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Статті в журналах з теми "Low frequency electromagnetic waves"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Guenneau, S., C. Geuzaine, A. Nicolet, A. B. Movchan, and F. Zolla. "Low frequency electromagnetic waves in periodic structures." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 19, no. 1-4 (April 24, 2004): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2004-612.

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2

Tarkhanyan, Roland H., and Dimitris G. Niarchos. "Negative refraction of low-frequency electromagnetic waves." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 2, no. 5 (October 2008): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.200802143.

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3

Morales, J., M. Garcia, C. Perez, J. V. Valverde, C. Lopez-Sanchez, V. Garcia-Martinez, and J. L. Quesada. "Low frequency electromagnetic radiation and hearing." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 11 (July 2, 2009): 1204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109005684.

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AbstractObjective:To analyse the possible impact of low and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the outer hairs cells of the organ of Corti, in a guinea pig model.Materials and methods:Electromagnetic fields of 50, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 Hz frequencies and 1.5 µT intensity were generated using a transverse electromagnetic wave guide. Guinea pigs of both sexes, weighing 100–150 g, were used, with no abnormalities on general and otic examination. Total exposure times were: 360 hours for 50, 500 and 1000 Hz; 3300 hours for 2000 Hz; 4820 hours for 4000 Hz; and 6420 hours for 5000 Hz. One control animal was used in each frequency group. The parameters measured by electric response audiometer included: hearing level; waves I–IV latencies; wave I–III interpeak latency; and percentage appearance of waves I–III at 90 and 50 dB sound pressure level intensity.Results:Values for the above parameters did not differ significantly, comparing the control animal and the rest of each group. In addition, no significant differences were found between our findings and those of previous studies of normal guinea pigs.Conclusion:Prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields of 50 Hz to 5 KHz frequencies and 1.5 µT intensity, produced no functional or morphological alteration in the outer hair cells of the guinea pig organ of Corti.

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4

Liang, Bowen, Yong Cui, Xiao Song, Liangya Li, and Chen Wang. "Multi-block electret-based mechanical antenna model for low frequency communication." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 10, no. 05 (October 2019): 1950036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962319500363.

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In an LF/VLF transmission system, the performance of the antenna is of great importance to the entire system. Currently, the electret-based mechanical LF/VLF antenna uses mechanical movement to accelerate electret charges to produce LF/VLF electromagnetic waves, and the frequency of these electromagnetic waves is limited by the rotation speed of the actuating motor. Based on research that addressed the relationship between antenna structure and electromagnetic wave frequency, this paper — in order to increase the frequency of electromagnetic waves — alters the charge distribution mode of the mechanical antenna while keeping the motor’s rotational speed constant to realize an increase of transmission signal frequency. The effectiveness of this method was verified by model simulation.

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5

Rizzato, F. B., and A. C. L. Chian. "Nonlinear generation of the fundamental radiation in plasmas: the influence of induced ion-acoustic and Langmuir waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 48, no. 1 (August 1992): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800016378.

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A nonlinear emission mechanism of electromagnetic waves at the fundamental plasma frequency has been examined by Chian & Alves. This mechanism is based on the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability driven by two oppositely propagating Langmuir waves. The excitation of the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability is due to nonlinear wave–wave coupling involving Langmuir waves, low-frequency density waves and electromagnetic waves. In this paper the Chian & Alves model is improved using the generalized Zakharov equations. Attention is directed toward the influence of induced low-frequency and Langmuir waves on the properties of the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability. Presumably, the properties derived in the present context may be relevant to both space and laboratory plasmas.

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6

Yao, S. T., Q. Q. Shi, Q. G. Zong, A. W. Degeling, R. L. Guo, L. Li, J. X. Li, et al. "Low-frequency Whistler Waves Modulate Electrons and Generate Higher-frequency Whistler Waves in the Solar Wind." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2e97.

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Abstract The role of whistler-mode waves in the solar wind and the relationship between their electromagnetic fields and charged particles is a fundamental question in space physics. Using high-temporal-resolution electromagnetic field and plasma data from the Magnetospheric MultiScale spacecraft, we report observations of low-frequency whistler waves and associated electromagnetic fields and particle behavior in the Earth’s foreshock. The frequency of these whistler waves is close to half the lower-hybrid frequency (∼2 Hz), with their wavelength close to the ion gyroradius. The electron bulk flows are strongly modulated by these waves, with a modulation amplitude comparable to the solar wind velocity. At such a spatial scale, the electron flows are forcibly separated from the ion flows by the waves, resulting in strong electric currents and anisotropic ion distributions. Furthermore, we find that the low-frequency whistler wave propagates obliquely to the background magnetic field ( B 0), and results in spatially periodic magnetic gradients in the direction parallel to B 0. Under such conditions, large pitch-angle electrons are trapped in wave magnetic valleys by the magnetic mirror force, and may provide free perpendicular electron energy to excite higher-frequency whistler waves. This study offers important clues and new insights into wave–particle interactions, wave generation, and microscale energy conversion processes in the solar wind.

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7

Friar, J. L., та H. R. Reiss. "Modification of nuclearβdecay by intense low-frequency electromagnetic waves". Physical Review C 36, № 1 (1 липня 1987): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.36.283.

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8

Lakhina, G. S., and N. L. Tsintsadze. "Large-amplitude low-frequency electromagnetic waves in pulsar magnetospheres." Astrophysics and Space Science 174, no. 1 (1990): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00645660.

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9

Chaston, C. C., J. W. Bonnell, C. A. Kletzing, G. B. Hospodarsky, J. R. Wygant, and C. W. Smith. "Broadband low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 120, no. 10 (October 2015): 8603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015ja021690.

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10

Shukla, P. K., and H. U. Rahman. "Low-frequency electromagnetic waves in nonuniform gravitating dusty magnetoplasmas." Planetary and Space Science 44, no. 5 (May 1996): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(95)00132-8.

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11

Venugopal, Chandu, M. J. Kurian, E. Savithri Devi, P. J. Jessy, C. P. Anilkumar, and G. Renuka. "Low frequency electromagnetic waves in a multi-ion plasma." Indian Journal of Physics 84, no. 3 (March 2010): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-010-0015-1.

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12

Løseth, Lars O., Hans M. Pedersen, Bjørn Ursin, Lasse Amundsen, and Svein Ellingsrud. "Low-frequency electromagnetic fields in applied geophysics: Waves or diffusion?" GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 4 (July 2006): W29—W40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2208275.

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Анотація:

Low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signal propagation in geophysical applications is sometimes referred to as diffusion and sometimes as waves. In the following we discuss the mathematical and physical approaches behind the use of the different terms. The basic theory of EM wave propagation is reviewed. From a frequency-domain description we show that all of the well-known mathematical tools of wave theory, including an asymptotic ray-series description, can be applied for both nondispersive waves in nonconductive materials and low-frequency waves in conductive materials. We consider the EM field from an electric dipole source and show that a common frequency-domain description yields both the undistorted pulses in nonconductive materials and the strongly distorted pulses in conductive materials. We also show that the diffusion-equation approximation of low-frequency EM fields in conductive materials gives the correct mathematical description, and this equation has wave solutions. Having considered both a wave-picture approach and a diffusion approach to the problem, we discuss the possible confusion that the use of these terms might lead to.

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13

Sharma, S. K., and A. Sudarshan. "Scattering of electromagnetic waves by hybrid waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 46, no. 1 (August 1991): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780001597x.

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In this paper, we use the hydrodynamic approach to study the stimulated scattering of high-frequency electromagnetic waves by a low-frequency electrostatic perturbation that is either an upper- or lower-hybrid wave in a two-electron-temperature plasma. Considering the four-wave interaction between a strong high-frequency pump and the low-frequency electrostatic perturbation (LHW or UHW), we obtain the dispersion relation for the scattered wave, which is then solved to obtain an explicit expression for the growth rate of the coupled modes. For a typical Q-machine plasma, results show that in both cases the growth rate increases with noh/noc. This is in contrast with the results of Guha & Asthana (1989), who predicted that, for scattering by a UHW perturbation, the growth rate should decrease with increasing noh/noc.

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14

Morozov, A. N., I. V. Fomin, V. O. Gladyshev, V. L. Kauts, E. A. Sharandin, and A. V. Kayutenko. "Method for Generating Gravitational Waves by Meansof a Standing Electromagnetic Wave System." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 6 (105) (December 2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-6-90-105.

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In this paper, we consider the method of generating gravitational waves by means of a system of standing electromagnetic waves at the difference frequency in electromagnetic resonators and their further registration based on various types of detectors. As a factor of amplification of the amplitude of gravitational waves induced by the proposed method, the inverse dependence of their amplitude on the square of the difference frequency is considered, which is a consequence of Einstein’s equations for the studied configuration of electromagnetic fields in the resonator. The characteristics of gravitational waves associated with the electromagnetic field inside the resonator and gravitational waves in empty space are compared. The possibility of conducting an experiment on the generation and detection of gravitational waves with controlled parameters of the source and detector (Hertz experiment) on the basis of the proposed method has been investigated. Various types of existing and promising detectors of low-frequency gravitational waves are considered and an estimate of the source characteristics necessary for the successful detection of gravitational waves generated by this method is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared with other methods of generating gravitational waves. The specificity of the considered method of generating gravitational waves is noted, associated with the possibility of obtaining in laboratory conditions low-frequency gravitational waves with a frequency close to the frequency of gravitational waves of astrophysical sources and the amplitude significantly exceeding the amplitude of high-frequency gravitational waves, which can be generated on the basis of previously proposed methods

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15

Sharma, O. P., and V. L. Patel. "Low-frequency electromagnetic waves driven by gyrotropic gyrating ion beams." Journal of Geophysical Research 91, A2 (1986): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja091ia02p01529.

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16

Shukla, P. K., and B. Eliasson. "Low-frequency compressional electromagnetic waves in a nonuniform dusty magnetoplasma." Physics Letters A 337, no. 4-6 (April 2005): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.01.083.

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17

Song, Xijin, Baolong Guo, Ruirong Dang, and Xuelong Wang. "Propagation effects of low frequency electromagnetic waves in production well." Petroleum Science 9, no. 2 (June 2012): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-012-0198-5.

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18

Thorne, Richard M., and Bruce T. Tsurutani. "Resonant interactions between cometary ions and low frequency electromagnetic waves." Planetary and Space Science 35, no. 12 (December 1987): 1501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(87)90076-6.

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19

Rozina Ch. and Maryam N. "Low frequency Compressional modes in degenerate semiconductor plasmas." Semiconductors 56, no. 6 (2022): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/sc.2022.06.53532.9621a.

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Properties of low frequency compressional electromagnetic wave pulse in a magnetized semiconductor hole-electron plasma, are investigated. The quantum mechanical effects such as Fermi pressure, quantum tunneling and exchange-correlation potential of inertialess electrons, inertial holes and stationary charged ion particulates are considered in the presence of the magnetic field. A new type of dispersion relation is derived for low-frequency compressional waves by employing quantum magneto-hydrodynamic model and Maxwell equations; the dispersion relation is then analyzed for parallel, perpendicular and oblique propagation of compressional electromagnetic wave pulse to the external magnetic field direction. We have analyzed the obtained dispersion relations numerically, for different semiconductor plasma such as GaAs, GaSb and, GaN, the graphs shows that the frequency of compressional electromagnetic wave pulse decreases with increase of electron-hole density concentration, whereas the frequency increases with the increase of angle of propagation compressional electromagnetic wave pulse. Our results are applicable to understanding the dynamics of semiconductor plasma to produce high power, high band-width devices in contrast to the existing gas plasma devices. Keywords: degenerate semiconductor plasma, quantum mechanical effects, compression electromagnetic wave, gas plasma device.

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20

Fioranelli, Massimo, Maria Grazia Roccia, Aroonkumar Beesham, Dana Flavin, M. Ghaeni, and Faissal AZIZ. "A model for considering effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on quail embryonic cells." AIMS Biophysics 9, no. 3 (2022): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022017.

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<abstract> <p>Previous experiments have shown that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields could cause serious effects on the evolution of cells. We propose a mathematical model which confirms those results. In our model, electromagnetic waves could cause the motions of ions and charges and the emergence of some currents around and in the interior of cells. These currents produce some waves which interact with the DNAs and remove or attach some repressors. Consequently, some genes could be turned on or off, and cells could obtain some properties or lose them. The frequency of the external waves should be close to the frequency of the exchanged waves between the repressors and DNAs or even bigger than them. We test this idea and did some experiments on quail embryonic cells. We connected a sample of these cells to a battery and considered their evolution. We observed that after connecting the battery and the production of electrical current, some rings around the quail embryonic cells emerged. Maybe, these rings are the response of the cells to changes in electromagnetic waves and electrical currents.</p> </abstract>

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21

Nekrasov, A. K., and F. Z. Feygin. "Dust grain dynamics due to nonuniform and nonstationary high-frequency radiations in cold magnetoplasmas." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 2 (March 23, 2006): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-467-2006.

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Abstract. A general nonlinear theory for low-frequency electromagnetic field generation due to high-frequency nonuniform and nonstationary electromagnetic radiations in cold, uniform, multicomponent, dusty magnetoplasmas is developed. This theory permits us to consider the nonlinear action of all waves that can exist in such plasmas. The equations are derived for the dust grain velocities in the low-frequency nonlinear electric fields arising due to the presence of electromagnetic cyclotron waves travelling along the background magnetic field. The dust grains are considered to be magnetized as well as unmagnetized. Different regimes for the dust particle dynamics, depending on the spatio-temporal change of the wave amplitudes and plasma parameters, are discussed. It is shown that induced nonlinear electric fields can have both an electrostatic and electromagnetic nature. Conditions for maximum dust acceleration are found. The results obtained may be useful for understanding the possible mechanisms of dust grain dynamics in astrophysical, cosmic and laboratory plasmas under the action of nonuniform and nonstationary electromagnetic waves.

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22

Anton, Emil, Anatol Rotaru, Daniel Covatariu, Alin Ciobica, Daniel Timofte, and Carmen Anton. "An Original Theory Regarding the Correlations between the Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves of Athermic Intensities and their Cellular Effects." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 56 (July 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.56.10.

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Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave’s interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.

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23

Anton, Emil, Anatol Rotaru, Daniel Covatariu, Alin Ciobica, Daniel Timofte, and Carmen Anton. "An Original Theory Regarding the Correlations between the Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves of Athermic Intensities and their Cellular Effects." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 56 (July 21, 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-l9444r.

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Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave’s interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.

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24

Zarrillo, G., and K. Aguiar. "Closed-form low frequency solutions for electromagnetic waves through a frequency selective surface." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 35, no. 12 (December 1987): 1406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1987.1144035.

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25

Zantis, Franz P., Ján Hribik, and Daniela Ďuračková. "Extremely Low Frequency Signal Acquisition, Recording and Analysis." Journal of Electrical Engineering 67, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2016-0026.

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Abstract Our environment is permeated by electrical and magnetic alternating waves in the frequency range above the AC voltage of 50 Hz and also in the radio frequency range. Much attention from the public is given to these waves. Through numerous studies and publications about this type of oscillations and waves it is largely known from which sources they occur and which impact they have. However, very little information could be found about electrical and magnetic alternating waves in the frequency range below 50 Hz. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that these signals exist and also to show how the signals look like and where and when they occur. This article gives an overview of the occurrence of these ELF (Extremely Low Frequencies) signals, their specific properties in view of the time domain and in view of the frequency domain and of the possible sources of these waves. Precise knowledge of the structures of the ELF signals allows conclusions about their potential to cause electromagnetic interference in electronic systems. Also other effects in our environment, eg on flora and fauna could be explained.

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26

Anton, Emil, Anatol Rotaru, Daniel Covatariu, Alin Ciobica, Daniel Timofte, Radu Popescu, and Carmen Anton. "Links between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological manifestations." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 3 (2015): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140228049a.

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Анотація:

In this mini-review, we describe some of the latest facts regarding the generation of condensed base phonons by biological entities, initially described by the renowned contemporary physicist, Nobel laureate, Herbert Fr?hlich, who proposed a new biophysical interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and the biological environment. As we will show, this extremely low intensity millimeter therapy crystallizes as an important new method, universal and effective in the management of diseases with different etiologies. Moreover, the existence of internal electromagnetic fields generated by biological entities, as well as external electromagnetic fields, are essential for understanding the electromagnetic-biological effect. In fact, it is estimated that at present millimeter-wave therapy is used for the management of more than 120 diseases in cardiology, neurology, oncology, gynecology, urology, gastroenterology, surgery, pharmacology and pediatrics. However, so far there is still no consensus regarding the interaction between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment at its different levels of organization. Thus, the present paper was intended to contribute to the development for the theory of millimeter-wave interaction with living biological entities.

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27

Ziebell, L. F., M. C. de Juli, R. S. Schneider, and V. Jatenco-Pereira. "Mode coupling of low frequency electromagnetic waves in magnetized dusty plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 12, no. 8 (August 2005): 082102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1987270.

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28

Guglielmi, A. V. "Ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the Earth's crust and magnetosphere." Physics-Uspekhi 50, no. 12 (December 31, 2007): 1197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2007v050n12abeh006413.

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29

Guglielmi, A. V. "Ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the Earth's crust and magnetosphere." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 177, no. 12 (2007): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0177.200712a.1257.

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30

Zimbovskaya, Natalya A., and Godfrey Gumbs. "On the low frequency electromagnetic waves in quasi-two-dimensional metals." Solid State Communications 146, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.01.007.

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31

MAMUN, A. A., P. K. SHUKLA, and G. E. MORFILL. "Low-frequency electromagnetic waves in a partially ionized multi-component magnetoplasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 71, no. 4 (July 22, 2005): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377804003125.

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32

EROFEENKO, Viktor, Aleksandr KUTS, and Gennady SHUSHKEVICH. "Propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves across a multilayer cylindrical shell." Scientific Letters of Rzeszow University of Technology - Mechanics 31, no. 86(4/14) (2014): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rm.2014.51.

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33

Kotsarenko, N. Ya, G. A. Stewart, and V. Vysloukh. "Nonlinear low frequency electromagnetic waves in a relativistic electron-positron plasma." Astrophysics and Space Science 243, no. 2 (1996): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00644712.

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34

Centrella, Joan, Samaya Nissanke, and Roy Williams. "Gravitational Waves and Time-Domain Astronomy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S285 (September 2011): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312000592.

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AbstractThe gravitational-wave window onto the universe will open in roughly five years, when Advanced LIGO and Virgo achieve the first detections of high-frequency gravitational waves, most likely coming from compact binary mergers. Electromagnetic follow-up of these triggers, using radio, optical, and high energy telescopes, promises exciting opportunities in multi-messenger time-domain astronomy. In the decade, space-based observations of low-frequency gravitational waves from massive black hole mergers, and their electromagnetic counterparts, will open up further vistas for discovery. This two-part workshop featured brief presentations and stimulating discussions on the challenges and opportunities presented by gravitational-wave astronomy. Highlights from the workshop, with the emphasis on strategies for electromagnetic follow-up, are presented in this report.

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35

Özen, Mustafa Sabri. "Investigation of the Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carded and Needle Bonded Nonwoven Fabrics Produced at Different Ratios with Conductive Steel Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 1 (March 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000115.

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The number of electrical and electronic devices in our daily life has increased. The devices produce electromagnetic waves which harm human and environments. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the reduction and control of electromagnetic waves. The paper focuses on shielding of electromagnetic waves of nonwoven fabrics produced with needle punching technology from conductive stainless steel fibers. The needle punched nonwoven fabrics were produced with carding and needle punching technology by blending stainless steel fibers and normal staple polyester fibers at different ratios for electromagnetic shielding applications. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the nonwoven fabrics with conductive stainless steel fibers was tested. After blending of stainless steel fibers and normal polyester fibers, the webs were formed by a wool-type carding machine and the after web folding operation, the webs were bonded by needle punching at constant working parameters. During production, the needle punch densities per cm2 and needle penetration depth per mm were kept constant. Bulky needle punched nonwoven fabrics with low needling density were produced. The main objective of our research was to develop the nonwoven fabric for shielding against electromagnetic waves. In addition, the effect of the stainless steel fiber ratio used in the needle punched nonwoven fabrics on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was investigated. After production, the thicknesses of the needle punched nonwoven fabrics were tested. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, reflection and absorption values of the needle punched nonwoven fabric samples were measured at the frequency range of 15-3000MHz and presented in table and graphics. As the ratio of stainless steel fibers used in the nonwoven fabric increased, Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values (EMSE) were increased in a linear manner and obtained results were discussed. It was found that the electromagnetic waves were shielded about 90% at high frequencies, 85% at medium frequencies, and 80% at low frequencies by needle punched nonwoven fabric with 5% conductive stainless steel fiber. The EMSE values such as 20dB, 25dB and 45dB were obtained at low frequency ranges (0–300MHz and 25dB, medium frequency ranges, 300-1200MHz and 45dB, and high frequency ranges, 1200-3000MHz) with the needle punched nonwoven fabric containing 25% conductive stainless steel fiber.

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36

Ivchenko, N., and G. Marklund. "Observation of low frequency electromagnetic activity at 1000 km altitude." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2001): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-643-2001.

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Abstract. We present a statistical study of low frequency fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields, commonly interpreted as Alfvénic activity. The data base consists of six months of electric and magnetic field measurements by the Astrid-2 microsatellite. The occurrence of the events is studied with respect to the location and general activity. Large regions of broadband Alfvénic activity are persistently observed in the cusp/cleft and, during the periods of high geo-magnetic activity, also in the pre-midnight sector of the auroral oval.Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere) – Space plasma physics (waves and instabilities) – Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)

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37

Morozova, T. I., and S. I. Popel. "Modulational Interaction in a Dusty Plasma of Meteoroid Wakes." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 61, no. 6 (November 2021): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793221060116.

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Abstract This is a study of the possible modulational instability of electromagnetic waves in meteoroid wakes associated with the dust acoustic mode at altitudes of 80–120 km, which is a linear stage of modulational interaction. The parameters of meteoroid wakes at different altitudes in the Earth’s ionosphere are considered. It is shown that the charging of dust particles of meteoric matter creates conditions for the occurrence of dust acoustic waves. Dust acoustic disturbances are excited due to the modulational instability of electromagnetic waves from the meteoric trail. The influence of neutrals on the development of modulational interaction is taken into account. The concentration of neutrals in meteoric wakes is higher than the concentration of neutrals in the Earth’s ionosphere. It has been found that the condition for the excitation of a dust acoustic wave is satisfied for the typical parameters of dusty plasma of meteoroid wakes at altitudes of 100–120 km. Due to collisions between dust and neutrals, the development of modulation instability is suppressed at altitudes of 80–90 km, while inelastic collisions of neutrals with electrons and ions do not affect the development of modulational instability. The modulational instability of electromagnetic waves can explain the occurrence of low-frequency noise during the passage of meteoric bodies in a frequency range characteristic of dust acoustic waves. It is shown that the modulation instability has time to develop for characteristic temperatures and particle concentrations in meteoroid wakes. Equations for the charging of dust particles in meteoroid wakes are given. It has been found that the dust is positively charged, both in the daytime and at night, due to intense emission currents from the surface of dust particles.

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38

Cao, J. B., Z. X. Liu, J. Y. Yang, C. X. Yian, Z. G. Wang, X. H. Zhang, S. R. Wang, et al. "First results of low frequency electromagnetic wave detector of TC-2/Double Star program." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 8 (November 8, 2005): 2803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2803-2005.

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Abstract. LFEW is a low frequency electromagnetic wave detector mounted on TC-2, which can measure the magnetic fluctuation of low frequency electromagnetic waves. The frequency range is 8 Hz to 10 kHz. LFEW comprises a boom-mounted, three-axis search coil magnetometer, a preamplifier and an electronics box that houses a Digital Spectrum Analyzer. LFEW was calibrated at Chambon-la-Forêt in France. The ground calibration results show that the performance of LFEW is similar to that of STAFF on TC-1. The first results of LFEW show that it works normally on board, and that the AC magnetic interference of the satellite platform is very small. In the plasmasphere, LFEW observed the ion cyclotron waves. During the geomagnetic storm on 8 November 2004, LFEW observed a wave burst associated with the oxygen ion cyclotron waves. This observation shows that during geomagnetic storms, the oxygen ions are very active in the inner magnetosphere. Outside the plasmasphere, LFEW observed the chorus on 3 November 2004. LFEW also observed the plasmaspheric hiss and mid-latitude hiss both in the Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere on 8 November 2004. The hiss in the Southern Hemisphere may be the reflected waves of the hiss in the Northern Hemisphere.

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39

Kochish, Ivan I., Vladimir I. Smolensky, Olga V. Myasnikova, and Maxim V. Korenyuga. "The impact of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the viability of pathogens of viral and bacterial etiology found in poultry farms of the Russian Federation." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 12/1, no. 107 (2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202212107.

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The studies were carried out on the basis of the interdepartmental laboratory of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after Ya. R. Kovalenko». The article presents data on the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the DETA – AP 20 apparatus on pathogens of viral and bacterial etiology that are relevant to poultry farms in the Russian Federation. The experiment showed that low-frequency electromagnetic waves (VLF) have a weak bacteriostatic effect on all tested pathogens of salmonellosis, staphylococcosis and escherichiosis. When embryos were infected with NEMV-treated Newcastle disease virus reproduction was completely absent. On the model of influenza viruses and infectious bronchitis of chickens (IBV), the inactivating effect of low-frequency waves (VLF) has not been established.

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40

Khantadze, A. G., G. V. Jandieri, A. Ishimaru, T. D. Kaladze, and Zh M. Diasamidze. "Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review)." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010.

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Abstract. A complete theory of low-frequency MHD oscillations of the Earth's weakly ionized ionosphere is formulated. Peculiarities of excitation and propagation of electromagnetic acoustic-gravity, MHD and planetary waves are considered in the Earth's ionosphere. The general dispersion equation is derived for the magneto-acoustic, magneto-gravity and electromagnetic planetary waves in the ionospheric E- and F-regions. The action of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves is elucidated. The nature of the existence of the comparatively new large-scale electromagnetic planetary branches is emphasized.

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41

Straser, Valentino. "Atmospheric plasmas research linked to electromagnetic signals and earthquakes." Technology audit and production reserves 6, no. 1(68) (December 27, 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.270465.

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This paper presents the outcome of monitoring aimed at studying seismic precursor candidates with a multi-parameter system, carried out at a Science Camp in July 2022 in the northwestern Italian Apennines, in the province of Parma. Pre seismic signals, closely related to the preparatory stages of an earthquake, were detected with a crustal diagnosis, based on physical signals, generated by tectonic stress. The instrumental results show a potential temporal concatenation, which describe, at the level of hypothesis, the phases of the ongoing tectonic stress. The model followed Zou’s theories who which associate the formation of plasmas in the atmosphere with the piezoelectricity of rocks under stress. According to his model, rocks placed under tectonic stress and in the presence of moisture can produce both charged particles and radio electromagnetic waves, at high and low frequencies. A spherical plasmoid would originate from this combination as a wave-particle interaction effect. According to Teodorani’s description High-Frequency radio waves-particularly microwaves-would heat and ionize the surrounding air, while low-frequency waves, particularly Very Low Frequencies and Extremely Low Frequency, would help condense the plasma, which in turn would immediately go into swirling motions within it, until it formed the «self-contained» structure seen in the sky as a light phenomenon. Monitoring, therefore, involved the detection of low-frequency waves preceding plasmas in the atmosphere, directional electromagnetic signals from the Radio Direction Finding (RDF) network, and the occurrence of an earthquake within the 5/6 days’ time window along the same fracture line. A study model that, if confirmed, could be applied to other seismic zones for crustal monitoring.

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42

Besse, Nicolas, Norbert Mauser, and Eric Sonnendrücker. "Numerical Approximation of Self-Consistent Vlasov Models for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Phenomena." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2007): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0030-3.

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Numerical Approximation of Self-Consistent Vlasov Models for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic PhenomenaWe present a new numerical method to solve the Vlasov-Darwin and Vlasov-Poisswell systems which are approximations of the Vlasov-Maxwell equation in the asymptotic limit of the infinite speed of light. These systems model low-frequency electromagnetic phenomena in plasmas, and thus "light waves" are somewhat supressed, which in turn allows the numerical discretization to dispense with the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition on the time step. We construct a numerical scheme based on semi-Lagrangian methods and time splitting techniques. We develop a four-dimensional phase space algorithm for the distribution function while the electromagnetic field is solved on a two-dimensional Cartesian grid. Finally, we present two nontrivial test cases: (a) the wave Landau damping and (b) the electromagnetic beam-plasma instability. For these cases our numerical scheme works very well and is in agreement with analytic kinetic theory.

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43

Chen, Haotian, та Liu Chen. "Gyrokinetic theory of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in finite-β anisotropic plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 28, № 5 (травень 2021): 052103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044910.

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44

Ali, Md Mortuza, Kazuo Minami, and Akira Sugawara. "Analysis of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma Waveguide with Periodic Boundary." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 111, no. 10 (1991): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.111.10_868.

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45

Sauer, K., E. Dubinin, K. Baumgärtel, and V. Tarasov. "Low-frequency electromagnetic waves and instabilities within the Martian bi-ion plasma." Earth, Planets and Space 50, no. 3 (March 1998): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352113.

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46

Kotsarenko, N. Ya, S. V. Koshevaya, and A. N. Kotsarenko. "Low frequency electromagnetic and kinetic Alfvén waves in a magnetized dusty plasma." Physica Scripta 56, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/56/4/009.

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47

Shukla, P. K. "Low-frequency electromagnetic solitary and shock waves in an inhomogeneous dusty magnetoplasma." Physics of Plasmas 10, no. 12 (December 2003): 4907–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1626125.

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48

Masood, W. "Obliquely propagating low frequency electromagnetic shock waves in two dimensional quantum magnetoplasmas." Physics of Plasmas 16, no. 4 (April 2009): 042314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3119209.

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49

Svistunov, A. A., A. A. Tsymbal, P. F. Litvitskiy, and I. A. Budnik. "EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RATIONAL FOR TERAHERTZ THERAPY AT THE FREQUENCY OF MOLECULAR OXYGEN AND NITROGEN OXIDE ABSORPTION AND EMISSION IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGIES." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 5 (September 29, 2017): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn817.

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Most of the abiotic environmental factors are electromagnetic in nature. Electromagnetic radiation from various artificial sources exerts a significant inf luence on living systems. It poses a problem of targeted application of electromagnetic waves in health care, ever yday life, and industr y. Recently, a fundamentally new direction in medicine has emerged: the use of low-power terahertz electromagnetic waves at the frequency of oscillation of active cellular metabolites (nitrogen oxide, molecular oxygen, etc.) for disease treatment and prevention. It has been demonstrated that if there is a match in frequency bet ween the emitted electromagnetic wave and the natural oscillation of the molecule, absorption occurs and this alters the amplitude of the molecular oscillation and modifies involvement of the molecule in the metabolic process. This fact is of great interest for biomedical technologies because cellular metabolites may significantly affect regional circulation, microcirculation, and blood rheology; prevent intravascular coagulation; provide anti-inf lammator y and analgesic effects; limit excessive lipid peroxidation and potentiate the antioxidant mechanism; activate cellular anti-stress mechanisms. Today, terahertz electromagnetic radiation at the frequency of oscillation of nitric oxide, a universal cellular regulator y molecule, has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, burns, polyneuropathy, regional pain syndrome, etc. This review summarizes clinical and experimental data on implementation of terahertz electromagnetic waves in medicine and presents our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of terahertz electromagnetic waves at the frequency of oscillation of active cellular metabolites on a living system at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels of organization.

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Liang, J., B. Ni, C. M. Cully, E. F. Donovan, R. M. Thorne, and V. Angelopoulos. "Electromagnetic ELF wave intensification associated with fast earthward flows in mid-tail plasma sheet." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 3 (March 5, 2012): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-467-2012.

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Abstract. In this study we perform a statistical survey of the extremely-low-frequency wave activities associated with fast earthward flows in the mid-tail central plasma sheet (CPS) based upon THEMIS measurements. We reveal clear trends of increasing wave intensity with flow enhancement over a broad frequency range, from below fLH (lower-hybrid resonant frequency) to above fce (electron gyrofrequency). We mainly investigate two electromagnetic wave modes, the lower-hybrid waves at frequencies below fLH, and the whistler-mode waves in the frequency range fLH < f < fce. The waves at f < fLH dramatically intensify during fast flow intervals, and tend to contain strong electromagnetic components in the high-plasma-beta CPS region, consistent with the theoretical expectation of the lower-hybrid drift instability in the center region of the tail current sheet. ULF waves with very large perpendicular wavenumber might be Doppler-shifted by the flows and also partly contribute to the observed waves in the lower-hybrid frequency range. The fast flow activity substantially increases the occurrence rate and peak magnitude of the electromagnetic waves in the frequency range fLH < f < fce, though they still tend to be short-lived and sporadic in occurrence. We also find that the electron pitch-angle distribution in the mid-tail CPS undergoes a variation from negative anisotropy (perpendicular temperature smaller than parallel temperature) during weak flow intervals, to more or less positive anisotropy (perpendicular temperature larger than parallel temperature) during fast flow intervals. The flow-related electromagnetic whistler-mode wave tends to occur in conjunction with positive electron anisotropy.

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