Готові списки джерел за темами / Long-Term cerebral effect

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 квітня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Ye, Fei, Guan-Shui Bao, Heng-Shi Xu, and Pan-Pan Deng. "Effect of platelet count on long-term prognosis of cerebral infarction." Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 38, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/rnn-200993.

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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between platelet (PLT) count and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) at the later stage of rehabilitation, which can be used to guide the secondary prevention strategy of CI. Methods: A total of 180 CI patients were divided into three groups according to PLT count: low PLT group (<125×109/L), medium PLT group (126– 225×109/L) and high PLT group (>226×109/L). The mRS was evaluated after three months and one year, respectively, and the difference in long-term prognosis between groups was analyzed. The mRS is an ordered scale coded from 0 (no symptoms at all) through 5 (severe disability) 6 (death). Results: Finally, a total of 99 patients had complete data. The results of the multiple comparisons among the three groups were as follows: the analysis of variance of the mRS at three months after onset yielded F = 6.714 and P = 0.002, and the difference was statistically significant. The mRS was lowest in the medium PLT group (2.09±1.465), and neurological function recovery was the best. After one year, the mRS for the medium PLT group was the lowest (1.49±1.523), with F = 6.860 and P = 0.002. The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the effect of continuous rehabilitation was significant in the interval from three months to one year after onset (F = 35.528, P < 0.001). This was very significant, especially for patients taking aspirin (F = 50.908, P < 0.001). However, for patients who did not take aspirin, the effect of continuous rehabilitation was not obvious during the nine months, and the difference between the results of two mRS measurements was not statistically significant (F = 1.089, P = 0.308). Conclusions: Patients with a PLT count of 126– 225×109/L had the lowest mRS between three months and one year after onset, but had the best recovery of nerve function. Patients who persisted in taking aspirin continued to significantly recover during the 9-month period, from three months to one year after onset. Aspirin is not only a secondary preventive drug, but also an important drug to promote the rehabilitation of CI patients.

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Espeland, Mark A., Jose A. Luchsinger, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Owen Carmichael, Paul J. Laurienti, Xavier Pi‐Sunyer, Rena R. Wing, et al. "Long Term Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cerebral Blood Flow." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 66, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15159.

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Yrjänheikki, Juha, Jari Koistinaho, Mikko Kettunen, Risto A. Kauppinen, Kurt Appel, Michael Hüll, and Bernd L. Fiebich. "Long-term protective effect of atorvastatin in permanent focal cerebral ischemia." Brain Research 1052, no. 2 (August 2005): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.06.004.

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Ahnstedt, Hilda, Maryam Mostajeran, Frank W. Blixt, Karin Warfvinge, Saema Ansar, Diana N. Krause, and Lars Edvinsson. "U0126 Attenuates Cerebral Vasoconstriction and Improves Long-Term Neurologic Outcome after Stroke in Female Rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.217.

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Sex differences are well known in cerebral ischemia and may impact the effect of stroke treatments. In male rats, the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reduces ischemia-induced endothelin type B (ETB) receptor upregulation, infarct size and improves acute neurologic function after experimental stroke. However, responses to this treatment in females and long-term effects on outcome are not known. Initial experiments used in vitro organ culture of cerebral arteries, confirming ERK1/2 activation and increased ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in female cerebral arteries. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, 120 minutes) was induced in female Wistar rats, with U0126 (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle administered at 0 and 24 hours of reperfusion, or with no treatment. Infarct volumes were determined and neurologic function was assessed by 6-point and 28-point neuroscores. ETB receptor-mediated contraction was studied with myograph and protein expression with immunohistochemistry. In vitro organ culture and tMCAO resulted in vascular ETB receptor upregulation and activation of ERK1/2 that was prevented by U0126. Although no effect on infarct size, U0126 improved the long-term neurologic function after experimental stroke in female rats. In conclusion, early prevention of the ERK1/2 activation and ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the cerebral vasculature after ischemic stroke in female rats improves the long-term neurologic outcome.

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Liu, Zhao, Mengjie Liu, Gongwei Jia, Jiani Li, Lingchuan Niu, Huiji Zhang, Yunwen Qi, Houchao Sun, Liang-Jun Yan, and Jingxi Ma. "Long-term intermittent fasting improves neurological function by promoting angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia via growth differentiation factor 11 signaling activation." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): e0282338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282338.

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Intermittent fasting (IF), an alternative to caloric restriction, is a form of time restricted eating. IF conditioning has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects and potential long-term brain health benefits. But the mechanism underlying remains unclear. The present study focused on the cerebral angiogenesis effect of IF on ischemic rats. Using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we assessed neurological outcomes and various vascular parameters such as microvessel density (MVD), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs), and functional vessels in the peri-infarct area. IF conditioning ameliorated the modified neurological severity score and adhesive removal test, increased MVD, and activated growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11)/activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) pathways in a time-dependent manner. In addition, long-term IF conditioning stimulated proliferation of ECs, promoted rCBF, and upregulated the total vessel surface area as well as the number of microvessel branch points through GDF11/ALK5 pathways. These data suggest that long-term IF conditioning improves neurological outcomes after cerebral ischemia, and that this positive effect is mediated partly by angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area and improvement of functional perfusion microvessels in part by activating the GDF11/ALK5 signaling pathway.

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YANPALLEWAR, S., S. RAI, M. KUMAR, and S. ACHARYA. "Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of on transient cerebral ischemia and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 79, no. 1 (September 2004): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2004.07.008.

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Kobayashi, Shotai, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Kazunori Okada, Mitsuhiro Kitani, Kazuya Yamashita, Kouichi Shimote, and Tokugoro Tsunematsu. "Effect of Long-Term Administration of Buflomedil on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Cerebral Infarction." Angiology 39, no. 11 (November 1988): 934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331978803901102.

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Razuvaeva, Ya G., E. D. Khaltagarova, A. A. Toropova, K. V. Markova, and D. N. Olennikov. "INFLUENCE OF LOPHANTHUS CHINENSIS DRY EXTRACT ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF WISTAR RATS THE BRAIN DURING LONG-TERM ALCOHOLIZATION." Problems of Biological, Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 27, no. 4 (May 9, 2024): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-05-08.

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The study purpose – to evaluate the effect of the Lophanthus chinensis dry extract on the Wistar rats brain morphofunctional state against the back-ground of long-term alcoholization. Material and methods. Alcohol intoxication was induced by long-term administration (6 weeks) of 40% ethanol in rats. Lophanthus chinensis dry ex-tract at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered from the 3rd week of the experiment. On days 42-45, the animals were tested in an "open field", an el-evated plus maze, and they developed a conditioned passive avoidance reaction. After which a neurons pathomorphological study in the cerebral cor-tex was carried out. Results. It has been established that L. chinensis dry extract exhibits a neuroprotective effect during long-term alcohol intoxication, preventing the de-velopment of structural disorders in the cerebral cortex, thereby reducing anxiety and emotionality in animals, enhancing orientation-exploratory activity and normalizing mnestic functions. Conclusion. L. chinensis dry extract has a neuroprotective effect during long-term alcohol intoxication.

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Shimizu, Jun, Yasuo Kataama, Hajime Memezawa, Satoru Suzuki, Hiroaki Minamisawa, Shigeru Sugimoto, Toshiyuki Soeda, and Akiro Terashi. "The Effect of the Long-Term Administration of ONO 3144 upon Cerebral Vessels and Experimental Cerebral Ischemia." Japanese Heart Journal 28, no. 4 (1987): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.28.616.

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KOBAYASHI, SHOTAI. "Effect of long-term oral administration of buflomedil on local cerebral blood flow in chronic cerebral infarction." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 19, no. 1 (1988): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.19.287.

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Дисертації з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Godwin, Ellen M. "Long-term effect of single event multiple level orthopedic surgery on the functional classification of children with cerebral palsy." NSUWorks, 2005. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/29.

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Collinot, Hélène. "Rôle des Isoformes STOX1A et STOX1B dans la physiopathologie placentaire de la prééclampsie et effets à long terme : études à partir des modèles murins de surexpression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5252.

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Introduction : La prééclampsie est une pathologie de la grossesse caractérisée par une dysfonction placentaire, entraînant des complications graves pour la mère et le foetus. Le modèle murin STOX1A reproduit les caractéristiques de cette pathologie, incluant une hypertension artérielle, une protéinurie, un retard de croissance intra-utérin et des anomalies Doppler utérin et ombilicaux. Un des objectifs de ce travail de thèse est de caractériser ces altérations placentaires à l'aide d'imageries fonctionnelles, et d'explorer les effets à long terme sur le cerveau maternel induit par la prééclampsie dans notre modèle. Par ailleurs, un modèle complémentaire surexprimant STOX1B a été créé pour mieux comprendre l'implication potentielle de cette isoforme dans la physiologie placentaire. Matériels et Méthodes : Le modèle STOX1A a été étudié par imagerie IRM DCE (Dynamic Contrast Enhanced) pour évaluer la perfusion placentaire et par IRM BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) pour la gestion de l'oxygène. L'imagerie optoacoustique a permis de mesurer la saturation en oxygène et sa réponse à l'hypoxie. L'impact à long terme de la prééclampsie sur le cerveau a été évalué grâce à la transcriptomique spatiale VISIUM de 10x Genomics. En parallèle, un nouveau modèle surexprimant STOX1B a été généré pour explorer des altérations spécifiques par des analyses histologiques et transcriptomiques placentaires. Résultats : Dans le modèle STOX1A, l'IRM DCE a révélé une diminution de la perfusion placentaire, tandis que l'IRM BOLD a montré une modification de la gestion de l'oxygène. L'imagerie optoacoustique a confirmé la stabilité de la saturation en oxygène sous normoxie et une réponse intacte à l'hypoxie. L'analyse transcriptomique spatiale a révélé des altérations géniques dans des régions cérébrales d'intérêt comme l'hippocampe et le cortex, impliquant des voies associées à des pathologies neurodégénératives et à l'épilepsie. Le modèle STOX1B a, quant à lui, révélé une dérégulation de gènes impliqués dans les processus de coagulation médiés par le facteur transcriptionnel HNF4a, et le métabolisme lipidique, suggérant l'implication de voies de prééclampsie alternatives de celles induites par la surexpression foetoplacentaire de STOX1A. Conclusion : Les études sur STOX1A ont mis en évidence des altérations de la perfusion et de la gestion de l'oxygène au niveau placentaire, tout en révélant des effets à long terme sur le cerveau. L'utilisation d'un modèle complémentaire STOX1B a permis de caractériser des dérégulations géniques spécifiques, élargissant ainsi la compréhension de mécanismes physiopathologiques alternatifs de la prééclampsie. Ces modèles ouvrent la voie à des stratégies thérapeutiques mieux adaptées à chaque mécanisme identifié
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by placental dysfunction, leading to severe complications for both the mother and fetus. The STOX1A murine model reproduces key characteristics of this condition, including hypertension, proteinuria, intrauterine growth restriction, and abnormalities in uterine and umbilical Doppler measurements. The aim of this study is to characterize these placental alterations using functional imaging and to explore the long-term effects on the maternal brain induced by preeclampsia in our model. Additionally, a complementary model overexpressing STOX1B was created to better understand the distinct biological pathways of this isoform. Materials and Methods: The STOX1A model was studied using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to assess placental perfusion, and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI) to evaluate oxygen management. Optoacoustic imaging was used to measure oxygen saturation and its response to hypoxia. The long-term impact of preeclampsia on the brain was evaluated through spatial transcriptomics using 10x Genomics VISIUM technology. In parallel, a new model overexpressing STOX1B was generated to explore specific alterations through placental histological and transcriptomic analyses. Results: In the STOX1A model, DCE-MRI revealed a decrease in placental perfusion, while BOLD-MRI showed altered oxygen management. Optoacoustic imaging confirmed stable oxygen saturation under normoxia and an intact response to hypoxia. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed gene alterations in brain regions of interest such as the hippocampus and cortex, involving pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. The STOX1B model, on the other hand, revealed dysregulation of genes involved in coagulation processes and lipid metabolism, suggesting the involvement of distinct pathways from those observed in STOX1A. Conclusion: Studies on the STOX1A model highlighted alterations in placental perfusion and oxygen management, while also revealing long-term effects on the brain. The use of a complementary STOX1B model allowed the characterization of specific gene dysregulations, thereby expanding the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia. These models pave the way for therapeutic strategies better adapted to each identified mechanism

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Ferrington, Linda. "The acute and long-term effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'ecstasy') upon cerebral and cerebrovascular serotonergic processes." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2004. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7368.

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The amphetamine derivative 3,4,-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") is a recreational drug of abuse, particularly popular among young people with whom it has formed a well-established sub-culture. MDMA is popular for its euphoria-inducing and mild stimulant properties and its popularity continues to rise despite a number of well-publicised cases of MDMA-associated fatalities and evidence of MDMA-induced acute toxicity. MDMA is known to produce an acute efflux of serotonin (5-HT) release in the brains of experimental animals, in which a marked behavioural response is also demonstrated. In the long-term MDMA causes specific neurotoxic damage to serotonergic nerve terminals, a phenomenon which is not demonstrated in other neurotransmitters. MDMA use has been associated with long-term adverse effects on both psychological and physiological health and this may represent a major public health problem given the 2 million people who use the drug in the UK alone. However, there is a perceived imbalance between the relative number of those who use MDMA and the serious adverse effects of the drug and it is possible that these may occur in a more susceptible sub-population of users. This thesis involves in vivo work using the Dark Agouti (DA) rat strain which is known to be more susceptible to MDMA and which may therefore provide an insight in this more susceptible sub-population of human MDMA users. The data presented in this thesis demonstrate that a single exposure to MDMA (15mg.kg-1) has a significal effect upon local cerebral glucose utilisation (LCMRglu) and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in DA rats both acutely and in the longer-term. This work demonstrates that this single dose of MDMA is neurotoxic to serotonergic neurons, inducing up to 80% depletion of serotonergic nerve terminals 6 weeks later. Furthermore, data generated from pharmacological challenges upon animals treated with MDMA 6 weeks earlier demonstrates the existence of compensatory mechanisms which act to normalise LCMRglu and LCBF, despite the persistence of serotonergic depletion. Thus this thesis extends the currently available information regarding acute and long-term effects of MDMA in a vulnerable sub-population of users and also proposes potential theories for the mechanisms of action by which pharmacological compensation for these long-term effects of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity may occur. In addition this thesis examines the effects of previous exposure to MDMA upon physiological challenges that might realistically be encountered by human users of the drug. The nature of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity suggests that human users of MDMA may suffer from untreatable chronic psychosis, and this thesis lends support to the view that currently available first line anti-depressant therapies may not be useful in the treatment of this sub-section of the population.

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Bailey, Craig Donald Charles. "Long-term effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure on the GABA[subscript A] receptor complex in the guinea pig cerebral cortex." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63402.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Bogousslavsky, Julien. Long-Term Effects of Stroke. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Bogousslavsky, Julien. Long-Term Effects of Stroke. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Leys, Didier, Charlotte Cordonnier, and Valeria Caso. Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0067_update_002.

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Stroke is a major public health issue. Many are treatable in the acute stage, provided patients are admitted soon enough. The overall incidence of stroke in Western countries is approximately 2400 per year per million inhabitants, and 80% are due to cerebral ischaemia. The prevalence is approximately 12 000 per million inhabitants. Stroke is associated with increased long-term mortality, handicap, cognitive and behavioural impairments, recurrence, and an increased risk of other types of vascular events. It is of major interest to take the heterogeneity of stroke into account, because of differences in the acute management, secondary prevention, and outcomes, according to the subtype and cause of stroke. In all types of stroke, early epileptic seizures, delirium, increased intracranial pressure, and non-specific complications are frequent. In ischaemic strokes, specific complications, such as malignant infarcts, spontaneous haemorrhagic transformation, early recurrence, and a new ischaemic event in another vascular territory, are frequent. In haemorrhagic strokes, the major complication is the subsequent increased volume of bleeding. There is strong evidence that stroke patients should be treated in dedicated stroke units; each time 24 patients are treated in a stroke unit, instead of a conventional ward, one death and one dependence are prevented. This effect does not depend on age, severity, and the stroke subtype. For this reason, stroke unit care is the cornerstone of the treatment of stroke, aiming at the detection and management of life-threatening emergencies, stabilization of most physiological parameters, and prevention of early complications. In ischaemic strokes, besides this general management, specific therapies include intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, given as soon as possible and before 4.5 hours, mechanical thrombectomy in case of proximal occlusion (middle cerebral artery, intracranial internal carotid artery, basilar artery), on top of thrombolysis in the absence of contraindication or alone otherwise, aspirin 300 mg, immediately or after 24 hours in case of thrombolysis, and, in a few patients, decompressive surgery. In intracerebral haemorrhages, blood pressure lowering and haemostatic therapy, when needed, are the two targets, while surgery does not seem effective to reduce death and disability.

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Magalhaes, Eric, Angelo Polito, Andréa Polito, and Tarek Sharshar. Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0032.

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Brain dysfunction is a major complication of sepsis and is characterized by alteration of consciousness, ranging from delirium to coma and marked electroencephalographic changes. It reflects a constellation of dynamic biological mechanisms, including neurotransmitter imbalance, macro- and microcirculatory dysfunction resulting in ischaemia, endothelial activation, alteration of the blood-brain barrier impairment with passage of neurotoxic mediators, activation of microglial cells within the central nervous system, cumulatively resulting in a neuroinflammatory state. Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction is associated with increased mortality and long-term cognitive decline, whose mechanisms might include microglial activation, axonopathy, or cerebral microinfarction. There is no specific treatment, other than the management of the underlying septic source, correction of physiological and metabolic abnormalities, and limiting the use of medications with neurotoxic effects.

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Leys, Didier, Charlotte Cordonnier, and Valeria Caso. Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0067.

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Stroke is a major public health issue. Many are treatable in the acute stage, provided patients are admitted soon enough. The overall incidence of stroke in Western countries is approximately 2400 per year per million inhabitants, and 80% are due to cerebral ischaemia. The prevalence is approximately 12 000 per million inhabitants. Stroke is associated with increased long-term mortality, handicap, cognitive and behavioural impairments, recurrence, and an increased risk of other types of vascular events. It is of major interest to take the heterogeneity of stroke into account, because of differences in the acute management, secondary prevention, and outcomes, according to the subtype and cause of stroke. In all types of stroke, early epileptic seizures, delirium, increased intracranial pressure, and non-specific complications are frequent. In ischaemic strokes, specific complications, such as malignant infarcts, spontaneous haemorrhagic transformation, early recurrence, and a new ischaemic event in another vascular territory, are frequent. In haemorrhagic strokes, the major complication is the subsequent increased volume of bleeding. There is strong evidence that stroke patients should be treated in dedicated stroke units; each time 24 patients are treated in a stroke unit, instead of a conventional ward, one death and one dependence are prevented. This effect does not depend on age, severity, and the stroke subtype. For this reason, stroke unit care is the cornerstone of the treatment of stroke, aiming at the detection and management of life-threatening emergencies, stabilization of most physiological parameters, and prevention of early complications. In ischaemic strokes, besides this general management, specific therapies include intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, given as soon as possible and before 4.5 hours, otherwise aspirin 300 mg, immediately or after 24 hours in case of thrombolysis, and, in a few patients, decompressive surgery. In intracerebral haemorrhages, blood pressure lowering and haemostatic therapy, when needed, are the two targets, but surgery does not seem effective to reduce death and disability.

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Leys, Didier, Charlotte Cordonnier, and Valeria Caso. Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0067_update_001.

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Stroke is a major public health issue. Many are treatable in the acute stage, provided patients are admitted soon enough. The overall incidence of stroke in Western countries is approximately 2400 per year per million inhabitants, and 80% are due to cerebral ischaemia. The prevalence is approximately 12 000 per million inhabitants. Stroke is associated with increased long-term mortality, handicap, cognitive and behavioural impairments, recurrence, and an increased risk of other types of vascular events. It is of major interest to take the heterogeneity of stroke into account, because of differences in the acute management, secondary prevention, and outcomes, according to the subtype and cause of stroke. In all types of stroke, early epileptic seizures, delirium, increased intracranial pressure, and non-specific complications are frequent. In ischaemic strokes, specific complications, such as malignant infarcts, spontaneous haemorrhagic transformation, early recurrence, and a new ischaemic event in another vascular territory, are frequent. In haemorrhagic strokes, the major complication is the subsequent increased volume of bleeding. There is strong evidence that stroke patients should be treated in dedicated stroke units; each time 24 patients are treated in a stroke unit, instead of a conventional ward, one death and one dependence are prevented. This effect does not depend on age, severity, and the stroke subtype. For this reason, stroke unit care is the cornerstone of the treatment of stroke, aiming at the detection and management of life-threatening emergencies, stabilization of most physiological parameters, and prevention of early complications. In ischaemic strokes, besides this general management, specific therapies include intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, given as soon as possible and before 4.5 hours, otherwise aspirin 300 mg, immediately or after 24 hours in case of thrombolysis, and, in a few patients, decompressive surgery. In intracerebral haemorrhages, blood pressure lowering and haemostatic therapy, when needed, are the two targets, but surgery does not seem effective to reduce death and disability.

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Foggensteiner, Lukas, and Philip Beales. Bardet–Biedl syndrome and other ciliopathies. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0314.

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Ciliopathies encompass a genotypically complex and phenotypically variable and overlapping series of disorders that makes the general term ‘ciliopathies’ very useful. The genes behind these conditions encode parts of the machinery of the primary cilium. This is also true of the major cystic kidney disorders autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, but the ‘long tails’ of other ciliopathies are characterized by variable nephropathy (often without cyst formation), retinopathy, and effects on brain and skeletal development. Not all have substantial renal phenotypes. Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by obesity, retinopathy, nephropathy, and learning difficulty, but renal abnormalities are varied and end-stage renal failure occurs in only a minority. Many BBS genes have been described. Alström syndrome is a rare recessive disorder again associated with obesity and retinopathy, but also deafness and dilated cardiomyopathy. Renal failure is a common but later feature. Joubert syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition but can arise from mutations in at least 10 genes. It has a wide phenotypic variation with a common link being hypodysplasia of the cerebellar vermis and other abnormalities giving rise to the ‘molar tooth sign’ on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scanning, associated with hypotonia in infancy, central ataxia, ocular apraxia, developmental delay, and varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Jeune syndrome is a recessive condition characterized by osteochondrodysplasia which can give rise to hypodevelopment of the chest wall known as suffocating thoracic dystrophy, in addition to other manifestations.

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Частини книг з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Danielsen, Else R., Allan M. Lund, and Carsten Thomsen. "Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Demonstrates Long-Term Effect of Bone Marrow Transplantation in α-Mannosidosis." In JIMD Reports, 49–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2013_221.

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Peper, M., P. Schraube, B. Kimmig, C. Wagensommer, M. Wannenmacher, and R. Haas. "Long-Term Cerebral Side-Effects of Total Body Irradiation and Quality of Life." In Acute and Long-Term Side-Effects of Radiotherapy, 219–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84892-6_19.

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Hagendorff, A., J. Grote, C. Haller, K. Zimmer, C. Dettmers, A. Nierhaus, and A. Hartmann. "The Effects of Transient and Long-Term Ischemia on Tissue PO2 in the Brain Cortex." In Cerebral Ischemia and Calcium, 111–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85863-5_14.

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Viso, Rene, Ivan Lylyk, Nicolas Perez, Esteban Scrivano, and Pedro Lylyk. "Anterior Cerebral Artery (A1 Segment) Aneurysm: Giant Partially Thrombosed A1 Aneurysm with Mass Effect, Treated with a Pipeline Embolization Device, Complete Resolution of the Mass Effect, and Modification of the Shape of the Implant During Long-Term Follow-Up." In The Aneurysm Casebook, 563–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77827-3_150.

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Viso, Rene, Ivan Lylyk, Nicolas Perez, Esteban Scrivano, and Pedro Lylyk. "Anterior Cerebral Artery (A1 Segment) Aneurysm: Giant Partially Thrombosed A1 Aneurysm with Mass Effect, Treated with a Pipeline Embolization Device, Complete Resolution of the Mass Effect, and Modification of the Shape of the Implant During Long-Term Follow-Up." In The Aneurysm Casebook, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70267-4_150-1.

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Poggel, Dorothe A., Erich Kasten, Eva M. Müller- Oehring, and Bernhard A. Sabel. "Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Selective Visuo-Spatial Attention on Visual Field Defects in Patients With Cerebral Lesions." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 195–203. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_18.

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Huntley, James S., and Lyndon J. Bradley. "The Evidence Base for Botulinum Toxin Injection for the Treatment of Cerebral Palsy–Related Spasticity in the Lower Limb: The Long-Term Effects." In Paediatric Orthopaedics, 369–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41142-2_39.

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Silva, Pedro Leme, Gary Nieman, Paolo Pelosi, and Patricia RM Rocco. "Extrapulmonary Effects of Positive-pressure Ventilation." In Oxford Textbook of Respiratory Critical Care, 115–22. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766438.003.0013.

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Abstract Summary One of the consequences of positive-pressure ventilation is an increase in intrathoracic pressure. This leads to several negative consequences, both in organs situated within the mediastinum and remotely. First, haemodynamic changes can affect cardiovascular performance, cerebral perfusion pressure, and drainage of renal veins. Second, the negative effect of mechanical ventilation on the alveolar–capillary membrane may cause inflammation in susceptible distal organs, such as the central nervous system, kidney, and liver. Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) impairs lung and peripheral organ function. The ideal combinations of mechanical ventilation settings necessary to optimize both respiratory function and haemodynamics in the presence of IAH have yet to be elucidated. Finally, ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction is discussed. Understanding the effects of positive-pressure ventilation on extrapulmonary organs is important to prevent multiple organ dysfunction and improve long-term outcomes after discharge from the intensive care unit.

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Oksa Juha, Racinais Sebastien, and Hue Olivier. "Exercise in Hot and Cold Environments." In Biomedical and Health Research. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-497-9-403.

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Under some circumstances, an increase in muscle temperature can improve muscle force production, while long duration performances are impaired in hot environment. Historically, studies have focused on the increased skin blood flow and reduced blood supply to the muscle to explain a diminished exercising capacity. More recently, central and possibly cerebral temperature have been implicated as important factors that limit exercise in hot environments. With hyperthermia (core temperature above 38.5°C), muscle force production becomes impaired due to a decrement in muscle voluntary activation. At the opposite, when humans are exposed to cold ambient temperatures cooling may occur, and even while exercising, when body heat production is increased, this may result in subnormal body temperatures. It is well verified that subnormal body and especially muscle temperature has an adverse effect on performance capacity: in fact, a dose response relationship between fall in muscle temperature and decrease in performance has been established. While maximal performance capacity is decreased the requirements for being able to perform the same amount of work in cold environment in relation to thermoneutral is increased. This leads to an increased relative strain of a given exercise leading to an increased level of fatigue or the fatigue occurs earlier during exercise. This needs to be taken into account when targeting exercise programs and/or planning work or recreational long term exposures to cold.

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McGuire, William, and Peter W. Fowlie. "Long-term Effects of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants." In 50 Studies Every Neonatologist Should Know, edited by Susanne Hay, Roger F. Soll, Barbara Schmidt, Haresh Kirpalani, and John Zupancic, 235–39. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197646953.003.0037.

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Abstract The TIPP investigators assessed whether prophylactic indomethacin, used to reduce the incidence of PDA and severe IVH, reduced the risk of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. This multicenter trial assigned 1202 infants, soon after birth, to receive indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg) or placebo intravenously once daily for 3 days. The primary outcome was a composite of death, cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, deafness, or blindness at 18 months’ post-term. This composite outcome was found to be similar in the intervention and placebo cohorts (47% versus 46%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4). Severe periventricular hemorrhage, but not other intracranial abnormalities seen on cerebral ultrasound, was lower in the indomethacin group (9% versus 13%; OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9, p = 0.02).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Ignatieva, Olga I., and Natalia G. Tokareva. "Cognitive impairments in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.utii3716.

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Cognitive impairments, such as memory and intelligence, attention and mental performance, usually suffer in diffuse brain damage, in particular in chronic cerebral ischemia. However, they can also occur in focal brain lesions, such as cerebral infarcts, reaching the degree of dementia. The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of non-dementia cognitive disorders in patients with the consequences of cerebral infarction. We examined 30 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia with cerebral infarction at the age of 58-66 years (M=62.4) and a similar comparison group was chosen. The main results of the cognitive status assessment in patients with CHEM with suffered cerebral infarction showed a decrease in short-term visual and figurative memory, more so in men and with increasing age. There were also decreased productivity of attention, decreased level of abstract thinking, and weakened connection between logical thinking and attention, more pronounced in men and in the older age group. With a disease duration of more than 3 years, the volume of figurative memory and the abstract component of thinking decreased. The main conclusions are: cognitive disorders developing against the background of CIM worsen to a greater extent in men, in persons older than 60 years and in 3 years from the moment of cerebral infarction; short-term medication therapy has no significant effect on cognitive dysfunction, the significance of these results determines the need for long-term, at least 6 months, rehabilitative medication therapy.

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Machado, Luiza, Camila Santos, Bianca Leonardi, Andréia Rocha, Igor Fontana, Bruna Bellaver, Gianina Venturin, et al. "ACUTE PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION IMPACT ON CEREBRAL GLUCOSE METABOLISM." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda072.

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Background: Neuroinflammation is a phenomenon already described in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the effect of peripheral inflammation in AD is less understood. We recently demonstrated that severe sepsis causes acute brain metabolic disturbances. Nevertheless, whether mild acute peripheral inflammation affects brain metabolism remains unclear. Objective: We aimed at investigating the impact of mild acute peritonitis on glucose brain metabolism. Methods: Adult male wistar rats (n=6, per group) received a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 ml of carrageenan (CG, 500 µg of carrageenan i.p.) or saline (CO). Brain glucose metabolism was assessed using (18F) FDG-PET 4h after i.p. injections, which represents the first peak of inflammation. The peripheral inflammatory process was evaluated by analyzing the peritoneal lavage in a flow cytometer 48h after the injections, during the second peak of inflammation. Results: The CG animals presented a 5-fold increase in macrophages numbers (p0,05). However, carrageenan-induced inflammation did not cause acute changes in brain glucose metabolism (p>0,05). Conclusion: Mild acute peripheral inflammation does not change brain glucose metabolism. Further evaluations aiming to investigate long-term consequences of sustained mild inflammation are needed.

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Ali, M., Z. Zitterkopf, A. Aly, R. Walter, A. Mironov, and J. Stavas. "O-033 Ruptured symptomatic cerebral artery aneurysms versus un-ruptured asymptomatic aneurysms: is there a protective effect of long-term aspirin use against aneurysm rupture?" In SNIS 15TH ANNUAL MEETING, July 23–26, 2018, Hilton San Francisco Union Square San Francisco, CA. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-snis.33.

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Lieber, Baruch B., Chander Sadasivan, Matthew J. Gounis, and Ajay K. Wakhloo. "The Role of Blood Impulse in Cerebral Aneurysm Coil Compaction: Effect of Aneurysm Neck Size." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43099.

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Endovascular occlusion of cerebral aneurysms with bare platinum detachable coils is now recognized as preferable to surgical clipping (ISUIA Group, 2003, ISAT Group, 2002, Bavinzski et al, 1995, Thornton et al, 2002). Dependent on coil packing density (the ratio of the coil volume deposited in an aneurysm to that of the aneurysm volume), aneurysm location, size and neck width, coil compaction with recanalization of the aneurysm remains in the long-term a major concern. The aneurysm neck size is reported to be the main predictor for aneurysm recanalization (Fernandez-Zubillaga et al, 1994). The forces exerted on the coil mass at the aneurysm neck due to blood pulsatility are larger for wide neck aneurysms as compared to small neck aneurysms (Bavinzski et al, 1995). However, impingement forces have not been evaluated. We evaluated the force impinging on the aneurysm neck in a simplified aneurysm (basilar top) geometry utilizing the impulse-momentum equation and Womersley’s flow. Maximum impingement force as a function of aneurysm neck to parent lumen diameter ratio varies as a sigmoid curve. Analysis of the hemodynamic forces affecting coil compaction in cerebral aneurysms shows that the coil mass at the aneurysm neck may be subjected to cyclic impulse impingement due to redirection of blood momentum. Orientation of the aneurysm neck and the main axis of the aneurysm in relation to the oncoming parent vessel flow may help clinicians predict the risk of coil compaction and the location of subsequent aneurysm recanalization.

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Кудабаева, Марина Станиславовна, Андрей Евгеньевич Акулов, Анна Олеговна Пищелко, Михаил Васильевич Светлик, and Марина Юрьевна Ходанович. "SUTURE SIZE OPTIMIZATION IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt187.2020.38.57.004.

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На модели окклюзии срединой церебральной артерии (MCAO) у крыс исследовано влияние параметров монофиламента, используемого для проведения операции, на объем ишемического поражения мозга. Установлена оптимальная длина наконечника филамента, обеспечивающая такой объем ишемического поражения, который позволяет обеспечить хорошую выживаемость животных в сочетании с другими инвазивными процедурами в хроническом эксперименте. In middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) in rats surgical suture characteristics were analyzed as parameters that can effect on ischemic lesion size. Optimal suture lenght was assigned for inducing ischemic lesion size that facilitates animal survival in long-term experiment, if MCAO and other invasive procedures are combined.

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Tsai, William W., O¨mer Savas, Duncan Maitland, Jason Ortega, Ward Small, Thomas S. Wilson, and David Saloner. "Experimental Study of the Vascular Dynamics of a Saccular Basilar Aneurysm." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14662.

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A majority of patients who suffer hemorrhaging as a result of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm experience reduced quality of life, long term brain damage, or death. Improved understanding of the flow patterns in cerebral aneurysms will lead to better techniques for their detection and treatment. Experiments are conducted in a generic flow phantom to characterize the basic behavior of blood flow in basilar saccular aneurysms. The test setup models a saccular aneurysm that forms at the bifurcation of the basilar artery into the Circle of Willis. Three input flow conditions are tested: a physiological flow waveform obtained from Kato (2002) [1] and two steady flow conditions corresponding to the peak and mean flow rates of the physiological flow waveform. Steady cases are examined to study the effect of increasing Reynolds number on the flow and the pulsatile case to quantify unsteady effects. The results reveal highly three dimensional flow patterns within the aneurysm. Velocity and vorticity fluctuations are extracted to investigate the nature of the unsteady flows. Wall shear stress is estimated around the aneurysm dome to examine its role in wall weakening and failure.

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Bieru, Denisa. "LONG TERM PHYSICAL EFFORT EFFECTS OVER CEREBRAL ACTIVITY." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.3/s12.047.

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Nye, Kevin S., M. Sean Esplin, and Kenneth L. Monson. "Umbilical Cord Artery Mechanical Properties in Pre-Term Neonates at Various Ages." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80484.

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Premature and very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are susceptible to numerous injuries during, and after parturition. If these injuries are neurological in nature, they can result in long-term cognitive and motor skill deficiencies. Cerebral hemorrhaging is a disease that has disastrous consequences on preterm and VLBW infants, and the mechanism for this type of hemorrhaging is currently not known. Bleeding in the ventricle region of the brain is termed intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and occurs in 32% of infants with birth weights less than 1500 grams and born prior to 32 weeks gestation[1]; 75% of these will experience long-term neurological disabilities[2]. A lack of tissue structure of the cerebral vasculature in early stages of development is a possible underlying cause for such high occurrences of IVH[3,4,5]. Mechanical characterization of neonatal vasculature could show structural underdevelopment as the underlying cause of IVH and provide valuable insight into neonatal vascular development. We previously characterized the mechanical properties of whole umbilical cord arteries and found a correlation between vessel stiffness and gestational age[6]. Considerations of the helical structure of late term umbilical cord vessels prompted a revisit of the characterization of the vessels with altered testing methods. To negate the effects of the vessels’ tortuous structure on stiffness values, we tested axial and circumferential small strips of human umbilical cord artery at various gestational time.

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Ungureanu, Florina, Corina Cimpanu, and Tiberius Dumitriu. "THE IMPACT OF LEARNING THROUGH COGNITIVE LOAD ASSESSMENT AND EMOTIONAL STATE EVALUATION." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-118.

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The cognitive load (CL) and the emotion that encompasses each learning process, despite its type or level, represent very challenging aspects of a learning process, their assessment being difficult mainly due to the subjective appreciation. On the other hand, nowadays, students learn by spending the majority of their time on using digital devices. Therefore, analyzing the emotional state during learning, evaluating the visual effort, and assessing the cognitive load level, all induced by the use of software applications or electronic devices, becomes a necessity. Emotions are defined as mental and physiological sensorial states that influence human perception, thinking, experience, learning, behavior, and decision making. They are apprehended as a short and conscious experience characterized by an intense mental activity classified between negative or unpleasant and positive or pleasant feelings. Some peripheral physiological signals as heart rate, arterial pressure, electrodermal activity, or body temperature reflect the excitement level, but they're unable to decern the positivity and the negativity relative to a reference state. A student's concentration effort or its emotional state could be evaluated as well by using precise measurements of the pupil dimension of the blinking frequency or the eye movement. Instruction should aim to reduce the extrinsic CL and to optimize the intrinsic CL enhancing the learning relevant CL. Nevertheless, only EEG signals offer precise information concerning the emotional state and the CL level through sensors placed on the scalp according to the functioning of the cerebral lobes and their reactions to certain short-term or long-term stimuli. Recording and processing physiological signals or cerebral waves are some of the most explored solutions of the last decade that are leading to encouraging results. This paper mainly studies and illustrates some approaches to evaluating the cognitive load and emotional state of students during a learning process. Essentially, this paper focuses on elaborating experimental sessions, choosing the proper stimulus and equipment, exploiting adequate recording and preprocessing methods for the involved physiological information, and engaging artificial intelligence techniques for feature selection and data classification to achieve the best calibration, appreciation, and monitoring of a learning process.

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Baybuz, L. A., N. G. Perevalova, and V. Y. Makarov. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONE THERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER SUFFERING COVID-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-54-58.

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Abstract: The consequences of the transferred new coronavirus infection are currently not well understood, but the neurotropicity of SARS-CoV-2 is beyond doubt. In the manifestations of postcoid syndrome, damage to the central nervous system is dominant and requires timely diagnosis and correction, incl. at the rehabilitation stage of medical care. The introduction of highly effective non-drug methods of treatment with a small number of side effects is an urgent task of modern medicine. Such methods of treatment can include ozone therapy - the use of an ozone-oxygen mixture (ACS) for therapeutic purposes, which significantly improves blood microcirculation and oxygenation of ischemic tissues due to its fibrinolytic activity and antiaggregatory properties, and therapeutic doses of ozone are able to correct the lipid profile of patients due to reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. In the range of therapeutic concentrations, ozone exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiviral, and detoxification effects. This article presents the experience of using ozone therapy in patients who have undergone covid-associated pneumonia (CT1-CT4) with postcoid syndrome and a predominant lesion of the central nervous system. The analysis of the dynamics of symptoms in a group of patients who underwent a course of ozone therapy in comparison with a group where ozone therapy was contraindicated is presented. The defeat of the central nervous system was represented by the following syndromes and symptoms, both individually and in combination: - cerebrasthenic syndrome, incl. anxiety, insomnia, decreased or lack of appetite, unstable mood background, weakness, fatigue - 94% - cerebral syndrome (headaches, constant "fog in the head", less often dizziness, decreased memory and attention, impaired sensitivity like anosmia, hyposmia) - 62%, incl. loss of memory and attention was observed in 42%, anosmia and hyposmia occurred in 11% of cases. The severity of certain symptoms was manifested depending on the age, the severity of the disease, the timing of the beginning of rehabilitation measures and the comorbid background. Diagnostics of the lesion of the central nervous system by coronavirus in patients was carried out by the methods of questioning complaints, dynamic observation, using the questionnaire for assessing the quality of life EQ-5D. In addition, in both groups of patients, the assessment of the severity of the main syndromes in points from 0 to 10 was carried out using a questionnaire at the beginning of the rehabilitation course and at the end of it. Evaluation of the results at discharge was carried out using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The use of an ozone-oxygen gas mixture in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with postcoid syndrome and a predominant CNS lesion can reduce the intensity or completely stop cerebroasthenic and cerebral syndromes, completely restore taste and smell, and improve certain cognitive functions. This will improve the quality of life of patients, their social adaptation and reduce the drug load. The syndromic complex of CNS lesions, which remains in a certain volume, even after a comprehensive rehabilitation program with ozone therapy, indicates the need for long-term follow-up, clinical examination and medical rehabilitation of patients after a new coronavirus infection.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Long-Term cerebral effect"

Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.

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Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang, and Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.

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