Дисертації з теми "Long range displacement sensor"

L’objectif de la thèse est de réaliser un système de convoyage flexible permettant de déplacer des micro-objets. Ce système pourra être amené à être intégré dans une micro-usine ce qui nécessite une forte reconfigurabilité et une faible consommation d’énergie. Ces deux critères ont donc été considérés lors de la conception du système de convoyage. Ce dernier est basé sur un actionneur planaire électromagnétique, développé au sein du laboratoire Roberval, et sur une surface intelligente composée de 5 × 5 cellules élémentaires permettant chacune de déplacer la partie mobile dans les deux directions du plan et des rotations autour de l'axe perpendiculaire au plan. Un modèle analytique de l’actionneur a été développé afin de calculer les efforts électromagnétiques ainsi que le déplacement de la partie mobile. Ce modèle a été utilisé lors de la phase de conception du système de convoyage. Un prototype expérimental a ensuite été fabriqué et testé ce qui a permis de valider le principe de fonctionnement proposé. Des tests expérimentaux ont montré la possibilité de réaliser des déplacements de grande étendue dans les deux directions du plan. De multiples tests expérimentaux (pilotage en boucle ouverte, caractérisation des performances telles que rectitude de déplacement, répétabilité de positionnement, charge déplaçable, …) a été réalisée afin de qualifier les performances du système de convoyage. Les points sur la réalisation : - Une modélisation statique sous RADIA a été développée afin de concevoir la surface intelligente notamment la zone de transition entre deux cellules voisines. Une modélisation dynamique réalisée sous MATLAB a permis de simuler le comportement d’un moteur en boucle ouverte et en boucle fermée. - Un prototype de surface intelligente, composé d’un circuit imprimé multicouches (4 couches) de dimensions 130 mm x 130 mm, a été conçu sous EAGLE software. L’influence de la distance entre les deux premières couches a été étudiée à l’aide des modèles développés afin d'assurer un déplacement uniforme dans les deux directions. - Un test expérimental avec LABVIEW interface d'une cellule élémentaire de la surface intelligente avec une partie mobile composée de deux moteurs magnétiques orthogonaux a été réalisé et a permis de valider le fonctionnement du système de convoyage dans les deux directions du plan. - Une autre série de tests avec LABVIEW interface a été réalisée afin de valider expérimentalement le déplacement de la partie mobile avec la surface intelligente au niveau des zones de transition entre les cellules élémentaires. Ces tests expérimentaux ont montré des déplacements de grande étendue dans les deux directions du plan et de rotation autour de l'axe perpendiculaire au plan. Des déplacements de grande étendue et des rotations de la partie mobile ont été mesurés à l’aide d’une méthode de traitement d'image réalisée sous MATLAB. - Parallèlement, on a étudié un capteur à déplacement optique à haute résolution qui peut être intégré dans le convoyeur. Un algorithme robuste pour le traitement du signal de capteur à fibres optiques à haute résolution pour mesurer de déplacement est développé. Dans cet algorithme, la position optimale de la partie mobile est déterminée pour obtenir un basculement sans arrêt entre les sondes et l'algorithme est implémenté sous MATLAB et validée par la mise en œuvre des signaux expérimentaux. Ces travaux de thèse ont été publiés dans une revue internationale (Computers in Industry (COMIND)) et présentés dans des congrès internationaux (IEEE Sensors, REM Mechatronics, AIM, IWMF) pendant les années 2011 à 2016
The aim of the thesis is to provide a flexible conveyor system for moving micro-objects. The system may need to be integrated into a micro-factory which requires high reconfigurability and low power consumption. These two criteria have been considered in the design of the conveyor system. The conveyor is based on a planar electromagnetic actuator developed in the Laboratoire Roberval of the UTC, and on smart surface composed of 5 x 5 unit cells; each ceii moves th movable part in the two directions of the plane. An analytical model of the actuator has been developed in order to calculate the electromagnetic forces and the displacement of the mobile part. This modei has been used during the design phase of the conveying system. An experimental prototype is then manufactured and tested which has validated the proposed principle of operation. Experimental tests have shown the ability to perform wide area displacement in both directions of the plane. Numerous experimental tests (control in open loop and closed loop performance characterization as straightness of movement, position repeatability, coupled- decoupled analysis...) have been done to qualify the performance of the conveyor system. Experiments for rotations about the axis perpendicular to the olane have also been performed successfully. Work synthesis: - Static modeling under RADIA was developed in order to design the conveyor surface especially for the transitio zone between two neighboring cells. A dynamic modeling under MATLAB allowed to simulate the behavior of single axis motor in open loop and closed loop control. - A conveyor surface prototype, consisting of a multilayer printed circuit board (4 layers) of dimensions 130 mm x 130 mm, was designed under EAGLE software. The influence of the distance between the first two layers was studied using the developed models to ensure uniform displacement in both the directions. - The experimental tests (with LABVIEW interface) of an elementary cell of the intelligent surface with a moving part composed of two orthogonal magnetic motors has been carried out that allowed to validate the operation of the conveying system in both directions of the plane. - Another series of tests with LABVIEW interface were carried out in order to validate experimentally the displacement of the mobile part with the smart surface at the transition zones between the elementary cells. - These experimental tests showed displacements of great extent in the two directions of the plane and of rotation about the axis perpendicular to the plane. - Long displacements and rotations of the moving part were measured using image processing algorithm developed in MATLAB. - At the same time, a high resolution fiber optic displacement sensor was studied that can be integrated into the conveyor surface locally for the precise positioning. A robust signal processing algorithm for high resolution displacement measurement was developed. In this algorithm, - The optimum position of the movable part is determined in order to obtain a continuous switching betwee the two fiber optic probes ; - The usable parts of the signals obtained from two probes were then filtered to measure the displacement using interpolation method ; The algorithm is implemented under MATLAB and validated by the implementation of the experimental signals. The work have been published in an international journal (Computers in Industry (COMIND)) and presented at international congresses (IEEE Sensors, REM Mechatronics, AIM, IWMF) during the years 2011 to 2016

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126).
by Daniel Rea McMahill.
M.S.

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are one set of technologies that are growing in the eld of the Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the long range capabilities and low energy consumption, Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are the ideal technologies to send small data occasionally. With their unique characteristics, LPWANs can be used in many applications and in di erent environments such as urban, rural and even indoor. The work developed in this dissertation presents a study on the LPWAN LoRa technology, by testing and evaluate its range, signal quality properties and its performance in delivering data. For this, three distinct scenarios are proposed and tested. The inclusion of LoRa in a multi-technology data gathering platform is the key objective of this dissertation. For this it is proposed: (1) an organization based in clusters of sensor nodes; (2) a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol to provide e cient communications through the LoRa technology; and nally, (3) a Connection Manager that is capable of managing the di erent available technologies in the sensor nodes and that is able to adapt its actions according to the acquired data type is proposed. The performed tests aim to perceive which type of parameters can in uence the performance of the overall proposed solution, as well as the advantages of a multi-technology approach in a data gathering platform.
Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) são um conjunto de tecnologias em crescimento na área da Internet of Things (IoT). Devido ás suas capacidades de comunicar a longo alcance e de baixo consumo energético, as LPWANs apresentam-se como a tecnologia ideal para o envio ocasional de pequenas porções de dados. Ao possuírem características únicas, as LPWANs podem ser usadas em diversas aplicações e em diferentes ambientes, sejam eles urbanos, rurais ou interiores. O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação apresenta um estudo acerca da tecnologia Long Range (LoRa), uma LPWAN, testando e avaliando o seu alcance, a qualidade do sinal e o desempenho na entrega de dados. Para isso, três cenários distintos são propostos e testados. A inclusão de LoRa numa plataforma de aquisição de dados com múltiplas tecnologias e um dos objectivos chave desta dissertação. Para isso, são propostas: (1) uma organização baseada em clusters de sensores; (2) um protocolo de controlo de acesso ao meio (MAC) para permitir que as comunicações através de LoRa sejam eficientes; e finalmente, (3) um gestor de conectividade com capacidade de gerir as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis nos sensores e que seja capaz de agir consoante o tipo de dados adquiridos. Os testes efectuados tem como objectivo perceber que tipo de parâmetros podem influenciar o desempenho global da soluçao proposta, bem como as vantagens de usar uma abordagem baseada em múltiplas tecnologias numa plataforma de aquisição de dados.

Greenhouse gas emissions in indoor or outdoor areas are dangerous and can have short- or long-term effects on people’s health. There are several methods to monitor the air quality in such environments. This thesis project attempts to design and evaluate a wireless sensor network with two main characteristics such as long range and low power consumption. The sensor network is built upon Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol and is composed of sensor nodes and gateways. The sensor nodes are built upon a Raspberry Pi model 3B, a LoRa SX1276 transceiver and gas sensors. The sensors are intended to measure CO2, CH4, temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The collected data is then logged and sent to The Things Network (TTN) via a backhaul connection.

Mapping is one of the main components of autonomous robots, and consist in the construction of a model of their environment based on the information gathered by different sensors over time. Those maps will have different attributes depending on the type of sensor used for the reconstruction. In this thesis we focus on RGBD cameras and LiDARs. The acquired data with cameras is dense, but the range is short and the construction of large scale and consistent maps is more challenging. LiDARs are the exact opposite, they give sparse data but can measure long ranges accurately and therefore support large scale mapping better. The thesis presents a method that uses both types of sensors with the purpose of combine their strengths and reduce their weaknesses. The evaluation of the system is done in an indoor environment, and with an autonomous robot. The result of the thesis shows a map that is robust in large environments and has dense information of the surroundings.
Kartläggning är en av huvudkomponenterna för autonoma robotar, och består av att bygga en modell av miljön utifrån informationen som samlats in av olika sensorer över tid. Dessa kartor kommer att ha olika attribut beroende på vilken typ av sensor som används för rekonstruktionen. I denna avhandling är fokus på RGBD-kameror och LiDARs. Datan från kameror är kompakt men kan bara mäta korta sträckor och det är utmanande att konstruera storskaliga och konsistenta kartor. LiDARs är exakt motsatta, de ger gles data men kan mäta långa avstånd noggrant och stödjer därför storskalig kartering bättre. Avhandlingen presenterar en metod som använder båda typerna av sensorer i syfte att kombinera deras styrkor och minska svagheterna. Utvärderingen av systemet sker i en inomhusmiljö och med en autonom robot. Resultatet av avhandlingen visar en karta som är robust i stora miljöer och har tät information om omgivningen.

Les progrès des technologies de communication à faible consommation d’énergie et à faible cout ont révolutionne les applications de télédétection et de surveillance. L’Internet des objets (IoT) a promis la création d’un écosystème d’appareils connectes à travers un large éventail d’applications, telles que les villes intelligentes. A l’heure actuelle, de nombreuses normes et technologies concurrentes tentent de saisir l’IoT, en particulier dans le domaine des technologies de télédétection et de communication. LoRa (Long Range) est l’une de ces technologies qui gagne en popularité et en attraction dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN). La possibilité d’établir des communications longue distance avec des nœuds relativement simples, une infrastructure minimale, des besoins en énergie réduits et l’utilisation de bandes ISM sans licence offre un avantage concurrentiel significatif. Bien que la portée de communication dans LoRa puisse dépasser 15 kilomètres en visibilité directe, le débit binaire maximal pouvant être atteint est limite à quelques kilobits par seconde. De plus, lorsqu’une collision se produit dans LoRa, le débit est encore réduit en raison de pertes de trames et de retransmissions. Les travaux de cette thèse traitent le problème des collisions dans LoRa qui peuvent survenir sous une charge importante et qui dégradent les performances du réseau.Premièrement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison montante dans LoRaWAN. Nous étudions le contexte des signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, ou chaque appareil terminal doit retransmettre toute sa trame en collision après qu’une collision se produit dans LoRa. Ce comportement diminue le débit global et augmente la consommation d’énergie des terminaux et le délai des trames. Pour cette raison, afin d’atténuer les effets néfastes des collisions, nous avons proposé un algorithme de décodage pour résoudre les signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, dans un trafic réseau sature et confirme. Nous avons remplacé le modèle de retransmission conventionnel de LoRa en un modèle faisant en sorte que les dispositifs terminaux transmettent des bitmaps au lieu de retransmettre des trames entières pour déterminer les symboles corrects de chaque trame en collision. Notre algorithme a pu améliorer significativement le débit global de la couche LoRaWAN MAC à base de LoRa, et diminuer la consommation d’énergie des émetteurs et le délai des trames.Deuxièmement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison descendante dans LoRaWAN. Nous avons remarqué que la liaison descendante dans LoRa est un goulot d’étranglements. Nous avons donc travaillé sur la sélection de la passerelle par le serveur de réseau et son impact sur le débit, la consommation d’énergie et le délai. Nous avons étudié trois types de déploiement de passerelle et nous avons montre que les performances du système dépendent de ce déploiement. Nous avons montré que l’équilibrage du nombre de terminaux par passerelle (également connu sous le nom de charge) améliore le débit par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal. En outre, nous avons montré que la combinaison de la charge et de la qualité du signal n’améliore pas davantage le débit. De plus, nous avons montré que le choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal diminue le délai des trames et la consommation d’énergie des terminaux par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la charge la plus faible
The progress in low-energy, low-cost communication technologies have revolutionized remote sensing and monitoring applications. Internet of Things (IoT) has promised an ecosystem of connected devices across a wide range of applications such as in smart cities.Currently, many competing standards and technologies are attempting to seize the IoT, particularly in the area of remote sensing and communication technologies. LoRa (Long Range) is one of those technologies that is gaining popularity and attraction in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications. The ability to make long-distance communications with relatively simple nodes, minimal infrastructure, reduced power requirements, and the use of unlicensed ISM bands provides a significant competitive advantage. Although the communication range in LoRa can exceed 15 kilometers in line of sight, the maximum bit rate that can be achieved is limited to few kilobits per second. Additionally, when a collision occurs in LoRa, the throughput is further reduced due to frame losses and retransmissions. The work of this thesis deals with the problem of collisions in LoRa that may occur under heavy load, and which degrade the performance of the network.First, we consider the context for LoRaWAN uplink communications. We study the context of fully synchronized colliding LoRa signals, where each end-device has to retransmit its entire colliding frame after a collision occurs in LoRa. This behavior decreases the overall throughput, and increases the energy consumption of the end-devices, and the delay of the frames. Therefore, in order to mitigate the damaging effects of collisions, we proposed a decoding algorithm to resolve synchronized colliding LoRa signals, in a saturated and confirmed network traffic. We substituted the conventional retransmission model of LoRa by having end-devices transmitting bitmaps instead of retransmitting whole frames to determine the correct symbols of each colliding frame. Our algorithm was able to significantly improve the overall throughput of the LoRaWAN MAC layer based on LoRa, and to decrease the energy consumption of the transmitters and the delay of the frames.Second, we consider the context for LoRaWAN downlink communications. We noticed that the downlink in LoRa is a bottleneck. Hence, we worked on the gateway selection by the network server and its impact on the throughput, the energy consumption and the delay. We studied three types of gateway deployment and we show that the system performance depends on this deployment. We showed that balancing the number of end-devices per gateway (also known as load) improves the throughput compared to choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality. Moreover, we showed that combining load and signal quality does not further improve the throughput. In addition, we showed that choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality decreases the delay and energy consumption compared to choosing the gateway with the lowest load

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.
Title from document title page (viewed on August 22, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains: x, 56 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).

This dissertation investigates the use of the harmonic radar technique for passive wireless sensing applications. Issues of DC power consumption, high RF activation power, large node size, and short communication range associated with the existing passive wireless sensing technologies are addressed by the development of novel, completely passive, high efficiency, compact 3-D harmonic sensor nodes. The node transceiver employs a passive frequency doubler to return the second harmonic of the interrogation signal, and electrically-small 3-D antennas to achieve the compactness and high efficiency. The developed nodes fit inside a sphere with a diameter < 3 cm and achieve communication range > 60 m using a 43 dBm EIRP interrogator. Effective modulation is demonstrated experimentally using low cost commercial vibration sensors. To address major challenges associated with long-range, embedded, passive wireless sensing including sensor node identification and remote channel calibration, a 3-D dual-channel transceiver is developed. To the best of the author's knowledge, the presented dual-channel transceiver is the first completely passive design with built-in passive remote channel calibration and identification capabilities, and the presented nodes have the best overall performance among previously published designs, in terms of conversion efficiency, communication range, and occupied volume. To reduce the cost and weight and improve the manufacturing process of the proposed nodes, the 3-D digital additive manufacturing and conformal direct printing technologies are employed. The harmonic interrogator antenna design is also an underlying focus of this work. Different interrogator antenna candidates are developed based on different design approaches. The first approach is based on the use of dual-channel antenna array, where one channel is used for transmission and the second channel is used for reception. Two dual-channel harmonic interrogator antennas that consist of 4-element circular patch antenna arrays and 2-element quasi-Yagi dipole antenna arrays are implemented. The second approach employs mechanically reconfigurable antennas to reduce the size and maintain persistent radiation properties over wide frequency bandwidth. Two mechanical reconfiguration methods are developed; the first method is based on the use of Hoberman's planar foldable linkage to vary the operating frequency of planar circular patch antennas and the second mechanical reconfiguration method is based on the use of a rack and pinion mechanism to reconfigure dual-band slot antennas. The third approach employs a single channel multi-octave Vivaldi antenna to provide the capability to interrogate a large number of harmonic tags that are widely spaced in frequency. To improve the antenna radiation performance over a broad frequency range, a new method based on the introduction of a parasitic elliptical patch in the flare aperture is proposed. This method enables gain and bandwidth improvement compared to what has been reported for Vivaldi antennas with a compact size. To provide the interrogator the capability to steer the radiation beam for locating and tracking sensor nodes, a topology to develop a miniature, non-dispersive switchable 4-bit phase shifter is proposed on the basis of composite right/left handed transmission line unit cells.

L'avènement de l'Internet des Objets a permis de déployer de nombreux réseaux de capteurs sans-fil. Ces réseaux sont utilisés dans des domaines aussi variés que l'agriculture, l'industrie ou la ville intelligente, où ils permettent d'optimiser finement les processus. Ces appareils sont le plus souvent alimentés par des piles ou batteries, ce qui limite leur autonomie. De plus, il n'est pas toujours possible ou financièrement viable de changer ou recharger les batteries. Une solution possible est d'alimenter ces capteurs en récupérant l'énergie présente dans l'environnement alentour. Ces sources d'énergie sont cependant peu fiables, et le capteur doit être capable d'éviter de vider complètement sa réserve d'énergie. Afin de moduler sa consommation d'énergie, le capteur peut adapter sa qualité de service à ses capacités énergétiques. L'appareil peut ainsi fonctionner en continu sans interruption de service. Cette thèse présente les méthodes utilisées pour la conception d'un capteur entièrement autonome alimenté par récupération d'énergie ambiante, communiquant sur un réseau longue portée LoRa. Afin d'assurer l'alimentation électrique, une carte permettant de récupérer de l'énergie depuis plusieurs sources d'énergie simultanément a été conçue. Un module logiciel de gestion d'énergie a ensuite été développé afin de calculer un budget énergétique que le capteur peut dépenser, et choisir la meilleure manière de dépenser ce budget pour exécuter une ou plusieurs tâches. Ce travail a ainsi permis le développement d'un prototype de produit industriel entièrement autonome en énergie
The advent of the Internet of Things has enabled the roll-out of a multitude of Wireless Sensor Networks. These networks can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, industry or the smart city, where they facilitate fine optimization of processes. These devices are often powered by primary or rechargeable batteries, which limits their battery life. Moreover, it is sometimes not possible or financially viable to change and/or recharge these batteries. A possible solution is to harvest energy from the environment to power these sensors. But these energy sources are unreliable, and the sensor must be able to prevent the complete depletion of its energy storage. In order to adapt its energy consumption, the node can match its quality of service to its energetical capabilities. Thus, the device can continuously operate without any service interruption. This thesis presents the methods used for the conception of a completely autonomous sensor, powered by energy harvesting and communicating through a long range LoRa network. In order to ensure its power supply, a board has been designed to harvest energy from multiple energy sources simultaneously. A power management software module has then been developed to calculate an energy budget the sensor can use, and to choose the best way to spend this budget over one or multiple tasks. This work has enabled the development of an energy autonomous industrial sensor prototype

The objective of this work is to enhance and advance sensing technologies with the design and development of novel radio frequency (RF) sensors based on far-field and near-field principles of the electromagnetic (EM) resonances. In the first part of this thesis, original design and development of a passive RF temperature sensor, a passive RF strain sensor, and a passive RF pressure sensor are presented. The RF temperature sensor is presented in Chapter 3. It is based on split ring resonators loaded with bimorph cantilevers. Its operating principles and equivalent circuits are discussed in Chapter 4, where the design concept is illustrated to be robust and highly adaptable to different sensing ranges, environments, and applicable to other type of sensing beyond temperatures. The passive RF strain sensor, based on a patch antenna loaded with a cantilever-integrated open loop, is presented in Chapter 5, where it is demonstrated to have the highest strain sensitivity in the same remote and passive class of sensors in the state-of-the-art. Chapter 6 describes the passive RF pressure sensor, which is based on a dual-band stacked-patch antenna that allows both identification and sensing to be embedded in its unique dual resonant responses. In the second part of this thesis, an original and first-of-its-kind RF transducer is presented that enables non-touch sensing of human fingers within 3 cm of proximity (based on one unit sensor cell). The RF transducer is based on a slotted microstrip patch coupled to a half-wavelength parallel-coupled microstrip filter operating in the frequency range of 6 – 8 GHz. The sensing mechanism is based on the EM near-field coupling between the resonator and the human finger. Fundamentally different from the electric field capacitive sensing, this new method of sensing, the first of its kind, based on near-field interference that produces a myriad of nonlinearities in the sensing response, can introduce new capabilities for the interface of electronic displays (the detection is based on pattern recognition). What set this sensor and its platform apart from previous proximity sensors and microwave sensing platforms is the low profile planar structure of the system, and its compatibility with mobile applications. The thesis provides both breadth and depth in the proposed design and development and thus presenting a complete research in its contributions to RF sensing.

I requisiti di molte applicazioni IoT necessitano di trasmettere dati su lunghe distanze, con basso data rate e con il minor impatto possibile sul consumo energetico. Le tecnologie LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) sono state progettate per complementare ed in alcuni casi sostituire le soluzioni offerte dalla reti cellulari e dalle reti di sensori a corto/medio raggio. Nonostante la pletora di standards LPWAN disponibili sul mercato, la tecnologia LoRa/LoRaWAN sta riscuotendo notevole successo grazie alle performance che riesce a garantire. L’imponente mole di dati generata dalle applicazioni IoT richiede soluzioni in grado di poter archiviare e gestire in maniera efficiente il ciclo di vita delle informazioni. L’utilizzo di piattaforme di data analytics basate su sistemi NoSQL permettono una gestione più agile dei Big Data. In questa tesi è stata progettata ed implementata un’infrastruttura per il monitoraggio ambientale tramite LoRaWAN e la relativa piattaforma di data analytics adoperata per lo studio delle metriche relative alla trasmissione radio LoRa. I risultati ottenuti dalla sperimentazione possono essere usati per fare tuning delle configurazioni per il deploy in contesti reali.

碩士
聖約翰科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
102
The terrain of Taiwan changes a lot. In the west, plains and grasslands are common. where 90% of the population lives. Taiwan is a mountainous island. Due to Diastrophism and Orogeny happens frequently and the resulting mountains are very high. And that’s the reason why the terrain of Taiwan changes a lot. With Rapid Economic expansion, people overused and destroyed the hillside. When the typhoons and heavy rains come, it caused terrible disasters, such as mudslides and landslides. Mudslides and landslides can be caused by a number of factors. One of them is Natural causes ─ the change of terrain and soil. They are also caused by human activities ─ overusing the hillside. To avoid these disaters, we should conserve soil and water in advance. However, the best way to prevent these disaters is to establish a system which can monitor and report the data instantly. The system can detect the tiny unit displacement before the disasters happen. This essay mainly talked about how to establish a monitoring system for micro displacement from long range. If you want to monitor the analyses of 200 meters every which way 1mm or less variation to conform to landslide monitoring 4mm / hour demand. In this essay, it is proposed that a new and useful monitoring way which can detect the tiny unit displacement under 1mm from the unit under test that 200meters away. A monitoring system is composed of a laser outside which can change the focal length and a low resolution digital camera. Labview2010 is a remote monitoring in this system. It can be used with many sensors. The system will trigger the camera to take pictures and send pictures back to the remote monitoring to do the image processing.Then,we can check the displacement to see if it can cause some disaters or not . If the system detects the unusual data, it will send the warning messages to cellphones or computers immediately. Keywords: Image Processing, IBDMS, Inclination Monitoring, Tiny Unit Displacement, Monitoring System

碩士
國立中正大學
通訊工程研究所
106
Numerous types of IoT application emerge rapidly nowadays, such as indoor positioning, industrial equipment monitoring and human body movement monitoring. The requirements of these IoT sensors for different applications are diverse. For instance, an IoT system monitoring a large-scale area needs to emphasize the transmission range of the wireless sensors; battery-powered wireless sensors need to reduce the energy consumption; multiple sensors also may need to address accurate time synchronization. For the IoT which requiring low-power, long-distance and accurate time synchronization, no single existing wireless technology can meet all these requirements. By taking the advantage of low-power 2.4 GHz RF and long-distance LoRa technology, this study proposed a new design to achieve these goals without comprising the need of time synchronization. In this work, we develop a special router with dual RF interfaces, which can reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor nodes while also extend the communication range at the same time. The proposed design also enabling the wireless sensors can be time synchronized in the order of sub-microseconds, which resolve the issue of the conventional Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is difficult to perform very accurate time synchronization over multiple wireless sensors. The proposed design allowing the battery-powered wireless sensor extending its sleep duration to at-most four minutes for saving valuable energy. By comparing to BLE the proposed design the wireless sensors can reduce the radio receiving time for 86%. The field experiment was conducted in a real factory to monitoring machine tools with 30 wireless sensors. The performance of communication distance, power consumption and time synchronization accuracy was evaluated to demonstrate the correctness of this design.