, height, previous TB and body mass index, with FEV1 declining by 30.9 mL/year (95% CI: 21.6 to 40.1) and FVC by 38.3 mL/year (95% CI: 28.5 to 48.1). There was decreased exposure to PM2.5 in those with access to a cookstove but no effect on lung function.ConclusionsWe did not observe accelerated lung function decline in this cohort of Malawian adults, compared with that reported in healthy, non-smoking populations from high-income countries; this suggests that the lung function deficits we measured in adulthood may have origins in early life.

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Gideon, Hannah Priyadarshini, Travis K. Hughes, Marc H. Wadesworth, Sarah M. Fortune, Alex K. Shalek, and JoAnne L. Flynn. "Deciphering multicellular microenvironment of tuberculosis lung granulomas associated with bacterial control using high-throughput single-cell mRNA sequencing." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 190.41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.190.41.

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Abstract Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in the formation of tuberculosis (TB) lung granulomas, which are complex structures with a network of multiple immune cells closely intertwined and function together. Within a given host, granulomas have unique trajectories and outcomes. Some granulomas are able to control bacterial replication, while others fail resulting in persistent bacterial replication. The molecular features associated with these outcomes are not well understood. Using high-throughput single-cell mRNA sequencing on individual TB lung granulomas and computational algorithms, we are generating models to understand infection dynamics that incorporate immune cell composition, its function and interaction; bacterial burden and trajectories of the granulomas to identify robust drivers of bacterial control. We evaluated 28 granulomas from 4 cynomolgus macaques, that were infected for 10 weeks with the Erdman strain of M. tuberculosis. We identified over 30 functional clusters of cells spanning multiple immune and non-immune cells types including T cells, B cells, plasma cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, type 2 pneumocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. We observe differential cellular composition and host-cell intercellular communication constituting granulomas that are associated with bacterial burden, that may inform systems level properties across granulomas and animals. By understanding features of the cellular microenvironment that limit bacterial replication, we hope to identify novel targets for host-directed immune therapies and prophylactics in M. tuberculosis infection and other granulomatous disease.

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Gideon, Hannah Priyadarshini, Travis K. Hughes, Marc H. Wadsworth, Sarah Nyquist, Philana Ling Lin, Sarah Fortune, Alex K. Shalek, and JoAnne L. Flynn. "Temporal patterns in single cell immune profile of tuberculosis lung granulomas." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 231.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.231.29.

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Abstract Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in the formation of tuberculosis lung granulomas, which are complex structures with a network of multiple immune cells closely intertwined and function together. Within a given host, granulomas have unique trajectories and outcomes resulting in bacterial control or persistent bacterial replication and dissemination. The timing of establishment and immune composition of the granuloma in the lung plays a crucial role in the control of bacterial burden. Using high-throughput single-cell mRNA sequencing (SeqWell) on individual TB lung granulomas and computational algorithms, we are generating models to understand infection dynamics that incorporate timing of establishment, immune cell composition, its functional interactions; bacterial burden and trajectories of the granulomas to identify robust drivers of bacterial control. We evaluated original and new lung granulomas identified by PET CT scan from 15 cynomolgus macaques infected with M. tuberculosis (Erdman strain) for 4, 6 or 10 weeks. We identified over 30 functional clusters of cells spanning multiple immune and non-immune cells types including T cells, B cells, plasma cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, pneumocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. We observe differential cellular composition associated with temporal patterns (original vs. new) in granulomas that are associated with bacterial burden. By understanding these immune features associated with temporal patterns that limit bacterial replication, we hope to identify novel targets for host-directed immune therapies and prophylactics in M. tuberculosis infection and other granulomatous diseases.

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Khalfoun, Sabrina, Dmitry Tumin, Maroun Ghossein, Meredith Lind, Don Hayes, and Stephen Kirkby. "Improved Lung Function after Sinus Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Moderate Obstruction." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 2 (November 28, 2017): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599817739284.

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Objectives Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by infection and inflammation of the sinorespiratory tract. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is an option for patients with severe sinusitis. We sought to evaluate pulmonary function testing after FESS in pediatric and adult patients with CF. Study Design Retrospective chart review using data from all patients with CF who underwent FESS from January 2009 to July 2014. Setting Patients were from a single institution. Subjects and Methods Data were extracted for 181 patients and 320 surgeries. Lung function data, including the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, were retrieved within 1 year before and after surgery. Mixed-effects regression was used to compare FEV1 trajectories before and after surgery. The effect of surgery was stratified by presurgery FEV1 to compare patients with mild/no lung disease (FEV1 >80%) and moderate/severe lung disease (FEV1 <80%). Results Of the 181 patients reviewed, 131 with primary FESS had FEV1 data. Presurgery average age was 16 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.27-17.73), and FEV1 mean was 85% (95% CI, 81.02-88.98). There were 88 patients with FEV1 >80% and 43 patients with FEV1 <80%. For the entire cohort, lung function did not change related to FESS. Among patients with FEV1 <80%, FEV1 declined presurgery by 3.5% per year (95% CI, −6.1% to −0.8%; P = .010), which halted after surgery with these patients, then showing no subsequent change in FEV1 (95% CI, 0.9%-3.7%; P = .240). No benefit was identified for patients with FEV1 >80%. Conclusion Pulmonary function testing improved in patients with moderate/severe lung disease 1 year following FESS. This suggests FESS may benefit pulmonary outcomes.

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Chen, Siting, Corey Nagel, Anda Botoseneanu, Heather Allore, Jason Newsom, Stephen Thielke, Jeffrey Kaye, and Ana Quiñones. "MENTAL-SOMATIC MULTIMORBIDITY IN GROUP-BASED TRAJECTORIES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION FOR MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2273.

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Abstract Somatic and mental multimorbidity contributes to cognitive decline. The study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults, and to examine the contribution of specific somatic and mental multimorbidity combinations on subsequent risk of cognitive impairment. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify trajectories of cognitive impairment risk among participants in the Health & Retirement Study during years 1998-2016 (N=20,372). We included time-invariant sociodemographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, education) to quantify their association with trajectory class membership, and time-varying multimorbidity combinations to examine their relative impact on observed trajectories. Four somatic-mental multimorbidity combinations were analyzed: somatic multimorbidity (two or more of the following: heart disease, lung disease, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, cancer), stroke-multimorbidity (any somatic including stroke); depressive-multimorbidity (any somatic including high depressive symptoms); and stroke and depressive multimorbidity (including both stroke and high depressive symptoms). We identified three trajectory classes of cognitive impairment: low baseline risk with gradual increase (55.1%); low baseline risk with rapid increase (32.8%); and high baseline risk with gradual increase (12.1%). In the group with low baseline risk with rapid increase, stroke-multimorbidity (OR: 2.40, 95%CI: 2.11, 2.74) and depressive-multimorbidity (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.50,1.81) each had higher odds of cognitive impairment relative to somatic multimorbidity. Similarly, stroke and depressive multimorbidity (OR: 3.46, 95%CI: 2.85, 4.21) was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment compared with somatic multimorbidity. This study highlights the importance of risk modification for somatic and mental multimorbidity combinations from mid-life to inform interventions to sustain cognitive performance.

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Andrinopoulou, Eleni-Rosalina, Kazem Nasserinejad, Rhonda Szczesniak, and Dimitris Rizopoulos. "Integrating latent classes in the Bayesian shared parameter joint model of longitudinal and survival outcomes." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 11 (May 21, 2020): 3294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220924680.

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Cystic fibrosis is a chronic lung disease requiring frequent lung-function monitoring to track acute respiratory events (pulmonary exacerbations). The association between lung-function trajectory and time-to-first exacerbation can be characterized using joint longitudinal-survival modeling. Joint models specified through the shared parameter framework quantify the strength of association between such outcomes but do not incorporate latent sub-populations reflective of heterogeneous disease progression. Conversely, latent class joint models explicitly postulate the existence of sub-populations but do not directly quantify the strength of association. Furthermore, choosing the optimal number of classes using established metrics like deviance information criterion is computationally intensive in complex models. To overcome these limitations, we integrate latent classes in the shared parameter joint model through a fully Bayesian approach. To choose the optimal number of classes, we construct a mixture model assuming more latent classes than present in the data, thereby asymptotically “emptying” superfluous latent classes, provided the Dirichlet prior on class proportions is sufficiently uninformative. Model properties are evaluated in simulation studies. Application to data from the US Cystic Fibrosis Registry supports the existence of three sub-populations corresponding to lung-function trajectories with high initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1), rapid FEV1 decline, and low but steady FEV1 progression. The association between FEV1 and hazard of exacerbation was negative in each class, but magnitude varied.

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