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Статті в журналах з теми "Long-term sampling"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 лютого 2024

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1

Agranovski, I. E., A. S. Safatov, O. V. Pyankov, A. A. Sergeev, A. N. Sergeev, and S. A. Grinshpun. "Long-Term Sampling of Viable Airborne Viruses." Aerosol Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (September 2005): 912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786820500297012.

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2

Takahashi, H. "Long-term blood-sampling technique in piglets." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865539.

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A technique to enable long-term blood sampling from piglets aged 2-3 months is described. Piglets were housed individually in expandable cages and a heparinized polyurethane catheter was inserted into the external jugular vein. A technique was used which prevented the catheter from pulling out of the vein with growth of the animals. Blood samples could be obtained for more than 1 month, and levels of cortisol, glucose, white blood cell count, haematocrit, rectal temperature and heart rate were compared for samples obtained from simulated conventional venepunctures and from the cannula using this technique. It was shown that restraint and needle pricks raised these levels considerably.

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3

O'Byrne, K. T. "Long-term blood sampling technique in the marmoset." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780864475.

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A simple and reliable method for long-term blood sampling from the restrained marmoset is described. Cannulae were chronically inserted into the internal jugular vein, exteriorized and housed in a backpack system. The cannulae remained patent for 1-7 months. This system allows for rapid collection of blood samples and hence detailed analysis of circulating hormone levels.

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4

Chao, Edward C. "Gibbs Sampling for Long-Term Survival Data with Competing Risks." Biometrics 54, no. 1 (March 1998): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2534022.

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5

Frerichs, Kai U., Perttu J. Lindsberg, John M. Hallenbeck, and Giora Z. Feuerstein. "Long-Term Sampling of Cerebral Venous Blood in Conscious Rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 6 (December 1989): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.125.

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The mechanisms of secondary brain damage following cerebral ischemia or CNS trauma are still unknown. A variety of mediators, released by the injured brain, are held to be responsible for delayed neuronal cell damage. No technique is available yet for repeated sampling of cerebral venous blood (CVB) on a long-term basis, which allows to assess the neurobiochemical responses to brain injury chronically in conscious laboratory animals. This is a report on the establishment of a method to sample CVB from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) for at least 7 days in conscious freely moving rats. The torcular was exposed for implantation of a catheter into the caudal SSS. Patency was preserved by perfusion with a nonsystemic dose of heparin by an Alzet osmotic pump and verified daily by aspirating of 0.5 ml CVB for blood analysis. No neuropathology was seen in histological examination. The rats appeared comfortable and without distress, and the transient weight loss was rapidly regained. The present model provides the opportunity to evaluate acute or chronic neurobiochemical responses to stroke, CNS trauma, or any other type of brain injury in the conscious rat.

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6

Mehta, M., C. Down, and A. Sau. "Long term pregnancy outcome following amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 97, Suppl 1 (April 2012): A17.3—A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301809.53.

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7

Yang, Seongyeop, Byeongkeun Kang, and Yeejin Lee. "Sampling Agnostic Feature Representation for Long-Term Person Re-Identification." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 31 (2022): 6412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3207024.

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8

Bradley, David C., and S. J. Ormerod. "Evaluating the precision of kick-sampling in upland streams for assessments of long-term change: the effects of sampling effort, habitat and rarity fig: 5 tab: 5." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 155, no. 2 (December 9, 2002): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/155/2002/199.

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9

RILEY, JANET. "DESIGN PERSPECTIVES IN LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTATION." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (April 2000): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700002039.

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The aims and design features of historic long-term experiments are discussed and modern perceptions are presented of long-term studies to address sustainability and research impact in farming communities. A research strategy is proposed combining on-station and on-farm research whose results influence dynamically the directions of the component studies. Guidelines are given for choosing well-controlled designs, appropriate data and sampling procedures and for maintaining quality control in data collection and indicator formation over anticipated lengthy periods of time.

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10

Langlet, D., E. Geslin, C. Baal, E. Metzger, F. Lejzerowicz, B. Riedel, M. Zuschin, J. Pawlowski, M. Stachowitsch, and F. J. Jorissen. "Foraminiferal survival after long term experimentally induced anoxia." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2013): 9243–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-9243-2013.

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Abstract. Anoxia has been successfully induced in four benthic chambers installed on the Northern Adriatic seafloor from 1 week to 10 months. To accurately determine whether benthic foraminifera can survive experimentally induced prolonged anoxia, the CellTrackerGreen method has been applied. Numerous individuals have been found living at all sampling times and at all sampling depths, showing that benthic foraminifera can survive up to 10 months of anoxia with co-occurring hydrogen sulphides. However, foraminiferal standing stocks decrease with sampling time in an irregular way. A large difference in standing stock between two cores samples in initial conditions indicates the presence of a large spatial heterogeneity of the foraminiferal faunas. An unexpected increase in standing stocks after 1 month is tentatively interpreted as a reaction to increased food availability due to the massive mortality of infaunal macrofaunal organisms. After this, standing stocks decrease again in a core sampled after 2 months of anoxia, to attain a minimum in the cores sampled after 10 months. We speculate that the trend of overall decrease of standing stocks is not due to the adverse effects of anoxia and hydrogen sulphides, but rather due to a continuous diminution of labile organic matter.

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11

Montoya, Ricardo, Oded Netzer, and Kamel Jedidi. "Dynamic Allocation of Pharmaceutical Detailing and Sampling for Long-Term Profitability." Marketing Science 29, no. 5 (September 2010): 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1100.0570.

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12

Brown, V. M., D. R. Crump, D. Gardiner, and C. W. F. Yu. "Long term diffusive sampling of volatile organic compounds in indoor air." Environmental Technology 14, no. 8 (August 1993): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339309385348.

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13

Hassan, Md Zahidul, Wahid Quabili, Mohammad Zobair, Bob Baulch, and Agnes R. Quisumbing. "Sampling and survey design of the Bangladesh long-term impact study." Journal of Development Effectiveness 3, no. 2 (June 2011): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2011.570451.

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14

Kot, Agata, Bożena Zabiegała, and Jacek Namieśnik. "Passive sampling for long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in water." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 19, no. 7 (July 2000): 446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(99)00223-x.

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15

Frati, Luisa, and Giorgio Brunialti. "Long-Term Biomonitoring with Lichens: Comparing Data from Different Sampling Procedures." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 119, no. 1-3 (June 2, 2006): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9032-5.

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16

Hewitt, J. E., and S. F. Thrush. "Effective Long-term Ecological Monitoring Using Spatially and Temporally Nested Sampling." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 133, no. 1-3 (February 1, 2007): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9584-z.

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17

Mou, Xiaodun, Michelle R. Lennartz, Daniel J. Loegering, and Julie A. Stenken. "Long-term calibration considerations during subcutaneous microdialysis sampling in mobile rats." Biomaterials 31, no. 16 (June 2010): 4530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.016.

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18

Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Verena M. Trenkel, Martin Daufresne, Anthony Maire, Hervé Capra, Jean-Michel Olivier, Jérémy Lobry, Bernard Cazelles, and Nicolas Lamouroux. "Interpretation of interannual variability in long-term aquatic ecological surveys." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 5 (May 2020): 894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0146.

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Long-term ecological surveys (LTES) often exhibit strong variability among sampling dates. The use and interpretation of such interannual variability is challenging due to the combination of multiple processes involved and sampling uncertainty. Here, we analysed the interannual variability in ∼30 years of 150 species density (fish and invertebrate) and environmental observation time series in four aquatic systems (stream, river, estuary, and marine continental shelf) with different sampling efforts to identify the information provided by this variability. We tested, using two empirical methods, whether we could observe simultaneous fluctuation between detrended time series corresponding to widely acknowledged assumptions about aquatic population dynamics: spatial effects, cohort effects, and environmental effects. We found a low number of significant results (36%, 9%, and 0% for spatial, cohort, and environmental effects, respectively), suggesting that sampling uncertainty overrode the effects of biological processes. Our study does not question the relevance of LTES for detecting important trends, but clearly indicates that the statistical power to interpret interannual variations in aquatic species densities is low, especially in large systems where the degree of sampling effort is always limited.

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19

Lin, Ying. "A New Long-Term Forecast Method of Wind Power." Advanced Materials Research 950 (June 2014): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.214.

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We forecast wind power in a way combining wavelet neutral network and rolling forecast. At the same time, we build a system of forecast deviation. Then we use some data to test our model, which yields a desirable result. In addition, we are informed that our method can predict wind power correctly in a long time and short sampling interval can lead to a better result than long sampling interval.

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20

Smith, A., M. Cohen, G. den Dulk, and A. Guirguis. "Chorionic villus sampling—short-term versus long-term culture in a subtle 2; 18 translocation." Prenatal Diagnosis 9, no. 3 (March 1989): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.1970090312.

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21

Karion, A., C. Sweeney, S. Wolter, T. Newberger, H. Chen, A. Andrews, J. Kofler, D. Neff, and P. Tans. "Long-term greenhouse gas measurements from aircraft." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 5 (October 2, 2012): 7341–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-7341-2012.

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Abstract. In March 2009 the NOAA/ESRL/GMD Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group collaborated with the US Coast Guard (USCG) to establish the Alaska Coast Guard (ACG) sampling site, a unique addition to NOAA's atmospheric monitoring network. This collaboration takes advantage of USCG bi-weekly Arctic Domain Awareness (ADA) flights, conducted with Hercules C-130 aircraft from March to November each year. NOAA has installed window-replacement inlet plates on two USCG C-130 aircraft and deploys a pallet with NOAA instrumentation on each ADA flight. Flights typically last 8 h and cover a very large area, traveling from Kodiak, AK in the south up to Barrow, AK in the north, and making altitude profiles near the coast as well as in the interior. NOAA instrumentation on each flight includes: a flask sampling system, a continuous CO2/CH4/CO/H2O analyzer, a continuous ozone analyzer, and an ambient temperature and humidity sensor. GPS time and location from the aircraft's navigation system are also collected. Air samples collected in flight are analyzed at NOAA/ESRL for the major greenhouse gases and a variety of halocarbons and hydrocarbons that influence climate, stratospheric ozone, and air quality. Instruments on this aircraft are designed and deployed to be able to collect air samples and data autonomously, so that NOAA personnel visit the site only for installation at the beginning of each season. We present an assessment of the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) CO2/CH4/CO/H2O analyzer performance operating on an aircraft over a three-year period. We describe the overall system for making accurate greenhouse gas measurements using a CRDS analyzer on an aircraft with minimal operator interaction. Short and long-term stability of the CRDS analyzer over a seven-month deployment period is better than 0.15 ppm, 2 ppb, and 5 ppb for CO2, CH4, CO respectively, considering differences of on-board reference tank measurements from a laboratory calibration performed prior to deployment. This stability is not affected by variation in pressure or temperature during flight. Biases and standard deviations of comparisons with flask samples suggest that atmospheric variability, flask-to-flask variability, and possible flask sampling biases may be driving biases in the comparison between flasks and in-situ CRDS measurements.

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22

Karion, A., C. Sweeney, S. Wolter, T. Newberger, H. Chen, A. Andrews, J. Kofler, D. Neff, and P. Tans. "Long-term greenhouse gas measurements from aircraft." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-511-2013.

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Abstract. In March 2009 the NOAA/ESRL/GMD Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group collaborated with the US Coast Guard (USCG) to establish the Alaska Coast Guard (ACG) sampling site, a unique addition to NOAA's atmospheric monitoring network. This collaboration takes advantage of USCG bi-weekly Arctic Domain Awareness (ADA) flights, conducted with Hercules C-130 aircraft from March to November each year. Flights typically last 8 h and cover a large area, traveling from Kodiak up to Barrow, Alaska, with altitude profiles near the coast and in the interior. NOAA instrumentation on each flight includes a flask sampling system, a continuous cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) carbon dioxide (CO2)/methane (CH4)/carbon monoxide (CO)/water vapor (H2O) analyzer, a continuous ozone analyzer, and an ambient temperature and humidity sensor. Air samples collected in flight are analyzed at NOAA/ESRL for the major greenhouse gases and a variety of halocarbons and hydrocarbons that influence climate, stratospheric ozone, and air quality. We describe the overall system for making accurate greenhouse gas measurements using a CRDS analyzer on an aircraft with minimal operator interaction and present an assessment of analyzer performance over a three-year period. Overall analytical uncertainty of CRDS measurements in 2011 is estimated to be 0.15 ppm, 1.4 ppb, and 5 ppb for CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, considering short-term precision, calibration uncertainties, and water vapor correction uncertainty. The stability of the CRDS analyzer over a seven-month deployment period is better than 0.15 ppm, 2 ppb, and 4 ppb for CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, based on differences of on-board reference tank measurements from a laboratory calibration performed prior to deployment. This stability is not affected by variation in pressure or temperature during flight. We conclude that the uncertainty reported for our measurements would not be significantly affected if the measurements were made without in-flight calibrations, provided ground calibrations and testing were performed regularly. Comparisons between in situ CRDS measurements and flask measurements are consistent with expected measurement uncertainties for CH4 and CO, but differences are larger than expected for CO2. Biases and standard deviations of comparisons with flask samples suggest that atmospheric variability, flask-to-flask variability, and possible flask sampling biases may be driving the observed flask versus in situ CO2 differences rather than the CRDS measurements.

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23

Anwar, Tezza Adriansyah, Wendra Rasyad, and Indarti Trimurtini. "INTENTION IN USING LONG-TERM CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS." Journal of Business Studies and Mangement Review 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v5i1.15803.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and interest in long-term contraceptive methods among couples of reproductive age in Cimahi, as well as how much knowledge influences interest in using long-term contraceptive methods. Explanatory research is used in research. A sample of 400 respondents was distributed to respondents in Cimahi who still use short-term contraceptive methods. The sampling technique used is quota sampling, which is distributed in 3 sub-districts in Cimahi. Questionnaires were distributed online and offline. The majority of respondents already know about long-term contraceptives, especially intrauterine devices. However, they are less interested in using it. This is due to the perception of the high cost of installation. But they are basically willing to use it if the cost is free. Knowledge is quite closely related to intention, which means that if knowledge is increased, the respondent's intention will also increase. Optimizing the roles of health workers, field instructors, and relatives in disseminating information related to long-term contraceptives can be done to increase knowledge. Correcting the information on the myths that have been circulating in the community can be done by involving a third party who is believed to be able to correct the incorrect myth. Corporate Social Responsibility activities from companies in Cimahi or community service from universities engaged in the health sector in collaboration with the local government to eliminate the cost of installing contraceptives can be carried out to increase their use.

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24

TANIGAKI, Yusuke, and Shogo MORIYUKI. "Oscillating Gene Expression Analysis by Long-term Sampling of Plant Factory Lettuce." Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku 32, no. 3 (2020): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/shita.32.160.

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25

Justus, Alan L. "How Long to Air Sample? Practical Considerations for Short-Term Air Sampling." Health Physics 101 (August 2011): S104—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0b013e318204aa78.

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26

Kvasnica, Milan. "Short and Long Term Sampling of Micro and Macro Displacements in Robotics." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2009): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10147-010-0046-9.

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27

Irvine, Gail V., and Alice Shelly. "Sampling design for long-term regional trends in marine rocky intertidal communities." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 8 (February 19, 2013): 6963–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3078-6.

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28

Rotenberg, Ohad, Georgios Doulaveris, Dmitry Fridman, Malte Renz, Julie Kaplan, Xianhong Xie, Gary L. Goldberg, and Pe’er Dar. "Long-term outcome of postmenopausal women with proliferative endometrium on endometrial sampling." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 223, no. 6 (December 2020): 896.e1–896.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.045.

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29

Rotenberg, Ohad, Georgios Doulaveris, Dmitry Fridman, Malte Renz, Julie Kaplan, Xianhong Xie, Gary L. Goldberg, and Pe'er Dar. "Long-Term Outcome of Postmenopausal Women With Proliferative Endometrium on Endometrial Sampling." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 75, no. 11 (November 2020): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000720160.17777.a4.

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30

Bertoni, Giuliano, Carla Ciuchini, and Remo Tappa. "Measurement of long-term average carbon dioxide concentrations using passive diffusion sampling." Atmospheric Environment 38, no. 11 (April 2004): 1625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.010.

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31

Douda, Jan, Jana Doudová, Anežka Holeštová, Markéta Chudomelová, Ondřej Vild, Karel Boublík, Marie Černá, et al. "Historical sampling error: A neglected factor in long-term biodiversity change research." Biological Conservation 286 (October 2023): 110317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110317.

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32

Beheshti, Kathryn M., Rachel S. Smith, Peter Raimondi, and Daniel Reed. "Sensitivity analysis to reduce sampling effort of a long-term monitoring program." Ecological Indicators 158 (January 2024): 111585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111585.

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33

Tezanos-Pinto, G., and CS Baker. "Short-term reactions and long-term responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to remote biopsy sampling." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (March 2012): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2011.583256.

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34

Faith, Jeremiah J., Janaki L. Guruge, Mark Charbonneau, Sathish Subramanian, Henning Seedorf, Andrew L. Goodman, Jose C. Clemente, et al. "The Long-Term Stability of the Human Gut Microbiota." Science 341, no. 6141 (July 4, 2013): 1237439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237439.

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Анотація:

A low-error 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing method, in combination with whole-genome sequencing of >500 cultured isolates, was used to characterize bacterial strain composition in the fecal microbiota of 37 U.S. adults sampled for up to 5 years. Microbiota stability followed a power-law function, which when extrapolated suggests that most strains in an individual are residents for decades. Shared strains were recovered from family members but not from unrelated individuals. Sampling of individuals who consumed a monotonous liquid diet for up to 32 weeks indicated that changes in strain composition were better predicted by changes in weight than by differences in sampling interval. This combination of stability and responsiveness to physiologic change confirms the potential of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target.

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35

Karyono, Almanda Vallerie, Amelia Limijaya, and Yanthi Hutagaol-Martowidjojo. "Long-Term Effect of IPO Underpricing on Aftermarket Liquidity." E3S Web of Conferences 426 (2023): 02097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342602097.

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This research examines the long-term effect of IPO underpricing on the aftermarket liquidity for firms that decided to go public on the IDX between the period of 2016 to 2019. Additionally, this research also employs firm size, ownership structure, firm performance, and underwriter reputation as control variables. The sampling method used is a purposive sampling method and a total of 122 companies listed on the IDX’s main and development boards are used as the research samples. The method of analysis used is the multiple regression analysis. The result suggests that IPO underpricing does have a positive effect on aftermarket liquidity when a simple regression is conducted. However, its significance on liquidity is taken over by firm size when multiple regression is performed. The result might suggest that IPO underpricing is no longer relevant in the aftermarket liquidity since there is more information revealed within 12 months after the IPO. Nevertheless, result should be interpreted cautiously due to relatively small sample size, which may warrant further studies.

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36

Mackay, A. D., and D. A. Costall. "Long-term changes in soil fertility in hill country." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3271.

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It has been more than 10 years since the last comprehensive soil sampling of the long term phosphorus (P) fertiliser and sheep grazing farmlet study established at the AgResearch Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station in 1975. This paper reports the findings from a sampling in October 2014 of the soils in the farmlets that have had no fertiliser since 1980 (LFNF), received 125 kg/ha/year of superphosphate since 1980 (LFLF) or 375 kg/ha/year of superphosphate since 1980 (HFHF). Increases in total P levels in the soil reflect the differences in P inputs between the LFNF, LFLF and HFHF farmlets over the last 40 years. In sharp contrast total sulphur (S) levels in soils have showed little change, despite the large amounts of sulphur applied in superphosphate each year. Exchangeable calcium (Ca) levels have increased on the farmlets receiving fertiliser, reflecting the Ca inputs in superphosphate, while magnesium (Mg) levels are lower in the HFHF farmlet. Potassium has shown little change, with the exception of increases on low slope areas in the HFHF farmlet. Olsen P levels have not changed in the topsoil (0-75 mm) in the HFHF since the 2003 sampling, despite annual P inputs in excess of maintenance. The absence of any change might be explained by the finding that P is accumulating in large amounts in the 75-150 mm soil depths on low slopes in the HFHF farmlet. This finding was unexpected serving to highlight the insights these long-term experimental studies provide to both science and industry. Keywords: Long term fertiliser study, P fertiliser, Olsen P, soil fertility

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37

Kidd, Jess A., Monica Boudreau, Robert C. Bailey, Michael R. van den Heuvel, Mark R. Servos, and Simon C. Courtenay. "Evaluating the Sampling Design of a Long-Term Community-Based Estuary Monitoring Program." Fishes 6, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6030027.

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Community-based monitoring programs (CBMPs) are a cost-effective option to collect the long-term data required to effectively monitor estuaries. Data quality concerns have caused some CBMP datasets, which could fill knowledge gaps for aquatic ecosystems, to go unused. The Community Aquatic Monitoring Program (CAMP) is a CBMP that has collected littoral nekton assemblage data from estuaries in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence since 2003. Concerns with the CAMP sampling design (station placement and numbers) have prevented decision-makers from using the data to inform estuary health assessments. This study tested if CAMP’s sampling design that accommodates volunteer participation provides similar information as a scientific sampling approach. Six CAMP stations and six stations selected using a stratified random design were sampled at ten estuaries. A permutational-MANOVA revealed nekton assemblages were generally not significantly different between the two sampling designs. The current six CAMP stations are sufficient to detect the larger differences in species abundances that may indicate differences in estuary condition. The predicted increase in precision (2%) with twelve stations is not substantive enough to warrant an increased sampling effort. CAMP’s scientific utility is not limited by station selection bias or numbers. Furthermore, well-designed CBMPs can produce comparable data to scientific studies.

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38

Awad, Simon I., Michael H. Farhoud, Riad K. Abu Saada, and Przemysław Busse. "Long-term bird ringing in Palestine." Ring 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ring-2017-0003.

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Abstract This paper reports the results of mist-netting of birds, mainly passerines, at the Talitha Kumi ringing site by the Environmental Education Center (EEC), supported by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land. Bird catching/ringing has been conducted there since 2000, but the data presented here are limited to ten years of work (2004-2013), mainly for compatibility reasons. During this time 6,810 individuals of 70 species were caught, of which 16 migrants and 8 local species caught most frequently are discussed. Data on seasonal (all year) and long-term (10-year) dynamics are given. The following general conclusions were drawn: (1) Even infrequent sampling of the local population by netting provides important information on seasonal and long-term patterns and trends; (2) the same is true of migrating species, provided that the work is carried out using the same methods over a long time span; (3) in migrants, very differentiated relations are observed between numbers of individuals caught during the spring and autumn migration seasons; (4) during the ten years of the study negative trends in the number of captured birds were observed for 14 species, including significantly negative trends for 4 species, while positive trends were observed for 10, none of which was significant.

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39

Lagosha, Daniil, Nikolay Volkov, and Ivan Sokolov. "CONE PENETRATION TESTING AND SAMPLING OF FROZEN SOILS." Gruntovedenie 1, no. 16 (January 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53278/2306-9139-2021-1-16-53-64.

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The article provides the analysis of the results of the permafrost soils field and laboratory tests. The undisturbed permafrost samples were collected using cone penetration testing (CPT) equipment and MOSTAP sampler. The sampling technology using CPT equipment was applied on permafrost soils for the first time. The full scope of tests for physical properties were carried out on the collected samples. Based on the test results, several engineering-geological elements (EGE) were identified and confirmed, one of which is composed of frozen silty clay. The results of statistical data processing were compared. The data on the coefficient of variation of the values of the ultimate long-term resistivity of soils against cone penetration (characteristic of long-term strength) for the frozen EGE are presented.

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40

Langlet, D., E. Geslin, C. Baal, E. Metzger, F. Lejzerowicz, B. Riedel, M. Zuschin, J. Pawlowski, M. Stachowitsch, and F. J. Jorissen. "Foraminiferal survival after long-term in situ experimentally induced anoxia." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2013): 7463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7463-2013.

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Abstract. Anoxia was successfully induced in four benthic chambers installed at 24 m depth on the northern Adriatic seafloor from 9 days to 10 months. To accurately determine whether benthic foraminifera can survive experimentally induced prolonged anoxia, the CellTrackerTM Green method was applied and calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera were analyzed. Numerous individuals were found living at all sampling times and at all sampling depths (to 5 cm), supported by a ribosomal RNA analysis that revealed that certain benthic foraminifera were active after 10 months of anoxia. The results show that benthic foraminifera can survive up to 10 months of anoxia with co-occurring hydrogen sulfides. However, foraminiferal standing stocks decrease with sampling time in an irregular manner. A large difference in standing stock between two cores sampled under initial conditions indicates the presence of a large spatial heterogeneity of the foraminiferal faunas. An unexpected increase in standing stocks after one month is tentatively interpreted as a reaction to increased food availability due to the massive mortality of infaunal macrofaunal organisms. After this, standing stocks decrease again in cores sampled after 2 months of anoxia to then attain a minimum in the cores sampled after 10 months. We speculate that the trend of overall decrease of standing stocks is not due to the adverse effects of anoxia and hydrogen sulfides but rather due to a continuous diminution of labile organic matter.

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41

Hirose, Masafumi, Yukari N. Takayabu, Atsushi Hamada, Shoichi Shige, and Munehisa K. Yamamoto. "Impact of Long-Term Observation on the Sampling Characteristics of TRMM PR Precipitation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 3 (March 2017): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0115.1.

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AbstractObservations of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR) over 16 yr yielded hundreds of large precipitation systems (≥100 km) for each 0.1° grid over major rainy regions. More than 90% of the rainfall was attributed to large systems over certain midlatitude regions such as La Plata basin and the East China Sea. The accumulation of high-impact snapshots reduced the significant spatial fluctuation of the rain fraction arising from large systems and allowed the obtaining of sharp images of the geographic rainfall pattern. Widespread systems were undetected over low-rainfall areas such as regions off Peru. Conversely, infrequent large systems brought a significant percentage of rainfall over semiarid tropics such as the Sahel. This demonstrated an increased need for regional sampling of extreme phenomena. Differences in data collected over a period of 16 yr were used to examine sampling adequacy. The results indicated that more than 10% of the 0.1°-scale sampling error accounted for half of the TRMM domain even for a 10-yr data accumulation period. Rainfall at the 0.1° scale was negatively biased in the first few years for over more than half of the areas because of a lack of high-impact samples. The areal fraction of the 0.1°-scale climatology with a 50% accuracy exceeded 95% in the ninth year and in the fifth year for those areas with rainfall >2 mm day−1. A monotonic increase in the degree of similarity of finescale rainfall to the best estimate with an accuracy of 10% illustrated the need for further sampling.

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42

Sharma, SN. "Entomological Sampling Strategy, Sampling Tools and Analytical Techniques with regard to Vector-Borne Diseases: Indian Perspective." Journal of Communicable Diseases 54, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202258.

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Entomological surveillance is an integral component of surveillance activities for any vector-borne disease. The vector surveillance in a given area shall depend on the laid down objective and keeping in view of the expected outcome. The sampling strategy for vector surveillance shall depend on routine entomological surveillance, outbreak situation and insecticide resistance monitoring. The selection of any sampling strategy and technique should always be kept in mind for its appropriate application depending on the target species. The sampling strategy shall imply that vector surveillance teams are supposed to select different options depending on the short or long term study at hand. The present ongoing operational vector sampling methods usually lack standardisation, quantitative comparisons across different situations in case of outbreak situations and one time measurements, and it makes it difficult to assess the real situation. The sampling strategy should always meet the requirement of the laid objectives to fulfil the desired outcome. The present document is an attempt to act as a guiding principle for use as appropriate sampling strategy for any vector-borne diseases in the country.

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43

Tse, Dwight, Kelsey Finley, and Katherine Vrooman. "Momentary Successful Aging Indicators and Their Short-Term and Long-Term Covariates." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2081.

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Abstract Studies on successful aging have conceptualized it as a between-person construct, meaning that people’s aging process is seen as more or less successful than others’ across contexts. This study examines within-person, moment-to-moment successful aging indicators, such as (absence of) physical pain, good physical and cognitive functioning, and active engagement in social and productive activities, and their relations to one-time well-being indicators (affective balance, psychological needs satisfaction, meaning in life, and satisfaction with life) at the time and one year after. Multilevel modeling on experience sampling data revealed that successful aging varied substantially (over 50% total variances) within-person and was positively associated with well-being. This study illustrates the utility of momentary successful aging indicators and advocates for a more nuanced understanding besides a simple classification of older adults undergoing “successful” or “normal” aging processes.

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44

Yao, Huimin, Xiaojie Cheng, Shen Wei, Yuling Lv, Ang Li, and Xiong Shen. "Sampling method for long-term monitoring of indoor environmental quality in residential buildings." Building and Environment 215 (May 2022): 108965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108965.

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45

Paxton, C. G. M., J. M. Fletcher, D. P. Hewitt, and I. J. Winfield. "Sex ratio changes in the long-term Windermere pike and perch sampling program." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 8, no. 2 (June 1999): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00057.x.

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46

Xing, Dongyuan, Craig Kollman, Roy W. Beck, William V. Tamborlane, Lori Laffel, Bruce A. Buckingham, Darrell M. Wilson, Stuart Weinzimer, Rosanna Fiallo-Scharer, and Katrina J. Ruedy for the Juvenile Diabetes Res. "Optimal Sampling Intervals to Assess Long-Term Glycemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 13, no. 3 (March 2011): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2010.0156.

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47

Riddlesworth, Tonya D., Roy W. Beck, Robin L. Gal, Crystal G. Connor, Richard M. Bergenstal, Sooji Lee, and Steven M. Willi. "Optimal Sampling Duration for Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Determine Long-Term Glycemic Control." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 20, no. 4 (April 2018): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2017.0455.

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48

Hernández, C., and R. Tutsch. "Sampling strategies and long term variation modelling for a statistical feed-forward controller." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 3, no. 3 (2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2012023.

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49

Kim, Hyojin, James K. B. Bishop, Todd J. Wood, and Inez Y. Fung. "Autonomous Water Sampling for Long-Term Monitoring of Trace Metals in Remote Environments." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 20 (October 5, 2012): 11220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3006404.

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50

Lin, Xuejun, Tiina A. Reponen, Klaus Willeke, Sergey A. Grinshpun, Karin K. Foarde, and David S. Ensor. "Long-term sampling of airborne bacteria and fungi into a non-evaporating liquid." Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 26 (November 1999): 4291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00169-7.

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