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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Long-term sampling"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Long-term sampling"

Agranovski, I. E., A. S. Safatov, O. V. Pyankov, A. A. Sergeev, A. N. Sergeev, and S. A. Grinshpun. "Long-Term Sampling of Viable Airborne Viruses." Aerosol Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (September 2005): 912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786820500297012.

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Takahashi, H. "Long-term blood-sampling technique in piglets." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865539.

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A technique to enable long-term blood sampling from piglets aged 2-3 months is described. Piglets were housed individually in expandable cages and a heparinized polyurethane catheter was inserted into the external jugular vein. A technique was used which prevented the catheter from pulling out of the vein with growth of the animals. Blood samples could be obtained for more than 1 month, and levels of cortisol, glucose, white blood cell count, haematocrit, rectal temperature and heart rate were compared for samples obtained from simulated conventional venepunctures and from the cannula using this technique. It was shown that restraint and needle pricks raised these levels considerably.

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O'Byrne, K. T. "Long-term blood sampling technique in the marmoset." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780864475.

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A simple and reliable method for long-term blood sampling from the restrained marmoset is described. Cannulae were chronically inserted into the internal jugular vein, exteriorized and housed in a backpack system. The cannulae remained patent for 1-7 months. This system allows for rapid collection of blood samples and hence detailed analysis of circulating hormone levels.

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Chao, Edward C. "Gibbs Sampling for Long-Term Survival Data with Competing Risks." Biometrics 54, no. 1 (March 1998): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2534022.

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Frerichs, Kai U., Perttu J. Lindsberg, John M. Hallenbeck, and Giora Z. Feuerstein. "Long-Term Sampling of Cerebral Venous Blood in Conscious Rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 6 (December 1989): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.125.

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The mechanisms of secondary brain damage following cerebral ischemia or CNS trauma are still unknown. A variety of mediators, released by the injured brain, are held to be responsible for delayed neuronal cell damage. No technique is available yet for repeated sampling of cerebral venous blood (CVB) on a long-term basis, which allows to assess the neurobiochemical responses to brain injury chronically in conscious laboratory animals. This is a report on the establishment of a method to sample CVB from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) for at least 7 days in conscious freely moving rats. The torcular was exposed for implantation of a catheter into the caudal SSS. Patency was preserved by perfusion with a nonsystemic dose of heparin by an Alzet osmotic pump and verified daily by aspirating of 0.5 ml CVB for blood analysis. No neuropathology was seen in histological examination. The rats appeared comfortable and without distress, and the transient weight loss was rapidly regained. The present model provides the opportunity to evaluate acute or chronic neurobiochemical responses to stroke, CNS trauma, or any other type of brain injury in the conscious rat.

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Mehta, M., C. Down, and A. Sau. "Long term pregnancy outcome following amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 97, Suppl 1 (April 2012): A17.3—A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301809.53.

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Yang, Seongyeop, Byeongkeun Kang, and Yeejin Lee. "Sampling Agnostic Feature Representation for Long-Term Person Re-Identification." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 31 (2022): 6412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3207024.

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Bradley, David C., and S. J. Ormerod. "Evaluating the precision of kick-sampling in upland streams for assessments of long-term change: the effects of sampling effort, habitat and rarity fig: 5 tab: 5." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 155, no. 2 (December 9, 2002): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/155/2002/199.

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RILEY, JANET. "DESIGN PERSPECTIVES IN LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTATION." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (April 2000): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700002039.

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The aims and design features of historic long-term experiments are discussed and modern perceptions are presented of long-term studies to address sustainability and research impact in farming communities. A research strategy is proposed combining on-station and on-farm research whose results influence dynamically the directions of the component studies. Guidelines are given for choosing well-controlled designs, appropriate data and sampling procedures and for maintaining quality control in data collection and indicator formation over anticipated lengthy periods of time.

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Langlet, D., E. Geslin, C. Baal, E. Metzger, F. Lejzerowicz, B. Riedel, M. Zuschin, J. Pawlowski, M. Stachowitsch, and F. J. Jorissen. "Foraminiferal survival after long term experimentally induced anoxia." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2013): 9243–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-9243-2013.

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Abstract. Anoxia has been successfully induced in four benthic chambers installed on the Northern Adriatic seafloor from 1 week to 10 months. To accurately determine whether benthic foraminifera can survive experimentally induced prolonged anoxia, the CellTrackerGreen method has been applied. Numerous individuals have been found living at all sampling times and at all sampling depths, showing that benthic foraminifera can survive up to 10 months of anoxia with co-occurring hydrogen sulphides. However, foraminiferal standing stocks decrease with sampling time in an irregular way. A large difference in standing stock between two cores samples in initial conditions indicates the presence of a large spatial heterogeneity of the foraminiferal faunas. An unexpected increase in standing stocks after 1 month is tentatively interpreted as a reaction to increased food availability due to the massive mortality of infaunal macrofaunal organisms. After this, standing stocks decrease again in a core sampled after 2 months of anoxia, to attain a minimum in the cores sampled after 10 months. We speculate that the trend of overall decrease of standing stocks is not due to the adverse effects of anoxia and hydrogen sulphides, but rather due to a continuous diminution of labile organic matter.

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Дисертації з теми "Long-term sampling"

Go, H. G. "Dynamic sampling methods for long term wealth management." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599449.

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In finance dynamic stochastic programming traditionally has been applied to institutional pension fund problems and more recently has become usable for more difficult individual wealth management problems. We develop several models to handle specific wealth management issues. We develop a US investment model with an exact tax basis and a rudimentary tax qualified portfolio. We show the ability to solve this model with up to 48 stages in 10 asset classes using an exact tax basis by approximating the solution employing information constraints. For fewer stages we show tractability of solving the full model with at least binary branching at every node of the scenario tree. We also introduce a mortgage model to investigate the effects of interest-only mortgages and their maturity. Modelling maturity selection as a binary decision variable, we find that the interest-only components of a mortgage are of interest when a borrower has a low income initially but expects it to grow. We do not consider the case of investors taking such mortgages to increase their leverage. It is noted that solutions may not be representative of all possibilities because the models reach an upper limit in terms of solvable problem sizes with currently available computing power. Expected value of perfect information (EVPI) calculation capabilities have been added to a modern solver. Given that aggregation is used to decrease solution times of such models we implement for the first time a disaggregator to allow calculation of EVPI subproblems without rereading the problem considered from disk. Aggregation is also found to increase solver speed applied to EVPI subproblems, especially after we reorder nodes. Sequential EVPI importance sampling is shown to be effective for the models introduced here and results improve drastically when mean matching of sampled scenarios is added. We successfully attempt to automate tuning for these algorithms by introducing percentile-based zero thresholds and adjusting these automatically when their current values are found to cause EVPI to fall.

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Bennett, Rhett Hamilton. "Optimisation of a sampling protocol for long-term monitoring of temperate reef fishes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005154.

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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management (EAF) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) have been identified as possible alternatives to traditional linefish management measures, which have largely failed. Monitoring and assessment of fish communities on a long-term basis is necessary, and will provide a means to evaluate the effectiveness of such management measures. Therefore, standardised protocols and optimal sampling methods for long-term monitoring (LTM) and assessment of coastal fish communities are essential. This study aimed to identify suitable methods and develop a protocol for assessment of inshore reef fish communities. A suitable location for evaluation of proposed methods was identified in the warm temperate biogeographical region of South Africa, encompassing the well-established Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park MPA and an adjacent exploited area. Chrysoblephus laticeps (roman) was identified as an indicator species for the study, as it has been well-studied and is well represented in the area. Underwater visual census (UVC) and controlled fishing were identified as suitable methods. UVC transects were found to be superior to point counts, in terms of sampling efficiency, variability, bias and required sample size. An effort of two angler hours per fishing station was shown to provide low catch variability, while at the same time a representative catch and low overall cost and required time. The methods were incorporated in a proposed sampling protocol, and evaluated. The methods were able to detect known differences between protected and exploited communities. It is recommended that LTM within protected areas, for detection of natural change, be focused on community-level indicators, while LTM in exploited areas, aimed at detection of anthropogenic change, be focused on species-level indicators. The proposed protocol with standardised methods will allow for comparisons across a network of LTM sites and provide the opportunity for a broad-scale assessment of the effects of environmental variables on reef fish stocks. The protocol developed in this study has application in other biogeographical regions in South Africa, and other parts of the world. Shift in the focus of much marine research, in South Africa and elsewhere, to LTM, highlights the relevance and timeous nature of this study.

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Osborne, Melissa M. "Long-Term Sampling Reveals the Beneficial Role of Fungi in Allergic Sensitization of Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116252973.

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Stratton, Charles D. "Evaluation of Short Term versus Long Term Air Quality Sampling Methods Using X-ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299180519.

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Simon, Philippe. "Long-term integrated sampling to characterize airborne volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor environments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq30387.pdf.

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Simon, Philippe 1964. "Long-term integrated sampling to characterize airborne volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor environments." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34455.

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Sampling methods used for the assessment of exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in the workplace or for environmental studies are now limited to an upper integrative sampling time of 24 hours or less. Generally, these methods lack versatility and are difficult to use. A passive sampler that can extend sampling periods was developed as part of this research. This novel sampler relies on capillary tubes to restrict and control ambient air entry into an evacuated sample container.
A mathematical model was derived by modifications to the Hagen-Poiseuille and ideal gas laws. This model defines the relationship between container volume and capillary geometry (length/internal diameter) required to provide selected sampling times. Based on theoretical considerations, simulations were performed to study the effects of dimensional parameters. From these results, capillaries having 0.05 and 0.10 mm internal diameters were selected according to their ability to reduce sampling flow rates and to increase sampling times. Different capillary lengths were tested on various sampler prototypes. It was found that a constant sampling flow rate was delivered when a maximum discharge rate was established under the influence of a pressure gradient between a vacuum and ambient pressure. Experimental flow rates from 0.018 to 2.6 ml/min were obtained and compared with model predictions. From this comparison, empirical relationships between capillary geometry and maximum discharge rate given by the pressure gradient were defined. Essentially, based on these empirical relationships, capillary sampling flow controller specifications can be calculated to offer extended integrated sampling periods. On this basis, sampler prototypes were configured for stationary sampling and personal sampling.
Studies, based on theory, have indicated that factors such as temperature, humidity and longitudinal molecular diffusion are not likely to influence the passive sampling process. Subsequent experiments confirmed that temperature changes should not significantly affect flow rates delivered by controllers, and that molecular diffusion does not have any impact on the representativeness of long-term samples. Recovery tests provided acceptable results demonstrating that selected capillaries do not contribute to adsorption that could seriously affect the validity of this sampling approach.
Field demonstration studies were performed with both stationary and personal sampler prototypes in the indoor and outdoor environments. The performance of the sampler compared favorably, and in some instances, exceeded that of accepted methodology. These novel samplers were more reliable, had greater versatility and principally, allowed sampling periods extending from hours to a month. These inherent qualities will assist industrial hygienists and environmentalists in the study of emission sources, pollutant concentrations, dispersion, migration and control measures. This novel sampler is presently the only device available for the effective study of episodic events of VOC emission.
Selected capillary geometries acting as a restriction to the entry of ambient air into evacuated sample container can provide a simple, versatile and reliable alternative for the collection of VOCs. This approach can contribute to a better understanding of VOC effects on human health and the environment.

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Klinkert, Rickard. "Uncertainty Analysis of Long Term Correction Methods for Annual Average Winds." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59690.

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For the construction of a wind farm, one needs to assess the wind resources of the considered site location. Using reference time series from numerical weather prediction models, global assimilation databases or observations close to the area considered, the on-site measured wind speeds and wind directions are corrected in order to represent the actual long-term wind conditions. This long-term correction (LTC) is in the typical case performed by making use of the linear regression within the Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) method. This method and two other methods, Sector-Bin (SB) and Synthetic Time Series (ST), respectively, are used for the determination of the uncertainties that are associated with LTC.The test area that has been chosen in this work, is located in the region of the North Sea, using 22 quality controlled meteorological (met) station observations from offshore or nearby shore locations in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The time series that has been used cover the eight year period from 2002 to 2009 and the year with the largest variability in the wind speeds, 2007, is used as the short-term measurement period. The long-term reference datasets that have been used are the Weather Research and Forecast model, based on both ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Analysis (NCEP/FNL), respectively and additional reference datasets of Modern Era Re-Analysis (MERRA) and QuikSCAT satellite observations. The long-term period for all of the reference datasets despite QuikSCAT, correspond to the one of stations observations. The QuikSCAT period of observations used cover the period from November 1st, 1999 until October 31st, 2009.The analysis is divided into three parts. Initially, the uncertainty connected to the corresponding reference dataset, when used in LTC method, is investigated. Thereafter the uncertainty due to the concurrent length of the on-site measurements and reference dataset is analyzed. Finally, the uncertainty is approached using a re-sampling method of the Non-Parametric Bootstrap. The uncertainty of the LTC method SB, for a fixed concurrent length of the datasets is assessed by this methodology, in an effort to create a generic model for the estimation of uncertainty in the predicted values for SB.The results show that LTC with WRF model datasets based on NCEP/FNL and ERA-Interim, respectively, is slightly different, but does not deviate considerably in comparison when comparing with met station observations. The results also suggest the use of MERRA reference dataset in connection with long-term correction methods. However, the datasets of QuikSCAT does not provide much information regarding the overall quality of long-term correction, and a different approach than using station coordinates for the withdrawal of QuikSCAT time series is preferred. Additionally, the LTC model of Sector-Bin is found to be robust against variation in the correlation coefficient between the concurrent datasets. For the uncertainty dependence of concurrent time, the results show that an on-site measurement period of one consistent year or more, gives the lowest uncertainties compared to measurements of shorter time. An additional observation is that the standard deviation of long-term corrected means decreases with concurrent time. Despite the efforts of using the re-sampling method of Non-Parametric Bootstrap the estimation of the uncertainties is not fully determined. However, it does give promising results that are suggested for investigation in further work.
För att bygga en vindkraftspark är man i behov av att kartlägga vindresurserna i det aktuella området. Med hjälp av tidsserier från numeriska vädermodeller (NWP), globala assimileringsdatabaser och intilliggande observationer korrigeras de uppmätta vindhastigheterna och vindriktningarna för att motsvara långtidsvärdena av vindförhållandena. Dessa långtidskorrigeringsmetoder (LTC) genomförs generellt sett med hjälp av linjär regression i Mät-korrelera-predikera-metoden (MCP). Denna metod, och två andra metoder, Sektor-bin (SB) och Syntetiska tidsserier (ST), används i denna rapport för att utreda de osäkerheter som är knutna till långtidskorrigering.Det testområde som är valt för analys i denna rapport omfattas av Nordsjöregionen, med 22 meteorologiska väderobservationsstationer i Danmark, Norge och Sverige. Dessa stationer är till största del belägna till havs eller vid kusten. Tidsserierna som används täcker åttaårsperioden från 2002 till 2009, där det året med högst variabilitet i uppmätt vindhastighet, år 2007, används som den korta mätperiod som blir föremål för långtidskorrigeringen. De långa referensdataseten som använts är väderprediktionsmodellen WRF ( Weather Research and Forecast Model), baserad både på data från NCEP/FNL (National Centers for Environmental Prediciton Final Analysis) och ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-analysis). Dessutom används även data från MERRA (Modern Era Re-Analysis) och satellitobservationer från QuikSCAT. Långtidsperioden för alla dataset utom QuikSCAT omfattar samma period som observationsstationerna. QuikSCAT-datat som använts omfattar perioden 1 november 1999 till 31 oktober 2009.Analysen är indelad i tre delar. Inledningsvis behandlas osäkerheten som är kopplad till referensdatans ingående i långtidskorrigeringsmetoderna. Därefter analyseras osäkerhetens beroende av längden på den samtidiga datan i referens- och observationsdataseten. Slutligen utreds osäkerheten med hjälp av en icke-parametrisk metod, en s.k. Bootstrap: Osäkerheten i SB-metoden för en fast samtidig längd av tidsserierna från observationer och referensdatat uppskattas genom att skapa en generell modell som estimerar osäkerheten i estimatet.Resultatet visar att skillnaden när man använder WRF-modellen baserad både på NCEP/FNL och ERA-Interim i långtidskorrigeringen är marginell och avviker inte markant i förhållande till stationsobservationerna. Resultatet pekar också på att MERRA-datat kan användas som långtidsreferensdataset i långtidsdkorrigeringsmetoderna. Däremot ger inte QuikSCAT-datasetet tillräckligt med information för att avgöra om det går att använda i långtidskorrigeringsmetoderna. Därför föreslås ett annat tillvägagångssätt än stationsspecifika koordinater vid val av koordinater lämpliga för långtidskorrigering. Ytterligare ett resultat vid analys av långtidskorrigeringsmetoden SB, visar att metoden är robust mot variation i korrelationskoefficienten.Rörande osäkerhetens beroende av längden på samtidig data visar resultaten att en sammanhängande mätperiod på ett år eller mer ger den lägsta osäkerheten i årsmedelvindsestimatet, i förhållande till mätningar av kortare slag. Man kan även se att standardavvikelsen av de långtidskorrigerade medelvärdena avtar med längden på det samtidiga datat. Den implementerade ickeparametriska metoden Bootstrap, som innefattar sampling med återläggning, kan inte estimera osäkerheten till fullo. Däremot ger den lovande resultat som föreslås för vidare arbete.

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Hoekman, David, Katherine E. LeVan, George E. Ball, Robert A. Browne, Robert L. Davidson, Terry L. Erwin, C. Barry Knisley, et al. "Design for ground beetle abundance and diversity sampling within the National Ecological Observatory Network." WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624368.

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The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will monitor ground beetle populations across a network of broadly distributed sites because beetles are prevalent in food webs, are sensitive to abiotic factors, and have an established role as indicator species of habitat and climatic shifts. We describe the design of ground beetle population sampling in the context of NEON's long-term, continentalscale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design, priorities, and collection methods. Freely available NEON ground beetle data and associated field and laboratory samples will increase scientific understanding of how biological communities are responding to land-use and climate change.

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Davies, Andrew Byron. "Termite responses to long term burning regimes in southern African savannas : patterns, processes and conservation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25711.

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Termites are considered to be major ecosystem engineers in tropical and sub-tropical environments, and fire in savanna systems is regarded as a major and necessary disturbance for the maintenance of biodiversity. However, most fire ecology studies have focused on vegetation dynamics with little attention given to other taxa, especially invertebrates. This thesis has addressed several aspects of savanna termite ecology. First, based on a review of studies examining the relationship between fire ecology and termites, I found that few broad conclusions can be made based on the published literature. Hence little is known on the interactions between termites and ecological processes such as fire. Leading on from this, several recommendations are provided in the thesis for future research to improve ecological understanding of savannas and the dynamics that structure these systems. Second, savanna termite responses to long-term burning regimes were investigated across four distinct savanna types along a rainfall gradient in South Africa using comprehensive sampling protocols. This was achieved using experimental burning plots which have been in place in the Kruger National Park (KNP) since 1954 as well as sites in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. Termite communities were found to differ significantly between these savannas with higher diversity at Pretoriuskop, a mesic savanna but not the wettest. Termite diversity was lowest at the most arid site (Mopani) but certain feeding groups peaked at Satara, a savanna with intermediate rainfall. Differences between these savannas are attributed to broad underlying changes in net primary productivity, temperature and soil type, with the role of mammalian herbivores also being considered. Seasonality was also examined and it was found that termite activity peaks in the wet and transitional seasons and is significantly lower in the dry season. Considering different fire regimes, termites, in general, were found to be highly resistant to burning, but assemblage composition was affected, this being more pronounced at the mesic savanna where fire has more effect on vegetation. These assemblage changes are linked to changes in vegetation structure caused by fire. Finally, termite ecology is often constrained by sampling difficulties and a lack of sampling protocols in savannas. A comparison of two often used sampling methods, baiting and active searching, was conducted across the savanna types studied. The efficiency of sampling method varied along the rainfall gradient and a single method was not the best for all savanna types. In mesic savannas, active searching (an often neglected sampling method in savannas) was most effective at sampling termite diversity while baiting was more effective in arid savannas, although this method is biased toward wood-feeding termites from feeding group II. Baiting also provides a better measure of termite activity than active searching. I demonstrate that termite communities differ significantly with savanna habitat and their responses to long-term burning regimes differ between these habitat types. Although termite communities were found to be quite resistant to burning, the degree of resistance differed with savanna type and management policies in protected areas and elsewhere need to take this into account when formulating conservation policies. Similarly, sampling methods differ in their efficiency at different sites which needs to be considered when designing sampling protocols in order to accurately reflect the biodiversity present.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted

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Ross, Jason E. "A Coastal Monitoring Program for a Large Lake Fish Community: The First Step in Capturing Long-term Trends and Addressing Evolving Questions." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384380417.

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Книги з теми "Long-term sampling"

Eric, Archer, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Testing common stream sampling methods for broad-scale, long-term monitoring. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2004.

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Chow, Judith C. Methods to assess carbonaceous aerosol sampling artifact for IMPROVE and other long-term networks. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2008.

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Hebben, Thorsten. Analysis of water quality conditions and trends for the long-term river network: Athabasca River, 1960-2007. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 2009.

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Hebben, Thorsten. Analysis of water quality conditions and trends for the long-term river network: Oldman River, 1966-2005. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, Environmental Assurance, Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Branch, 2007.

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Payne, James R. PWSRCAC-EVOS long-term environmental monitoring program: 2002-2003 LTEMP monitoring report. Anchorage, Alaska: EVOS Trustee Council, 2003.

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Casey, Richard J. Development of long-term biomonitoring in Elk Island National Park using benthic macroinvertebrates. Vegreville, Alta., Canada: Alberta Environmental Protection, Alberta Environmental Centre, 1995.

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Marc, Coles-Ritchie, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Repeatability of riparian vegetation sampling methods: How useful are these techniques for broad-scale, long-term monitoring? Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2004.

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Edwards, W. Sherman. Questionnaires and data collection methods for the institutional population component. Rockville, MD: Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

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Waskiewicz, Justin D. Sampling and measurement protocols for long-term silvicultural studies on the Penobscot Experimental Forest. 2015.

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US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options Study, a Long-Term Experiment in Variable-Retention Harvests: Rationale, Experimental and Sampling Designs, Treatment Implementation, Response Variables, and Data Accessibility. Independently Published, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Long-term sampling"

Schladot, Johann-Diederich, and Friedrich Backhaus. "Collection, Preparation and Long-Term Storage of Marine Samples." In Sampling and Sample Preparation, 74–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60632-8_7.

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Chalmers, Iain. "Evaluation of the long-term consequences of chorion villus sampling." In Chorion Villus, 187–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3362-1_17.

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Chernodub, Artem, and Dimitri Nowicki. "Sampling-Based Gradient Regularization for Capturing Long-Term Dependencies in Recurrent Neural Networks." In Neural Information Processing, 90–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46672-9_11.

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Schweiger, Anna K. "Spectral Field Campaigns: Planning and Data Collection." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 385–423. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_15.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on planning field campaigns and data collection relevant to plant biodiversity. Particular emphasis is placed on sampling spectra of plants across scales, from the leaf to the canopy and airborne level, considering the issue of matching ecological data with spectra. The importance of planning is highlighted from the perspective of the long-term sustainability of a project, which includes using and contributing to the development of standards for project documentation and archiving. These issues are critical to biodiversity researchers involved in data collection in situ and via remote sensing (RS).

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Miao, ShiLi, Susan Carstenn, Cassondra Thomas, Chris Edelstein, Erik Sindhøj, and Binhe Gu. "Integrating Multiple Spatial Controls and Temporal Sampling Schemes To Explore Short- and Long-Term Ecosystem Response to Fire in an Everglades Wetland." In Real World Ecology, 73–109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77942-3_4.

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Zhang, Kun, Haibin Song, Jiangxin Chen, Minghui Geng, and Boran Liu. "Gas Seepage Detection and Gas Migration Mechanisms." In South China Sea Seeps, 35–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1494-4_3.

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AbstractGas seepages are often observed at the seafloor and can form cold seep systems, which are important for climate change, geohazards, and biogeochemical cycles. Many kinds of methods have been used to detect gas seepages, e.g., video imaging, active acoustic, passive acoustic, and direct gas sampling. In this chapter, we introduce the characteristics of these methods and show their applications in the South China Sea (SCS). Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is used here to quantitatively detect gas seepage in the northwestern SCS and visualize the seepage flow field. The gas migration mechanisms are also discussed. With the development of technologies, long-term, three-dimensional, and comprehensive observations is permitted to quantitatively characterize gas seepages, which can help us understand the formation and mechanism of gas seepages further in the future. Physical and numerical simulations of gas migration and geohazard processes would also be helpful in the future for understanding the fate of gas seepages.

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Zhang, Xin, Zhendong Luan, and Zengfeng Du. "In Situ Detection and Seafloor Observation of the Site F Cold Seep." In South China Sea Seeps, 235–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1494-4_14.

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AbstractThe in situ detection and seafloor observation of the Site F cold seep began after its discovery. Research on deep−sea cold seep systems often begins with descriptions of topography and geomorphology. The earliest platform for topographic and geomorphologic exploration was the scientific expedition vessel. With the development of underwater vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remote operated vehicles (ROVs) have become platforms for geophysical exploration of the seafloor. Thus, the spatial resolution of exploration has also been enhanced to the centimeter level. At the same time, sampling and in situ detection technology have gradually become the main research methods for cold seep systems. Based on the obtained samples and in situ data, research on the geochemistry and bioecology of cold seep systems has been carried out. Many technologies have been developed and may be used to promote the limit of detection of spectral−based methods to broaden the application range. Long−term detection for in situ experiments with specific scientific targets under natural cold seep environments is another trend for detection and observation in cold seep areas.

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Chari, Martin Munashe, Hamisai Hamandawana, and Leocadia Zhou. "Socioeconomically Informed Use of Geostatistics to Track Adaptation of Resource-Poor Communities to Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1555–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_122.

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AbstractAs the Green Climate Fund continues to make concerted efforts to leverage funding for resource-constrained communities in the global south under the aegis of increasing climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa, there is urgent and compelling need for tools that assist organizations to track the effectiveness of adaptation interventions in reducing vulnerability. This chapter offers a cost-effective methodology to track adaptation by using a case-study-based identification of communities with diminishing coping capacities in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Multistep geostatistical techniques were utilized in the ArcGIS 10.5 software environment to rank and spatialize changes in adaptation by using demographic census data for the years 2001 and 2011. Results of the analysis revealed that 12 communities had declining or static adaptive capacities between 2001 and 2011, while 10 communities had long-term decrease in adaptive capacities from 2001 to 2011 from a sampling universe of 134 communities. These findings are important because they demonstrate that the methodology can be effectively used to provide actionable information on the prevalence of low adaptation capacities at appropriate temporal and spatial scales, in order to guide the allocation of limited resources to the most deserving communities.

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Castenow, Jannik, Björn Feldkord, Jonas Hanselle, Till Knollmann, Manuel Malatyali, and Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide. "Distributed Data Streams." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 179–95. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21534-6_10.

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AbstractWe consider a scenario where a server is wirelessly connected to countless sensor nodes that continuously measure data. The task of the server is to monitor the sensors’ data. More precisely, at each time step the server calculates a function defined over the current measurements of the sensors. Since the sensors only have small computational power and tight battery constraints, the communication between the server and the sensors should be as small as possible, i.e., we aim at minimizing the total number of messages that is transferred.There are various conceivable problems for the setting above. We demonstrate our approaches on the following three: In the Top-k-Value Monitoring Problem, the server aims at identifying the k largest values. The Top-k-Position Monitoring Problem shifts the task to identify the sensors observing these values. Finally, the Count Distinct Monitoring Problem obliges the server to determine the number of distinct values currently observed.For all three problems, we not only present communication-efficient protocols for one time step, we also show how it can be exploited if the input at sensors is similar between consecutive time steps to reduce the total communication on the long term. Thereby, we utilize different techniques – involving sampling, dynamic data structures, filter-based approaches, and combinations of them – to demonstrate their potential and their limits in the broad setting described above.

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Frank, David, Keyan Fang, and Patrick Fonti. "Dendrochronology: Fundamentals and Innovations." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 21–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_2.

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AbstractThis chapter overviews long-standing foundations, methods, and concepts of dendrochronology, yet also pays attention to a few related paradigm shifts driven by isotope measurements in tree-rings. The basics of annual ring formation are first reviewed, followed by structural descriptions of tree-rings at the macroscopic-to-microscopic scale including earlywoodandlatewoodin conifers (gymnosperms) and hardwoods (angiosperms), as well as wood anatomical features. Numerous examples of inter-disciplinary applications connected to various tree-ring parameters are provided. With the foundation of tree-rings established, this chapter then describes the process and necessity for crossdating—the process by which each and every ring is assigned to a specific year. Methods and terminology related to field sampling also briefly described. The long-standing paradigm of site selection criteria—well shown to maximize common signals in tree-ring width datasets—is challenged in a brief discussion of newer tree-ring isotope literature demonstrating that robust chronologies with high signal-to-noise ratios can be obtained at non-ecotonal locations. Opportunities for isotope measurements to enable crossdating in otherwise challenging contexts are likewise highlighted. The chapter reviews a conceptual framework to disaggregate tree-ring time-series, with special attention to detrending and standardization methods used to mitigate tree-age/size related noise common to many applications such as dendroclimatic reconstruction. Some of the drivers of long-term trends in tree-ring isotope data such as the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2, age/size/height trends, and climate variation are presented along with related debates/uncertainties evident in literature in order to establish priorities for future investigations. The development of tree-ring chronologies and related quality control metrics used to assess the common signal and the variance of tree-ring data are described, along with the limitations in correlation based statistics to determine the robustness of tree-ring datasets particularly in the low frequency domain. These statistical methods will gain relevance as tree-ring isotope datasets increasingly approach sample replications and dataset structures typical for tree-ring width measurements.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Long-term sampling"

Osborne, M., T. Reponen, A. Adhikari, S. Cho, and S. Grinshpun. "33. Long-term Sampling of Airborne Fungal Spores in Indoor Environments." In AIHce 2005. AIHA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758786.

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Yang, Zhao, Bing Su, and Ji-Rong Wen. "Synthesizing Long-Term Human Motions with Diffusion Models via Coherent Sampling." In MM '23: The 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3581783.3611887.

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Shahin, Sarkis, and Celso Duran. "Robotics for Long-Term Monitoring." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22780.

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While long-term monitoring and stewardship means many things to many people, DOE has defined it as: “The physical controls, institutions, information, and other mechanisms needed to ensure protection of people and the environment at sites where DOE has completed or plans to complete cleanup (e.g., landfill closures, remedial actions, and facility stabilization).” Across the United States, there are thousands of contaminated sites with multiple contaminants released from multiple sources where contaminants have transported and commingled. The U.S. government and U.S. industry are responsible for most of the contamination and are landowners of many of these contaminated properties. These sites must be surveyed periodically for various criteria including structural deterioration, water intrusion, integrity of storage containers, atmospheric conditions, and hazardous substance release. The surveys, however, are intrusive, time-consuming, and expensive and expose survey personnel to radioactive contamination. In long-term monitoring, there’s a need for an automated system that will gather and report data from sensors without costly human labor. In most cases, a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) unit is used to collect and report data from a remote location. A SCADA unit consists of an embedded computer with data acquisition capabilities. The unit can be configured with various sensors placed in different areas of the site to be monitored. A system of this type is static, i.e., the sensors, once placed, cannot be moved to other locations within the site. For those applications where the number of sampling locations would require too many sensors, or where exact location of future problems is unknown, a mobile sensing platform is an ideal solution. In many facilities that undergo regular inspections, the number of video cameras and air monitors required to eliminate the need for human inspections is very large and far too costly. HCET’s remote harsh-environment surveyor (RHES) is a robotic platform with SCADA capabilities equipped with a sonar-imaging scanner, a high-resolution color CCD camera, and various combinations of sensors. The RHES is controlled remotely via a PC. This paper will discuss the development and application of this system.

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Busquets, Javier, David Busquets, Jesus Busquets-Carbonell, and Jose-Vicente Busquets. "ALBA 14 a long term low cost glider with water sampling capabilities." In 2014 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auv.2014.7054416.

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Yu, Chengqing, Fei Wang, Zezhi Shao, Tao Sun, Lin Wu, and Yongjun Xu. "DSformer: A Double Sampling Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Long-term Prediction." In CIKM '23: The 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3614851.

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Cao, Yue, Xiaojiang Zhou, Jiaqi Feng, Peihao Huang, Yao Xiao, Dayao Chen, and Sheng Chen. "Sampling Is All You Need on Modeling Long-Term User Behaviors for CTR Prediction." In CIKM '22: The 31st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511808.3557082.

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Stewart, Leroy, and Mikal A. McKinnon. "Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel Integrity During Long-Term Dry Storage." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1174.

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Abstract The United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management conducted spent nuclear fuel integrity and cask performance tests from 1984–1996 at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Between 1994 and 1998, DOE also initiated a Spent Fuel Behavior Project that involved enhanced surveillance, monitoring, and gas-sampling activities for intact fuel in a GNS CASTOR V/21 cask and for consolidated fuel in a Sierra Nuclear VSC-17 cask. The results of these series of tests are reported in this paper. Presently, DOE is involved in a cooperative project to perform destructive evaluations of fuel rods that have been stored in the CASTOR V/21 cask. The results of those evaluations are presented elsewhere in these proceedings in a paper entitled “Examination of Spent PWR Fuel Rods after 15 years in Dry Storage”.

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Gao, Yidan, and Ying Min Low. "Long-Term Fatigue Analysis of Deepwater Risers in the Time Domain." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24664.

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A floating production system is exposed to many different environmental conditions over its service life. Consequently, the long-term fatigue analysis of deepwater risers is computationally demanding due to the need to evaluate the fatigue damage from a multitude of sea states. Because of the nonlinearities in the system, the dynamic analysis is often performed in the time domain. This further compounds the computational difficulty owing to the time consuming nature of time domain analysis, as well as the need to simulate a sufficient duration for each sea state to minimize sampling variability. This paper presents a new and efficient simulation technique for long-term fatigue analysis. The results based on this new technique are compared against those obtained from the direct simulation of numerous sea states.

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Hagen, O̸istein. "Wave Distributions and Sampling Variability." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29584.

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The paper describes the effect of sampling variability on the predicted extreme individual wave height and the predicted extreme individual crests height for long return periods, such as for the 100-year maximum wave height and 100-year maximum crest height. We show that the effect of sampling variability is different for individual crest or wave height as compared to for significant wave height. The short term wave statistics is modeled by the Forristall crest height distribution and the Forristall wave height distribution [3,4]. Samples from the 3-hour Weibull distribution are simulated for 100.000 years period, and the 100-year extreme values for wave heights and crest heights determined for respectively 20 minute and 3 hour sea states. The simulations are compared to results obtained by probabilistic analysis. The paper shows that state of the art analysis approaches using the Forristall distributions give about unbiased estimates for extreme individual crest or wave height if implemented appropriately. Direct application of the Forristall distributions for 3-hour sea state parameters give long term extremes that are biased low, and it is shown how the short term distributions can be modified such that consistent results for 20 minute and 3 hour sea states are obtained. These modified distributions are expected applicable for predictions based on hindcast sea state statistics and for the environmental contour approach.

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Zhu, Hai, Jiawang Chen, Yuan Lin, Peihao Zhang, Ziqang Ren, Xiaoling Le, Jing Xiao, and Ziang Feng. "Electronically Controlled Deep Sea Sampling Tube Pressure Maintaining Cutting Device Capable of Long-term Use." In OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans40490.2019.8962564.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Long-term sampling"

Haney, T., and R. VanHorn. Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Field Sampling Plan for 2007. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912858.

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Archer, Eric K., Brett B. Roper, Richard C. Henderson, Nick Bouwes, S. Chad Mellison, and Jeffrey L. Kershner. Testing common stream sampling methods for broad-scale, long-term monitoring. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-122.

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Findlay, Rick, and Mark Kautsky. 2015 Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program Sampling and Analysis Results at Rio Blanco, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1259686.

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Waskiewicz, Justin D., Laura S. Kenefic, Nicole S. Rogers, Joshua J. Puhlick, John C. Brissette, and Richard J. Dionne. Sampling and measurement protocols for long-term silvicultural studies on the Penobscot Experimental Forest. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-147.

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Findlay, Rick, and Mark Kautsky. 2015 Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program Sampling and Analysis Results Report for Project Rulison, Co. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1259667.

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Minsker, Barbara. A New Framework for Adptive Sampling and Analysis During Long-Term Monitoring and Remedial Action Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894014.

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Price, K. R., and W. H. Rickard. Historical review of long-term soil sampling for environmental surveillance at the Hanford Site and vicinity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/554188.

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Minsker, Barbara S. A New Framework for Adaptive Sampling and Analysis During Long-Term Monitoring and Remedial Action Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838505.

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Minsker, Barbara. A New Framework for Adaptive Sampling and Analysis During Long- Term Monitoring and Remedial Action Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838628.

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Minsker, Barbara. A New Framework for Adaptive Sampling and Analysis During Long-Term Monitoring and Remedial Action Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850387.

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