Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Low carbon footprint"

The National Tourism Conference in 2010 strongly promoted the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction in the tourism industry. Since then, low carbon travel has been the new direction in tourism industry. Great concern has been put on energy conservation and emission reduction of tourism related elements, such as hotels, transportations, tourist attractions, and most importantly, the tourists themselves. The quantitative assessment of tourist carbon footprint is the key topic. This research uses Yesanpo scenic area as the example and conducts the comparison and calculation of tourist carbon footprint from different places, attempts to organize different ideas on ways to analyze tourist carbon footprints, constructs a calculation and assessment model, analyzes and measures the levels of tourist carbon footprints from diverse modes of travel, origins, and purchasing power. This research has developed a system for quantitative assessment of tourist carbon footprints, with the hope of strengthening the theories and methods on low-carbon travel.

Using an imported timber-based solid wood box bed (2000 mm × 1800 mm) as the functional unit, the ILCD 2011 midpoint assessment method was used to measure the life cycle carbon emissions of the product. Using this assessment, the Dijkstra algorithm was adopted to determine the shortest supply chain path and to obtain the minimum carbon footprint of the supply chain. Results showed that the total carbon footprint of the wood bed was 464 kg for the control case. For experimental cases, the carbon footprint ranged from 456 kg to 517 kg CO2-eq. The upstream process was identified as the primary contributor to the carbon footprint, accounting for 74.6% to 80.7% of the total carbon footprint, followed by the downstream and the core-stream processes. Configuration of a timber harvesting system with lower fuel consumption, purchasing timber from areas within shorter transportation distance, and reducing the proportion of incineration for waste treatment were feasible solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of the product. A case study optimizing the low-carbon path for the wooden furniture supply chain determined the shortest path for the participants in each link, such that the minimum total carbon footprint of the supply chain was 463 kg CO2-eq.

Based on the data of provincial input-output model and the carbon footprint model, the analysis is focused on provincial carbon footprint and the space transfer of carbon emissions. The results have shown that: (1) There are significant differences of provincial total carbon footprint amounts: resource-rich provinces have high total carbon footprint amounts, followed by processing and manufacturing provinces and municipalities; Regions with high energy efficiency have low carbon footprint amounts, so does southwestern region where economic and industrial development level is relatively low. (2) The provincial differences of carbon footprint per capita are related to demand structure: the amounts of carbon footprint are high in provinces with higher demand of consumption and investment, especially those provinces with strong demand for construction and processing industries. The amounts of carbon footprint are low in provinces which are non-resource-based, have limited investment and construction, and its economic structure is not dominated by processing and manufacturing. (3) Interprovincial trades have a significant impact on carbon footprint and carbon emissions. Provinces with well developed infrastructure have net CO2 emissions flow-in that are directly induced by high energy consumption products; southwestern region, where processing and manufacturing industry is relatively less-developed, has main CO2 emission flow-in, which are induced by the demand of processing and manufacturing industries; resource-intensive provinces and provinces with well-developed processing and manufacturing industries have net CO2 emission flow-out, which are induced by interprovincial trades.