Статті в журналах: "LTE Radio Access"

1

Bogineni, Kalyani, Reiner Ludwig, Preben Mogensen, Vish Nandlall, Vojislav Vucetic, Byung K. Yi, and Zoran Zvonar. "LTE part II: Radio access [Guest Editorial]." IEEE Communications Magazine 47, no. 4 (April 2009): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.4907405.

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2

Dehghani, Mohammad, Kamran Arshad, and Richard MacKenzie. "LTE-Advanced Radio Access Enhancements: A Survey." Wireless Personal Communications 80, no. 3 (September 6, 2014): 891–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2062-y.

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3

Kim, Juyeop, Sang Won Choi, Won-Yong Shin, Yong-Soo Song, and Yong-Kyu Kim. "Group communication over LTE: a radio access perspective." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 4 (April 2016): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2016.7452261.

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4

Pepadu, Jurnal, and Muhamad Shodikin. "ANALISIS PERANCANGAN LTE HOME PADA JARINGAN 4G LTE BERBASIS OPEN RADIO ACCESS NETWORK." Jurnal Pepadu 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2021): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/pepadu.v2i4.2255.

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Penelitian tentang LTE berlanjut hingga teknologi generasi kelima secara resmi ditetapkan oleh badan standar. Ketersediaan jaringan transmisi berbasis serat optik mendorong riset untuk mengoptimalkan kecepatan akses pelanggan rumahan sehingga PT Telkomsel meluncurkan layanan LTE Home berbasis modem CPE untuk menghadirkan komunikasi LTE. Dasar dari teknologi LTE Home adalah penguat sinyal menggunakan modem CPE di rumah pelanggan. Mudah diimplementasikan tetapi memiliki kelemahan yaitu tidak memancarkan sinyalnya sendiri dan membebani pemancar sumber LTE. Penelitian ini mengusulkan teknologi LTE Home berbasis Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) sebagai solusi, dengan memasang pemancar LTE Home di rumah pelanggan dan terkoneksi langsung ke jaringan inti melalui transmisi pita lebar milik sendiri / sewa. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena dapat menyelesaikan masalah konektivitas tidak langsung dengan sistem jaringan inti yang terjadi pada LTE Home berbasis modem CPE dan juga membuka peluang penerapan teknologi seperti IoT untuk rumah pintar dan gedung pintar. Metode penelitian ini menganalisis desain LTE Home berbasis ORAN, model pengukuran Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dan integrasinya ke dalam operator seluler. Batasan penelitian adalah eksplorasi teknologi LTE berbasis ORAN yang disimulasikan secara virtual terintegrasi dengan komponen Open Source. Luaran penelitian ini mendeskripsikan desain LTE Home berbasis ORAN, mendeskripsikan hardware dan software berbasis Open Source yang digunakan, menjelaskan desain dan simulasi teknik LTE Home berbasis ORAN, menjelaskan bahwa ORAN merupakan teknologi berbasis Open Source yang murah namun layak.

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5

Tsolkas, Dimitris, Nikos Passas, and Lazaros Merakos. "Device discovery in LTE networks: A radio access perspective." Computer Networks 106 (September 2016): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.07.001.

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6

Tata, Chafika, and Michel Kadoch. "Efficient Priority Access to the Shared Commercial Radio with Offloading for Public Safety in LTE Heterogeneous Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/597425.

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This paper presents the algorithm Courteous Priority Access to the shared commercial radio with offloading (CPAwO), for public safety network (PSN) over LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets). We propose a solution for prioritization of PSN users with access to the commercial radio network resources. Our model offers additional radio resources to the PSN. Furthermore, it ensures a certain priority for commercial users by assigning quantities of additional radio resources through the courteous scheme. This allows delaying preemption and blocking bearers when the radio resources are limited. The other part of CPAwO model is to apply the principle of offloading in order to reduce the impact of the macrocell congestion. This technique is to switch the new bearers arriving at the LTE macrocells to small cells, in order to decrease the number of the blocked and interrupted bearers in the network. The results of the simulation showed that the allocation of radio resources via the courteous mechanism with offloading of new bearers to small cells reduces the rate of blocking bearers and delays the preemption of active bearers present in the LTE HetNets. It also reduces the cost of the end-to-end communications, thanks to the reallocation of free frequencies.

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7

McKeever, Padraic, Abhinav Sadu, Shubham Rohilla, Zain Mehdi, and Antonello Monti. "Ensuring Uninterrupted MTC Service Availability during Emergencies Using LTE/5G Public Mobile Land Networks." Telecom 1, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom1030013.

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During emergencies LTE/5G-based public mobile land networks (PLMNs) restrict network access by normal users, which means a lack of service reliability which limits application of LTE/5G for machine-type communication (MTC) in critical applications, such as power systems This paper shows how existing LTE/5G features can be used to differentiate MTC of devices in a microgrid from other MTC or human-to-human (H2H) communication and ensure that these microgrid devices have service during emergencies, which enables use of LTE/5G communication to co-ordinate the use of distributed energy resources (DER) in microgrids, so that they can autarkically perform blackout recovery of an islanded microgrid. It is shown that this method allows the blackout recovery 100 times faster than with a conventional black start. The microgrid blackout recovery is demonstrated using the LTE/5G PLMN Access Barring feature. The disadvantage of using PLMN-based Access Barring is the need to define two separate PLMNs in one radio cell, which is an inefficient use of radio spectrum. However, this can be avoided by using the Extended Access Class Barring (EAB) override or application-specific congestion control (ACDC) features of the CAT-M1 low-power wide-area MTC technology, which are included in LTE and 5G standards.

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8

DAHLMAN, Erik, Ylva JADING, Stefan PARKVALL, and Hideshi MURAI. "3G Radio Access Evolution — HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband —." IEICE Transactions on Communications E92-B, no. 5 (2009): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e92.b.1432.

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9

TANNO, Motohiro, Yoshihisa KISHIYAMA, Hidekazu TAOKA, Nobuhiko MIKI, Kenichi HIGUCHI, and Mamoru SAWAHASHI. "Layered OFDMA and Its Radio Access Techniques for LTE-Advanced." IEICE Transactions on Communications E92-B, no. 5 (2009): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e92.b.1743.

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10

Roy, Arghyadip, Prasanna Chaporkar, and Abhay Karandikar. "Optimal Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithm for LTE-WiFi Network." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 7 (July 2018): 6446–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2805190.

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11

Batista, Pedro, Ivanes Araújo, Neiva Linder, Kim Laraqui, and Aldebaro Klautau. "Testbed for ICN media distribution over LTE radio access networks." Computer Networks 150 (February 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.12.013.

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12

Chaudhry, Aizaz U., and Roshdy H. M. Hafez. "LMR and LTE for Public Safety in 700 MHz Spectrum." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (June 10, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7810546.

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This paper presents a concise overview of current public safety communication networks known as LMR (Land Mobile Radio) and emerging LTE- (Long-Term Evolution-) based broadband public safety networks to be deployed in the 700 MHz band. A broadband nationwide network for public safety based on LTE is inevitable where shared or dedicated types of LTE-based public safety networks are possible. Current LTE services do not meet mission-critical requirements and several enhancements have been defined by 3GPP to address this in Releases 12 and 13. First responders are familiar with LMR and consider it to be a reliable technology with massive deployment everywhere. Therefore, it is expected that LMR will continue to exist alongside any new LTE-based broadband public safety network. Recent LTE releases (particularly Release 15) addressed the LMR-LTE interoperability issue and described comprehensive interworking facilities. New and upcoming features and services of LTE in Releases 14 and 15, such as mission-critical data, mission-critical video, and aerial user equipments, are also directly applicable to public safety. The paper endeavours to provide a quick yet meaningful review of all these issues. It also offers a look ahead at the new and rapidly advancing virtualization technologies, such as software-defined radio access network, and radio access network slicing, as enablers for future public safety networks.

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13

Novikova, A. A., V. M. Kozel, and K. A. Kavaliou. "Research of the total spectral density of signals in the LTE up-link." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-4-13-19.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of the total spectral radiation density of LTE subscriber terminals. The LTE network uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology for downlink communications, and multiple access technology with single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications. In a downlink, the occupied radio frequency band is determined by the number of resource blocks and the size of the step of placement of subcarrier oscillations in the frequency domain. Features of the technologies used for organizing multiple access in LTE networks determine the nature of the spectral density of the total radio signal. Thus, in a downlink, the spectral density approaches uniformity, since the power distribution in the spectral region does not depend on the number and location of resource blocks allocated to the subscriber, and also does not depend on the territorial location of the subscriber itself. For an uplink, the determination of spectral density characteristics is not so unambiguous, since they depend on a number of factors (traffic parameters, the nature of radio conditions, etc.). Тo conduct a detailed analysis of the spectral radiation density of a set of LTE subscriber terminals, a scheme of the measuring unit was developed and experimental studies of the spectral density were conducted on the basis of the BSUIR research laboratory. The article presents spectrograms of a set of signals in the uplink of the LTE communication network, obtained for different time intervals and different places of observation. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using an equivalent uniform spectral density to describe interference effects from groupings of subscriber terminals of LTE communication networks.

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14

Singh, Upendra, Amit Dua, Sudeep Tanwar, Neeraj Kumar, and Mamoun Alazab. "A Survey on LTE/LTE-A Radio Resource Allocation Techniques for Machine-to-Machine Communication for B5G Networks." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 107976–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100541.

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15

Iancu, Daniel, John Glossner, Gary Nacer, Stuart Stanley, Vitaly Kolashnikov, and Joe Hoane. "Software defined radio platform with wideband tunable front end." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i1.4160.

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The paper presents a Software Defined Radio (SDR) development platform with wideband tunable RF (Radio Frequency) front end. The platform is based on the SB3500 Multicore Multithreaded Vector Processor and it is intended to be used for a wide variety of communication protocols as: Time Division Duplexing/Frequency Division Duplexing Long Term Evolution (TDD/FDD LTE), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Legacy Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). As an example, we describe briefly the implementation of the LTE TDD/FDD communication protocol. As far as we know, this is the only LTE category 1 communication protocol entirely developed and executed in software (SW), without any hardware (HW) accelerators.

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16

Ye, Xiaokang, Xuefeng Yin, Xuesong Cai, Antonio Perez Yuste, and Hongliang Xu. "Neural-Network-Assisted UE Localization Using Radio-Channel Fingerprints in LTE Networks." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 12071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2712131.

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17

Dryjanski, Marcin, and Michal Szydelko. "A unified traffic steering framework for LTE radio access network coordination." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 7 (July 2016): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2016.7509383.

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18

Danisya, Achmad Rizal, Rendy Munadi, and Sofia Naning Hertiana. "Analysis Of User Throughput Based Predictive Mobility Load Balancing Using Logarithmic Regression Of Reference Signal Received Quality In Long Term Evolution Radio Access Network." JURNAL INFOTEL 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v10i1.350.

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The improvement of Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network services is affecting the increased value of traffic load in its network, which is causing traffic unbalance between cells in LTE Radio Access Network (RAN). Users will be served with ineffective resource block allocation which will make the total of gained throughput are not optimal. A method is required to move network load from overloaded cells to underloaded cells in order to balance the resource block allocation optimally. By using NS-3.26 simulation, User Throughput Based (UTB) predictive Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) method is tested with RandomWalkMobilityModel for each user. This method produces an improvement of 2,29 % in average of total throughput of 63,33 % successful optimization.

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19

Frank, Ibikunle, Dike Ike, Ajayi Jimi, and Onasoga Kayode. "MULTIPLE-ACCESS TECHNOLOGY OF CHOICE IN 3GPP LTE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (May 20, 2013): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v6i2.3497.

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Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardizes an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)as air interface in its release 8 LTE. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA)are key technologies for the air interface of mobile broadband systems.It isÂ evident that mobile broadband access technologies are reaching a commonality in the air interface and networkingÂ architecture; they are being converged to an IP-based network architecture with OFDMA based air interface technology.Â The air interface of E-UTRAN is based on OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, making it possible to efficientlÂ utilize bandwidth due to the orthogonally between sub-carriers and by assigning subsets of sub-carriers to individual usersÂ which allows for simultaneous data rate transmission from several users and differentiated quality of service for each user.Â In this paper, wehighlight the technologies behindOFDMA and SC-FDMA and also carry out performance comparison ofÂ the two air interface technologies. We brieflydescribe the 3GPP LTE standard, and its implementation using OFDMA andÂ SC-FDMA technology.

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20

Reddy, D. Yamini, K. Hari Hruthvik, M. Harsha Vardhan Reddy, and Dr Vyomal Naishadhkumar Pandya. "Simulating an LTE Network Using OMNeT++." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40528.

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Abstract: Long Term Evolution emerged from the previous 3GPP system known as the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. This technology is an entire IP-based network that provides an IP-based mobile content called the Evolved Packet Core. The main goals of LTE are to increase data rates, provide lower latency on the Radio Access Network, improve bandwidth and optimal performance. The LTE architecture combines a new basic channel called eNodeB with a single core called the Evolved Packet Core that provides access to both voice and IP data resources. Long Term Evolution (LTE) talks about a promising new invention that gives broadband internet access to the universe. Therefore, many test groups are trying to simplify their show. Shockingly, from now on, apparently, there are no open source simulation systems, which can be used to emulate high-density user platforms like India, which are unrestricted. Lack of a standard reference system for use by assessment students and researchers is a loss. To overcome this, we came up with a project that not only imitates LTE but can also be used to replicate any OFDM package programs such as LTE pro advanced, and was launched to provide a comprehensive presentation of the LTE environment. Our simulation project has been contemplated to reproduce uplink and downlink editing methods in multi-cell / multi-user environments, considering customer portability, radio asset development, reusable strategies, flexible balance and coding module, and various ideas that work best for aspiring students. researchers. Using simulation software and framework,After researching many simulation software we concluded that OMNet ++ would be the best suit for our project. We have used the Inet 4.3 framework in the required modules.

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21

Reddy, S. Reddy Vamshidhar, and Sanjay Dhar Roy. "SBT (Sense Before Transmit) Based LTE Licenced Assisted Access for 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum." Wireless Personal Communications 119, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08318-1.

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AbstractUtilization of unlicensed spectrum under licensed assisted access ensuring fair co-existence with Wi-Fi networks is a good solution to address immense usage of mobile data. Radio communication operation of LTE in unlicensed frequency band is referred as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LTE-licensed assisted access. In this paper, we consider a HGNW in which coverage area of Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)’s Access Point is integrated within the LTE-U small base station’s cellular network coverage area. To overcome the disadvantages of existing LTE-U technics like carrier sense adaptive transmission and listen before talk, we proposed a new methodology i.e., sense before transmit in this paper by adopting a transmit power control mechanisms using reciprocity theorem based on the channel state information to assign the secondary carriers in the uplink as well as in the downlink directions in the unlicensed spectrum to carry the traffic. In our proposal, LTE-U users are allowed to use the unlicensed spectrum provided that the interference produced at Wi-Fi users due to LTE-U activities is remained below a certain threshold. We evaluated the performance of proposed network model in terms of outage probability and achievable throughputs.

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22

Li, Xiao Wen, and Fang Liu. "The Design and Realization of Packet Data Security in LTE-A." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2165.

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In the wireless access technology system, reliable and more efficient security algorithm is important to guarantee high-speed data transmission of LTE. In the development process of LTE-A Radio Frequency Conformance Test System, we designed a detailed security process in PDCP ( Packet Data Convergence Protocol ) and realized it through encryption algorithm and Integrity algorithm. This paper adopts SDL and TTCN to test the security process of PDCP.And we applied it to LTE-A system successfully.

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23

Hilt, Attila. "Availability and Fade Margin Calculations for 5G Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Anyhaul Links." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235240.

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The deployment of new radio access technologies always provides a good opportunity and timing to optimize the existing mobile front- and backhaul (commonly called “anyhaul”). The legacy systems (Long-Term Evolution (LTE), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), third-generation mobile (3G), second-generation mobile (2G)) already extensively utilize the transmission and transport capacities of the mobile anyhaul. With the current launch of 5G (fifth-generation mobile) and recent LTE-A (Advanced Long-Term Evolution), additional new transmission capacities are required again. Depending on the traffic and network topology, additional cell sites are built, and even more locations are connected with fiber optics. The existing microwave and millimeter-wave links are rotated toward those aggregation points that already have optical-fiber access. Due to the increased cell-site density, the average distance of the radio access links can be reduced by network and topology optimization. The reduced hop lengths combined with adaptive modulation and automatic power control bring an opportunity for capacity increase in shortened radio links. Links newly deployed for 5G find a wide spectrum in the millimetric V, E, W, and D frequency bands. This paper discusses the availability and hop-length targets of the anyhaul links that should be carefully kept by proper planning and monitoring.

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24

Liu, Ling, Yiqing Zhou, Lin Tian, and Jinglin Shi. "CPC-based backward-compatible network access for LTE cognitive radio cellular networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 7 (July 2015): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7158271.

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25

Roy, Arghyadip, Vivek Borkar, Prasanna Chaporkar, and Abhay Karandikar. "Low Complexity Online Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithm in LTE-WiFi HetNet." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2892983.

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26

Djomadji, Eric Michel Deussom, Ivan Basile Kabiena, Valery Nkemeni, Ayrton Garcia Belinga À Njere, and Michael Ekonde Sone. "Dynamic Resource Allocation in LTE Radio Access Network Using Machine Learning Techniques." Journal of Computer and Communications 11, no. 06 (2023): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2023.116005.

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27

Combi, Lorenzo, Alberto Gatto, Pierpaolo Boffi, Umberto Spagnolini, and Paola Parolari. "Optical Multilevel Pulse Width Modulation for Analog Mobile Fronthaul." Photonics 5, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics5040049.

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The evolution of radio access networks is towards a centralized architecture (C-RAN), with massive antenna deployments and large radio-frequency bandwidths. In the next future, traditional optical transport technologies based on digital radio over fiber will no longer be able to support the mobile fronthaul traffic connecting antennas hosted at remote radio units and centralized baseband units. Analog radio over fiber can be selected to support the mobile fronthaul (MFH) network and, in particular, pulse width modulation (PWM) is a viable alternative for analog signal transport. In order to increase the MFH spectral efficiency, we propose to exploit multilevel PWM (M-PWM) in a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) network, comparing its performance with a conventional 2-level PWM solution. Experimental results show successful transmission over 7.5-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) of up to 16 aggregated LTE-like 20-MHz signals with 64-QAM on each subcarrier, while up to eight aggregated LTE-like 20-MHz signals with 256-QAM could be supported. M-PWM thus allows either using higher order modulation formats or aggregating a higher number of LTE channels.

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28

Ogunrinola, Olawale Oluwasegun, Isaiah Opeyemi Olaniyi, Segun A. Afolabi, Gbemiga Abraham Olaniyi, and Olushola Emmanuel Ajeigbe. "Modelling and Development of a Radio Resource Control and Scheduling Algorithm for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Uplink." Review of Computer Engineering Studies 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rces.080201.

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Modern radio communication services transmit signals from an earth station to a high-altitude station, space station or a space radio system via a feeder link while in Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM) and computer networks, the radio uplink transmit from cell phones to base station linking the network core to the communication interphase via an upstream facility. Hitherto, the Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted for uplink access in the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) scheme by the 3GPP. In this journal, the LTE uplink radio resource allocation is addressed as an optimization problem, where the desired solution is the mapping of the schedulable UE to schedulable Resource Blocks (RBs) that maximizes the proportional fairness metric. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been employed for this research. PSO is an algorithm that is very easy to implement to solve real time optimization problems and has fewer parameters to adjust when compared to other evolutionary algorithms. The proposed scheme was found to outperform the First Maximum Expansion (FME) and Recursive Maximum Expansion (RME) in terms of simulation time and fairness while maintaining the throughput.

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29

Zhang, Meng, Xin Zhang, Yongyu Chang, and Dacheng Yang. "Dynamic Uplink Radio Access Selection of LTE Licensed-Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum: An Optimization Game." IEEE Communications Letters 20, no. 12 (December 2016): 2510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2608348.

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30

Alsewaidi, Fatemah, Angela Doufexi, and Dritan Kaleshi. "Enhancing Radio Access Network Performance over LTE-A for Machine-to-Machine Communications under Massive Access." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5187303.

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The expected tremendous growth of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices will require solutions to improve random access channel (RACH) performance. Recent studies have shown that radio access network (RAN) performance is degraded under the high density of devices. In this paper, we propose three methods to enhance RAN performance for M2M communications over the LTE-A standard. The first method employs a different value for the physical RACH configuration index to increase random access opportunities. The second method addresses a heterogeneous network by using a number of picocells to increase resources and offload control traffic from the macro base station. The third method involves aggregation points and addresses their effect on RAN performance. Based on evaluation results, our methods improved RACH performance in terms of the access success probability and average access delay.

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31

Wasilewska, Małgorzata, and Hanna Bogucka. "Machine Learning for LTE Energy Detection Performance Improvement." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194348.

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The growing number of radio communication devices and limited spectrum resources are drivers for the development of new techniques of dynamic spectrum access and spectrum sharing. In order to make use of the spectrum opportunistically, the concept of cognitive radio was proposed, where intelligent decisions on transmission opportunities are based on spectrum sensing. In this paper, two Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, namely k-Nearest Neighbours and Random Forest, have been proposed to increase spectrum sensing performance. These algorithms have been applied to Energy Detection (ED) and Energy Vector-based data (EV) to detect the presence of a Fourth Generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signal for the purpose of utilizing the available resource blocks by a 5G new radio system. The algorithms capitalize on time, frequency and spatial dependencies in daily communication traffic. Research results show that the ML methods used can significantly improve the spectrum sensing performance if the input training data set is carefully chosen. The input data sets with ED decisions and energy values have been examined, and advantages and disadvantages of their real-life application have been analyzed.

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32

Khloussy, Elissar, and Yuming Jiang. "Revenue-Maximizing Radio Access Technology Selection with Net Neutrality Compliance in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9706813.

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The net neutrality principle states that users should have equal access to all Internet content and that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should not practice differentiated treatment on any of the Internet traffic. While net neutrality aims to restrain any kind of discrimination, it also grants exemption to a certain category of traffic known as specialized services (SS), by allowing the ISP to dedicate part of the resources for the latter. In this work, we consider a heterogeneous LTE/WiFi wireless network and we investigate revenue-maximizing Radio Access Technology (RAT) selection strategies that are net neutrality-compliant, with exemption granted to SS traffic. Our objective is to find out how the bandwidth reservation for SS traffic would be made in a way that allows maximizing the revenue while being in compliance with net neutrality and how the choice of the ratio of reserved bandwidth would affect the revenue. The results show that reserving bandwidth for SS traffic in one RAT (LTE) can achieve higher revenue. On the other hand, when the capacity is reserved across both LTE and WiFi, higher social benefit in terms of number of admitted users can be realized, as well as lower blocking probability for the Internet access traffic.

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Shalini, Ms, and Anoop Tiwari. "Overview of Beyond 4G-LTE Wireless Transmission Technologies." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5334.

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising applicant innovation for 5G cell systems. By and by MIMO-OFDM remote innovations are utilizing in 4G LTE development remote correspondence. This paper examine about the job of MIMO-OFDM and NOMA as principal contributing execution factors in past 4G LTE Remote Transmission Innovation from a specialized point of view. Long Term Evolution (LTE) utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) along with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) reception apparatus innovation standard to accomplish high radio spectral efficiency and multicarrier approach for multiple accesses.

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Ratkóczy, Péter, and Attila Mitcsenkov. "Joint Dimensioning of Outdoor Heterogeneous Radio Access Networks (HetNet) using Monte Carlo Simulation." MACRo 2015 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macro-2015-0013.

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AbstractThe experienced mobile traffic increase in the recent years made traffic capacity the bottleneck instead of the coverage constraints, calling for significantly higher density of the base stations. Heterogeneous radio access networks (HetNet) provide a possible solution to this problem, combining various wireless technologies. In this paper we investigated the joint dimensioning of the co-existent radio access networks, the relation between the required macro and small cell densities to meet a certain traffic demand, and compared the two main, competing technological solutions, namely small cells and Wi-Fi, suitable to complement an LTE (macrocell) network.

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., Shivanandaswamy, V. Mahapurush, Prathima Mahapurush, and Priyatam Kumar. "LTE: Optimize the Radio Access to Minimize the Delay between the Participating Nodes." Journal of Telecommunication Study 6, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jts.2021.v06i01.001.

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36

Lyazidi, Mohammed Yazid, Nadjib Aitsaadi, and Rami Langar. "A dynamic resource allocation framework in LTE downlink for Cloud-Radio Access Network." Computer Networks 140 (July 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.05.008.

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Kristiadi, Ignatius Daru, and Muhammad Imam Nashiruddin. "Analisis Perencanaan Transmisi Microwave Link antara Semarang-Magelang untuk Radio Access Long Term Evolution (LTE) [Analysis of Semarang-Magelang Microwave Link Transmission Planning for Radio Access Long Term Evolution (LTE)]." Buletin Pos dan Telekomunikasi 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/bpostel.2019.170202.

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38

Ji, Byoungsuk, and Ellen J. Hong. "Deep-Learning-Based Real-Time Road Traffic Prediction Using Long-Term Evolution Access Data." Sensors 19, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 5327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235327.

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In this paper, we propose a method for deep-learning-based real-time road traffic predictions using long-term evolution (LTE) access data. The proposed system generates a road traffic speed learning model based on road speed data and historical LTE data collected from a plurality of base stations located within a predetermined radius from the road. Real-time LTE data were the input for the generated learning model in order to predict the real-time speed of traffic. Since the system was developed using a time-series-based road traffic speed learning model based on LTE data from the past, it is possible for it to be used for a road where the environment has changed. Moreover, even on roads where the collection of traffic data is invalid, such as a radio shadow area, it is possible to directly enter real-time wireless communications data into the traffic speed learning model to predict the traffic speed on the road in real time, and in turn, raise the accuracy of real-time road traffic predictions.

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Rivas, F. Javier, Almudena Díaz, and Pedro Merino. "Obtaining More Realistic Cross-Layer QoS Measurements: A VoIP over LTE Use Case." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405858.

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We introduce a real-time experimentation testbed in this paper which enables more realistic analysis of quality of service (QoS) in LTE networks. This testbed is envisioned for the improvement of QoS and quality of experience (QoE) through the experimentation with real devices, services, and radio configurations. Radio configurations suggested in the literature typically arise from simulations; the testbed provides a real and controlled testing environment where such configurations can be validated. The added value of this testbed goes a long way not only in the provision of more realistic results but also in the provision of QoS and QoE cross-layer measurements through the correlation of information collected at different layers: from service and IP levels to radio and protocol parameters. Analyzing the interlayer dependencies will allow us to identify optimal settings for the radio access network and service parameters. This information can be used to suggest new cross-layer optimizations to further improve quality of experience of mobile subscribers. As a use case, we examine VoIP service over LTE, which is currently an open issue.

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Koo, Hyounhee, Jungho Chae, and Wooseong Kim. "Design and Experiment of Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Gateway with Dynamic Traffic Steering Capabilities for Maritime Communication." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031201.

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This study presents the architectural design and implementation of a multi-RAT gateway (MRGW) supporting dual satellite and terrestrial connectivity that enables moving maritime vessels, such as autonomous surface ships, to be connected to multiple radio access networks in the maritime communication environment. We developed an MRGW combining LTE and very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) access networks to realize access traffic steering, switching, and splitting functionalities between them. In addition, we developed communication interfaces between the MRGW and end-devices connecting to their corresponding radio access networks, as well as between the MRGW and the digital bridge system of an autonomous surface ship, enabling the MRGW to collect wireless channel information from each RAT end-device and provide the collected data to the digital bridge system to determine the optimal navigation route for the autonomous surface ship. Experiments on the MRGW with LTE and VSAT end-devices are conducted at sea near Ulsan city and the Kumsan satellite service center in Korea. Through validation experiments on a real maritime communication testbed, we demonstrate the feasibility of future maritime communication technologies capable of providing the minimum performance necessary for autonomous surface ships or digitized aids to navigation (A to N) systems.

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Toril, Matias, Volker Wille, Salvador Luna-Ramirez, Mariano Fernandez-Navarro, and Fernando Ruiz-Vega. "Characterization of Radio Signal Strength Fluctuations in Road Scenarios for Cellular Vehicular Network Planning in LTE." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 33120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060995.

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Rehman, Abdul, Roberto Valentini, Elena Cinque, Piergiuseppe Di Marco, and Fortunato Santucci. "On the Impact of Multiple Access Interference in LTE-V2X and NR-V2X Sidelink Communications." Sensors 23, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104901.

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Developing radio access technologies that enable reliable and low-latency vehicular communications have become of the utmost importance with the rise of interest in autonomous vehicles. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed Vehicle to Everything (V2X) specifications based on the 5G New Radio Air Interface (NR-V2X) to support connected and automated driving use cases, with strict requirements to fulfill the constantly evolving vehicular applications, communication, and service demands of connected vehicles, such as ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. This paper presents an analytical model for evaluating the performance of NR-V2X communications, with particular reference to the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling operation defined in the NR-V2X Mode 2, in comparison with legacy sidelink V2X over LTE, specified as LTE-V2X Mode 4. We consider a vehicle platooning scenario and evaluate the impact of multiple access interference on the packet success probability, by varying the available resources, the number of interfering vehicles, and their relative positions. The average packet success probability is determined analytically for LTE-V2X and NR-V2X, taking into account the different physical layer specifications, and the Moment Matching Approximation (MMA) is used to approximate the statistics of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under the assumption of a Nakagami-lognormal composite channel model. The analytical approximation is validated against extensive Matlab simulations that a show good accuracy. The results confirm a boost in performance with NR-V2X against LTE-V2X, particularly for high inter-vehicle distance and a large number of vehicles, providing a concise yet accurate modeling rationale for planning and adaptation of the configuration and parameter setup of vehicle platoons, without having to resort to extensive computer simulation or experimental measurements.

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43

Isabona, Joseph, Agbotiname Lucky Imoize, Stephen Ojo, Prashanth Venkatareddy, Simon Karanja Hinga, Manuel Sánchez-Chero, and Sheda Méndez Ancca. "Accurate Base Station Placement in 4G LTE Networks Using Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Optimization." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (February 11, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7476736.

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Cellular mobile communication network planning and optimization involve a complex engineering process that deals with network fundamentals, radio resource elements, and critical decision variables. The continuous evolution of radio access technologies provides new challenges that necessitate efficient radio planning and optimization. Therefore, the planning and optimization algorithms should be highly efficient, advanced, and robust. An important component of 4G LTE network planning is the proper placement of evolved node base stations (eNodeBs) and the configuration of their antenna elements. This contribution proposes a multiobjective genetic algorithm that integrates network coverage, capacity, and power consumption for optimal eNodeB placement in an operational 4G LTE network. The multi-objective-based genetic algorithm optimization has been achieved using the optimization toolbox in MATLAB. By leveraging the proposed method, the effect of different population sizes on the cost of placing the eNodeBs and the percentage coverage of the eNodeBs in a given cell is determined. As a result, the optimal selection technique that minimizes the total network cost without compromising the desired coverage and capacity benchmarks is achieved. The proposed automatic eNodeB antenna placement method can be explored to optimize 4G LTE cellular network planning in related wireless propagation environments.

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44

Fadeev, Vladimir, Shaikhrozy Zaidullin, Zlata Fadeeva, and Adel Nadeev. "MONITORING SYSTEM FOR LTE-A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY INDICATORS." T-Comm 15, no. 3 (2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-3-4-16.

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In this paper we consider two accessibility indicators, namely E-RAB (E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer) and E-RRC (Evolved Radio Resource Control) failure rates, of the LTE-A communication network belonging to one of the regional operators in Russian Federation. The aim of this study is to find the proper algorithms for accessibility indicators prediction, and performance estimation of these algorithms. During the study, we provide temporal dynamics of the indicators and possible failure reasons, behind these indicators. Then the percentage of the time series values is shown, which are corresponding to the abnormal situations (incidents). After that, the stationarity of the inspected time series using augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADFuller), and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) methods is analyzed. Next, the ETS decomposition is performed. In order to predict the future values of the indicators, we utilize SARIMA model, triple Exponential Smoothing (Holt-Winters method), Facebook Prophet, Prony decomposition based model and XGBoost algorithm. Performance estimation is obtained in two ways: by test-sequence- and cross-validation-based Median Absolute Error (MAE). Also, the architecture for the monitoring system, that collects, analyzes and visualizes the required metrics within the infrastructure of the considered operator, is proposed in this paper. Herein, we analyze the possibilities of the open-source solution deployment on each stage of the monitoring process from data mining and preparation up to predictive model learning.

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Purnawan, Peby Wahyu, and Julia Permatasari. "Analisis Pengaruh Teknologi SRAN (Single Radio Access Network) Terhadap Modernisasi Arsitektur Jaringan Telekomunikasi." Energi & Kelistrikan 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v12i1.945.

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Gagasan dibalik SRAN (Single Radio Access Network) sangat sederhana yaitu dapat mengoperasikan berbagai teknologi radio pada satu platform hardware multiguna. Dalam bentuk pengembangan terbaru, SRAN terdiri dari satu instalasi radio dengan common transport dan sistem operasional dan manajemen dengan keamanan terpadu di seluruh RATs (Radio Access Technologies). Selain itu, SRAN dapat mengoordinasikan dan mengoperasikan berbagai RAT secara terpadu serta mampu menggunakan RAT yang ada untuk menghasilkan kinerja terbaik dengan mengoordinasikan keuntungan masing-masing RAT. Modularitas adalah enabler utama yang meningkatkan kapasitas sesuai dengan permintaan dan spektrum baru dan spektrum yang ada dapat digunakan lebih efisien. Sumatra Utara – site DRDTOBINJAI2 adalah lokasi yang dipilih untuk dimodernisasi dengan solusi SRAN. Hasil implementasi pada site tersebut setelah diuji dan dianalisa, SRAN dapat menyederhanakan penggunaan hardware dari 5 modul sistem dan 5 modul transmisi menjadi 3 modul sistem dan 2 modul transmisi dengan menambahkan teknologi LTE di band 900 dan 2100 pada site tersebut. Efisiensi pada operasional meningkat melalui network sharing, efisiensi energi jaringan radio meningkat sekitar 27% dan software dapat digunakan untuk menentukan fungsi hardware agar lebih fleksibel, performa lebih baik dan meningkatkan efektifitas biaya. Dengan melakukan drive test, SRAN terbukti meningkatkan throughput pada uplink hingga 10 Mbps dan mengurangi waktu delay dari >70 ms menjadi 40 ms.

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Sun, Yishen, Wesley Garey, Richard Rouil, and Priam Varin. "Access Time Analysis of MCPTT Off-Network Mode over LTE." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 2, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2729370.

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Public safety organizations around the world started migrating toward Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks to support the increasing needs for video and data. To address the unique voice communication requirements of first responders, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced new capabilities that aim at providing similar functionalities as the traditional Land Mobile Radio (LMR) systems, namely, Direct Mode communication and mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT). Direct Mode communication, also called Proximity Services (ProSe), allows public safety users to communicate directly with each other regardless of the network status. MCPTT was the first mission critical service, and first application, standardized by 3GPP to provide both on- and off-network voice capability. Assessing the performance of those capabilities is critical to accelerate their deployment and adoption by first responders. In this study, we evaluate the performance of an off-network mode MCPTT device over ProSe by focusing on the access time, a measure of the delay incurred before a user can talk. We develop analytical models for various types of calls and verify the accuracy of the predicted access time using ns-3 simulations. We perform sensitivity analysis to show the validity of the models for various scenarios. Finally, we show how the models can be used to guide parameter configuration for both MCPTT and ProSe to optimize the performance.

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Damayanti, Lusi, Damelia Panggabean, Sheren Regina Pingkan, Asri Wulandari, Alfin Hikmaturokhman, and Adhi Hidayatullah. "Design and Build 4G Open Radio Access Network at SmartLab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 6, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v6i2.7537.

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The transition of RAN (Radio Access Network) development from the conventional model to Open RAN is motivated by the fact that Open RAN presents new services by reducing CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) and has the ability to integrate all cellular technologies in one server. One of cellular technology that can be developed using Open RAN is 4G LTE networks. The 4G LTE network produces internet with high data rate and low latency system. Various use case implementations can be carried out, for example to support learning on campus. In this study, the development of Open RAN 4G is implemented as a use case to build the Jakarta State Polytechnic SmartLab which produces its own cellular network. The importance of this research is to be able to ascertain the performance of the Open RAN 4G network using a Centralized RAN scenario. The method used in this research consists of knowing the problem, determining the tools used, determining the implementation scenario, configuring, and testing network performance. Parameters measured to test network performance are uplink downlink speed, RSRP value, and SINR value. Based on the scenarios that have been executed, the results show that the Open RAN 4G network has a maximum downlink speed performance of 13.6 Mbps, a maximum uplink speed of 7.22 Mbps, a maximum SINR of 22 dB, an RSRP of -200 dBm, and a maximum range that can be reached is 5 meters.

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Lin, Chia-Ying, Hung-Wei Kao, Meng-Hsun Tsai, and Hui-Ling Chang. "Gateway-assisted two-stage radio access for machine type communication in LTE-Advanced network." Computer Communications 105 (June 2017): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2016.12.017.

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49

Alexandre, Luciano Camilo, Agostinho Linhares De Souza Filho, and Arismar Cerqueira Sodre. "Indoor Coexistence Analysis Among 5G New Radio, LTE-A and NB-IoT in the 700 MHz Band." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 135000–135010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011267.

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50

Bou Saleh, Abdallah, Simone Redana, Jyri Hämäläinen, and Bernhard Raaf. "On the Coverage Extension and Capacity Enhancement of Inband Relay Deployments in LTE-Advanced Networks." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/894846.

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Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is currently being standardized in 3GPP to be part of the LTE-Advanced release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are to be supported, namely Type 1 and Type 1b. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capacity or coverage depending on the deployment prioritization. However, the performance of relays, as any other radio access point, significantly depends on the propagation characteristics of the deployment environment. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the performance of Type 1 and Type 1b inband relaying within the LTE-Advanced framework in different propagation scenarios in terms of both coverage extension capabilities and capacity enhancements. A comparison between Type 1 and Type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay node deployments. System level simulations show that Type 1 and Type 1b inband relay deployments offer low to very high gains depending on the deployment environment. As well, it is shown that the effect of the relaying overhead is minimal on coverage extension whereas it is more evident on system throughput.

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