Статті в журналах: "Low pressure turbine material"

1

Straka, František, Pavel Pánek, and Pavel Albl. "Plastic Behavior of Steam Turbine Low Pressure Part." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.197.

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Low-pressure steam turbine parts are generally exposed to lowest steam parameters only and it could seem that they should not be susceptible to permanent deformation. However, this assumption is incorrect and permanent changes in geometry become visible in low-pressure turbine casings when they are disassembled after the first time in operation. The driving mechanism of the plastic deformation of the low-pressure casings is mainly the non-uniform temperature field. This paper deals with results obtained from a numerical FEM simulation of a steam turbine low pressure part, which includes elastic-plastic behavior of the material, and results measured under the real conditions.

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2

Arai, Mikiya, Ryuzo Imamura, Kenji Matsuda, Yukiya Nakagawa, and Takahito Hosokawa. "Development of TiAl Blades for Large Low Pressure Turbine." Materia Japan 36, no. 4 (1997): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.36.394.

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3

Zhao, Yaping, Jianjun Feng, Zhihua Li, Mengfan Dang, and Xingqi Luo. "Analysis of Pressure Fluctuation of Tubular Turbine under Different Application Heads." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 5133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095133.

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The vigorous development of low-head hydraulic resources and tidal energy with greater stability and predictability is drawing attention to tubular turbines. However, many problems, such as incorrect unit association relationship, insufficient unit output, and severe vibration, occur frequently in tubular turbines, particularly when the water head is low. These phenomena cannot be known through model machine tests and numerical studies. Therefore, this study takes the tubular turbine with different water heads as the research object, in accordance with the actual boundary conditions. The unsteady numerical research for the prototype machine is conducted while considering the free surface in the reservoir area and water gravity. The internal flow characteristics of the tubular turbine with different water heads and the influence of free surface on its performance are analyzed. The research indicates the following: affected by the free surface and the water gravity, the pressure in the entire flow passage of the horizontal tubular turbine increases with the increase in the submerged depth. In addition, the short water diversion section allows the water flow from the reservoir area to still have a certain asymmetry before reaching the runner. During the rotation process of the runner, the surface pressure and torque of the blade have evident periodic fluctuations, and the amplitude of the fluctuations will increase significantly with the decrease in H/D1. Moreover, in the case of small H/D1, the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the draft tube is larger, and concentrated high-frequency pressure pulsation occurs. These factors will lead to the occurrence of material fatigue damage, unstable output, and increased vibration in low-head tubular turbines.

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4

Zhao, Yaping, Jianjun Feng, Zhihua Li, Mengfan Dang, and Xingqi Luo. "Analysis of Pressure Fluctuation of Tubular Turbine under Different Application Heads." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 5133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095133.

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Анотація:

The vigorous development of low-head hydraulic resources and tidal energy with greater stability and predictability is drawing attention to tubular turbines. However, many problems, such as incorrect unit association relationship, insufficient unit output, and severe vibration, occur frequently in tubular turbines, particularly when the water head is low. These phenomena cannot be known through model machine tests and numerical studies. Therefore, this study takes the tubular turbine with different water heads as the research object, in accordance with the actual boundary conditions. The unsteady numerical research for the prototype machine is conducted while considering the free surface in the reservoir area and water gravity. The internal flow characteristics of the tubular turbine with different water heads and the influence of free surface on its performance are analyzed. The research indicates the following: affected by the free surface and the water gravity, the pressure in the entire flow passage of the horizontal tubular turbine increases with the increase in the submerged depth. In addition, the short water diversion section allows the water flow from the reservoir area to still have a certain asymmetry before reaching the runner. During the rotation process of the runner, the surface pressure and torque of the blade have evident periodic fluctuations, and the amplitude of the fluctuations will increase significantly with the decrease in H/D1. Moreover, in the case of small H/D1, the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the draft tube is larger, and concentrated high-frequency pressure pulsation occurs. These factors will lead to the occurrence of material fatigue damage, unstable output, and increased vibration in low-head tubular turbines.

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5

Zhao, Yaping, Jianjun Feng, Zhihua Li, Mengfan Dang, and Xingqi Luo. "Analysis of Pressure Fluctuation of Tubular Turbine under Different Application Heads." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 5133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095133.

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Анотація:

The vigorous development of low-head hydraulic resources and tidal energy with greater stability and predictability is drawing attention to tubular turbines. However, many problems, such as incorrect unit association relationship, insufficient unit output, and severe vibration, occur frequently in tubular turbines, particularly when the water head is low. These phenomena cannot be known through model machine tests and numerical studies. Therefore, this study takes the tubular turbine with different water heads as the research object, in accordance with the actual boundary conditions. The unsteady numerical research for the prototype machine is conducted while considering the free surface in the reservoir area and water gravity. The internal flow characteristics of the tubular turbine with different water heads and the influence of free surface on its performance are analyzed. The research indicates the following: affected by the free surface and the water gravity, the pressure in the entire flow passage of the horizontal tubular turbine increases with the increase in the submerged depth. In addition, the short water diversion section allows the water flow from the reservoir area to still have a certain asymmetry before reaching the runner. During the rotation process of the runner, the surface pressure and torque of the blade have evident periodic fluctuations, and the amplitude of the fluctuations will increase significantly with the decrease in H/D1. Moreover, in the case of small H/D1, the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the draft tube is larger, and concentrated high-frequency pressure pulsation occurs. These factors will lead to the occurrence of material fatigue damage, unstable output, and increased vibration in low-head tubular turbines.

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6

Hamed, Awatef A., Widen Tabakoff, Richard B. Rivir, Kaushik Das, and Puneet Arora. "Turbine Blade Surface Deterioration by Erosion." Journal of Turbomachinery 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1860376.

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This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and computational research program to investigate turbine vane and blade material surface deterioration caused by solid particle impacts. Tests are conducted in the erosion wind tunnel for coated and uncoated blade materials at various impact conditions. Surface roughness measurements obtained prior and subsequent to the erosion tests are used to characterize the change in roughness caused by erosion. Numerical simulations for the three-dimensional flow field and particle trajectories through a low-pressure gas turbine are employed to determine the particle impact conditions with stator vanes and rotor blades using experimentally based particle restitution models. Experimental results are presented for the measured blade material/coating erosion and surface roughness. The measurements indicate that both erosion and surface roughness increase with impact angle and particle size. Computational results are presented for the particle trajectories through the first stage of a low-pressure turbine of a high bypass turbofan engine. The trajectories indicate that the particles impact the vane pressure surface and the aft part of the suction surface. The impacts reduce the particle momentum through the stator but increase it through the rotor. Vane and blade surface erosion patterns are predicted based on the computed trajectories and the experimentally measured blade coating erosion characteristics.

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7

Kozakiewicz, Adam, Stanisław Jóźwiak, Przemysław Jóźwiak, and Stanisław Kachel. "Material Origins of the Accelerated Operational Wear of RD-33 Engine Blades." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020336.

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The structural and strength analysis of the materials used to construct an important engine element such as the turbine is of great significance, at both the design stage and during tests and training relating to emergency situations. This paper presents the results of a study on the chemical composition, morphology, and phased structure of the metallic construction material used to produce the blades of the high- and low-pressure turbines of the RD-33 jet engine, which is the propulsion unit of the MiG-29 aircraft. On the basis of an analysis of the chemical composition and phased structure, the data obtained from tests of the blade material allowed the grade of the alloy used to construct the tested elements of the jet engine turbine to be determined. The structural stability of the material was found to be lower in comparison with the engine operating conditions, which was shown by a clear decrease in the resistance properties of the blade material. The results obtained may be used as a basis for analyzing the life span of an object or a selection of material replacements, which may enable the production of the analyzed engine element.

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8

Kozakiewicz, Adam, Stanisław Jóźwiak, Przemysław Jóźwiak, and Stanisław Kachel. "Material Origins of the Accelerated Operational Wear of RD-33 Engine Blades." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020336.

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The structural and strength analysis of the materials used to construct an important engine element such as the turbine is of great significance, at both the design stage and during tests and training relating to emergency situations. This paper presents the results of a study on the chemical composition, morphology, and phased structure of the metallic construction material used to produce the blades of the high- and low-pressure turbines of the RD-33 jet engine, which is the propulsion unit of the MiG-29 aircraft. On the basis of an analysis of the chemical composition and phased structure, the data obtained from tests of the blade material allowed the grade of the alloy used to construct the tested elements of the jet engine turbine to be determined. The structural stability of the material was found to be lower in comparison with the engine operating conditions, which was shown by a clear decrease in the resistance properties of the blade material. The results obtained may be used as a basis for analyzing the life span of an object or a selection of material replacements, which may enable the production of the analyzed engine element.

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9

Ghosh, S. J. "Failure Investigation of a Low-Pressure Turbine Blade." Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/15477020419866.

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10

Ghosh, S. J. "Failure investigation of a low-pressure turbine blade." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 4, no. 3 (June 2004): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-996-0018-6.

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11

Barnes, J. E. "Structural Integrity of a Gas Turbine Combustion System Subjected to Increased Dynamic Pressure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817076.

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The effect of combustion dynamic pressure oscillations on the structural integrity of the MS 7001F dry low NOx2 (DLN 2) combustion system has been evaluated using ANSYS [1] finite element analyses and high cycle fatigue material data. Analytical results were validated with laboratory measurements on the combustion system subjected to combustion dynamic pressure at actual gas turbine temperature and pressure operating conditions. The combustion liner, transition piece, impingement sleeve, and supports were proven to have excellent durability when subjected to dynamic loads. No risk of structural failure exists at anticipated dynamic pressures using assumptions shown to be conservative.

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12

ABDESSEMED, N., S. J. SHERWIN, and V. THEOFILIS. "Linear instability analysis of low-pressure turbine flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 628 (June 1, 2009): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006272.

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Three-dimensional linear BiGlobal instability of two-dimensional states over a periodic array of T-106/300 low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades is investigated for Reynolds numbers below 5000. The analyses are based on a high-order spectral/hpelement discretization using a hybrid mesh. Steady basic states are investigated by solution of the partial-derivative eigenvalue problem, while Floquet theory is used to analyse time-periodic flow set-up past the first bifurcation. The leading mode is associated with the wake and long-wavelength perturbations, while a second short-wavelength mode can be associated with the separation bubble at the trailing edge. The leading eigenvalues and Floquet multipliers of the LPT flow have been obtained in a range of spanwise wavenumbers. For the most general configuration all secondary modes were observed to be stable in the Reynolds number regime considered. When a single LPT blade with top to bottom periodicity is considered as a base flow, the imposed periodicity forces the wakes of adjacent blades to be synchronized. This enforced synchronization can produce a linear instability due to long-wavelength disturbances. However, relaxing the periodic restrictions is shown to remove this instability. A pseudo-spectrum analysis shows that the eigenvalues can become unstable due to the non-orthogonal properties of the eigenmodes. Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations confirm all perturbations identified herein. An optimum growth analysis based on singular-value decomposition identifies perturbations with energy growthsO(105).

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13

Wang, Chan, Duo Qi Shi, and Xiao Guang Yang. "Failure Assessment of the First Stage High Pressure Turbine Blades." Applied Mechanics and Materials 853 (September 2016): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.853.498.

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Ni-based superalloys are used as turbine blade material in which creep-fatigue is an important damage mechanism. Simulation and experiment methods are used to investigate and predicte the failure mechanism of the first stage high pressure turbine blades of an aeroengine after 600 hours service. The high pressure turbine blades were made of Ni-base superalloy DZ4, fabricated by DS investment casting. The largest stress point was obtained by finite element analysis. During the fatigue test, the high temperature and low cycle fatigue/creep load simulating the real working condition were applied on the blades until they fractured. And then several examinations were carried out to identify the fracture’s main cause, such as visual examination, SEM fractography and microstructural characterization. In conclusion, the fracture of the high pressure turbine blades was mainly caused by the interaction of the fatigue and creep. Besides, the oxidation accelerated the blades fracture.

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14

Ning, Zhe, Wenping Ju, Bo Hu, Kai Lv, Guiping Zhou, Tingshan Ma, Yan Wang, and Rongzu Yang. "A thermodynamic analysis of optimization schemes for a heat-power cogeneration system." High Temperatures-High Pressures 49, no. 5-6 (2020): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v49.913.

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To overcome the strong thermoelectric coupling in a coal-fired combined heat and power plant (CCHPT), three optimization schemes are investigated. These include low-pressure turbine little steam operation (LLPEH), extracting steam from high pressure turbine (HP-LPEH), and integrating the LLPEH and HP-LPEH (HP-LLPEH). These are employed for enhancing the plant�s heat and electricity supply flexibility using steam extracted between the intermediate- and low-pressure turbines to provide heat (LPEH). The thermodynamic and economic performance of the schemes when applied to a 330MW coal-fired combined heat and power plant were evaluated and compared. The comparison reveals the highest heat supply capacity, highest heat to electricity ratio, and lowest standard coal consumption for the HP-LLPEH scheme, while the LPEH exhibits the highest thermal efficiency.

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15

Bytčanková, Lucia, Ján Rumann, and Peter Dušička. "Analyzing the impact of intake structure on the flow at low pressure SHPP." Pollack Periodica 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.00149.

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AbstractThe structural parts of intake structures directly affect the flow velocity distribution in the turbine intake of small hydropower plants, where inhomogeneous flow leads to uneven load of the turbine units causing operational problems. A 2D numerical flow modeling was used for investigations of the flow in an intake structure of a low-head small hydropower plant. The effects of shape changes of the intake structure on the flow velocity distribution in the turbine intakes were investigated and assessed proving significant effect of the shapes of the intake structure on the flow homogeneity in turbine intakes.

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16

Kegalj, Martin, and Heinz-Peter Schiffer. "Endoscopic PIV measurements in a low pressure turbine rig." Experiments in Fluids 47, no. 4-5 (July 23, 2009): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-009-0712-8.

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17

Hannun, Rafid M., Hazim I. Radhi, and Noura A. Essi. "The types of mechanical and thermal stresses on the first stage rotor blade of a turbine." Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/2346075x.513.

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Introduction: In this paper, the simulation of first stage of low pressure turbine for Nasiriya Power Plant was done to study the aerodynamic characteristic of steam along stage at load 70 MW, also the two types of mechanical stresses on the first stage rotor blade were studied in this paper. Materials and Methods:The material of blade was X20Cr13 stainless steel grade 1.4021. The first type of mechanical stresses which due to the steam pressure on the blade was analyzed. The seconds types of mechanical stresses that the centrifugal stresses on the blade. The AutoCAD software code was used for modeling the turbine stage, the dimensions and operational conditions were obtained practically from Nasiriya power plant and ANSYS (15.0) software was used to make simulate the turbine. Results and Discussion: The results showed that maximum steam velocity occurred at trailing edge of stationary blades and leading edge of rotating blades, also the maximum stresses occurred at the leading edge and trailing edge of root blade, the stresses due to the effect of centrifugal force is larger than the stresses due the pressure force. Conclusions: The maximum deformation occurred at tip of blade and minimum deformation depicted at root of blade.

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18

Cen, Hai Tang, Xiao Liang Wang, and Zhi Yong Hu. "Research on Forming Technology of Thermoplastic Composite Blade for Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.139.

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Thermoplastic composite has become preferred material for wind turbine blade with high performance, low cost and greenization. The fused mass of the thermoplastic resin has high viscosity and the forming of the thermoplastic composite materials is laborious, quality is not readily guaranteed, thus, the widespread use of thermoplastic composite blades for wind turbine is restricted. Based on the analysis of all kinds of the characteristics of thermoplastic forming technology, the paper has points out that the diaphragm forming is especially suitable for making a hyperboloid, variable thickness, large size wind turbine thermoplastic composite blade structure. The key to improving the forming quality and the efficiency of the thermoplastic blade forming is to establish finite element deformation model of a diaphragm forming process, to effectively control the process parameters such as temperature, pressure, forming rate. Conducting research on thermoplastic blade diaphragm forming technology lay the foundation for the industrialization of thermoplastic wind turbine blade.

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19

Suskis, P., A. Andreiciks, I. Steiks, O. Krievs, and J. Kleperis. "Micro-grid for on-site wind-and-hydrogen powered generation." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0002.

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Abstract The authors propose a micro-grid for autonomous wind-and-hydrogen power generation thus replacing such traditional fossil-fuelled equipment as domestic diesel generators, gas micro-turbines, etc. In the proposed microgrid the excess of electrical energy from a wind turbine is spent on electrolytic production of hydrogen which is then stored under low-pressure in absorbing composite material. The electrolyser has a non-traditional feeding unit and electrode coatings. The proposed DC/DC conversion topologies for different micro-grid nodes are shown to be well-designed. The prototypes elaborated for the converters and hydrogen storage media were tested and have demonstrated a good performance.

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20

Deshkar, Sudatta Walmik, Mr H. N. Sayankar, and Dr Vinod S. Gorantiwar. "Finite Element Analysis of Butterfly Valve." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. V (May 31, 2022): 3310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42456.

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The main objective of this project is shape optimization and structural stability of the butterfly valve for metallic and non-metallic materials butterfly valve is mostly used in the engine carburettors need to make structural stability and shape optimization plays the main role for this component, design modifications and material comparative analysis done in ANSYS Structural modules and find the optimized shape through stress, strain and deformation results. Valves for hydro power projects are installed for safety, maintenance, and shut-off, as well as for flow and pressure regulation. A Butterfly valve is a type of flow control device, which is widely used to regulate a fluid flowing through a section of pipe. This type of valve is mainly used as safety valve, turbine inlet valve, and pump valve for low to medium design pressures. They are operated by oil hydraulic systems for opening and closing or by closing weight and hydraulic pressure for opening. For turbine inlet valves, oil pressure can also be taken from the governor hydraulic oil system. The sealing system is of flexible, adjustable rubber/metal type to reduce leakage to a minimum. Water flow through the valve is possible in both directions. The main objective of this thesis work is to analyses the option of fabricated variant for door & body in place of casted, reduction in the material of valve body & door by structural design & FEM analysis & optimization in the material of valve component. The 3D modelling to be performs for butterfly valve by using CAD software. Further the stress & displacement FEM analysis of the butterfly valve to be performed by using ANSYS tool to evaluate the optimized result.

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21

Buzăianu, Aurelian, Ioana Csáki, Petra Moţoiu, Gabriela Popescu, Ingolfur Thorbjornsson, Kolbrun R. Ragnarsodottir, Sæmundur Guðlaugsson, and Daniel Goubmunson. "Recent Advances of the Basic Concepts in Geothermal Turbines of Low and High Enthalpy." Advanced Materials Research 1114 (July 2015): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1114.233.

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A few numbers of countries in the world are involved in geothermal exploration and geothermal development projects. In order to provide a stable power supply without increasing carbon dioxide on global environment problem, a basic condition need to be fulfilled. This condition is high reliability and high maintainability for the geothermal energetic pumps and turbines. Effective efficiency improvement and geothermal turbines system upgrading are very important and also fundamental economical factor. This means that CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are minimal and a higher reliance on geothermal power generation would work on preventing global warming.The solution to climate changes threat is based now, mainly, on renewable and ecological sources of energy. Geothermal energy has the potential to play a significant role in moving the Europe and other regions of the world toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. In order to increase the reliability of geothermal steam turbines, assessing the materials life under geothermal environment condition will be an important step. The corrosion process in the geothermal turbine and pumps depends on temperature, pressure, chemistry, mechanical and vaporous carryover of impurities and water treatment (distribution between the vapors, the surface film and rotor blades material, heat transfer properties etc).The aim of this paper is to present a new coating method for geothermal turbines and pumps components using multi composite technology in order to obtain a protective layer to reduce corrosion damages. The results were very promising and the technique used, plasma jet spraying is a very good method to be used on the geothermal turbines and pumps components.

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22

Ahmad Zahidin, A. A., A. M. I. Mamat, and A. Romagnoli. "Computational performance of a-100 kW low pressure turbine to recover gas turbine exhaust energy." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 4777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.02.0399.

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Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) was designed to recover exhaust energy from Internal Combustion (IC) engine. The LPT is located downstream retrieved exhaust heat energy from combustion after flowing through the high pressure turbine (HPT). The work output obtained from the exhaust energy is used to drive an electric generator with power output of 1.0kW. These was not done by commercial turbine as the low efficiency resulted when operated. The main purpose of this project is to develop a scaling model for LPT with power output up to 100kW. An existing LPT that was designed with output of 1.0 kW used as guideline to upscale the turbine. Scaling factor was obtained by comparing the baseline with power output. The turbine performance was analysed by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) ANSYS CFX. The study found that the scaling factor f, of 10 can be used to produce a 100kW at passage. Thus, the geometrical parameter will be scaled accordingly. The rotational speed is reduced from 50,000 rpm to 5,000 rpm. The CFD analysis found that 81% of total-static efficiency, ht-s at velocity ratio VR, of 0.68 and the Pressure Ratio PR, of 1.12 producing power of 119.88 kW which nearest with the design point which is at 100 kW. Despite the LPT swallowing capacity is increased by 50 times, the LPT is still limited by the operational choking Pressure Ratio, PR limitation which is 1.4.

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23

Zhang, Di, Pengfei Zhao, Wei Zhao, Yaoyuan Luo, and Yonghui Xie. "Experimental Study of Laser Cladding Methods on Water Erosion Resistance to Low Pressure Blades Materials of Steam Turbine." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/765064.

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An experimental apparatus was built to study the effects of liquid-solid impact on laser cladding processing specimens of 17-4PH stainless steel material in the present investigation. Then the result of specimens without laser surface process was compared. The impact effect on the specimens was observed using the three-dimensional digital microscope. The depth of laser cladding and substrate material caused by liquid droplet impact was studied in detail and measured. The accuracy and reliability of the experimental system and computing methods were also verified. The depth of the impact area of laser cladding specimens was distributed in the range of 0.5–1.5 μm while the 17-4PH group was distributed in the range of 2.5–3.5 μm. In contrast with specimens without laser surface processing, the material processed by laser cladding has significantly higher resistance to water erosion.

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24

TSUJI, Ichiro, and Asaharu MATSUO. "Development of a New Low Alloy Steel for High Pressure-Low Pressure Mono-Block Steam Turbine Rotor." Tetsu-to-Hagane 76, no. 7 (1990): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.7_1163.

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25

Nutranta, Ruli, Idrus Al Hamid, Nasruddin, and B. Harinaldi. "Simulation of Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System Using Turbocharger with Cycle Tempo and Environmentally Friendly Fluid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (August 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.13.

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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a modified rankine cycle with working fluids, of organic material (Refrigerant). Refrigerant pentane has low boiling point, therefore ORC can be used in power plant which uses low temperature resources, such as solar thermal exhausted gases and geothermal wells. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is used to convert heat energy into mechanical energy or electricity generated by a low temperature of the hot sun. The working fluid used is HCR12, HCR22, HCR134a and Pentane. Simulations performed with an organic Rankine cycle temperature and pressure with cycle tempo program. By programming the simulation cycle tempo and got the result on the maximum power a turbine to the conditions of the working fluid Pentane to the input turbine T = 700C and pressure = 2 bar can generate 2.07 kW. Turbocharger is one of the alternatives in the energy conversion of the energy of motion into electrical energy. Turbocharger rotation will be used to turn a generator and converts the energy of motion into electrical energy.

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26

Mohammad, Mahadhir, Meng Soon Chiong, Feng Xian Tan, Srithar Rajoo, and Muhammad Hanafi Md Sah. "Effect of adding ceramic thermal barrier coating on the turbocharger efficiency, external and internal heat transfer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012077.

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Abstract Turbocharger is a device installed on an internal combustion engine to boost its thermal efficiency. A turbocharger consists of three main components, namely the turbine, central housing, and compressor. The common material for commercial turbine housing is cast iron, for its lower cost yet resilience at elevated temperature. Given the high exhaust temperature a turbocharger is exposed to, energy loss in the form of heat transfer is inevitable. It is known to H turbine efficiency by up to 30%. This research aims to determine the turbocharger efficiency in the presence of thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the inner surface of turbine volute. Particularly, this work will focus on the internal and external heat transfer of the turbine and its impact on efficiency. The subject turbocharger is a commercial single-scroll vaneless unit commonly used in gasoline passenger vehicle. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is chosen as the TBC material, due to high melting point (around 2700°C), good thermal insulation property and very low thermal expansion compared to other ceramic materials. The YSZ was applied to the inner surface of turbine volute via plasma coating technique. However, due to the large disparity in thermal expansion between YSZ and cast iron, the TBC is prone to cracking at elevated exhaust temperature. Thus, an Inconel 718 turbine housing, with closer thermal expansion to YSZ, was refabricated for the use of this study The turbocharger performance was experimentally measured on the LoCARtic turbocharger gas stand. The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) was varied at 150, 350, 550, 650 and 750°C, while the compressor operating condition was maintained throughout the testing for equivalent comparison. From the result, the turbocharger efficiency drops when TIT is increased, and the turbine pressure ratio becomes lower. Overall, the external heat transfer loss is found to reduce 7% to 40% and no significant difference noticed on the internal heat transfer.

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27

He, B. Y., K. A. Soady, B. G. Mellor, A. Morris, and P. A. S. Reed. "Effects of shot peening on short crack growth rate and resulting low cycle fatigue behaviour in low pressure turbine blade material." Materials Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (July 2013): 788–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284713y.0000000230.

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28

Mukhopadhyay, N. K., S. Ghosh Chowdhury, G. Das, I. Chattoraj, S. K. Das, and D. K. Bhattacharya. "An investigation of the failure of low pressure steam turbine blades." Engineering Failure Analysis 5, no. 3 (September 1998): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-6307(98)00016-8.

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29

Ejaz, N., I. N. Qureshi, and S. A. Rizvi. "Creep failure of low pressure turbine blade of an aircraft engine." Engineering Failure Analysis 18, no. 6 (September 2011): 1407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.03.010.

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30

Pawlicki, Jakub, Piotr Marek, and Janisław Zwoliński. "Finite Element Modeling of Material Fatigue and Cracking Problems for Steam Power System HP Devices Exposed to Thermal Shocks." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0024.

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Abstract The paper presents a detailed analysis of the material damaging process due to low-cycle fatigue and subsequent crack growth under thermal shocks and high pressure. Finite Element Method (FEM) model of a high pressure (HP) by-pass valve body and a steam turbine rotor shaft (used in a coal power plant) is presented. The main damaging factor in both cases is fatigue due to cycles of rapid temperature changes. The crack initiation, occurring at a relatively low number of load cycles, depends on alternating or alternating-incremental changes in plastic strains. The crack propagation is determined by the classic fracture mechanics, based on finite element models and the most dangerous case of brittle fracture. This example shows the adaptation of the structure to work in the ultimate conditions of high pressure, thermal shocks and cracking.

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31

Mishra, R. K., and S. K. Jha. "Thermal Fatigue Failure of Low-Pressure Turbine Blade in a Low-Bypass Turbofan Engine." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-019-00622-0.

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32

Liburdi, J., P. Lowden, and C. Pilcher. "Automated Welding of Turbine Blades." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906203.

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The welding of superalloys has been regarded, generally, as an art requiring the highest degree of welder skill and discipline. These highly alloyed materials are prone to micro-cracking and, in some cases, even the best welders cannot achieve satisfactory results. Now, however, advances in automation technology have made it possible to program precisely the complex airfoil shapes and the welding parameters. Consequently, turbine blades can be welded in a repeatable manner, with a minimum of heat input, resulting in better metallurgical quality both in the base metal and the weld deposit. The application of this technology to the automated welding of high-pressure compressor turbine blade tips and the refurbishment of low-pressure turbine blade shrouds are presented in this paper.

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33

Bai, Houyi, Caichao Zhu, Ye Zhou, Xiaojin Chen, Houbin Feng, and Wei Ye. "Study on Tooth Interior Fatigue Fracture Failure of Wind Turbine Gears." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111497.

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Gear contact fatigue has becoming a bottleneck restricting the safety and reliability of wind turbine transmission systems. Tooth interior fatigue fracture (TIFF) failure is commonly observed in case-hardened wind turbine gears. In this work, a contact fatigue model is developed to investigate the effect of design parameters and material properties on TIFF of wind turbine gears. The sub-surface stress field is obtained by superposing the load-introduced stress and initial residual stress. The hardness gradient of the hardened layer is measured by Vickers hardness tests. Based upon the stress field and material properties, a fatigue parameter analysis is presented to characterize the risk of TIFF by using the Dang Van multiaxial fatigue criterion. Results show that the risk of TIFF increases with increasing external load. Increasing pressure angle and residual compressive stress could reduce TIFF risk. The combination of high surface hardness, low core hardness, and large effective case depth could inhibit the crack initiation.

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34

Mevissen, Frank, and Michele Meo. "A Nonlinear Ultrasonic Modulation Method for Crack Detection in Turbine Blades." Aerospace 7, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7060072.

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In modern gas turbines, efforts are being made to improve efficiency even further. This is achieved primarily by increasing the generated pressure ratio in the compressor and by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. This leads to enormous loads on the components in the hot gas region in the turbine. As a result, non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring (SHM) processes are becoming increasingly important to gas turbine manufacturers. Initial cracks in the turbine blades must be identified before catastrophic events occur. A proven method is the linear ultrasound method. By monitoring the amplitude and phase fluctuations of the input signal, structural integrity of the components can be detected. However, closed cracks or small cracks cannot be easily detected due to a low impedance mismatch with the surrounding materials. By contrast, nonlinear ultrasound methods have shown that damages can be identified at an early stage by monitoring new signal components such as sub- and higher harmonics of the fundamental frequency in the frequency spectrum. These are generated by distortion of the elastic waveform due to damage/nonlinearity of the material. In this paper, new global nonlinear parameters were derived that result from the dual excitation of two different ultrasound frequencies. These nonlinear features were used to assess the presence of cracks as well as their qualitative sizes. The proposed approach was tested on several samples and turbine blades with artificial and real defects. The results were compared to samples without failure. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate nonlinear elastic interaction of the stress waves with the damage regions. The results show a clear trend of nonlinear parameters changing as a function of the crack size, demonstrating the capability of the proposed approach to detect in-service cracks.

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35

Funazaki, K., N. Iwaguchi, and S. Kawasaki. "Unsteady flow simulations in two-stage turbines of a rocket turbopump to estimate blade structural soundness for fatigue." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012003.

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Abstract This study first aims at detailed investigations of three-dimensional unsteady flow field in the reference and optimized rocket turbine stages by performing time-accurate flow simulations based on Transient Blade Row (TBR) method or Time Transformation (TT) method in a commercial software ANSYS CFX. Although TT method is believed to enable relatively low-cost unsteady flow simulation, detailed comparisons between TT method-based and conventional unsteady flow simulations are made before TT method application to Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI) problem. This study then makes an attempt to conduct structural analyses of the 1st and 2nd stage turbine blades under the influence of unsteady fluid forces caused by rotor-stator interaction predicted by TT method-based flow simulations. The structural analyses are executed by use of MSC Nastran. In this study, two materials are adopted as blade material. After the Fourier-series decomposition of the calculated unsteady pressure distributions, the unsteady pressure information is mapped onto the FEM (Finite Element Method)-modeled turbine blade surface as exciting aerodynamic loading. The frequency response analyses are then performed to calculate alternating stresses of the blade, from which the maximum magnitudes of alternating stress are obtained so as to discuss the rotor blade fatigue life.

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36

Liska, Jindrich, Jan Jakl, and Vojtech Vasicek. "Rotating blades monitoring using standard turbine instrumentation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 23-24 (November 13, 2019): 7447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219889084.

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Ensuring the reliability of the steam turbine is fundamental task for its proper operation. Early detection of any failure avoids material and financial losses. A very important task in turbomachinery diagnostics is monitoring of rotating blades vibration, especially in terms of the last stages of low-pressure turbine parts, where, in general, the vibration can reach the important level due the blades length. The commonly used methods are based on stress evaluation using strain gauges or on the non-contact measurement of blade tips – blade tip-timing (BTT) method. Rising demand for low-cost monitoring systems suitable for blade monitoring has led to development of a new approach based on signal processing of standard turbine instrumentation. The symptoms of blade vibration could be also visible in signals from relative shaft vibration (SV) sensors, which are standardly installed in turbine journal bearings. This paper illustrates the principles and possibilities of the approach based on processing of SV signals for monitoring of actual state of rotating blades. Finally, the comparison of parallel measurements using SV and BTT in operation of steam turbine reveals the properties and advantages of both methods.

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37

SANTOS, RICARDO B., and PETER W. HART. "Case study: Paper mill power plant optimization—balancing steam venting with mill demand." June 2020 19, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.6.317.

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Most Power departments are tasked with generating steam to support mill wide operations, gener-ate electricity, and reduce operating costs. To accomplish these tasks, power boilers generate high pressure steam that is reduced to intermediate and low pressures for process utilization in the mill by means of steam turbine generator extraction or pressure reducing valves. The most economical method to reduce steam pressure is the use of steam turbine generators, as electricity is generated from the steam when it is reduced in pressure. Electricity that is produced by these generators provides a substantial financial benefit and helps offset overall operational costs. To achieve tangible financial gains, the mill must evaluate the overall cost of steam production and the price of electricity. The current work provides a case study of power plant optimization that evaluated electricity production and steam production costs balanced with mill steam demand. Process and cost optimization led to a significant reduction in low pressure steam venting, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and reduced operating cost.

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38

Plesiutschnig, E., R. Vallant, G. Stöfan, C. Sommitsch, M. Mayr, A. Marn, and F. Heitmeier. "Cracks on the Roots of Turbine Blades of the Low-Pressure Turbine in a Steam Power Plant." Practical Metallography 52, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110318.

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39

Young, Lih-jier, Bo-Han Yeh, and Phansia Rose Young. "Remaining Life Assessment of Low-Pressure Turbine Rotor Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 42, no. 3 (March 27, 2014): 20130016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20130016.

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40

Janschek, Peter. "Forging of Titaniumaluminide Parts." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1353.

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A new material is available that displays the high temperature mechanical properties of nickel alloys at half the density –the intermetallic Titaniumaluminides. These extraordinary properties give it great potential for lightweight construction in aeroengines. The high Young’s modulus compared to common Titanium alloys offers advantages even in light weight applications, which do not need high heat resistance, e. g. connection rods. However, its characteristic rather like ceramics than metals presents a challenge in terms of forming. A forging technology has been developed with respect to this behaviour. Using isothermal forging at high temperatures with extremely low strain rates allows a material related forming. High pressure compressor blades and low pressure turbine blades have been forged as well as con rod for sports car engines. For economical improvement several blades may be forged at the same time.

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41

Jadallah, Abdullateef A., and Adil A. Al-Kumait. "A Comparative Study on the Performance Augmentation of a Gas Turbine Power Plant." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.1.01.

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In the present work, a comparative performance analysis of the gas turbine power plant with and without power augmenting devices was carried out. The intercooler, turbine burner (reheater), and heat exchanger were inserted individually and together to reveal the effect of each device. A model for each addition was derived on the base of the simple cycle and adapted to reflect the effect of the performance parameters on the plant power and thermal efficiency. The heat exchanger with different effectiveness improves the thermal efficiency but for low pressure ratios, while the intercooler has low effect at low pressure ratios. Its effect increases with increasing of this ratio and this needs advanced materials. The intercooler cooling percent was considered as 50%, 75% and 100%. The use of turbine burner alone augments the output power by 19.4% but on the expense of thermal efficiency (dropped by 4%) and fuel price. The interstage compressor cooling augments the power by 1.3%, while the efficiency increases slowly and needs a large amount of compression. The combination of intercooling with turbine burner enhances the power by 13.4%. So the regeneration must be installed with them to ensure an enhancement in plant compatibility and thermal efficiency.

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42

Tang, Hui, Yulong Lei, and Xingzhong Li. "An Acoustic Source Model for Applications in Low Mach Number Turbulent Flows, Such as a Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blade." Energies 12, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234596.

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Aerodynamic noise from wind turbine blades is one of the major hindrances for the widespread use of large-scale wind turbines generating green energy. In order to more accurately guide wind turbine blade manufacturers to optimize the blade geometry for aerodynamic noise reduction, an acoustic model that not only understands the relation between the behavior of the sound source and the sound generation, but also accounts for the compressibility effect, was derived by rearranging the continuity and Navier–Stokes equations as a wave equation with a lump of source terms, including the material derivative and square of the velocity divergence. Our acoustic model was applied to low Mach number, weakly compressible turbulent flows around NACA0012 airfoil. For the computation of flow fields, a large-eddy simulation (LES) with the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale (SGS) model and the cubic interpolated pseudo particle (CIP)-combined unified numerical procedure method were conducted. The reproduced turbulent flow around NACA0012 airfoil was in good agreement with the experimental data. For the estimation of acoustic fields, our acoustic model and classical sound source models, such as Lighthill and Powell, were performed using our LES database. The investigation suggested that the derived material derivative of the velocity divergence plays a dominant role as sound source. The distribution of the sources in our acoustic model was consistent with that of the classical sound source models. The sound pressure level (SPL) predicted based on the above-mentioned LES and our newly derived acoustic model was in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The influence of the increase of Mach number on the acoustic field was investigated. Our acoustic source model was verified to be capable of treating the influence of Mach numbers on the acoustic field.

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43

Kumaresan, D. Arul, and R. K. Mishra. "Analysis of Low-Pressure Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane Failure in an Aero Gas Turbine Engine: A Computational Approach." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 19, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-019-00628-8.

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44

Martynyuk, L. A., L. V. Bykov, A. D. Ezhov, P. I. Talalaeva, and D. V. Afanasiev. "Experience in using anisotropic properties of composites in engineering the compressor impeller of a small-size gas turbine engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032903029.

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The use of composite materials in modern aircraft and rocket engines is one of the most promising areas. Low density and high strength characteristics of composite materials are crucial when choosing a material for small-sized compressors. The main ability to bear the load of the composite material is provided by the reinforcing fibers of the filler. The greater the percentage of filler fibers has a particular orientation, the higher the strength and rigidity of the product in this direction. If the part is loaded with forces applied primarily in one or two directions, it makes sense to create a material with anisotropy of properties that will exactly match the applied loads. For example, the disk and blades of a centrifugal compressor operate under the action of centrifugal force and gas pressure. In this case, to manufacture a centrifugal compressor impeller from composite materials, it is only necessary to redistribute the fibers in the part space in such a way as to create an optimal anisotropy of properties. This article describes the procedure for selecting the optimal orientation of reinforcing fibers in the impeller of a centrifugal compressor of a small gas turbine engine.

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45

Rusin, Andrzej, and Martyna Tomala. "Steam turbine maintenance planning based on forecasting of life consumption processes and risk analysis." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, no. 3 (May 20, 2022): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.3.1.

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Flexible operation of coal-fired power plants contributes to the intensification of the life consumption processes, which is a serious problem especially in the case of units with a long in-service time. In steam turbine rotors, the crack propagation rate and material wear caused by low-cycle fatigue increase. The aim of the research is an attempt to forecast the development of these processes and to estimate the probability of critical elements damage, such as the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure rotors. In the stress state analyses, the finite element method (FEM) is used, the Monte Carlo method and the second order reliability method (SORM) is apply to calculate the probability of failure. It is proposed to use risk analysis to plan preventive maintenance of the turbine. The optimal intervals for carrying out diagnostic tests and prophylactic repairs is determined for various operating scenarios and various failure scenarios. This enables a reduction of the costs while ensuring the safety of the turbine's operation.

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46

Niu, Li Bin, and Katsuyuki Kobayashi. "Crevice Corrosion of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Materials in the Boiler Water Contained Impurity Ions." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.192.

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Crevice corrosion of 3.5NiCrMoV and 13Cr steels, which are used as low-pressure (LP) steam turbine materials, was investigated by electrochemical corrosion tests in the simulated boiler water contained chloride and sulfate ions. For 3.5NiCrMoV steel, by comparison with the surfaces outside crevice, the surfaces inside crevice of the specimens coupled with both of the same steel and 13Cr steel showed no remarkably corroded pattern even though pitting corrosion was observed. The specimen of 13Cr steel coupled with the same steel plate exhibited pitting corrosion inside the crevice, and a lower open cycle potential (Ocp) than the single plate of 13Cr steel. On the other hand, the specimen of 13Cr steel coupled with 3.5NiCrMoV steel plate showed the lowest Ocp, as the anodic dissolutions of 3.5NiCrMoV steel became the dominate corrosion mechanism.

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47

Rogalev, Andrey, Nikolay Rogalev, Ivan Komarov, Vladimir Kindra, and Sergey Osipov. "Methods for Competitiveness Improvement of High-Temperature Steam Turbine Power Plants." Inventions 7, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020044.

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The paper is concerned with the problem of the development of high-temperature steam turbine power plants with ultra-supercritical (USC) initial parameters. One of the main disadvantages of the USC power unit’s creation is high price due to the application of expensive heat-resistant materials for boiler, live and reheat steam pipelines in turbines. To solve this problem, the following technical improvements to reduce the application of the heat-resistant materials and equipment metal consumption are proposed: horizontal boiler layout, high temperature steam turbine with a cooling system, oxy-hydrogen combustion chambers, and two-tier low-pressure turbine. The influence of the above-mentioned solutions on the high-temperature steam turbine power plant efficiency was estimated using thermodynamic analysis. The promising equipment design was developed based on the results of numerical and experimental research. The analysis of the proposed solutions’ influence upon the economic parameters of a high-temperature power facility was investigated based on the developed cost analysis model, which included the equipment metal and manufacturing expenses. The introduction of all the mentioned cost reduction methods led to a decrease in the facility’s price by RUB 10.5 billion or 15%. The discounted payback period was reduced from 27.5 to 10 years and the net present value increased by RUB 9.6 billion or 16 times.

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48

Jovicic, Gordana, Vencislav Grabulov, Stevan Maksimovic, Miroslav Zivkovic, Nebojsa Jovicic, Goran Boskovic, and Katarina Maksimovic. "Residual life estimation of a thermal power plant component: The high-pressure turbine housing case." Thermal Science 13, no. 4 (2009): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0904099j.

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This study focuses on the estimation of residual life of damaged thermal power plant components. The high-pressure turbine housing was chosen as an example of thermal power plant component where, during the years of exploitation, damage appeared in the form of dominant crack. Residual life estimation procedure, based upon experimental and numerical methods has been introduced and applied. Material properties were determined experimentally both at room and operating temperature, while all necessary calculations were performed by the special finite element method, so-called X-FEM. The residual life estimation of the damaged high-pressure turbine housing was performed by applying the Paris's law for crack growth analysis.

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49

Hasan, Muhammad Hasibul, and Shugata Ahmed. "Wear Resistance Performance of Conventional and Non-Conventional Wind Turbine Blades with TiN Nano-Coating." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2017): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.02.03.2017.01.

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Efficiency and durability are critical issues that affect widely-adopted aerofoil-power generator as a sustainable source of electrical power. Even though high wind power density can be achieved; installing wind turbines in desert condition has difficulties including thermal variation, high turbulence and sand storms. Sand blasting on turbine blade surface at high velocities causes erosion resulting turbine efficiency drop. Damage-induced erosion phenomena and aeroelastic performance of the blades needed to be investigated. Suitable coating may prevent erosion to a great extent. A numerical investigation of erosion on NACA 4412 wind turbine blade has been performed using commercial computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 release. Discrete phase model (DPM) has been used for modelling multi-phase flow of air and sand particles over the turbine blade. Governing equations have been solved by finite volume method (FVM). Conventional 30-70% glass fibre resin and non-conventional jute fibre composite have been used as turbine blade material. Sand particles of diameter have been injected from 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree angles at 500C temperature. Erosion rate, wall shear stress and strain rate have been calculated for different wind velocities and impingement angles. Simulation results for higher velocities deviate from the results observed at lower wind velocities. In simulation, erosion rate is highest for impingement angle at low wind velocities, which has been validated by experiment with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.56%. Erosion rate and wall shear stress are higher on jute composite fibre than glass fibre resin. Developed shear stress on wind turbine blade surface is highest for impingement angle at all velocities. On the other hand, exerted pressure on turbine blade surface is found highest for 9 angle of attack. Experimental results, with or without Titanium nitride(TiN) nano-coating, also revealed that surface roughness augments with increasing impingement angles. Nano-coating (TiN) by RF sputtering technique reduced the surface roughness significantly as oppose to uncoated samples. Highest roughness has been observed on uncoated blade surface collided with 0.3-0.69 mm diameter brown aluminium oxide particles.

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50

Li, Yu, Liang Li, Tong Zhao, and Jun Li. "Aerodynamic optimisation of a low-pressure multistage turbine using the response-surface method." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 27, no. 8 (August 2013): 2537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0638-1.

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