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Valcárcel, Luis 1979. "Gravitational Lorentz violations in 5D black hole background : a numerical investigation." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The warped braneworld picture introduced by Randall and Sundrum provides new ways of solving long-standing problems in physics, like the gauge hierarchy problem. If the warp factor is different for the time and space components of the metric, new effects may arise. We concentrate on this possibility and show that the speed of gravity may differ from that of electromagnetism, while Lorentz invariance is preserved for the standard model fields. A charged black hole in a 5 dimensional bulk provides the necessary background. Its properties are studied in detail to ensure correct embedding of the brane. Computation of the speed of gravity in this setup is done both perturbatively and numerically. The results are compared with experimental bounds to constrain the parameters of our scenario.
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Pihan-Le, Bars Hélène. "Des horloges atomiques à la mission MICROSCOPE : recherche de violations d’invariance de Lorentz." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO010/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse présente deux tests d'invariance de Lorentz, réalisés dans le cadre de l'Extension du Modèle Standard (SME). Le premier a pour objectif une recherche de violation dans le secteur SME de la matière, grâce aux données d'une horloge à atomes froids de 133Cs. La recherche de variations de la fréquence de transition hyperfine de cet atome a permis de contraindre plusieurs coefficients SME liés aux protons et aux neutrons, avec une sensibilité améliorant jusqu'à 12 ordres de grandeur les limites actuelles sur ces derniers. Le second test a été réalisé grâce aux données de la mission spatiale MICROSCOPE, en vol depuis le 25 avril 2016, qui a pour but de tester le Principe d'Équivalence faible avec une précision de l’ordre de 10−15 sur le paramètre d'Eötvös. Nous avons utilisé les mesures MICROSCOPE pour contraindre des violations d'invariance de Lorentz dues à un couplage entre matière et gravitation, en recherchant des variations de l'accélération relative de deux masses d'épreuve selon l'orientation de l'axe sensible de l'instrument, un double accéléromètre électrostatique. Les premiers résultats, obtenus grâce à l'analyse de cinq sessions de mesures, ont déjà démontré une amélioration jusqu'à 4 ordres de grandeur des contraintes sur deux coefficients du secteur SME de la matière couplée à la gravitationThis thesis presents two Lorentz invariance tests, performed within the Standard Model Extension framework (SME). The first one is a search for a violation in the matter sector of the SME, using data from a cold atom clock. The search for variations in the hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs allowed us to constrain several SME coefficients related to protons and neutrons, with a sensitivity improving by up to 12 orders of magnitude the current best laboratory limits on these coefficients. The second test was carried out using the data from the MICROSCOPE space mission, in flight since April 2016, which is intended to test the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) with an accuracy of 10−15 on the Eötvös parameter. In this experiment, a coupling between matter and gravitation could lead to Lorentz violation signals and therefore to variations in relative acceleration of two test masses depending on the satellite orientation. The relative acceleration is measured by a differential electrostatic accelerometer. The first results, obtained through the analysis of five sessions, have already demonstrated an improvement of up to 4 orders of magnitude of the constraints on two coefficients of the SME sector of matter-gravity couplings
3
Bourgoin, Adrien. "Contraintes sur les violations à la symétrie de Lorentz par analyse des données de télémétrie laser Lune." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066481/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La relativité générale (RG) et le modèle standard des particules permettent de comprendre les quatre interactions fondamentales de la nature. La formulation d'une théorie quantique de la gravitation permettrait d'unifier ces deux tenants de la physique moderne. D'après les grandes théories d'unification, une telle union est possible moyennant la brisure de certaines symétries fondamentales apparaissant à la fois en RG et dans le modèle standard telle la symétrie de Lorentz. Les violations de la symétrie de Lorentz peuvent être paramétrées dans tous les domaines de la Physique par une théorie effective du champ appelée extension du modèle standard (SME). Une violation au principe d'invariance locale de Lorentz dans le secteur gravitationnel serait supposée engendrer des perturbations dans la dynamique orbitale des corps présents dans le système solaire, notamment la Lune. Ainsi, à partir des données extrêmement précises de télémétrie laser, l'orbite lunaire peut être minutieusement analysée afin de débusquer d'éventuelles anomalies dans son mouvement. Dans cette optique, ELPN (Ephéméride Lunaire Parisienne Numérique), une nouvelle éphéméride lunaire intégrée dans le cadre du formalisme SME a été développée durant la thèse. ELPN fournit les solutions au problème lunaire sous la forme de séries temporelles datées en temps dynamique barycentrique (TDB). Parmi les solutions numériquement intégrées, mentionnons la position et la vitesse du vecteur barycentrique Terre-Lune, les angles de librations lunaires, la différence entre le temps terrestre et le TDB, ainsi que l'ensemble des dérivées partielles intégrées depuis l'équation aux variations. Les prédictions de l'éphéméride ont été utilisées afin de réduire les observations lunar laser ranging (LLR). Dans le cadre de la RG, la dispersion des résidus s'est avérée en accord avec les dispersions calculées à partir des éphémérides INPOP13b et DE430. Dans le cadre du SME minimal, l'analyse des données LLR a permis de contraindre toutes violations à l'invariance locale de Lorentz. Une grande attention a été portée à l'analyse des incertitudes afin de fournir des contraintes réalistes. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, les combinaisons linéaires de coefficients SME ont été isolées puis ajustées aux observations. Puis, dans un second temps, les incertitudes réalistes ont été déterminées par une méthode de ré-échantillonnage. L'analyse des données de télémétrie laser Lune n'a pas permis de révéler de violations au principe d'invariance locale de Lorentz agissant au niveau de l'orbite lunaire. Les prédictions de la RG ont donc été validées avec des précisions absolues allant de 10-9 à 10-12General Relativity (GR) and the standard model of particle physics provide a comprehensive description of the four interactions of nature. A quantum gravity theory is expected to merge these two pillars of modern physics. From unification theories, such a combination would lead to a breaking of fundamental symmetry appearing in both GR and the standard model of particle physics as the Lorentz symmetry. Lorentz symmetry violations in all fields of physics can be parametrized by an effective field theory framework called the standard-model extension (SME). Local Lorentz Invariance violations in the gravitational sector should impact the orbital motion of bodies inside the solar system, such as the Moon. Thus, the accurate lunar laser ranging (LLR) data can be analyzed in order to study precisely the lunar motion to look for irregularities. For this purpose, ELPN (Ephéméride Lunaire Parisienne Numérique), a new lunar ephemeris has been integrated in the SME framework. This new numerical solution of the lunar motion provides time series dated in temps dynamique barycentrique (TDB). Among that series, we mention the barycentric position and velocity of the Earth-Moon vector, the lunar libration angles, the time scale difference between the terrestrial time and TDB and partial derivatives integrated from variational equations. ELPN predictions have been used to analyzed LLR observations. In the GR framework, the residuals standard deviations has turned out to be the same order of magnitude compare to those of INPOP13b and DE430 ephemerides. In the framework of the minimal SME, LLR data analysis provided constraints on local Lorentz invariance violations. Spetial attention was paid to analyze uncertainties to provide the most realistic constraints. Therefore, in a first place, linear combinations of SME coefficients have been derived and fitted to LLR observations. In a second time, realistic uncertainties have been determined with a resampling method. LLR data analysis did not reveal local Lorentz invariance violations arising on the lunar orbit. Therefore, GR predictions are recovered with absolute precisions of the order of 10-9 to 10-12
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Bailey, Quentin G. "Lorentz violation and gravity." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4556. Adviser: V. Alan Kostelecky. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 22, 2008).
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Mondragon, Antonio Richard. "Lorentz-violating dark matter." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1672.
Повний текст джерела
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Da, Silva Leite Julio Rafael. "Aspects of fermion dynamics from Lorentz symmetry violation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aspects-of-fermion-dynamics-from-lorentz-symmetry-violation(5e450b90-beee-4099-a932-3cb64e93ba5f).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis we are interested in understanding how Lorentz symmetry violation can affect some features of fermion dynamics and, perhaps, help to solve some well-known problems in particle physics, such as the origin of neutrino masses and oscillations. Firstly, we consider two Lorentz-Invariance-Violating (LIV) models and investigate the possibility of generating masses and oscillations dynamically for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos, using non-perturbative methods, such as the Schwinger- Dyson and the effective potential approaches. In our studies, Lorentz symmetric models are extended by the inclusion of higher-order LIV operators, which improve the convergence of loop integrals and introduce a natural mass scale to the theories. We then present how Lorentz invariance can be recovered, for both models, after quantisation, in such a way that the dynamical masses and mixing are the only quantum effects that remain finite. Additionally, we study how matter fields, especially fermions, behave when coupled to two modifed gravity models. Such modifed gravity models break the 4-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance and, consequently, induce local Lorentz violation. In particular, we consider Horava-Lifshitz gravity, which presents an improved ultraviolet behaviour when compared to General Relativity (GR), and thus addresses a fundamental problem in physics: the non-(perturbative-)renormalisability of the theory of GR. We calculate the LIV one-loop corrections to the matter sector dispersion relations, after integration over graviton components, and show that, by imposing reasonable constraints on the energy scales of our gravity models, our results are consistent with the current bounds on Lorentz symmetry violation.
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Colombo, Mattia. "Aspects of Lorentz violating theories of gravity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38419/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lorentz symmetry is arguably the most fundamental symmetry of physics, at least in its modern conception. On the other hand, some of the issues that plague the currently accepted theory of gravitation could be solved by breaking such symmetry. The theory proposed by Petr Horava in 2009 brings forward exactly this aspect. The theory, dubbed Horava gravity, is a UV complete theory of gravity that is also renormalisable. It represents therefore a good candidate for a quantum theory of gravity. There are some issues though, which typically arise in any theory which explicitely violates Lorentz symmetry. In this thesis we will be concerned with two of these issues, in particular the matter problem and the existence of black holes. The first issue mentioned arises every time we try to couple matter to a Lorentz violating theory of gravity. Indeed, in the matter sector Lorentz symmetry is extremely well constrained, and therefore we need to find a way to avoid the percolation of Lorentz violations to the matter sector through higher order operators. One possible solution based on the separation of scales was proposed in the last few years (Pospelov et al.,2010). While studying the proposed mechanism though, the authors uncovered a naturalness problem in the vector sector of the theory. The solutions they proposed relies on the use of some higher derivative terms that are not normally present in the ``traditional'' Horava theory. It is unclear then what impact this type of terms can have on the whole theory. In our work we precisely addressed this question. We analysed the perturbations around Minkowski of the most generic theory extended to these type of terms, both from the point of view of the stability of the theory and of the renormalisability. What we found is that the theory retains its renormalisability, but some instabilities occur in the scalar sector. More work is hence required in order to understand whether such instabilities could be tamed, or if the mixed derivatives should be abandoned in favour of some alternative solution, not presently available. The second theme we concentrated on is that of the existence of black holes. The definition of black hole in general relativity rely strongly on the causal structure dictated by Lorentz symmetry. As soon as Lorentz symmetry is broken it is therefore unclear whether black holes will still exist. Surprisingly enough black holes have been shown to exist in Lorentz breaking theories, but a rigorous definition was still to be found. In our work we developed the mathematically rigorous definitions for the causal structure of foliated spacetimes and we defined for the first time black holes in such spacetimes. We also uncovered a number of interesting properties of this objects and we developed a local characterisation that allows one to locate horizons without the knowledge of the whole structure of the complete spacetime. Finally we developed the Initial Value Problem for these types of theory in the hope that new simulations of gravitational collapse will be performed using our analysis as a starting point. The thesis is organised as follows. In the first Chapter we give an introduction on gravity and the problems with its renormalization. We also introduce some of the theories that have been proposed to solve this difficulties. In the second Chapter we start discussing Lorentz violations and we provide a proof of the power-counting renormalizability of a toy model of a Lorentz violationg scalar field theory. We also introduce the theories that we will be studying throughout the thesis. In the third Chapter we discuss the mixed derivative extension to Horava gravity and we discuss the consequences of the new terms that occur in the theory. In the fourth and fifth Chapters we introduce the causal structure of spacetimes which violate Lorentz symmetry by means of a preferred foliation, we discuss the notion of black holes and horizons and we formalise some results present in the literature adapting them to our framework. In the sixth Chapter we then discuss the Initial Value Problem for such spacetimes, with some attention to the process of gravitational collapse leading to the formation of black holes. Finally in the last Chapter we draw some conclusions and discuss some ideas for future work.
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Hardy, Lucien. "Nonlocality, violation of Lorentz invariance, and wave-particle duality in quantum theory." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6079/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis addresses some of the consequences of giving quantum mechanics a realist interpretation. We consider three main topics: wave-particle duality, locality, and Lorentz invariance. First we show that classical particles alone or classical waves alone cannot explain all single particle quantum phenomena. Then we consider the possibility that a quantum particle is composed of a particle and a wave, both being taken to exist objectively. We are able to demonstrate the reality of empty waves (that is, waves without a particle) if we make three realist motivated assumptions. The main part of this thesis concerns locality. In 1964 Bell demonstrated that a local realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is not possible by deriving a set of inequalities that apply to two particle systems. More recently Greenberger, Home, and Zeilinger have demonstrated this for systems with more than two particles without the need for inequalities. We present a new way to derive Bell inequalities for two particles and show how this can be extended to systems with more than two particles. A number of proposals for experiments to test local realism are put forward. In particular, we show how it is possible to demonstrate the nonlocality of a single photon. A new demonstration of Bell's theorem is presented for two particles but without inequalities. A realizable quantum optical version is proposed and inequalities are proposed which would be required in a non-ideal experiment. Finally, the question of Lorentz invariance is considered. We define a condition for the existence of elements of reality and a condition for the Lorentz invariance of these elements of reality. Then we show that, by considering a particular gedanken experiment, we obtain a contradiction demonstrating that Lorentz-invariant realistic interpretations of quantum theory are not possible.
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Brister, James Sebastian. "Low-energy Lorentz symmetry violation from quantum corrections in Lifshitz-scaling models." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lowenergy-lorentz-symmetry-violation-from-quantum-corrections-in-lifshitzscaling-models(4f0d41a7-fd7d-4eb4-9aed-7ca45f8f0a9d).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis we investigate the effects of low-order quantum corrections on Lifshitz-type quantum field theories. In particular, we consider the Lorentz-symmetry violating corrections to the dispersion relations of the various particles of these theories at low energies, which may be of a significant size even where the classical effect is small. We first study a Lifshitz scaling model of two fermion flavours in flat at space, interacting by a flavour mixing four-point term. We demonstrate the dynamical generation of masses and flavour oscillations and consider these as a possible model of neutrino mixing. We use existing experimental constraints on neutrino masses and mixing angles to place restrictions on the couplings of our model. We then investigate quantum corrections to the couplings and dispersions, and finnd that the latter would be too large to be considered physical. Next, we investigate a Lifshitz scaling model of Quantum Electrodynamics, containing only fermions and gauge fields. We investigate the extent to which such models may be phenomenologically viable, again primarily through calculating low-order dressed dispersion relations. In doing this, we encounter issues not seen in the simpler model such as those of gauge fixing and dimensional regularisation in anisotropic theories. We again finnd that the dressed dispersion relations appear notably non-relativistic even at low energies, despite the classical model being well within experimental bounds. Finally, we investigate the dressing of scalar and vector boson dispersion relations by the quantum effects of the so-called 'covariant' extension of Horava-Lifshitz gravity, which despite having an unusual extra symmetry seems better behaved than the 'original' form of Horava gravity. We find that even integrating out the effects of quantum gravity fluctuations alone gives significant corrections to the matter sector's dispersion relations, which allows us to place some new constraints on the energy scales of the theory.
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Lang, Rodrigo Guedes. "Effects of Lorentz invariance violation on the ultra-high energy cosmic rays spectrum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-13042017-143220/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relativity is one of the most important and well tested theories and Lorentz invariance is one of its pillars. Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), however, has been discussed in several quantum gravity and high energy models. For this reason, it is crucial to test it. Several tests, both terrestrial and astrophysical, have been performed in the last years and provide limits on the violation. This work takes part in these efforts and discuss the possibility of testing LIV with ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The effects of LIV in their propagation and the resulting changes in the spectrum of UHECRs are obtained and compared to the experimental data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. An analytical calculation for the inelasticity in the laboratory frame with LIV of any a + b → c + d interaction is presented and used to obtain the phase space and the energy losses of the pion production for protons, the photodisintegration for nuclei and the pair production for photons with LIV. A parametrization for the threshold energy of the photodisintegration with LIV is also proposed. The main effect seen is a decrease in the phase space and a resulting decrease in the energy loss. These changes have been implemented in Monte Carlo propagation codes and the resulting spectra of protons, nuclei and photons on Earth have been obtained and fitted to the data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. It is shown that upper limits on the photon LIV coefficient can be derived from the upper limits on the photon flux from the Pierre Auger Observatory.Relatividade é uma das mais importantes e bem testadas teorias e a invariância de Lorentz é um de seus pilares. A violação da invariância de Lorentz (VIL), todavia, tem sido discutida em diversos modelos de gravidade quântica e altas energias. Por tal motivo, é crucial testá-la. Diversos testes, tanto terrestres quanto astrofísicos, foram realizados nos últimos anos e fornecem limites na violação. Este trabalho se insere nesses esforços e discute a possibilidade de testar VIL com raios cósmicos de altíssima energia. Os efeitos da VIL em sua propagação e as consequentes mudanças no espectro de raios cósmicos de altíssima energia são obtidos e comparados com os dados experimentais do Observatório Pierre Auger. Um cálculo analítico para a inelasticidade no referencial do laboratório com VIL para qualquer interação da forma a + b → c + d é apresentado e usado para obter o espaço de fase e as perdas de energia para a produção de píons para prótons, a fotodesintegração para núcleos e a produção de pares para fótons com VIL. Uma parametrização para o limiar de energia da fotodesintegração com VIL também é proposta. O principal efeito observado é uma diminuição no espaço de fase e uma consequente diminuição nas perdas de energia. Tais mudanças foram implementadas em códigos de Monte Carlo para a propagação e os espectros resultantes para prótons, núcleos e fótons na Terra foram obtidos e ajustados aos dados do Observatório Pierre Auger. É mostrado que limites superiores nos coeficientes de VIL para o fóton podem ser deduzidos dos limites superiores para o fluxo de fótons do Observatório Pierre Auger.
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Chrétien, Mathieu. "Détection du pulsar de Vela et recherche de violation d'invariance de Lorentz avec le cinquième télescope de H.E.S.S." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066362/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le cinquième télescope (CT5) du réseau H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) a été inauguré en 2012. H.E.S.S. est destiné à l’observation du ciel austral dans le domaine des rayons γ et CT5, dont le seuil est d’environ 30 GeV, a permis la détection du pulsar de Vela après 24 heures d’observations. Certains scénarios de gravitation quantique (QG) prédisent une violation d’invariance de Lorentz (LIV). Celle-ci se manifeste par l’ajout de termes ∝(E/EQG)n aux relations de dispersion du photon, où E est l’énergie du quanta de lumière, EQG l’énergie caractéristique des processus de QG et n l’ordre de la correction. Cette dépendance en énergie peut être testée par des mesures de temps de vol entre photons reçus de sources astrophysiques variables (noyaux actifs de galaxies), transitoires (sursauts γ) ou encore périodiques (pulsars). Cette thèse présente l’analyse des données recueillies par CT5 sur le pulsar de Vela. Une méthode de maximum de vraisemblance ayant déjà montré sa robustesse sur d’autres types de sources a été adaptée au cas du pulsar de Vela. Aucune déviation des relations de dispersion standard n’est observée, par conséquent des limites sont placées sur EQG. La plus contraignante est obtenue pour une correction linéaire superluminique aux relations de dispersion EQG > 7.0×1015 GeVThe fifth telescope (CT5) of the H.E.S.S. array (High Energy Stereoscopic System) was inaugurated in 2012. H.E.S.S. is designed to scrutinize the southern γ ray sky and CT5, whose threshold is about 30 GeV, allowed the Vela pulsar detection in 24 hours observation time. Some quantum gravity (QG) scenarios predict a violation of Lorentz invariance (LIV). This could manifest by additional terms ∝(E/EQG)n to the photon dispersion relations, where E is the light quantum energy, EQG the typical scale at which QG processes are expected to occur and n the order of the correction. This energy dependence could be tested by time of flight measurements between photons emitted from variable (active galactic nuclei), transient (gamma ray bursts) or periodical (pulsars) astrophysical sources. This thesis presents the analysis of the CT5 collected data from the Vela pulsar. A maximum likelihood method already successfully applied to other source species has been adapted here to the Vela pulsar. No deviation from standard photon dispersion relations is observed, therefore limits have been placed on EQG. The most restrictive result has been obtained for a superluminal linear correction to the dispersion relations EQG > 7.0×1015 GeV
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Lalancette, Marc. "Gravitational waves from a string cusp in Einstein-aether theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The motivation of this thesis is to look for a signature of Lorentz violation, hopefully observable, in the gravitational waves emitted by cosmic strings. Aspects of cosmic strings are reviewed, in particular how focused bursts of gravitational radiation are emitted when a cusp forms on the string. The same phenomenon is then studied in an effective field theory with Lorentz violation called Einstein-aether theory. This is a simple theory with a dynamic preferred frame, but it retains rotational and diffeomorphism invariance. The linearized version of the theory produces five wave modes. We study the usual transverse traceless modes which now have a wave speed that can be lower or greater than the speed of light. This altered speed produces distinctive features in the waves. They depend on two free parameters: roughly the wave speed and the acceleration of the string cusp. The profile of the wave is analyzed in detail for different values of the parameters and explained by close comparison with the string motion.
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TORRI, MARCO DANILO CLAUDIO. "LORENTZ INVARIANCE VIOLATION EFFECTS ON ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS PROPAGATION: A GEOMETRICAL APPROACH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/625711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cosmic rays are highly energetic extraterrestrial particles, mainly originated outside the Solar system, with energy that spans many decades. Since they include the most energetic particles, accessible nowadays, it is very interesting to study this kind of radiation, that constitute a significant source of informations about astrophysical objects. Moreover these highly energetic particles propagate for cosmological distances, so they can furnish a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms of the universe. Hence it results very important to obtain a deeper understanding of the so called GZK “puzzle”. Universe results opaque to the propagation of the highest energetic particles, because of their interaction with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Therefore the sources of these Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) must be collocated inside a foreseen opacity sphere (GZK effect). But some recent experimental observations seem to indicate the possibility that certain UHECR correlate with candidate sources collocated farther than expected.
One of the most interesting possible explanations of this GZK suppression “puzzle” consists in introducing a particle kinematics modification, assuming this effect as a relic of the supposed quantum structure of space-time. In this respect, physics is amended by the introduction of small perturbations to the Lorentz symmetry, the so called Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) scenario. In this work, to preserve the idea of space-time homogeneity and isotropy, a possible way to introduce a LIV theory, without a preferred class of inertial observers, is explored. The Lorentz symmetry is therefore only modified, as in Doubly Special Relativity theories. Thus the idea of space-time isotropy results restored respect to the new amended Lorentz transformations, here introduced. Hence it results possible to solve the GZK “puzzle” without the necessity of the introduction of a privileged class of inertial observers.
The geometry of space-time is constructed starting from the momentum space modified structure, determined by the amended particle kinematics. The resultant geometry is of Finsler type, with an acquired energy dependance. The Lorentz group is then modified, in order to preserve space-time isotropy. The particle Standard Model results modified, but it still preserve the symmetry structure of the ordinary one, as shown proving the validity of the Coleman-Mandula theorem, with the substitution of the ordinary Lorentz group with the modified one. Finally the model is employed to compute phenomenological predictions on the behavior of UHECR and even of high energy neutrinos.
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Santos, Victor Pereira do Nascimento. "Aspectos da quebra de simetria de Lorentz e não-comutatividade em modelos de gravitação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SANTOS, Victor Pereira do Nascimento. Aspectos da quebra de simetria de Lorentz e não-comutatividade em modelos de gravitação. 2014. 138 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-06-23T21:01:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_vpnsantos.pdf: 12919592 bytes, checksum: 11e84d851c538b7c5f9b8a6cae752fef (MD5)
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In this work we will present some aspects from quantum gravity. We introduce the problem of quantum gravity and some proposals to tackle it. In particular, our investigations touch upon three general subjects: noncommutative geometry, violations of Lorentz symmetry and inflationary cosmology. In noncommutative geometry we made two proposals for possible experimental verifications: in the former we calculate the luminosity of spherically symmetric black-hole where its event horizon was modelled by a noncommutative space; in the latter we investigate the thermodynamical properties of the graphene in the presence of a magnetic field, verifying the influence of the noncommutativity. Regarding the Lorentz symmetry violation we showed its physical viability of extra-dimensional scenarios, by calculating the graviton mass in the four-dimensional effective theory. We also calculate the influence of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the gravitational sector in four dimensions, by means of quantum corrections to the Newtonian potential. Finally, in cosmology we present a preliminar study on the measure problem, which is related to how natural the inflationary process is. We propose using the Hamiltonian formulation for evaluating the probability of inflation in a scenario where the scalar field describing the inflation is non-minimally coupled to the gravitational field, finding the the viability of this particular model when compared to observed data.
Neste trabalho iremos apresentar alguns aspectos de gravitação quântica. Introduzimos o problema da gravitação e algumas propostas para atacá-lo. Em particular, nossas investigações tocam três temáticas gerais: geometria não-comutativa, violação da simetria de Lorentz e cosmologia inflacionária. Em geometria comutativa fizemos duas propostas distintas para possíveis limitações experimentais: em uma calculamos a luminosidade de um buraco-negro modelando o seu horizonte de eventos por um espaço não-comutativo; e na outra calculamos as propriedades termodinâmicas do grafeno na presença de um campo magnético, verificando a influência da não-comutatividade. No que toca a quebra da simetria de Lorentz, mostramos a viabilidade física de cenários de dimensões extras, através do cálculo da massa do gráviton na teoria efetiva quadridimensional. Também calculamos a influência da quebra de simetria no setor gravitacional em quatro dimensões, através de correções quânticas ao potencial gravitacional. Finalmente, em cosmologia apresentamos um estudo preliminar sobre o problema da medida, que se relaciona com a probabilidade de que se tenha o processo de inflação independente das condições iniciais do sistema. Propusemos usar a formulação Hamiltoniana para o cálculo dessa probabilidade em um sistema onde o campo escalar é acoplado não-minimamente ao campo gravitacional, e assim verificar a viabilidade do modelo quando confrontado com dados observacionais.
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Kuehn, Frederick Gabriel. "Finding Gamma Ray Bursts at High Energies and Testing the Constancy of the Speed of Light." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1214582047.
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Foster, Brendan Zdon. "Einstein vs. aether constraints on a class of Lorentz-symmetry-violating theories of gravity /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6843.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Coutant, Antonin. "On the phenomenology of quantum gravity : stability properties of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet violation of local Lorentz invariance." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112213/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs aspects de la radiation de Hawking en présence de violations de l'invariance locale de Lorentz. Ces violations sont introduites par une modification de la relation de dispersion, devenant non-linéaire aux courtes longueurs d’onde. Les principales motivations de ces travaux ont une double origine. Il y a d’une part le développement en matière condensée de trous noirs analogues, ou l’écoulement d’un fluide est perçu comme une métrique d’espace-temps pour les ondes de perturbations et ou la radiation de Hawking pourrait être détectée expérimentalement. D’autre part, il se pourrait que des effets de gravité quantique puissent être modélisés par une modification de la relation de dispersion. En premier lieu, nous avons obtenu des caractérisations précises des conditions nécessaires au maintien de l’effet Hawking en présence de violation de l’invariance de Lorentz. De plus, nous avons étudié l’apparition d’une onde macroscopique de fréquence nulle, dans des écoulements de type trous blancs et également pour des champs massifs. Une autre partie de ce travail a consisté à analyser une instabilité engendrée par les effets dispersifs, ou la radiation de Hawking est auto-amplifiée, générant ainsi un flux sortant exponentiellement croissant dans le tempsIn this thesis, we study several features of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet Lorentz violations. These violations are implemented by a modified dispersion relation that becomes nonlinear at short wavelengths. The motivations of this work arise on the one hand from the developing field of analog gravity, where we aim at measuring the Hawking effect in fluid flows that mimic black hole space-times, and on the other hand from the possibility that quantum gravity effects might be approximately modeled by a modified dispersion relation. We develop several studies on various aspects of the prob- lem. First we obtain precise characterizations about the deviations from the Hawking result of black hole radiation, which are induced by dispersion. Second, we study the emergence, both in white hole flows or for massive fields, of a macroscopic standing wave, spontaneously produced from the Hawking effect, and known as ‘undulation’. Third, we describe in detail an instability named black hole laser, which arises in the presence of two horizons, where Hawking radiation is self-amplified and induces an exponentially growing in time emitted flux
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Garrido, Terrats Daniel. "Limits to the Violation of Lorentz Invariance using the Emission of the Crab Pulsar at TeV Energies Discovered with Archival Data from the MAGIC TelescopesLimits to the Violation of Lorentz Invariance using the Emission of the Crab Pulsar at TeV Energies Discovered with Archival Data from the MAGIC TelescopesLimits to the Violation of Lorentz Invariance using the Emission of the Crab Pulsar at TeV Energies Discovered with Archival Data from the MAGIC Telescopes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/297701.
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Ghosh, Kumar Jang Bahadur [Verfasser], and F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Klinkhamer. "Chiral gauge theory and nontrivial spacetime topology: Lorentz and CPT violation / Kumar Jang Bahadur Ghosh ; Betreuer: F. Klinkhamer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151938610/34.
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Borges, Luiz Henrique de Campos. "Efeitos de violação de Lorentz não-mínima na eletrodinâmica quântica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alysson Fábio FerrariTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2016.
Operadores contendo derivadas superiores não estão incluídos no Modelo Padrão Estendido (SME) e podem ter relevância na busca por uma teoria que opere na escala de Planck. Nessa tese de doutorado investigamos algumas consequências físicas no regime de baixas energias devido a violação de Lorentz (Lorentz violation, ou LV) gerada por operadores desse tipo. Começamos com um modelo constituído pelo campo fermiônico carregado e massivo , pelo campo do fóton A e pelo campo do tipo áxion (ALP ou axion-like-particle) . A LV aparece através dos acoplamentos não mínimos Fd e 5=b , onde d e b são os vetores constantes responsáveis pela introdução da LV. Assumimos que o campo fermiônico tem massa muito grande, e integramos a ação efetiva no campo do férmion, obtendo então como correção quântica de uma laço uma interação efetiva a baixa energia entre o campo do fóton e o campo do ALP, que resulta ser do mesmo tipo de interação que tem sido investigado em pesquisas experimentais atuais. Em seguida, estudamos outras consequências da interação Fd por meio correções quânticas de um laço, agora exclusivamente no setor de fóton. Mostramos que tal interação LV é responsável por gerar na ação efetiva operadores LV com derivadas superiores. Dentre as correções quânticas geradas consideramos a correção até primeira ordem no parâmetro LV d, juntamente com as correções não lineares de mais baixa ordem, e investigamos efeitos da LV na propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas em uma região contendo um campo magnético forte e constante. Por fim investigamos consequências físicas adicionais da interação Fd por meio das interações entre fontes externas intermediadas pelo campo eletromagnético, onde discutimos os principais fenômenos físicos que emergem dessa teoria e que não são contemplados na teoria de Maxwell usual.
Higher derivatives operators are not included in the Standard Model Extension (SME) and they can have relevance in the search by a theory which operates in the Planck energy scale. In this PhD thesis we investigate some physical consequences in the low energy regime due to LV which was generated by this kind of operators. We start with a model in the high energy regime that is constituted by the charged massive fermionic field , by the photon field A and by the axion-like-particle (ALP) field . The LV appear in our model due to the two couplings Fd and 5=b , where d and b are the constant vectors responsible for introducing the LV. We assume the fermion mass to be very high and we integrate the effective action in the fermion field, obtaining as one-loop quantum correction an effective interaction in the low energy regime between the photon field and ALP field, which we show to be of the same form as the one studied in current experimental searches. Then, we study other physical consequences of the interaction Fd through one-loop quantum corrections in the pure photon sector. We show that such LV interaction generates in the effective action Lorentz violating higher derivatives operators. Among the generated quantum corrections we consider the ones of the first order in the LV parameter d; together with the lowest order non-linear corrections, and we investigate the effects of the LV in the electromagnetic wave propagation in a region with a strong, constant magnetic field. To finish, we investigate additional physical consequences of the interaction Fd through interactions between external sources intermediated by the electromagnetic field, where we discuss the main physical phenomena that emerge of this theory which have no counterpart in Maxwell theory.
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DIAS, Marcos Lima. "Monopolos e dyons em teorias de calibre não Abelianas com quebra da simetria de Lorentz: O caso do grupo SO(3)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/1987.
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CAPES
The theoretical study about the existence of magnetic monopole has begun by P. A. M. Dirac in 1931 and its main consequence has been the possibility of explaining the quantization of the electric charge. In Grand Uni cation Theories (GUT's), the magnetic monopole may appear as a topological defect by spontaneous symmetry break, in a process known as Higgs mechanism. The GUT's also predict the existence of a topological soliton which has both magnetic and electric charges: the so-called dyon. Theoretically, these particles are predicted very massive and abundant in the Universe. There are particular cases of monopole and dyon, called BPS's states, which have the smallest possible mass values, besides analytical solutions. In this work, we present some basic ideas about topology and homotopy; we describe the main points that have led to the development of the theoretical study of monopole and dyon both as topological solitons; and nally we investigate the e ects of the Lorentz-violating CPTeven terms in the Gauge (in particular, non birefringent one) and Higgs sectors on the BPS's states of the 't Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole and of the Julia-Zee dyon, both given in the Georgi-Glashow SO(3) model.
O estudo teórico a respeito da existência do monopolo magnético foi iniciado por P. A. M. Dirac em 1931 e teve como principal consequência a possibilidade de explicar a quantização da carga elétrica. Em Teorias de Grande Unificação (GUT's), o monopolo magnético pode surgir como um defeito topológico por meio da quebra espontânea de simetria, em um processo conhecido como mecanismo de Higgs. As GUT's preveem também a existência de um sóliton topológico que possui tanto carga magnética quanto elétrica: o chamado dyon. Teoricamente, essas partículas se apresentam muito massivas e abundantes no Universo. Hé casos particulares do monopolo e do dyon, denominados estados BPS's, que têm os menores valores possíveis de massa, cujas soluções são analíticas. Neste trabalho, apresentamos algumas ideias básicas acerca de topologia e homotopia; descrevemos os principais pontos que levaram ao desenvolvimento do estudo teórico do monopolo e do dyon como sólitons topológicos; e investigamos finalmente os efeitos dos termos CPTpares de violação da simetria de Lorentz nos setores de Gauge (em especial, n~ao birrefrigente) e de Higgs sobre os estados BPS's do monopolo magnético de't Hooft-Polyakov e do dyon de Julia-Zee, ambos dados no modelo SO (3) de Georgi-Glashow.
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Silva, Antônio José Gomes Carvalho. "Aspectos perturbativos das Teorias com a quebra da simetria de Lorentz." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9544.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In this dissertation, we study the possibility of violation of the Lorentz invariance taking into account some terms of the standard extended model, more specifically, the part of this model that deals with the extended quantum electrodynamics. We perform quantum corrections in the fermionic sector of the usual quantum electrodynamics added with terms that violate the Lorentz symmetries and in two different configurations. First, the coefficient added and that causes the Lorentz symmetry breaking is introduced through the constant pseudo-tensor Ic juvAp And we treat the constant electric and magnetic fields, that is, we do not evaluate as external leg between the coupling of the photon and fermions, evaluating the field FAp Without opening in term of the gauge field. In the second case, we investigated the operators governed by the coefficient of interaction FAp open in term of the gauge field. In the second case, we investigated the mixed contribution of the minimum and non-minimum coupling. We immediately know that for each coupling evaluated will have their respective vertices. For both cases, we calculate the quantum corrections in a loop. In the first case, the theory with the coefficient Ic juvAp and field FAp without being opened at the end of the gauge field AP, The contribution of a loop and we calculate the counter-ter, having a CPT-par characteristic, which will be useful to be introduced in action to eliminate divergences. In the second case, we examined the contribution of a loop, considering the mixture of minimum and non-minimum coupling, that is, and and and an external one AP, having a CPT-par characteristic, One related to the non-minimum coupling and another to the minimum, respectively and verifying the vertex correction also having the contribution of its counter-term.
Nesta dissertagao, estudamos a possibilidade de violagao da invariancia de Lorentz levando em conta alguns termos do modelo padrao estendido, mais especificamente da parte do modelo que trata da eletrodinamica quantica estendida. Realizamos corregoes quanticas no setor fermiOnico da eletrodinamica quantica usual adicionada de termos que violam as simetrias de Lorentz e em duas configuragoes diferentes. Primeiramente, o coeficiente adicionado e que ocasiona a quebra de simetria de Lorentz é introduzida atraves do pseudo-tensor constante is juvAp e tratamos os campos eletricos e magneticos constantes, ou seja, nao avaliamos como perna externas entre o acoplamento do fOton e fermions, avaliando o campo FAp sem abrir em termo do campo de gauge. No segundo caso, investigamos a contribuigao mista do acoplamento minim° e nao-minimo. De imediato sabemos que para cada acoplamento avaliado tera seus respectivo vertices. Para os dois casos, calculamos as corregoes quanticas em um lago. No primeiro caso, a teoria com o coeficiente I c juvAp e campo FAp sem ser aberto em termo do campo de gauge AP, a contribuigao de um lago e calculamos a pega de polo, tendo uma caracteristica CPT-par, que sera iltil para ser introduzida na agao para eliminar as divergencias. No segundo caso, nos examinamos a contribuigao de um lago, considerando a mistura dos acoplamento minimo e nao-minimo, ou seja, um Fill, e um externo AP, tendo como caracteristica CPT-impar um relacionado ao acoplamento nao-minimo e outro ao minimo, respectivamente e verificando a corregao de vertice tendo tambem a contribuigao do seu contra termo.
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Farias, Claudio Fernando Ferreira. "Potencial efetivo em modelos com violação de Lorentz." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5730.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-14Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In this thesis, we review some basic concepts related to Lorentz symmetry violation and Horava-Lifshitz-like theories. We present our contribution to the calculation of the effective potential in two frameworks that exhibit Lorentz invariance violation. First, we calculate the effective potential for some HL-like theories. We obtained results for the pure scalar model, for the scalar QED with critical exponent z = 2 and z generic, and for the Yukawa model also with z = 2 and with arbitrary values of z. For the latter model, we show that the effective potential vanishes for even z and has nontrivial values for odd z. The second framework is the Kostelecký-Berger model that implements the Lorentz symmetry breaking in supersymmetry. We develop the theory of superfields for three and four-dimensional space-time based on this model and show how this development leads to a theory of superfields with ether-like Lorentz violation. We also obtained the one loop contributions to the effective action and effective potential in this theory.
Nesta tese, revisamos alguns conceitos básicos relacionados à violação da simetria de Lorentz e a teorias do tipo Horava-Lifshitz. Apresentamos nossa contribuição ao cálculo do potencial efetivo em duas formulações que exibem violação da invariância de Lorentz. Primeiro, calculamos o potencial efetivo para algumas teorias do tipo HL. Obtivemos resultados para o modelo escalar puro, para a QED escalar com expoente crítico z = 2 e z genérico, e para o modelo de Yukawa também com z = 2 e com valores arbitrários de z. Para este último modelo, demonstramos que o potencial efetivo se anula para z par e possui valores não triviais para z ímpar. A segunda formulação é o modelo de Kostelecký-Berger que implementa a quebra da simetria de Lorentz em supersimetria. Desenvolvemos a teoria de supercampos para três e quatro dimensões do espaço-tempo com base neste modelo e mostramos como este desenvolvimento leva a uma teoria de supercampos com violação de Lorentz do tipo-éter. Obtemos também as contribuições de um loop para a ação efetiva e para potencial efetivo nesta teoria.
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Soares, Adriano Rocha. "Solução tipo monopolo: com violação e sem violação da simetria de Lorentz." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9511.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In this work, it present a bibliographical approach about topological defects especially the monopoles with absence of gauge fields. It begins by introducing a gradual recap on the major types of defects, and how their approaches change as the Lagrangian assumes greater symmetry groups. Next, remains attention only to models that support monopoles. Firstly , it's studied the global monopole SO(3), presenting through an analytical approach, its main features such as asymptotic space with angular deficit and null gravitational interaction. Posteriorly, it's shown that monopole solutions can arise also in field theory with Lorentz symmetry violation.
Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma abordagem bibliografica sobre defeitos topolOgicos corn destaque para os monopolos corn ausencia de campos de gauge. Inicia-se introduzindo uma recapitulacao gradual sobre os principais tipos de defeitos e, como suas abordagens variam a medida que a lagrangiana assume maiores grupos de simetria. Ern seguida, mantem-se atencao apenas ern modelos que suportam solucOes tipo monopolo. Primeiramente, estuda-se o monopolo global SO(3), apresentando por meio de uma abordagem analitica suas principais caracteristicas, tais como espaco assintOtico corn deficit angular e interacdo gravitacional nula. Posteriormente, mostra-se que solucOes tipo monopolo podem surgir, tambem, ern teorias de campo corn violacdo da simetria de Lorentz.
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Santos, Victor Pereira do Nascimento. "Aspectos da quebra de simetria de Lorentz e nÃo-comutatividade em modelos de gravitaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13559.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Neste trabalho iremos apresentar alguns aspectos de gravitaÃÃo quÃntica. Introduzimos o problema da gravitaÃÃo e algumas propostas para atacÃ-lo. Em particular, nossas investigaÃÃes tocam trÃs temÃticas gerais: geometria nÃo-comutativa, violaÃÃo da simetria de Lorentz e cosmologia inflacionÃria. Em geometria comutativa fizemos duas propostas distintas para possÃveis limitaÃÃes experimentais: em uma calculamos a luminosidade de um buraco-negro modelando o seu horizonte de eventos por um espaÃo nÃo-comutativo; e na outra calculamos as propriedades termodinÃmicas do grafeno na presenÃa de um campo magnÃtico, verificando a influÃncia da nÃo-comutatividade. No que toca a quebra da simetria de Lorentz, mostramos a viabilidade fÃsica de cenÃrios de dimensÃes extras, atravÃs do cÃlculo da massa do grÃviton na teoria efetiva quadridimensional. TambÃm calculamos a influÃncia da quebra de simetria no setor gravitacional em quatro dimensÃes, atravÃs de correÃÃes quÃnticas ao potencial gravitacional. Finalmente, em cosmologia apresentamos um estudo preliminar sobre o problema da medida, que se relaciona com a probabilidade de que se tenha o processo de inflaÃÃo independente das condiÃÃes iniciais do sistema. Propusemos usar a formulaÃÃo Hamiltoniana para o cÃlculo dessa probabilidade em um sistema onde o campo escalar à acoplado nÃo-minimamente ao campo gravitacional, e assim verificar a viabilidade do modelo quando confrontado com dados observacionais.
In this work we will present some aspects from quantum gravity. We introduce the problem of quantum gravity and some proposals to tackle it. In particular, our investigations touch upon three general subjects: noncommutative geometry, violations of Lorentz symmetry and inflationary cosmology. In noncommutative geometry we made two proposals for possible experimental verifications: in the former we calculate the luminosity of spherically symmetric black-hole where its event horizon was modelled by a noncommutative space; in the latter we investigate the thermodynamical properties of the graphene in the presence of a magnetic field, verifying the influence of the noncommutativity. Regarding the Lorentz symmetry violation we showed its physical viability of extra-dimensional scenarios, by calculating the graviton mass in the four-dimensional effective theory. We also calculate the influence of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the gravitational sector in four dimensions, by means of quantum corrections to the Newtonian potential. Finally, in cosmology we present a preliminar study on the measure problem, which is related to how natural the inflationary process is. We propose using the Hamiltonian formulation for evaluating the probability of inflation in a scenario where the scalar field describing the inflation is non-minimally coupled to the gravitational field, finding the the viability of this particular model when compared to observed data.
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Pereira, Carlisson Miller Cantanhede. "VÓRTICES EM TEORIAS DE CAMPO COM VIOLAÇÃO DA INVARIÂNCIA DE LORENTZ." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/738.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work addresses the effects of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking on the vortex solutions of the abelian Maxwell-Higgs (AMH) model. Our model is composed by the usual AMH model where the kinetic part of the gauge field is supplemented by a non-birrefringente CPT-even term contained in the electrodynamic sector of the Standard Model extension (SME) of Colladay & Kostelecky. The work is developed in the following way: In the chapter 1, we start by doing a review about topological defects in (1+1)-dimensional scalar field theories. Based on the criterion of energy finiteness, it has been established appropriated boundary conditions for the fields. By following the well-known Bogomol nyi s method and by minimizing the system energy, we have obtained the BPS equations (first order equations) which solves the Euler-Lagrange second order equations. By last, we study the more simples topological defect, named kink, which is obtained from a λϕ4 scalar field theory. The kink solution connects two different minimum energy potencial states or vacuum s states. The second chapter is devoted to the study of stationary BPS v´ortices in field theories where abelian gauge fields are coupled to the Higgs field. The first field theory to be studied is the Maxwell Higgs model in a |ϕ|4-type potencial. Next, we study the BPS vortex solutions in a model with a pure Chern-Simons term coupled to the Higgs field (CSH), subject to a |ϕ|6-type potencial. The third and last model to be analyzed is the Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model (MCSH). To obtain charged BPS vortex in MCSH model, it is necessary to introduce a dynamical and neutral scalar field N coupled to the Higgs field in a modified |ϕ|4 which depends explicitly of the field N. In the third and four chapters, we present the original contributions of the present monograph. We study the Maxwell-Higgs model in the presence of Lorentz-violating CPT-even terms belonging to the nonbirefringent electrodynamics of the SME. The nonbirefringent SME term is composed by both parity-even and parity-odd sectors. The third chapter we shows that the parity-even LIV coefficients admit only uncharged BPS and non-BPS v´ortices in the usual |ϕ|4-potencial. Our analysis shows that the parity-even LIV parameter controls the radial thickness of the profile of the defect, which can become narrower or wider (approaching to the standard behavior of a compacton-type defect). In chapter 4, we show that the LIV parity-odd parameters allow the existence of BPS-type charged vortices if we include a neutral scalar field Ψ in the original model, the situation is similar to what occurs in the MCSH model . We use a |ϕ|4-potencial which explicitly depends in the field Ψ and its derivative.
Esta dissertação aborda os efeitos da quebra espontânea da covariância de Lorentz na obtenção das soluções estacionárias de vórtices BPS e não-BPS no contexto da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Higgs abeliana suplementada pelo setor de gauge CPT-par e não-birrefringente do Modelo Padrão Estendido (MPE) de Colladay & Kostelecky. O trabalho inicia fazendo uma revisão sobre defeitos topológicos em modelos de campos escalares em (1+1)−dimensões. A partir do critério de finitude da energia estacionária, estabelecemos condições de contorno sobre os campos e suas derivadas. Apresentamos, também o bem conhecido método de Bogomol nyi, usado para obter as equações BPS que minimizam a energia do sistema. Por fim, apresentamos o defeito tipo Kink com o potencial tipo ϕ4, que conecta estados assintóticos de mínima energia (vácuos) diferentes. No segundo capítulo, seguindo o procedimento de Bogomol nyi, obtemos as soluções de vórtices BPS estacionárias em modelos abelianos acoplados ao campo de Higgs. Iniciamos com o modelo Maxwell-Higgs submetido a um potencial tipo |ϕ|4, usando o ansatz rotacionalmente simétrico a fim de obter as equações de vórtices BPS, e impondo condições sobre os campos na origem/no infinito. Em seguida, estudamos as soluções de vórtices BPS no modelo Chern-Simons puro acoplado ao campo de Higgs (CSH), sujeito a um potencial do tipo |ϕ|6. Apresentamos uma importante relação de acoplamento entre o setor elétrico e o setor magnético, e obtemos as equações BPS e a energia mínima do modelo, via o método de Bogomol nyi. Ainda neste capítulo, estudamos vórtices BPS no modelo Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs (MCSH). Para isto, argumentamos a necessidade de introduzir no modelo um campo escalar neutro N dinâmico submetidos a um potencial do tipo |ϕ|4 dependente do campo N. As condições sobre N também foram obtidas. No terceiro capítulo, apresentamos a primeira contribuição original deste trabalho. Consideramos o modelo Maxwell-Higgs na presença de termos CPT-pares que violam a covariância de Lorentz, pertencentes ao MPE. Iniciamos usando uma parametrização que retém apenas o setor não-birrefringente do modelo. Escrevemos as equações de movimento e aplicamos a prescrição usual para soluções rotacionalmente simétricas, obtendo soluções de vórtices descarregados BPS e não-BPS para um potencial do tipo |ϕ|4. Nestas, o parâmetro de violação de Lorentz (paridade-par) desempenha papel importante, permitindo controlar a espessura do perfil do defeito, que pode tornar-se mais estreito (aproximando-se do padrão compacton ) ou mais largo. No capítulo 4, mostramos que os parâmetros da quebra de Lorentz de paridade-ímpar possibilitam a obtenção de vórtices carregados sempre que seja inserido no modelo um campo escalar neutro Ψ na lagrangiana, similarmente ao que ocorre no modelo MCSH. Usamos um potencial tipo |ϕ|4 dependente do campo Ψ e de sua derivada.
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Katori, Teppei. "A measurement of the muon neutrino charged current quasielastic interaction and a test of Lorentz violation with the MiniBooNE experiment." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344580.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 1094. Adviser: Rex Tayloe.
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AraÃjo, Arilo Pinheiro. "ASSINATURAS DA VIOLAÃÃO DA SIMETRIA DE LORENTZ NA RADIAÃÃO CÃSMICA DE FUNDO." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17637.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNeste trabalho investigaremos a relaÃÃo da violaÃÃo da simetria de Lorentz com a anisotropia da radiaÃÃo cÃsmica de fundo. Exporemos o desenrolar da compreensÃo do Big Bang e tambÃm da radiaÃÃo em questÃo e mostraremos o seu significado e a sua natureza. Mostraremos as definiÃÃes de simetria de Lorentz e de violaÃÃo da simetria de Lorentz. Usaremos o modelo Bumblebee para lidar com os termos que violam essa simetria e mostraremos quais termos serÃo utilizados. Desenvolveremos uma equaÃÃo de Einstein modificada atravÃs da variaÃÃo, com respeito à mÃtrica, da aÃÃo de Einstein-Hilbert com os termos de Bumblebee adicionados, pois sÃo os termos que violam a simetria de Lorentz. Usaremos essa equaÃÃo desenvolvida para fazer uma anÃlise perturbativa. Usaremos a mÃtrica de Friedmann-LemaÃtre-Robertson-Walker, por ser uma mÃtrica isotrÃpica, e introduziremos uma perturbaÃÃo em cada direÃÃo da parte espacial da mÃtrica em questÃo para tornÃ-la anisotrÃpica. Por fim, apresentaremos um conjunto de quatro equaÃÃes diferenciais lineares acopladas (com as perturbaÃÃes como variÃveis) que relacionam as perturbaÃÃes propostas com o campo de Bumblebee.
Neste trabalho investigaremos a relaÃÃo da violaÃÃo da simetria de Lorentz com a anisotropia da radiaÃÃo cÃsmica de fundo. Exporemos o desenrolar da compreensÃo do Big Bang e tambÃm da radiaÃÃo em questÃo e mostraremos o seu significado e a sua natureza. Mostraremos as definiÃÃes de simetria de Lorentz e de violaÃÃo da simetria de Lorentz. Usaremos o modelo Bumblebee para lidar com os termos que violam essa simetria e mostraremos quais termos serÃo utilizados. Desenvolveremos uma equaÃÃo de Einstein modificada atravÃs da variaÃÃo, com respeito à mÃtrica, da aÃÃo de Einstein-Hilbert com os termos de Bumblebee adicionados, pois sÃo os termos que violam a simetria de Lorentz. Usaremos essa equaÃÃo desenvolvida para fazer uma anÃlise perturbativa. Usaremos a mÃtrica de Friedmann-LemaÃtre-Robertson-Walker, por ser uma mÃtrica isotrÃpica, e introduziremos uma perturbaÃÃo em cada direÃÃo da parte espacial da mÃtrica em questÃo para tornÃ-la anisotrÃpica. Por fim, apresentaremos um conjunto de quatro equaÃÃes diferenciais lineares acopladas (com as perturbaÃÃes como variÃveis) que relacionam as perturbaÃÃes propostas com o campo de Bumblebee.
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Leite, Júlio Rafael da Silva. "Violação da invariância de Lorentz no regime de temperatura finita." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1009.
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In this master s thesis, we have studied the possibility of Lorentz invariance violation by considering some terms of the standard-model extesion (SME), specifically, those terms which refer to the quantum electrodynamics extension. We have performed quantum corrections in the fermionic sector of the usual quantum electrodynamics with added terms which violate the Lorentz and CPT symmetries in two different configurations. Firstly, adding operators governed by the coefficient gκλμ and, in a later time, adding operators governed by the coefficient bμ. In the theory with the coefficient gκλμ, we have performed quantum corrections in order to induce, in the bosonic sector of the theory, the conventional Chern-Simons and the higher-derivative terms, and analyze the behavior of both terms in the finite temperature regime, by using the method of derivative expansion and the Matsubara formalism. On the other hand, in the model with the coefficient bμ, we have performed quantum corrections in order to induce, in the bosonic sector, the higher-derivative Chern-Simons term, by using the method of derivative expansion and, subsequently, analyze the behavior of this term in the finite temperatura regime, where we have used the Matsubara formalism again. Thus, for the first case, we have observed that the conventional Chern-Simons term is nonzero only at finite temperature, whereas the higher-derivative term is finite at zero temperature, however, this term goes to zero when the temperature increases infinitely. In the second part of our study, we have shown that the higher-derivative Chern-Simons term is induced at zero temperature, nevertheless, this term goes to zero when the temperature increases too much.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Nesta dissertação, estudamos a possibilidade de violação da invariância de Lorentz levando em conta alguns termos do modelo padrão estendido, mais especificamente, da parte deste modelo que trata da eletrodinâmica quântica estendida. Realizamos correções quânticas no setor fermiônico da eletrodinâmica quântica usual adicionada de termos que violam as simetrias de Lorentz e CPT em duas configurações diferentes. Primeiramente, adicionando operadores governados pelo coeficiente gκλμ e, em um momento posterior, adicionando operadores governados pelo coeficiente bμ. Para a teoria com o coeficiente gκλμ, realizamos correções quânticas com a intenção de induzir, no setor bosônico da teoria, os termos de Chern-Simons convencional e o de derivada superior, e analisar o comportamento de ambos os termos no regime de temperatura finita, fazendo o uso do método da expansão derivativa e do formalismo de Matsubara. Já para o modelo com o coeficiente bμ, realizamos correções quânticas a fim de induzir, no setor bosônico, o termo de Chern-Simons de derivada superior, usando o método da expansão derivativa e, posteriormente, analisar o comportamento deste termo no regime de temperatura finita, ao utilizarmos novamente o formalismo de Matsubara. Assim, para o primeiro caso, notamos que o termo de Chern-Simons convencional é diferente de zero apenas à temperatura finita, enquanto que, o termo de derivada superior é finito em temperatura zero, porém, tal termo vai a zero quando a temperatura cresce infinitamente. Na segunda parte do nosso estudo, mostramos que o termo de Chern-Simons de derivada superior é induzido no regime de temperatura zero, contudo, tal termo vai a zero quando a temperatura cresce muito.
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Coutant, Antonin. "phénoménologie de la gravité quantique : Propriété de stabilité de la radiation d'Hawking en présence de violation de l'invariance local de Lorentz." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747874.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs aspects de la radiation de Hawking en présence de violations de l'invariance locale de Lorentz. Ces violations sont introduites par une modification de la relation de dispersion, devenant non-linéaire aux courtes longueurs d'onde. Les principales motivations de ces travaux ont une double origine. Il y a d'une part le développement en matière condensée de trous noirs analogues, ou l'écoulement d'un fluide est perçu comme une métrique d'espace-temps pour les ondes de perturbations et ou la radiation de Hawking pourrait être détectée expérimentalement. D'autre part, il se pourrait que des effets de gravité quantique puissent être modélisés par une modification de la relation de dispersion. En premier lieu, nous avons obtenu des caractérisations précises des conditions nécessaires au maintien de l'effet Hawking en présence de violation de l'invariance de Lorentz. De plus, nous avons étudié l'apparition d'une onde macroscopique de fréquence nulle, dans des écoulements de type trous blancs et également pour des champs massifs. Une autre partie de ce travail a consisté à analyser une instabilité engendrée par les effets dispersifs, ou la radiation de Hawking est auto-amplifiée, générant ainsi un flux sortant exponentiellement croissant dans le temps.
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Perennes, Cédric. "Energy dependent time delays in blazar light curves : a first look at the modeling of source-intrinsic effect in the MeV-TeV range and constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation with H.E.S.S." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS183/document.
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Des modèles spécifiques de gravitation quantique suggèrent l’existence d’une Violation de l’Invariance de Lorentz (LIV en anglais) à l’échelle de Planck. Une des signatures de cette violation est la modification de la propagation des photons dans le vide, induisant des décalages temporels dépendant de l’énergie des photons observés sur Terre. De tels décalages dans le temps d’arrivée de rayons γ sont recherchés avec l’expérience H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System), grâce aux émissions de très hautes énergies en provenance de sources lointaines telles que les blazars. Néanmoins, l’origine du décalage temporel doit être comprise en détails. En effet, un décalage intrinsèque à la source pourrait venir biaiser les contraintes sur les modèles de gravitation quantique. Cette thèse propose dans un premier temps de s’intéresser à la modélisation temporelle des éruptions de blazars, pour étudier les possibles décalages intrinsèques liés aux processus d’émissions de ces éruptions. Grâce à l’élaboration d’un modèle simple, cette étude met en relief les différentes caractéristiques de ces décalages intrinsèques sur les scénarios d’éruptions de blazar afin d’essayer de les distinguer des décalages potentiellement dus à un effet de LIV et aussi de proposer de nouvelles contraintes basées sur ces décalages temporels. Dans un deuxième temps, la méthode de recherche de décalages temporels dépendant de l’énergie avec H.E.S.S. est présentée ainsi qu’une application sur l’éruption du blazar Markarian 501 ayant eu lieu en juillet 2014. Cette analyse a permis d’établir la meilleure limite obtenue sur le terme quadratique de la signature de la LIV avec l’utilisation d’éruption de blazarsSpecific models of quantum gravity suggest the existence of a Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) at the Planck scale. One signature of that violation is a modification the propagation of photons in vacuum which induces energy dependent delays in the arrival time of photons on Earth. The H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) experiment can search for such delays in the arrival time of gamma rays, thanks to the very high energy emission coming from distant blazars. However, the time delay origin have to be fully understood. Indeed, an intrinsic time delay coming from the source can bias the constraints made on quantum gravity models. In the first part of this thesis, a time dependent blazar flare model is considered to search for the presence of intrinsic time delays related to the emission mechanisms of flares. With the elaboration of a simple scenario, this study highlights the different characteristics of intrinsic time delays in order to investigate how to disentangle them from delays due to LIV as well as to provide new constraints on blazar modeling. In the second part of this thesis, the method used to search for LIV signatures in blazar light curves at very high energy is presented as well as an application to the flare of Markarian 501 which occurred in July 2014. This analysis provides in particular the best upper limit on the quadratic term of LIV signature
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Silva, Neto José Antônio da. "Gravitação f(R) com torção e violação de Lorentz : cenários naturais para novos espinores." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roldão da Rocha JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2017.
A classificação de espinores de Lounesto é uma ferramenta importante na física fundamental, pois explicita a plêiade de tipos de espinores que vão além daqueles usados na teoria quântica de campos (TQC). Nesse trabalho, mostramos como a classificação surge em dois tópicos: primeiro mostramos que os bilineares covariantes surgem naturalmente na equção de movimento para um campo fermiônico num fundo do tipo Riemann-Cartan (com dinâmica gravitacional f(R)) e identificamos um espinor singular (um ag-dipole) como sendo solução do modelo apresentado. Esta é a primeira solução ag-dipole encontrada na literatura. Investigamos o comportamento dos bilineares covariantes dentro do contextificação dos espinores, de acordo com seus bilineares covariantes, a cenarios com quebra de simetria de Lorentz. Finalmente, provamos que espinores singulares do tipo agpole são menos suscetíveis a efeitos de violação de Lorentz.
The Lounesto spinor classifcation is an important tool in fundamental physics, because it makes explicit the pleiade of spinors types, beyond the used in quantum field theory (QFT). In this work, we show how the classification emerges in two topics: first we show that the bilinear covariants arise naturally in the equation of motion for a fermionic field in a Riemann-Cartan background (with gravitational dynamics f(R)) and we identify a singular espinor field (a ag-dipole one) as a solution of the presented model. This is the first solution ag-dipole founded in the literature. We investigated the behavior of the bilinear covariants in the context of the called standard model extension of Colladay and Kostelecky and we present examples of transformations that violate the Lorentz symmetry, providing an extension of spinors classificaiton, according to bilinear covariants, to scenarios with broken Lorentz symmetry. Finally, we proved that singular spinors of type agpole are less susceptible to efects of Lorentz violation.
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Brunetti, Giulia. "Neutrino velocity measurement with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843100.
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The thesis concerns the measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam. There are different theoretical models that allow for Lorentz violating effects which can be investigated with measurements on terrestrial neutrino beams. The MINOS experiment published in 2007 a measure on the muon neutrinos over a distance of 730 km finding a deviation with respect to the expected time of flight of 126 ns with a statistical error of 32 ns and a systematic error of 64 ns. The OPERA experiment observes as well muon neutrinos 730 km away from the source, with a sensitivity significantly better than MINOS thanks to the higher number of interactions in the detector due to the higher energy beam and the much more sophisticated timing system explicitly upgraded in view of the neutrino velocity measurement. This system is composed by atomic cesium clocks and GPS receivers operating in "common view mode". Thanks to this system a time-transfer between the two sites with a precision at the level of 1 ns is possible. Moreover, a Fast Waveform Digitizer was installed along the proton beam line at CERN in order to measure the internal time structure of the proton pulses that are sent to the CNGS target. The result on the neutrino velocity is the most precise measurement so far with terrestrial neutrino beams: the neutrino time of flight was determined with a statistical uncertainty of about 10 ns and a systematic uncertainty smaller than 20 ns.
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Quilain, Benjamin. "Measurement of the muon neutrino cross section through charged-current interactions and search for Lorentz invariance violation at the T2K experiment : neutrino oscillation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPXX0071.
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L'expérience T2K, située au Japon, est une expérience étudiant l'oscillation des neutrinos à longue distance. Elle vise à mesurer les paramètres décrivant ce phénomène d'oscillations quantiques, et plus particulièrement, l'angle de mélange θ13. Ce dernier est mesuré par la production de neutrinos muons à J-PARC et la détection de neutrinos électroniques 295 km plus loin, dans le détecteur Super-Kamiokande. Etant donné que T2K a mesuré un angle de mélange θ13 ≠ 0 à plus de 7σ de confiance, cela ouvre la possibilité de mesurer la phase de violation CP dans les expériences d'oscillation de neutrino. Par la mesure précise des paramètres d'oscillations, T2K a pour but d'apporter les premières contraintes sur l'existence possible d'une phase de violation CP dans le secteur leptonique. Après avoir introduit la théorie d'oscillation des neutrinos ainsi que l'expérience, nous présentons le Générateur de Cone, un dispositif que nous avons développé afin de calibrer le détecteur lointain Super-Kamiokande. Nous étudions ensuite l'uniformité et l'isotropie de ce dernier, avant de mettre en évidence les différentes sources de désaccord entre les données et la simulation du détecteur. Nous montrons en particulier une imperfection dans la simulation de la réflexion de la lumière sur le mur du détecteur. Par la suite, nous présentons la calibration du dépot de charge que nous avons effectuée pour les détecteurs proches et sur axe, INGRID et le Module Proton. En particulier, nous observons un phénomène de diaphonie optique entre des scintillateurs d'un certain type, que nous avons corrigé. Cette calibration est ensuite utilisée pour effectuer la première mesure de section efficace double différentielle des interactions (CC0π) des neutrinos avec le Module Proton. L'incertitude provenant des sections efficaces est l'une des sources principales d'erreurs sur la mesure des oscillations de neutrinos, et le canal CC0π est le canal principal d'interaction des neutrinos dans l'expérience T2K. Nous montrons que notre mesure est en accord avec les mesures récentes de l'expérience MiniBooNE. Enfin, nous présentons la première recherche de signaux de violation de l'invariance de Lorentz dans l'expérience T2K. Nous montrons que les oscillations de neutrinos constituent l'une des sondes les plus sensibles pour ce phénomène. Nous dévoilerons d'abord les raisons de la recherche d'un tel effet, avant de présenter notre résultat de recherche de violation d'invariance de Lorentz qui utilise le détecteur INGRID nouvellement calibré. Nous montrons qu'aucun effet de cette violation n'est observé dans ce détecteur proche de T2K.
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Furtado, Neto Job Saraiva. "Ação de Euler-Heisenberg no contexto de violação de simetria de Lorentz." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1491.
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The effective action of Euler Heisenberg describes the nonlinear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. Such action takes into account the polarization in a vacuum for a bond, in addition to describing also the photon propagation through arbitrary electromagnetic fields that vary slowly. So, since its discovery, the effective action of Euler Heisenberg has been studied in various contexts, such as the scattering of light by light, pair production in a vacuum, Division of photons, birefringence in vacuum, effective action in gravity and string theory, among others. In this work we performed a study on the Lorentz transformations of observer and grains, showing that, in the presence of a field, the revolutions and changes of speed (boost) break the equivalence between these two transformations (Observer and particle). We studied also the violation of Lorentz invariance by consideration of some terms related to the extended standard model, with a focus on quantum electrodynamics extended. We carry out a Perturbative calculation in the cμν coefficient, a coefficient of this responsible for violation of Lorentz symmetry of particle, however impose rotational invariance. From the results of this calculation, we can retrieve the Perturbative result to the effect of the Division of photons in a vacuum, as well as the effective action of Euler Heisenberg with Lorentz violation, the linear coefficient c00.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A ação efetiva de Euler-Heisenberg descreve a dinâmica não linear de campos eletromagnéticos no vácuo. Tal ação leva em conta a polarização no vácuo para um laço, além de descrever também a propagação de fótons através de campos eletromagnéticos arbitrários que variam lentamente. Então, desde a sua descoberta, a ação efetiva de Euler-Heisenberg tem sido estudada em vários contextos, tais como o espalhamento da luz pela luz, produção de pares no vácuo, divisão de fótons, birrefringência no vácuo, ação efetiva em gravidade e teoria de cordas, dentre outros. Neste trabalho realizamos inicialmente um estudo sobre as transformações de Lorentz de observador e de partícula, mostrando que, na presença de um campo de fundo, as rotações e mudanças de velocidade (boost) quebram a equivalência entre essas duas transformações (observador e partícula). Estudamos também a violação da invariância de Lorentz através da consideração de alguns termos referentes ao modelo padrão estendido, com foco na eletrodinâmica quântica estendida. Efetuamos um cálculo não perturbativo no coeficiente cμν , coeficiente este responsável pela violação da simetria de Lorentz de partícula, no entanto impomos invariância rotacional. A partir dos resultados desse cálculo, conseguimos recuperar o resultado perturbativo para o efeito da divisão de fótons no vácuo, assim como a ação efetiva de Euler-Heisenberg com violação de Lorentz, linear no coeficiente c00.
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Mota, Alexsandro Lucena. "Vórtices BPS na eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Higgs com acoplamento nªo mínimo quebrando as simetrias de CPT e de Lorentz." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1593.
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The first studies on Lorentz-violating BPS vórtices were accomplished within the framework of the Standard Model Extension (SME). Specifically, it was studied the effects of the Lorentz violation in the vortex solutions presented in the Maxwell-Higgs electrodynamics. The formation of vórtices was also analyzed in (1+2)-dimensional models obtained by dimensional reduction of the SME Abelian sector. Among the several effects of the Lorentz violation we can mention: the control of both the amplitude as the width of the vortex, magnetic field reversion, magnetic flux quantization with explicit dependence on the Lorentz-violating coefficients. In this dissertation we study the existence of topological BPS vórtices in a Maxwell-Higgs model in which the covariant derivative is modified by the addition of a CPT-odd term, which breaks the CPT- and Lorentz symmetry due to the presence of a vectorial background. The interaction generating a set of self-dual or first-order equations includes a potential jφj4 and a derivative coupling j@iφj4. Although the self-dual equations are very different of those belonging to the usual MaxwellHiggs model, the new vortex solutions behave just like the Aharonov-Nielsen-Olesen ones, but the mass scale depends explicitly on the Lorentz-violating coefficient.
Os primeiros estudos sobre vórtices BPS no contexto da violação da simetria de Lorentz foram realizadas no marco teórico do modelo padrão estendido (MPE). Especificamente, foram estudados os efeitos da quebra de Lorentz sobre os vórtices existentes na eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Higgs. Também, foram estudadas a formação de vórtices em modelos (1+2)-dimensionais obtidos via redução dimensional do setor Abeliano do MPE. Entre os diversos efeitos da quebra de Lorentz podemos citar: controle da amplitude e largura do vórtice, inversão do campo magnético, fluxo magnético quantizado com dependência explícita nos coeficientes da quebra de Lorentz, etc. Nesta dissertação estudamos a existência de vórtices topológicos em um modelo de MaxwellHiggs cuja derivada covariante é modificada pela inclusão de um termo CPT-ímpar, o qual quebra a simetria de Lorentz devido a presença de um campo de fundo vetorial. A interação, que gera um sistema de equações auto-duais de primeira ordem, inclui um potencial jφj4 e um acoplamento derivativo j@iφj4. A pesar das equações auto-duais serem bem diferentes daquelas do modelo de Maxwell-Higgs, os vórtices obtidos se comportam como aqueles de Aharonov-Nielsen-Olesen, mas a escala de massa depende explicitamente do coeficiente que controla a quebra de Lorentz.
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CARVALHO, Eduardo Santos. "Redução dimensional do setor CPT-PAR do modelo padrão estendido." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1858.
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The CPT-even abelian gauge sector of the Standard Model Extension is represented by the Maxwell term supplemented by KF )µνρσ FµνFρσ, where the Lorentz-violating background tensor, (KF )µνρσ, possesses the symmetries of the Riemann tensorand a double null trace. In the present work, it is examined the planar version of this theory, obtained by means of a dimensional reduction procedure to (1 + 2) dimensions. The resulting planar electrodynamics is composed of a gauge sector containing six Lorentz-violating coe¢ cients, a scalar …eld endowed with a noncanonical kinetic term, and a coupling term that links the scalar and gauge sectors. The parity of the components of the Lorentz violating tensors is analyzed, following the de…nition of the parity operator in (1 +2) dimensions. The equations of motion of the theory are also found, where the electromagnetic …eld appears coupled to scalar …eld. This coupling however appears only as a second order e¤ect on the violation coe¢ cients and thus it is neglected. The energy-momentum tensor of the theory is calculated, revealing contributions of scalar, gauge and coupling sectors. From this tensor it is found a positive energy density de…ned for small violation parameters. The wave equations for the …elds E and B and the potential A0 and A are written and solved in the steady state by the method of Green. It is observed that the Lorentz-violating parameters do not alter the asymptotic behavior of the …elds but induce an angular dependence not observed in the Maxwell planar theory. It is also observed that electrical charges generate static magnetic …eld, as well as stationary currents generate electric …eld, a property already present in the original theory in (1 +3) dimensions. The dispersion relation also is determined, revealing that the six parameters related to the pure electromagnetic sector do not yield birefringence at …rst order. In this model, the birefringence may appear only as a second order efect associated with the coupling tensor linking the gauge and scalar sectors.
O setor de gauge abeliano CPT-Par do Modelo Padrão Estendido é representado pelo termo de Maxwell suplementado por (KF )µνρσ FµνFρσ, onde o tensor de campo de fundo violador de Lorentz, (KF )µνρσ, possui as simetrias do tensor de Riemann e um duplo traço nulo. No presente trabalho é examinada a versão planar dessa teoria, obtida por meio do procedimento de redução dimensional para (1+2) dimensões. A eletrodinâmica planar resultante é composta de um setor de gauge contendo seis coe…ficientes de violação de Lorentz, um campo escalar regido por um termo cinético não canônico, e um termo de acoplamento que interliga os dois setores. A paridades das componentes dos tensores violadores de Lorentz é analisada. Também são encontradas as equações de movimento da teoria, onde o campo eletromagnético aparece acoplado ao campo escalar. Este acoplamento, no entanto, aparece apenas como um efeito de segunda ordem nas equações de movimento e por isso é descartado. O tensor de energia-momento da teoria é calculado, apresentando contribuições tanto dos setores escalar e de gauge quanto do de acoplamento. A partir deste tensor é encontrada uma densidade de energia positiva de…nida apenas para pequenas parâmetros de violação. As equações de onda para, os campos E e B e potenciais A0 e A, são escritas e resolvidas no regime estacionário, via o método de Green. Observa-se que os parâmetros de violação de Lorentz não alteram o comportamento assimptótico dos campos, mas induzem uma dependência angular não observada na teoria planar de Maxwell. É também observado que cargas estáticas geram campo magnético, assim como correntes estacionárias geram campo elétrico, uma propriedade já presente na teoria original em (1+3) dimensões. A relação de dispersão também é determinada, revelando que os seis parâmetros relacionados ao setor eletromagnético puro não produzem birrefringência. Neste modelo, a birrefringência pode aparecer apenas como um efeito de segunda ordem associado ao tensor de acoplamento que liga os campos escalar e de gauge.
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Silva, Júlio César Mota. "Descrição alternativa da supercondutividade e do efeito Kondo via soluções solitônicas." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9551.
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Here we describe the superconductivity and the Kondo effect through domain wall solutions. We introduced the temperature in the models by making an analogy between the domain walls type solutions with internal structures and Rindler obsevers. By making the introduction of temperature and a gauge field into the model we obtain the superconducting domain walls and the superconductivity they describe. When we consider a model that allows the violation of Lorentz symmetry is possible to describe the effect of impurities on the domain walls with which we describe the Kondo effect in superconductors. Our results are in agreement with the results obtained from research into holographic superconductors.
Neste trabalho descrevemos a supercondutividade e o efeito Kondo atraves de solugoes de paredes de dominio. Introduzimos a temperatura nos modelos fazendo uma analogia entre as solugoes do tipo paredes de dominio corn estruturas internas e os observadores de Rindler. Ao fazermos a introducao de temperatura e de urn campo de gauge no modelo obtemos paredes de dominios supercondutoras e corn elan descrevemos a supercondutividade. Ao considerarmos um modelo que permite a violado da simetria de Lorentz é possivel descrever o efeito de impurezas nas paredes de dominios, corn as quais descrevemos o efeito Kondo ern supercondutores. Nossos resultados estao de acordo com os resultados obtidos nas pesquisas sobre supercondutores holograficos.
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Mentech, Guillermo Lazar. "VÓRTICES BPS COM FLUXO MAGNÉTICO FRACIONÁRIO NO MODELO PADRÃO ESTENDIDO." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2013. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/745.
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We study the existence of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen-like BPS vortices in the context of the Standard Model Extension (SME). Specifically, we analyze the Maxwell-Higgs model supplemented by Lorentz-violating (LV) terms in both sectors. The LV terms of the Higgs sector are CPT-even, on the other hand, the gauge sector includes CPT-even and CPT-odd LV terms. One important consequence is the effect of the LV coefficients of the Higgs sector on the magnetic flux, it now is fractional. Among other effects, the LV coefficients are accounted by the control of the amplitude and the spatial extension of the topological defects. The first model analyzed includes a Lorentz-violating CPT-odd or Carroll-Field-Jackiw term in the gauge sector. The BPS equations under appropriated coordinate rescaling and field redefinition are the ones of the Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs (MCSH) model. However, the difference appears in Gauss s law which contains a parameter dependent on LV coefficients of the Higgs sector. Such parameter when fixed to be 1 reproduces the Gauss law of the MCSH model. The second model studied contains the LV CPT-even term in the electromagnetic sector. It provides a new class of BPS vórtices. Here the parity-odd coefficients couple the magnetic and electric sectors yet in stationary regimen. Then, with the appropriate BPS potential the model engenders electrically charged BPS vórtices. This new BPS vortex solutions also supports electric field inversion and localized magnetic flux reversion.
Estudamos a existência de vórtices BPS tipo Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen no contexto do Modelo Padrão Estendido (MPE). Especialmente, analisamos o modelo de Maxwell-Higgs suplementado por temos de violação de Lorentz (VL) em ambos os setores. Os termos de VL no setor de Higgs são CPT-par, por outro lado, o setor de gauge inclui termos de VL CPT-par e CPT-ímpar. Uma consequência importante do efeito dos coeficientes de VL do setor de Higgs é a fracionalização do fluxo magnético. Além de outros efeitos, os coeficientes de VL são responsáveis por controlar a amplitude e a extensão espacial dos defeitos topológicos. O primeiro modelo estudado inclui o termo CPT-ímpar de violação de Lorentz, ou termo de Carroll-Field-Jackiw no setor de gauge. As equações BPS, após uma transformação de escala nas coordenadas e uma redefinição apropriada dos campos, coincidem com as equações BPS para o modelo de Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs. A diferen¸ca aparece na lei de Gauss, a qual contem um parâmetro dependendo dos coeficientes de VL do setor de Higgs. Quando este parâmetro é fixado no valor 1, reproduzimos a lei de Gauss do modelo de MCSH. O segundo modelo estudado contem o termo de viola¸c ao de Lorentz CPT-par no setor eletromagnético. Este termo provê uma nova classe de vórtices topológicos. Neste caso os coeficientes de paridade ímpar acoplam os setores elétrico e magnético ainda no regime estacionário. Com o potencial BPS apropriado o modelo fornece vórtices BPS eletricamente carregados. Estas novas soluções para vórtices BPS também suportam inversão de campo elétrico e reversão do fluxo magnético localizada.
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Santos, Carlos Eduardo da Hora. "Estudo da consistência e soluções clássicas da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Carroll-Field- Jackiw-Proca." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1585.
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In this work, we investigate some significant aspects of the Maxwell-Carroll-Field- Jackiw-Proca (MCFJP) electrodynamics. This electrodynamics is built through the im- plementation of the Carroll-Field-Jackiw(CFJ) term on the Proca Lagrangian. The CFJ term is the CPT odd term of the gauge sector of the Standard Model Extension. First, we verify under which circumstances this model yields a consistent Quantum Field The- ory (QFT) capable of describing the interactions mediated by photons. In this sense, the propagator ‹Aα(k)Av (k)› is carried out, with the dispersion relations and associated propagation modes being determined. Then, we verify which of these modes are stable, causal and unitary. Only when the theory is causal, stable and unitary, we can say that it can be consistently quantized. It follows that the MCFJP electrodynamics is consistent only for a purely space-like background field, Vα = (0; v). A posteriori, we investigate the classical solutions (static and stationary) of MCFJP electrodynamics. The starting point is the wave equation for the gauge field A (r), which through the use of Green Method, yields explicit expressions for A (k). For a purely time-like background field, Vα= (v0; 0), an exponentially decreasing solution for the electric sector is obtained, equal to the Maxwell-Proca solution. Therefore, the background does not promote any change in electric sectors of the MCFJP and MCFJ electrodynamics. On the other hand, the magnetic sector is changed: for stationary currents, it displays an oscillating behavior [in Maxwell-Proca (MP) electrodynamics, these solutions have an exponentially decreasing behavior]. In the limitMA!0, we obtain the stationary field B(r) ofMCFJ electrodynam- ics (oscillating behavior), which is compatible with the emission of Cerenkov radiation. For a purely space-like background, V = (0; v), we obtain stationary solutions at second order in v, assuming v2 M2 A ; and v jj r. It appears that both magnetic and electric sectors display exponentially decreasing solutions, which recover those ones of the MP electrodynamics in the limit v → 0.
Neste trabalho, objetiva-se investigar significativos aspectos da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Carroll-Field-Jackiw-Proca (MCFJP). Esta eletrodinâmica é construída via a implementação de campos de fundo (backgrounds), responsáveis pela violação da invariância de Lorentz, no setor de gauge puro do Modelo Padrão usual. Primeiramente, averigua-se sob quais circunstâncias é possível a definição de uma Teoria Quântica de Campo (TQC) consistente, ou seja, capaz de descrever as interações mediadas por fótons. Neste ínterim, calcula-se o propagador ‹Aα(k)Av (k)›, relações de dispersão e modos de propagação associados. Em seguida, identifica-se quais destes modos são estáveis, cau- sais e unitários. Apenas quando a teoria é causal, estável e unitária, pode-se dizer que a mesma pode ser consistentemente quantizada. Conclui-se que a eletrodinâmica deMCFJP é consistente apenas apenas para o caso de um background tipo-espaço, Vα = (0; v). Na sequência, investiga-se as soluções clássicas (estáticas e estacionárias) para a eletrodinâmica de MCFJP. Calcula-se a equação de onda para o setor Av(r) e, via a implementação do Método de Green, expressões explícitas para Av(k). Para um background tipo-tempo, Vα= (v0; 0), resulta um setor elétrico exponencialmente decrescente. No limite MA!0, conclui-se que o background não promove alteração nos setores elétricos das eletrodinâmicas de MCFJP e MCFJ. Já o setor magnético é alterado: quando gerado por cargas em movimento estacionário, este exibe um comportamento oscilante [na eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Proca (MP), as soluções são exponencialmente decrescentes]. No limite MA→0, obtém-se o campo B(r) estacionário de MCFJ (comportamento oscilante), o qual é compatível com a emissão de radiação Cerenkov. Para um background tipo-espaço, Vα = (0; v), obtém-se soluções estacionárias em segunda ordem em v, e supondo v
r, v2≪ M2 A. Verifia-se que ambos os setores elétrico e magnético exibem soluções exponencialmente decrescentes, as quais, no limite v → 0, reproduzem aquelas da eletrodinâmica de MP.
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Cavalcanti, Malta Pedro [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäckel. "Spin-dependent potentials, axion-like particles and Lorentz-symmetry violation: beyond the Standard Model phenomenology at the low-energy frontier of physics / Pedro Cavalcanti Malta ; Betreuer: Jörg Jäckel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178009254/34.
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Cavalcanti, Malta Pedro [Verfasser], and Joerg [Akademischer Betreuer] Jaeckel. "Spin-dependent potentials, axion-like particles and Lorentz-symmetry violation: beyond the Standard Model phenomenology at the low-energy frontier of physics / Pedro Cavalcanti Malta ; Betreuer: Jörg Jäckel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-232604.
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Lorentz, Matthias. "Caractérisation de la transparence de l'univers aux rayons gamma de très haute énergie avec H.E.S.S. et aspects associés en physique fondamentale et cosmologie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS249/document.
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La propagation des rayons Ɣ de très haute énergie (E > 100GeV) dans l'univers est affectée par les propriétés du milieu extragalactique. Ces photons à l'échelle du TeV, issus des processus d'accélération de particules dans les noyaux actifs de galaxies, peuvent en effet interagir avec des photons du fond optique et infrarouge qui baignent l'univers et produire des paires d'électrons et de positrons. Ce processus réduit la transparence de l'univers aux rayons Ɣ de très haute énergie mais permet en revanche de sonder les propriétés du milieu extragalactique de façon unique. Dans cette thèse, les données prises par le réseau de télescopes à imagerie Tcherenkov atmosphérique H.E.S.S. sont analysées et utilisées afin de caractériser la transparence de l'univers aux rayons Ɣ de très haute énergie. Une mesure indépendante de la distribution spectrale en énergie du fond cosmologique optique et infrarouge est réalisée à travers l'ajustement des modulations observées dans les spectres en énergie obtenus avec H.E.S.S. pour un échantillon de noyaux actifs de galaxies brillants dans une gamme en redshift 0.03 < z < 0.28. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les limites inférieures dérivées par comptages de galaxies et ne suggèrent pas d'anomalie de la transparence de l'univers aux rayons Ɣ vis à vis des modèles actuels du fond de lumière extragalactique. Des processus de second ordre affectant la propagation des rayons Ɣ de très haute énergie sont également explorés. Des limites sur une brisure de la symétrie de Lorentz à l'échelle de Planck sont obtenues à partir de l'analyse spectrale du noyau actif Mrk 501 observé dans un état de flux exceptionnel par H.E.S.S. en 2014, à grand angle zénithal. Enfin, des contraintes sur le champ magnétique extragalactique sont dérivées en considérant l'émission Ɣ secondaire attendue à partir de simulations des cascades électromagnétiques initiées lors du processus d'absorption pour le noyau actif distant PG 1553+113 vu par H.E.S.S. et le télescope spatial Fermi. Cette thèse a également été l'occasion d'une participation aux développements de certains aspects de la calibration et de l'analyse des données de H.E.S.SThe propagation of very high energy Ɣ rays in the universe depends on the properties of the extragalactic medium. Such TeV-scale photons travelling cosmological distances are -emitted through particle acceleration mechanisms in active galaxy nuclei- can interact with the low-energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs. This effect reduces the transparency of the universe to very high energy Ɣ rays but it also provides a unique opportunity to probe the properties of the extragalactic medium. In this thesis, data taken with the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes are analyzed and used to characterize the transparency of the universe to very high energy Ɣ rays. A independent measurement of the spectral energy distribution of the EBL with H.E.S.S. is presented. It is obtained by extracting the EBL absorption signal from the fit of spectral modulations in the high-quality spectra of a sample of bright blazars in the redshift range 0.03 < z < 0.28. The intensity of the EBL obtained in different spectral bands is presented together with the associated Ɣ-ray horizon. The obtained results are consistent with lower limits derived from galaxy counts and do not suggest an anomaly of the transparency of the universe to Ɣ rays with respect to current models of the extragalactic background light. Second-order processes affecting the propagation of very high energy Ɣ rays in the universe are also considered. Limits on Lorentz invariance violation at Planck scale are obtained from the spectral analysis of the active galaxy nucleus Mrk 501 observed during a high-flux state by H.E.S.S. in 2014, at large zenith angle. Finally, constraints on the extragalactic magnetic field properties are derived by considering the secondary Ɣ-ray emission expected from the simulation of electromagnetic cascades initiated by the absorption process for the distant active galaxy nucleus PG 1553+113 seen by H.E.S.S. and the Fermi Ɣ-ray space telescope. In this thesis some developments related to the calibration and analysis of H.E.S.S. data are also presented
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Silva, José Euclides Gomes da. "Sobre modificações na estrutura geométrica em cenários de branas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8079.
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SILVA, José Euclides Gomes da. Sobre modificações na estrutura geométrica em cenários de branas. 2013. 130 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-05-16T21:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_jegsilva.pdf: 836100 bytes, checksum: c4765585f192ce0d02aa423186d47ae3 (MD5)
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This thesis presents our proposals for new braneworlds models. Some of the main open issues in high energy physics have interesting solutions assuming the space-time has more than four dimensions. For instance, the hierarchy problem between the eletroweak and the Planck scales, and the origin of the cosmological constant, find some solutions in the brane scenarios. Since these models are rather sensible on the geometrical structure of the multidimensional space time where the brane is embedded, our main goal is to analyze how the geometrical and physical properties of the braneworld and of fields living on it evolve under a geometrical flow in the transverse manifold. The first step was propose an smoothed string-like braneworld with a transverse resolved conifold. The resolution parameter changes the width of the well and the high of the barrier of the Kaluza-Klein modes. Further, the source of this warped solution has different phases depending on the resolution parameter. The massless modes for the scalar, gauge and spinor fields are only well-behaved on the brane for non singular configurations. Another smooth geometrical flow studied was the so-called Ricci flow. This flux posses diffeomorphic invariant solutions called Ricci solitons which are extremals of the energy and entropy functionals. An important two-dimensional Ricci soliton with axial symmetry is the cigar soliton. A warped product between a 3-brane and the cigar soliton turns to be an interior and exterior string-like solution satisfying the dominant energy condition and that supports a massless gravitational mode trapped to the brane. The last geometric modification proposed was the locally Lorentz symmetry violation through a Finsler geometry approach. This anisotropic differential geometry has been intensely studied in last years. We have chosen the so-called bipartite space where the length of the events is measure using the metric and another symmetric tensor called bipartite tensor. We have shown the bipartite space deforms the causal surface to an elliptic cone and provides an anisotropy into the inertia of a particle. By means of an extended Einstein-Hilbert action we have shown an analogy between the bipartite space and the bumblebee and bipartite models which are effective Lorentz violating models in curved space times.
A presente tese apresenta nossas propostas de estensões dos modelos de mundo Branas. Alguns dos principais problemas em aberto em física de partículas, como o problema da hieraquia entre as escalas de Planck e eletrofraca, e da cosmologia como a origem da matéria escura e o valor da constante cosmológica, encontram soluções nos cenários de branas. Uma vez que tais modelos são extremamente sensíveis à estrutura geométrica do espaço-tempo ambiente multidimensional no qual a brana está imersa, noss ideia básica é analisar como as propriedades da brana e dos campos que vivem no seu entorno mudam quando alteramos a estrutura geométrica do espaço ambiente. Nosso primeiro passo foi uma estensão do cenário de de brana tipo-corda em seis dimensões onde a variedade transversa é uma seção do cone resolvido. O parâmetro de resolução do cone, que controla a singularidade na origem, também altera a largura dos modos sem massa de um campo escalar e do potencial confinante dos modos Kaluza-Klein. Também analisamos as condições de energia da fonte que passa por diferentes fases durante o fluxo de resolução. Estudamos ainda como este fluxo modifica as propriedades dos campos vetoriais e espinoriais neste cenário. Em seguida, propusemos um novo fluxo geométrico para a variedade transversa. O chamado fluxo de Ricci possui soluções invariantes por difeomorfismos chamadas sólitons de Ricci. Tais soluções têm a propriedade de extremizar grandezas durante esse fluxo, como os funcionais energia e entropia. Uma solução particularmente importante e estacionária deste fluxo é o chamado sóliton charuto de Hamilton que possui simetria axial. Definimos uma variedade produto não-fatorizável entre uma 3-brana e um sóliton de Hamilton resultando em uma solução tipo-corda regular que satisfaz a condição de energia dominante e tem um modo gravitacional não massivo localizado. Outra modificação geométrica proposta foi a Violação da simetria de Lorentz através da introdução de uma estrutura métrica localmente anisotrópica, a chamada geometria de Finsler. Tal abordagem tem sido objeto recente de vários estudos. Escolhemos uma estrutura finsleriana recentemente proposta, chamada bipartite, onde o comprimento dos eventos é calculado não somente com a métrica Lorentziana mas também com uma outra forma bilinear simétrica. O cone de luz desta geometria é deformado para um cone elíptico cujas inclinações das geratrizes dependem dos autovalores do tensor bipartite. Outra propriedade deste espaço-tempo é a de modificar a relação entre o 4-momentum e a 4-velocidade gerando um tensor de inércia. Através de uma ação de Einstein-Hilbert finsleriana em um limite de baixa dependência direcional, encontramos uma analogia entre essa geometria e os modelos bumblebee e aether, que descrevem efetivamente a quebra da simetria de Lorentz em espaços curvos.
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REIS, João Alfíeres Andrade de Simões dos. "Teoria de Dirac modificada no Modelo Padrão Estendido não-mínimo." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/2024.
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CAPES.
For the recent years, there has been a growing interest in Lorentz-violating theories. Studies have been carried out addressing the inclusion of Lorentz-violating terms into the Standard Model (SM). This has led to the development of the Standard Model Extension (SME), which is a framework containing modifications that are power-counting renormalizable and consistent with the gauge structure of the SM. More recently, a nonminimal version of the SME was developed for the photon, neutrino, and fermion sector additionally including higher-derivative terms. One of the new properties of this nonminimal version is the lost of renormalizability. In this work, we study the main aspects of a modified Dirac theory in the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension. We focus on two types of operators namely, pseudovector and two-tensor operators. These two operators display an unusual property; they break the degeneracy of spin. This new property becomes manifest in providing two di erent dispersion relations, one for each spin projection. To solve the Dirac equation modified by those operators, we introduce a new method that was suggested by Kostelecký and Mewes in a recent research paper. This method allows to block-diagonalizing the modified Dirac equation and, thus, permits us to obtain the spinors. The objectives of the current work are as follows. First, we will review the main concepts for understanding the SME. Second, we will introduce how to extend the minimal fermion sector to the nonminimal one. Third, we will describe the method that block-diagonalizes the modified Dirac equation and we will compute the field equations. And,finally, we will get the exact dispersion relations and the spinor solutions for operators of arbitrary mass dimension.
Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento significativo no interesse em teorias que violam a simetria de Lorentz. Estudos têm sido realizados na tentativa de incluir termos que violam a simetria de Lorentz no Modelo Padrão (MP). Esta tentativa culminou no surgimento do chamado Modelo Padrão Estendido (MPE). Este modelo contempla todas as possíveis modificações que são consistentes com as propriedades já bem estabelecidas, tais como renormalizabilidade e a estrutura de gauge do MP. Mais recentemente, uma versão não-mínima do MPE foi desenvolvida para os setores dos fótons, neutrinos e para os férmions. Esta versão não-mínima caracteriza-se pela presença de altas derivadas. Uma das novas propriedades nesta versão não-mínima é a perda da renormalizabilidade. Neste trabalho, estudamos os principais aspectos da teoria de Dirac modi cada no MPE não-mínimo. Nós nos concentramos em dois tipos de operadores a saber, operadores pseudovetoriais e tensoriais. Estes dois operadores exibem uma propriedade incomum, eles quebram a degenerescência de spin. Esta nova propriedade manifesta-se, por exemplo, na presença de duas relações de dispersão diferentes, uma para cada projeção do spin. Para resolver a equação de Dirac modi cada por esses operadores, introduzimos um novo método que foi sugerido por Kostelecký e Mewes em um trabalho recente. Este método permite bloco-diagonalizar a equação de Dirac modi cada e, assim, nos fornece uma nova maneira de obter os espinores. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são os seguintes. Primeiro, iremos rever alguns conceitos essenciais para o entendimento do MPE. Segundo, apresentaremos a extens ão do setor fermiônico mínimo para o não-mínimo. Terceiro, descreveremos o método que bloco-diagonaliza a equação de Dirac modi cada e calcularemos as equações de campo. Por fim, calcularemos as relações de dispersão exatas e as soluções espinoriais para cada configuração não-mínima dos operadores citados.
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Yokoo, Seiichiro. "Model for a fundamental theory with supersymmetry." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1182.
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GUBITOSI, GIULIA. "Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization as a Test for Fundamental Physics." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917717.
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We study and constrain quantum-gravity-inspired models that violate classical Lorentz spacetime symmetries using CMB polarization data. This work contains both a theoretical work developing a specific model for Planck-scale Lorentz-violating electrodynamics and a phenomenological work deducing the observable consequences for CMB polarization and giving constraints on the model.
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Wu, Yu-Chen, and 吳瑜澄. "Neutrino Oscillations and Lorentz Violation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9s9r59.
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碩士國立交通大學
物理研究所
105
In the theory of neutrino oscillations, matter effect in two-flavor neutrino situation has been solved exactly. The mixing angle can be redefined and oscillation probability can be calculated by exact formulas. However, there are three flavor neutrinos in Standard Model. Under this circumstance, we can no longer write down elegant formulas to redefine three mixing angles or calculate oscillation probabilities for matter effect solutions. Lorentz symmetry, a fundamental symmetry in particle physics and general theory of relativity, could be broken at or below the Plank scale as predicted by some string models. This Lorentz violation phenomenon would contribute some Lorentz violation parameters to the Hamiltonian of neutrino oscillations. Neutrino oscillation is regarded as a powerful tool to probe the Lorentz violation. To understand how matter effect and Lorentz violation parameters affect the eigenvalues, mixing matrix and oscillation probabilities, we develop a new approximation method to calculate these terms when we consider matter effect and Lorentz violation. Through this new expansion, we find that adding matter effect and Lorentz violation effect would make a change on all three mixing angles at low energy scale. While in the case of ultra-high-energy limit and dominance, the second order approximation of probabilities we obtaining is the same as the equations calculated by solution formulas that are more tedious and time consuming.
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Bolokhov, Pavel Anatolievich. "Lorentz violation in quantum field theory." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/238.
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There are hints coming from some scenarios of modern String and Quantum Gravity theories that Lorentz invariance may not be an exact symmetry of Nature. The study of Lorentz violating theories therefore provides an insight into ultraviolet physics. We employ the Effective Field Theory technique to study the most general extension of the Standard
Model and its Supersymmetric modifications with Lorentz-violating interactions of mass dimension five. We provide a complete classification of the interactions in these theories and determine a typical experimental sensitivity to the size of Lorentz violation.
A detailed study of the operators that induce CPT-odd Electric Dipole Moments is performed and it is shown that they yield an independent constraint on Lorentz violating physics. We provide an application of Lorentz violating physics to the problem of generation of baryon asymmetry of the universe. A scenario of Leptogenesis driven by CPT-odd interactions is considered and confronted with experimental constraints on Lorentz-violating physics.
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Tam, Heywood. "An Investigation of Spontaneous Lorentz Violation and Cosmic Inflation." Thesis, 2010. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/5851/1/My_thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis we re-examine two established ideas in theoretical physics: Lorentz invariance and cosmic inflation.
In the first four chapters, we (i) propose a way to hide large extra dimensions by coupling standard model fields with Lorentz-violating tensor fields with expectation values along the extra dimensions; (ii) examine the stability of theories in which Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken by fixed-norm `aether' fields; (iii) investigate the phenomenological properties of the sigma-model aether theory; and (iv) explore the implications of an alternative theory of gravity in which the graviton arises from the Goldstone modes of a two-index symmetric aether field.
In the final chapter, we examine the horizon and flatness problems using the canonical measure (developed by Gibbons, Hawking, and Stewart) on the space of solutions to Einstein's equations. We find that the flatness problem does not exist, while the homogeneity of our universe does represent a substantial fine-tuning. Based on the assumption of unitary evolution (Liouville's theorem), we further dispute the widely accepted claim that inflation makes our universe more natural.