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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "LPWAN technology"

Chaudhari, Bharat S., Marco Zennaro, and Suresh Borkar. "LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations." Future Internet 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12030046.

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Анотація:

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.

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Istiana, Tri, R. Yudha Mardyansyah, and G. S. Budhi Dharmawan. "Kajian Pemanfaatan IoT Berbasis LPWAN Untuk Jaringan Akuisisi Data ARG." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.12.1.155.

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One of parameters for observing weather elements is the amount of rainfall. The rainfall observation system is using ARG. The existing condition uses cellular network-based IoT. In this study, researchers tried to provide an alternative communication system for ARG data acquisition networks using LPWAN-based IoT technology. Comparison of three LPWAN IoT technologies that can be applied to ARG communication systems, namely NB-IoT, Sigfox, and LoRaWAN. The three LPWAN technologies have followed the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Communication and Information Regulation No. 1 of 2019. These three technologies can be used for ARG data acquisition networks. LoRaWAN technology in rural areas reaches 20 km. LoRaWAN devices that meet frequency requirements have been sold freely on the internet with the 920 MHz frequency band. Of these three technologies, only LoRaWAN can be used to build private or internal communication networks. This is an added value for BMKG to build district or provincial scale LPWA WAN networks in regions that are constrained by the transmission of ARG data through cellular networks.

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Peruzzi, Giacomo, and Alessandro Pozzebon. "A Review of Energy Harvesting Techniques for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133433.

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Анотація:

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and applications has been the driver for a rapid growth in wireless technologies for the Machine-to-Machine domain. In this context, a crucial role is being played by the so-called Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), a bunch of transmission technologies developed to satisfy three main system requirements: low cost, wide transmission range, and low power consumption. This last requirement is especially crucial as IoT infrastructures should operate for long periods on limited quantities of energy: to cope with this limitation, energy harvesting is being applied every day more frequently, and several different techniques are being tested for LPWAN systems. The aim of this survey paper is to provide a detailed overview of the the existing LPWAN systems relying on energy harvesting for their powering. In this context, the different LPWAN technologies and protocols will be discussed and, for each technology, the applied energy harvesting techniques will be described as well as the architecture of the power management units when present.

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Aguilar, Sergio, Antonis Platis, Rafael Vidal, and Carles Gomez. "Energy Consumption Model of SCHC Packet Fragmentation over Sigfox LPWAN." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062120.

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The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized a new framework, called Static Context Header Compression and fragmentation (SCHC), which offers adaptation layer functionality designed to support IPv6 over Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs). The IETF is currently profiling SCHC, and in particular its packet fragmentation and reassembly functionality, for its optimal use over certain LPWAN technologies. Considering the energy constraints of LPWAN devices, it is crucial to determine the energy performance of SCHC packet transfer. In this paper, we present a current and energy consumption model of SCHC packet transfer over Sigfox, a flagship LPWAN technology. The model, which is based on real hardware measurements, allows to determine the impact of several parameters and fragment transmission strategies on the energy performance of SCHC packet transfer over Sigfox. Among other results, we have found that the lifetime of a device powered by a 2000 mAh battery, transmitting packets every 5 days, is 168 days for 2250-byte packets, while it increases to 1464 days for 77-byte packets.

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Paul, Biswajit. "An Overview of LoRaWAN." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 19 (January 13, 2021): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2020.19.27.

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LoRa is an IoT enabling technology which is particularly suitable for low data rate applications. The technology can achieve extended network coverage while operating in unlicensed ISM band and falls into the category of LowPowerWideAreaNetworks (LPWANs) technologies. Among the noncellular based LPWAN enabling technologies, LoRa has got remarkable attention due to its fast adoption by industries. LoRa through wireless modulation enables the endnodes to establish long distance communication while LoRaWAN refers to the communication protocol and system architecture. In this paper, an overview of LoRaWAN is presented.

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Mroue, Hussein, Guillaume Andrieux, Eduardo Motta Cruz, and Gilles Rouyer. "Evaluation of LPWAN technology for Smart City." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities 2, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 153494. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-12-2017.153494.

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Rahman, Mahbubur, Dali Ismail, Venkata P. Modekurthy, and Abusayeed Saifullah. "LPWAN in the TV White Spaces." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 4 (June 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447877.

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Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is an enabling Internet-of-Things technology that supports long-range, low-power, and low-cost connectivity to numerous devices. To avoid the crowd in the limited ISM band (where most LPWANs operate) and cost of licensed band, the recently proposed Sensor Network over White Spaces (SNOW) is a promising LPWAN platform that operates over the TV white spaces. As it is a very recent technology and is still in its infancy, the current SNOW implementation uses the Universal Software Radio Peripheral devices as LPWAN nodes, which has high costs (≈$750 USD per device) and large form-factors, hindering its applicability in practical deployment. In this article, we implement SNOW using low-cost, low form-factor, low-power, and widely available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices to enable its practical and large-scale deployment. Our choice of the COTS device (TI CC13x0: CC1310 or CC1350) consequently brings down the cost and form-factor of a SNOW node by 25× and 10×, respectively. Such implementation of SNOW on the CC13x0 devices, however, faces a number of challenges to enable link reliability and communication range. Our implementation addresses these challenges by handling peak-to-average power ratio problem, channel state information estimation, carrier frequency offset estimation, and near-far power problem. Our deployment in the city of Detroit, Michigan, demonstrates that CC13x0-based SNOW can achieve uplink and downlink throughputs of 11.2 and 4.8 kbps per node, respectively, over a distance of 1 km. Also, the overall throughput in the uplink increases linearly with the increase in the number of SNOW nodes.

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Khan, Zeeshan Ali, Ubaid Abbasi, and Sung Won Kim. "Machine Learning and LPWAN Based Internet of Things Applications in Healthcare Sector during COVID-19 Pandemic." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141615.

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Анотація:

Low power wide area networks (LPWAN) are comprised of small devices having restricted processing resources and limited energy budget. These devices are connected with each other using communication protocols. Considering their available resources, these devices can be used in a number of different Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Another interesting paradigm is machine learning, which can also be integrated with LPWAN technology to embed intelligence into these IoT applications. These machine learning-based applications combine intelligence with LPWAN and prove to be a useful tool. One such IoT application is in the medical field, where they can be used to provide multiple services. In the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of LPWAN-based medical services has gained particular attention. This article describes various COVID-19-related healthcare services, using the the applications of machine learning and LPWAN in improving the medical domain during the current COVID-19 pandemic. We validate our idea with the help of a case study that describes a way to reduce the spread of any pandemic using LPWAN technology and machine learning. The case study compares k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and trust-based algorithms for mitigating the flow of virus spread. The simulation results show the effectiveness of KNN for curtailing the COVID-19 spread.

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Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M., Waheb A. Jabbar, Noorazliza Sulaiman, and Suliman Abdulmalek. "A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions." Electronics 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010164.

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Анотація:

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies.

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Bt. Zainal, Nur Aishah, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Israth Chowdhury, and Md Rafiqul Islam. "Cluttered Traffic Distribution in LoRa LPWAN." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp214-223.

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Анотація:

<p>Low Power WAN (LPWAN) is a wireless broad area network technology. It is interconnects using only low bandwidth, less power consumption at long range. This technology is operating in unauthorized spectrum which designed for wireless data communication. To have an insight of such long-range technology, this paper evaluates the performance of LoRa radio links under shadowing effect and realistic smart city utilities clutter grid distribution. Such environment is synonymous to residential, industrial and modern urban centers. The focus is to include the effect of shadowing on the radio links while attempting to study the optimum sink node numbers and their locations for maximum sensor node connectivity. Results indicate that the usual unrealistic random node distribution does not reflect actual real-life scenario where many of these sensing nodes follow the built infrastructure around the city of smart buildings. The system is evaluated in terms of connectivity and packet loss ratio.</p>

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "LPWAN technology"

Мавдрик, Андрій Анатолійович. "Дослідження сенсорної мережі з використанням технології LoRa". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/38538.

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Актуальність роботи. Зі стрімким розвитком Інтернету речей та популяризацією концепції «розумного міста» кількість підключених до мережі пристроїв з кожним днем невпинно зростає. За прогнозами Ericsson до 2021 р. кількість підключень сягатиме 28 мільярдів. При цьому близько півтора мільярда пристроїв, підключених до глобальної мережі, будуть представляти категорію споживчої електроніки і смарт-автомобілів. Стає очевидним, що звичайних технологій мобільного зв’язку недостатньо для подальшого розвитку IoT мережі через невелику ємність та зону покриття, а також досить високу вартість терміналів. До того ж пристрої можуть знаходитись у важкодоступних місцях, що вимагає їх високої автономності та достатнього рівня сигналу в точці приймання. Це створює потребу впровадження нових технологій безпроводового зв’язку [1]. Для вирішення цієї проблеми була розроблена технологія IoT, яка отримала назву LoRa. Ця технологія, перш за все, відрізняється низьким рівнем енергоспоживання. Її основним призначенням є застосування у М2М додатках. LoRa надає компанії, що працює в сфері телекомунікацій, величезний вибір можливостей. Так, застосування цього стандарту дає змогу значно збільшити дохідності операторів від одного користувача. У цьому випадку, LoRa займе свою нішу в галузі, в якій вимагається мінімальне енергоспоживання та забезпечення безперебійного передавання даних [2]. Мета і завдання дослідження. Метою роботи є дослідження реалізації сенсорної мережі з використанням технологої LoRa. Для досягнення поставленої мети необхідно виконати такі завдання:  розглянути концепцію сенсорних мереж і технології, що використовуються в системах Інтернету речей;  дослідити технічні характеристики технології LoRa;  проаналізувати можливості технології для її використання;  змоделювати мережу покриття частини міста для використання технології LoRa; Об’єкт дослідження - безпроводова телекомунікаційна технологія LoRa. Предмет дослідження – створення сенсорних мереж в рамках ІоТ за технологією LoRa. Методи дослідження – критичний аналіз технології LoRa та інших безпроводових технологій ІоТ, використання програмного забезпечення Atoll для моделювання мережі за технологією LoRa. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів. Удосконалено застосування технології LoRa для створення сенсорних мереж ІоТ, що дає можливість реалізувати такі складові як транспортна, медична, адміністративна, що вимагають мінімальних затримок та невисокої швидкості передачі даних (близько 10 кбіт/с). Практичне значення одержаних результатів. Запропоновано сценарії застосування технології LoRa у великих містах та мегаполісах в Україні на основі вже існуючих стільникових мереж LTE та встановленого обладнання на частоті 900 МГц, що вже використовується операторами. Розраховано параметри мережі та проведено її моделювання в програмному середовищі Atoll на території 4,5 км2 [2]. Практичним результатом роботи є те, що отримано модель покриття сенсорної мережі та здобуто знання про її впровадження в системах Інтернету речей. Результати проведеної роботи можуть бути використані для вибору для проектування сенсорних мереж для Інтернету речей на певній території.
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and the popularization of the concept of "smart city", the number of devices connected to the network is constantly growing. Ericsson estimates that by 2021 the number of connections will reach 28 billion. At the same time about one and a half billion devices connected to the global network will represent the category of consumer electronics and smart cars. It is becoming clear that conventional mobile technologies are not enough for the further development of the IoT network due to the small capacity and coverage area, as well as the relatively high cost of terminals. In addition, devices may be located in hard-to-reach places, which requires their high autonomy and a sufficient level of signal at the point of reception. This creates the need for new wireless technologies. To solve this problem, IoT technology was developed, which was called LoRa. This technology, above all, has a low level of energy consumption. Its main purpose is to be used in M2M applications. LoRa provides telecommunications companies with a huge range of opportunities. Yes, the application of this standard allows to significantly increase the profitability of operators from one user. In this case, LoRa will occupy its niche in the industry, which requires minimal energy consumption and uninterrupted data transmission.

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Skog, Andersen Jonas, and Joakim Eriksson. "Investigating the practical performance of the LoRaWAN technology." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144387.

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Анотація:

New innovations, technologies, ideas and businesses are driving the realisation of the Internet of Things (IoT) vision. As with many other fields in technology comes competing protocols and standards, ranging from modulation schema used for transmitting data to security standards used to ensure safe operation and the privacy needs for all involved entities. This thesis looks into one of the competing modulation schema and network protocols for IoT applications: the LoRaWAN protocol. The main contribution of this thesis is a datadriven empirical study that helps verify theoretically obtained results from other authors. Our results also suggest that as long as other signals on the same frequency band uses different modulation techniques (or just other parameters for the same modulation technique), then only the signal to noise ratio is affected without introducing collisions. This affects the scalability and overall practical distance covered by a LoRaWAN. Our general conclusion is that the LoRaWAN as a technology/protocol has its disadvantages, mainly how heavily different traffic profiles may affect the scalability of it and a general lack of hard quality of service guarantees.

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Liljegren, Alexander, and Robin Franksson. "Measuring a LoRa Network : Performance, Possibilities and Limitations." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16344.

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Анотація:

The main goal of this thesis is to highlight the various limitations that the LPWAN LoRa and by proxy other similar technologies currently suffers from to give further insight into how these limitations can affect implementations and products using such a network. The thesis will be supported by experiments that test how a LoRa network gets affected by different environmental attributes such as distance, height and surrounding area by measuring the signal strength, signal to noise ratio and any resulting packet loss. The experiments are conducted using a fully deployed LoRa network made up of a gateway and sensor available to the public. To successfully deploy a LoRa network one needs to have concrete information about how to set it up depending on different use cases as battery lifetime and a solid connection has to be kept in mind. We test the various performance aspects of a LoRa network including signal quality and packet loss at different communication ranges. In addition to that we also test different environments and investigate how these can impact the performance. The conclusions made in this thesis are that a LoRa network is limited in its use cases for smaller scale projects with low gateway elevation that still require a large distance. This is due to the obstruction of the signal quickly making it reach unusable levels at roughly 300m in a city and 600m in a forest. Making the line of sight free either by elevation of the hardware or by adapting to the terrain makes the network perform very well making the possibility for packet loss lower which in combination with the low duty cycle of the transmissions is needed as every packet lost is going to be very noticeable.

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Tengvall, John, and Dennis Wildmark. "Designing Applications for use of NB-IoT." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20668.

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Анотація:

IoT är en marknad som har växt fort under de senaste åren och skapat sig en egen industri. Kärnan i IoT är internetanslutningen och i många fall är mobil kommunikation den bästa lösningen för en IoT-produkt. Problemet är att det inte finns något självklart val av mobil kommunikation för användning i en IoT-produkt. Den mobila kommunikationsbranschen har reagerat på det nya behovet av mobil kommunikationsstandard för IoT och 2016 släppte 3GPP en ny standard av typen LPWAN kallad NB-IoT. Flera företag verkar för att implementera denna standard, och det finns ett behov av att undersöka hur applikationer kan utnyttja standarden på ett effektivt sätt. Denna uppsats presenterar en jämförelse mellan två applikationer som använder olika ALP, HTTP och CoAP, i en LPWAN-kontext. Resultaten av denna jämförelse visar att det finns mycket att vinna på att välja CoAP istället för HTTP, speciellt i en IoT-miljö som applikationerna presenterade i denna uppsats. Uppsatsen presenterar även en samling egenskaper som en applikation bör ha för att utnyttja en LPWAN-kommunikationsstandard effektivt.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a market that has grown very fast in the last few years,creating an industry of its own. The core of IoT is the Internet connectivity and many times, the best solution for an IoT device is to use some form of mobile connection to solve this. The problem is that there is no obvious choice of mobile communication standard for use in an IoT device. The mobile communications industry has reacted to this newly emerged need of amobile communications standard designed for the IoT domain and in 2016 the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) released a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) type of standard named Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). Several companies are working on implementing this standard, and there is a need to investigate how applications can utilize the standard effectively. This thesis presents a comparison between two applications using different ApplicationLayer Protocol (ALP)s, Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), in an LPWAN context. The results of this comparison shows that there is a lot to gain by choosing CoAP over HTTP, especially in an IoT environment such as the applications presented in this thesis. The thesis also presents a collection of properties that applications should have to use an LPWAN effectively.

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Novotný, Jaromír. "Univerzální komunikační zařízení využívající technologie LoRaWAN a Narrowband IoT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400910.

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Анотація:

This Master thesis is focused on the design and consequential realization of the Multi-RAT communication device. The theoretical part describes a comparison of two promising communication LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) technologies that are available to use in the Czech Republic. These technologies are NB-IoT (NarrowBand-Internet of Things) and LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). The practical part contains a description used components, their consequential fitting and testing of designed printed circuit board of the device. The thesis also describes the implementation of software and realized measurement. Technical documentation of a device can be found in the appendix of this thesis.

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Klučka, Tomáš. "Implementace technologie smart meteringu do provozu malého obecního vodovodu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391949.

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The diploma thesis describes the actual situation of smart water metering, an overview of water meters suitable for remote data reading and individual components for application of remote data transmission including transmission itself. The thesis also contains the characteristics of available wireless data communication technologies and detailed solutions according to two companies specializing in remote transmission of water meter data. Subsequently, the pilot projects of large water company are presented, including practical findings. The practical part deals with the implementation of smart water metering in three specific municipalities, including a description of the area of interest, water supply system specification and possible limitations, the recommended technology, the requirements for putting in into operation and the pricing of technology and services according to two specialized companies. Finally, the possibilities of other using of smart water meter technology are discussed.

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Mašek, Petr. "Implementace a vyhodnocení komunikační technologie LoRaWAN v simulačním prostředí NS-3." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442353.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the description of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies for use in IoT (Internet of Things) communication scenarios. The theoretical part compares communication technologies operating in the license-exempt frequency band, i.e. Sigfox and LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). Furthermore, technologies using the licensed frequency spectrum are discussed, specifically, attention is focused on NB-IoT (Narrow Band IoT). Emphasis is placed on LoRaWAN technology and the properties of the unlicensed frequency band below the 1 GHz, which is utilized by this technology. The practical part of the thesis consists of the evaluation of simulation scenarios using an integrated module in the simulation environment NS-3 (Network Simulator 3). Attention is focused mainly on the analysis of data transmission success using selected communication parameters of LoRaWAN technology. The obtained simulation outputs with a focus on mMTC (massive Machine-Type Communication) communication scenarios confirm the relationship between the number of end devices and gateways, communication distance and transmission reliability, or the limit value for the duty cycle.

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Abboud, Samira. "Study and improvement of long range communication technologies for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC028.

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Les progrès des technologies de communication à faible consommation d’énergie et à faible cout ont révolutionne les applications de télédétection et de surveillance. L’Internet des objets (IoT) a promis la création d’un écosystème d’appareils connectes à travers un large éventail d’applications, telles que les villes intelligentes. A l’heure actuelle, de nombreuses normes et technologies concurrentes tentent de saisir l’IoT, en particulier dans le domaine des technologies de télédétection et de communication. LoRa (Long Range) est l’une de ces technologies qui gagne en popularité et en attraction dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN). La possibilité d’établir des communications longue distance avec des nœuds relativement simples, une infrastructure minimale, des besoins en énergie réduits et l’utilisation de bandes ISM sans licence offre un avantage concurrentiel significatif. Bien que la portée de communication dans LoRa puisse dépasser 15 kilomètres en visibilité directe, le débit binaire maximal pouvant être atteint est limite à quelques kilobits par seconde. De plus, lorsqu’une collision se produit dans LoRa, le débit est encore réduit en raison de pertes de trames et de retransmissions. Les travaux de cette thèse traitent le problème des collisions dans LoRa qui peuvent survenir sous une charge importante et qui dégradent les performances du réseau.Premièrement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison montante dans LoRaWAN. Nous étudions le contexte des signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, ou chaque appareil terminal doit retransmettre toute sa trame en collision après qu’une collision se produit dans LoRa. Ce comportement diminue le débit global et augmente la consommation d’énergie des terminaux et le délai des trames. Pour cette raison, afin d’atténuer les effets néfastes des collisions, nous avons proposé un algorithme de décodage pour résoudre les signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, dans un trafic réseau sature et confirme. Nous avons remplacé le modèle de retransmission conventionnel de LoRa en un modèle faisant en sorte que les dispositifs terminaux transmettent des bitmaps au lieu de retransmettre des trames entières pour déterminer les symboles corrects de chaque trame en collision. Notre algorithme a pu améliorer significativement le débit global de la couche LoRaWAN MAC à base de LoRa, et diminuer la consommation d’énergie des émetteurs et le délai des trames.Deuxièmement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison descendante dans LoRaWAN. Nous avons remarqué que la liaison descendante dans LoRa est un goulot d’étranglements. Nous avons donc travaillé sur la sélection de la passerelle par le serveur de réseau et son impact sur le débit, la consommation d’énergie et le délai. Nous avons étudié trois types de déploiement de passerelle et nous avons montre que les performances du système dépendent de ce déploiement. Nous avons montré que l’équilibrage du nombre de terminaux par passerelle (également connu sous le nom de charge) améliore le débit par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal. En outre, nous avons montré que la combinaison de la charge et de la qualité du signal n’améliore pas davantage le débit. De plus, nous avons montré que le choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal diminue le délai des trames et la consommation d’énergie des terminaux par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la charge la plus faible
The progress in low-energy, low-cost communication technologies have revolutionized remote sensing and monitoring applications. Internet of Things (IoT) has promised an ecosystem of connected devices across a wide range of applications such as in smart cities.Currently, many competing standards and technologies are attempting to seize the IoT, particularly in the area of remote sensing and communication technologies. LoRa (Long Range) is one of those technologies that is gaining popularity and attraction in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications. The ability to make long-distance communications with relatively simple nodes, minimal infrastructure, reduced power requirements, and the use of unlicensed ISM bands provides a significant competitive advantage. Although the communication range in LoRa can exceed 15 kilometers in line of sight, the maximum bit rate that can be achieved is limited to few kilobits per second. Additionally, when a collision occurs in LoRa, the throughput is further reduced due to frame losses and retransmissions. The work of this thesis deals with the problem of collisions in LoRa that may occur under heavy load, and which degrade the performance of the network.First, we consider the context for LoRaWAN uplink communications. We study the context of fully synchronized colliding LoRa signals, where each end-device has to retransmit its entire colliding frame after a collision occurs in LoRa. This behavior decreases the overall throughput, and increases the energy consumption of the end-devices, and the delay of the frames. Therefore, in order to mitigate the damaging effects of collisions, we proposed a decoding algorithm to resolve synchronized colliding LoRa signals, in a saturated and confirmed network traffic. We substituted the conventional retransmission model of LoRa by having end-devices transmitting bitmaps instead of retransmitting whole frames to determine the correct symbols of each colliding frame. Our algorithm was able to significantly improve the overall throughput of the LoRaWAN MAC layer based on LoRa, and to decrease the energy consumption of the transmitters and the delay of the frames.Second, we consider the context for LoRaWAN downlink communications. We noticed that the downlink in LoRa is a bottleneck. Hence, we worked on the gateway selection by the network server and its impact on the throughput, the energy consumption and the delay. We studied three types of gateway deployment and we show that the system performance depends on this deployment. We showed that balancing the number of end-devices per gateway (also known as load) improves the throughput compared to choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality. Moreover, we showed that combining load and signal quality does not further improve the throughput. In addition, we showed that choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality decreases the delay and energy consumption compared to choosing the gateway with the lowest load

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Drápela, Roman. "Implementace a vyhodnocení komunikační technologie LTE Cat-M1 v simulačním prostředí Network Simulator 3." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400908.

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Diploma thesis deals with the implementation of LTE Cat-M1 technology in simulator NS--3 (Network Simulator 3). The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes key terms concerning IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LPWA (Low-Power Wide Area) networks. The practical part summarizes the possibilities of currently available modules for cellular technologies for NS-3, ie. the LENA module and the subsequent extension of LENA+ and ELENA. Simulation scenarios offer a comparison of LTE/LTE-A and LTE Cat-M1 (also known as eMTC - enhanced Machine Type Communication) technologies for M2M communication. The results of the simulations are well-arranged in the form of graphs and discussed at the end of the thesis.

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Adamou, Djibrilla Incha. "Réseaux de collecte de données pour les zones blanches étendues." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS457/document.

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Les zones blanches étendues sont de vastes espaces géographiques (forêts, déserts), sans ou ayant très peu d’infrastructures telles que les routes, les réseaux électriques ou de télécommunication. Cependant, très souvent, dans ces zones se développent de nombreuses activités économiques ou environnementales telles que le monitoring de l’environnement, la surveillance d’une frontière ou d’une installation de pipeline, ou encore la prévention des feux de forêt. Grâce aux techniques de télédétection et de communication, une fonction clé de ces activités repose sur la collecte d’informations issues de capteurs qui sont transmises à un centre d’analyse distant. Nous proposons des solutions réseau afin d’effectuer la collecte de ces données dans les zones blanches étendues grâce à des technologies de communication longue distance et faible énergie, de type LoRaWAN. Pour le problème du déploiement du réseau de capteurs sans fil dans ces zones difficiles, nous avons proposé une heuristique inspirée de la croissance biologique d’un champignon, le physarum. Le physarum est capable de créer un corps complexe de liens pour trouver de la nourriture nécessaire à sa survie tout en optimisant ses propres ressources corporelles lors des périodes de disette. Ce principe d’optimisation a été adapté au domaine des réseaux pour déployer un réseau tolérant aux fautes, tout en minimisant le nombre de ressources ou relais à placer sur la zone d’intérêt. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à la collecte opportuniste de données dans les zones blanches afin de pouvoir collecter l’information des nœuds trop éloignés d’une station relais. Nous avons développé une méthode de collecte basée sur les avions de ligne qui survole le territoire. Durant une fenêtre de communication, l’avion est à portée d’un capteur et peut ainsi collecter les données stockées qui seront livrées au serveur à l’atterrissage de l’avion. Notre dernière contribution utilise conjointement les deux méthodes précédentes, pour permettre à la fois le déploiement du réseau et la collecte des capteurs isolés
Although wide white areas are not equipped or sparsely equipped with any infrastructure (energy, roads ...), strategic human activities are being carried out such as mines, forest, pipeline... To tackle the problem of deploying sensor networks in a very large area where few infrastructures are available, we propose a network deployment algorithm which aims at efficiently linking sparse points of interest in a very wide white area. The originality of the proposed method is that it mimics the evolution of a type of mold called physarum. Secondly, we aim at overcoming the deployment problem in wide white areas by using long range communication between an aircraft and earth. The new data collection scheme he proposes is based on the use of commercial flights to collect data while they cross over an area of interest. It investigates the feasibility of such a scheme by determining the collection capacity of commercial aircraft in different locations of the desert. Finally, we mixed both solutions do repatriate data from sensors not covered by any flight to a covered data sink that relays data to the aircraft

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Частини книг з теми "LPWAN technology"

Jain, Shobhit, M. Pradish, A. Paventhan, M. Saravanan, and Arindam Das. "Smart Energy Metering Using LPWAN IoT Technology." In ISGW 2017: Compendium of Technical Papers, 19–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8249-8_2.

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Hu, Ran, Xutao Shi, Lei Yu, Zhiyong Yuan, Zhanhua Huang, Kairan Li, and Gaomin Zhang. "Automatic Identification Technology for Distribution Terminals Based on Unlicensed LPWAN." In Advances in Artificial Systems for Power Engineering II, 97–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97064-2_10.

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Martinez, Miguel Angel Quiroz, Gonzalo Antonio Loza González, Monica Daniela Gomez Rios, and Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vazquez. "Selection of LPWAN Technology for the Adoption and Efficient Use of the IoT in the Rural Areas of the Province of Guayas Using AHP Method." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 497–503. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51328-3_68.

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Croce, Daniele, Michele Gucciardo, Giuseppe Santaromita, Stefano Mangione, and Ilenia Tinnirello. "Performance of LoRa technology: link-level and cell-level performance." In LPWAN Technologies for IoT and M2M Applications, 181–97. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818880-4.00010-7.

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del Campo, Guillermo, Igor Gomez, Guillermo Cañada, Luca Piovano, and Asuncion Santamaria. "Guidelines and criteria for selecting the optimal low-power wide-area network technology." In LPWAN Technologies for IoT and M2M Applications, 281–305. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818880-4.00014-4.

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Akanksha, Eisha. "Principles and Applications of Narrowband IoT." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 46–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch003.

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The internet of things (IoT) brings ‘life' to non-living things. In the IoT frameworks, the devices become smarter, more intelligent, become able to make decisions, and can communicate with other entities, applications, as well as human beings. According to a Gartner report, by 2020 more than 25 billion devices will be connected to the internet. Low power wireless wide area network (LPWAN) is a group of various low power, wide-area technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, DASH7, RPMA, LTE-M, designed to interconnect low bandwidth, battery-operated devices having limited processing power, limited memory, transmission speed with low bit rates at long-range using radio communication technologies. Most of these technologies provide a long battery life, low deployment cost, large capacity, and generates deeper insights of businesses. However, each technology differs in latency, data rate, handover mechanisms, quality of services, applications, and use cases. In this chapter, the authors provide the basic principles of these LPWANs and present their applications in different domains.

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Routray, Sudhir K., and Sarath Anand. "Narrowband IoT for Internet of Everything." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 301–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch013.

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Narrowband internet of things (NBIoT) is a leaner and thinner version of the IoT which needs much less resources than the other forms of the IoTs. Therefore, it is considered as a low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology. It can connect with a large number of devices with a very small amount of power and bandwidth. It has potential to connect almost all the considerable objects with the internet. Thus, it is a very powerful technology to establish internet of everything (IoE), a framework consisting of data, processes, sensing, and follow up actions for an intelligent environment. In this chapter, the authors present the IoE friendly architecture of NBIoT, its LPWAN features, principles, and its common applications in different sectors to show its versatility toward IoE. They show the layered architecture of a typical NBIoT and the main protocols used in the narrowband scenarios. They show the general applications of NBIoT for IoE and how it can provide services with limited bandwidth and power. With all these wonderful features, NBIoT is certainly an attractive technology for IoE which can provide the accelerated innovation opportunities.

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Bouras, Christos J., Apostolos Gkamas, Spyridon Aniceto Katsampiris Salgado, and Nikolaos Papachristos. "Search and Rescue System Based on NB-IoT Wearable Device." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 195–222. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch009.

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This chapter presents the design and development of a search and rescue (SAR) system, for the location and provision of aid to people who are missing or in imminent danger, especially those belonging to population groups with a particularly high probability of getting lost. With the use of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, such as narrow band internet of things (NB-IoΤ), the authors are able to provide search and rescue solutions for individuals, especially those belonging to groups of people who are more likely to get lost. The central part of the system is a modular “wearable (portable)” device, while in the framework of the implementation of this system, the authors have seriously taken into consideration the aspects of energy efficiency in order to provide better battery life.

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França, Reinaldo Padilha, Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro, Rangel Arthur, and Yuzo Iano. "An Overview of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in the Modern Era." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 26–45. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch002.

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NB-IoT is the most suitable mobile network technology for IoT applications that require exceptionally extensive coverage added with extremely low power consumption, since these applications will generally be characterized by low data rates and moderate reaction times, usually in a few seconds, enabling the creation and development of solutions aimed at smart cities and smart environments. The NB-IoT technology can be characterized as a cellular LPWAN technology operating in a downlink within a bandwidth of 180 kHz and a sub-carrier space of 15 kHz and in the uplink, in general with a single tone transmission ranging between 3.75 kHz or 15 kHz, using coverage enhancement techniques, with characteristics of battery life for more than a decade and with specific battery-saving features. The ease that technological solutions of internet of things (IoT) make available through applications connected through intelligent sensors in traffic lights and parking lots; city pollution sensors; meters for energy, water, and sewage in cities, among other possibilities make systems more efficient, considering NB-IoT connectivity in relation to the treatment of information collected by devices allowing applications to be developed to address market needs. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an updated discussion on narrowband technologies in the context of the IoT, showing and approaching its success, with a concise bibliographic background, categorizing and synthesizing the technological potential.

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Paul, Biswajit, and Rajesh Palit. "Smart Metering in Infrastructure-Less Communication Environments and Applicability of LoRa Technology." In Smart Metering Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97147.

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Advanced-Metering-Infrastructure (AMI) is an integral part of Smart-Grids (SGs). It enables accurate consumer billing in presence of dynamic pricing, and improves efficiency and reliability of electricity distribution in presence of distributed generation. Value-added features of AMI such as diagnostics and maintenance service can identify the anomalous power consumption patterns of appliances at the end of their life cycle. Water and gas utility distribution networks in smart cities will incorporate AMI as an application of Internet-of-Things (IoT). The communication infrastructure plays a crucial role in enabling two-way communication between Smart-Meters (SMs) and the utility. AMI’s bi-directional communication facility supports precise modeling of load information and data management system facilitating demand-response applications to reduce energy wastage. Researchers have investigated the role of wireless technologies in Home-Area-Networks (HANs), Neighborhood-Area-Networks (NANs) and Wide-Area-Networks (WANs) in AMI. The arrival of new Low-Power-Wide-Area-Networks (LPWANs) technologies has opened up new technology integration possibilities in AMI. However, it is essential to understand the AMI architecture, envisioned application types, network requirements, features and limitations of existing technologies to determine a technology’s integration suitability in an application for smart metering technology. This chapter discusses LoRa for smart metering in infrastructure-less environments and the possible use of our multi-hop routing scheme.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "LPWAN technology"

Saravanan, M., Arindam Das, and Vishakh Iyer. "Smart water grid management using LPWAN IoT technology." In 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giots.2017.8016224.

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L, Liya M., and Arjun D. "A Survey of LPWAN Technology in Agricultural Field." In 2020 Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac49090.2020.9243410.

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Goyal, Jitendra, and Arpit Khandelwal. "Long Range Nuclear Radiation Monitoring System using LPWAN Technology." In 2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas48726.2020.9220072.

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Pham, Congduc, Fabien Ferrero, Mamour Diop, Leonardo Lizzi, Ousmane Dieng, and Ousmane Thiare. "Low-cost antenna technology for LPWAN IoT in rural applications." In 2017 7th IEEE International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwasi.2017.7974231.

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Li, Lingling, Jiuchun Ren, and Qian Zhu. "On the application of LoRa LPWAN technology in Sailing Monitoring System." In 2017 13th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wons.2017.7888762.

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Petajajarvi, Juha, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Matti Hamalainen, and Jari Iinatti. "Evaluation of LoRa LPWAN technology for remote health and wellbeing monitoring." In 2016 10th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismict.2016.7498898.

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Bianco, Giulio Maria, Abraham Mejia-Aguilar, and Gaetano Marrocco. "Performance evaluation of LoRa LPWAN technology for mountain Search and Rescue." In 2020 5th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/splitech49282.2020.9243817.

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Ismail, I. S., N. A. Abdul Latiff, and N. A. A. Aziemah. "Performance Analysis of Data Recovery via Application Layer for LPWAN." In 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746677.

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Wunsch, Felix, Max Stroer, Marcus Muller, Holger Jakel, and Friedrich K. Jondral. "LPWAN Applications in the 2.4 GHz Band: A Viable Choice?" In 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690804.

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Meng, Xiangcheng, Haibin Wan, and Tuanfa Qin. "Design of Urban Parking Space Monitoring System Based on LPWAN." In 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295856.

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