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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Thontowi, Ahmad, Elvi Yetti, and Yopi Yopi. "Medium Chain and Long Chain Alkanes Hydroxylase Producing Whole Cell Biocatalyst From Marine Bacteria." ANNALES BOGORIENSES 22, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/ab.v22i1.329.

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Alkanes are major component of crude oil that could be hydrolyzed by the enzyme of alkane hydroxylase. The are three types of alkane hydroxylase based on the chain length of alkane such as short-chain length/SCL (C2-C4), medium-chain length/MCL (C5-C17), and long-chain length/LCL (C>18). The aims of this study were to characterize and identify alkanes-degrading bacteria from these bacteria. The 30 strains from marine were grown on MCL (Pentane-C5H12, Decane-C10H22, and Pentadecane-C15H32) and LCL (n-Paraffin-C12H19C17 and branch of Pristane-C19H40). The study showed twenty-nine isolates have the ability to degrade alkanes compounds, whereas 14 isolates have grown ability on MCL and LCL medium, 11 isolates have the ability to grow on MCL and n-LCL, 3 isolates have the ability only to grow on MCL medium and 1 isolate has the ability only grow on n-LCL medium. The growth test result indicated that 29 isolates have medium-chain alkane monooxygenase and long-chain alkane hydroxylase. Based on 16S rDNA gene analysis, we obtained twenty nine of oil- degrading bacteria, namely a-proteobacteria (57 %), g-proteobacteria (30 %), Flavobacteria (7 %), Bacilli (3%) and Propionibacteriales (3 %). g-Proteobacteria and a-proteobacteria which seems to play an important role in the alkane biodegradation.

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Thontowi, Ahmad, Elvi Yetti, and Yopi Yopi. "Medium Chain and Long Chain Alkanes Hydroxylase Producing Whole Cell Biocatalyst From Marine Bacteria." ANNALES BOGORIENSES 22, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/ann.bogor.2018.v22.n1.12-19.

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Throne-Holst, Mimmi, Alexander Wentzel, Trond E. Ellingsen, Hans-Kristian Kotlar, and Sergey B. Zotchev. "Identification of Novel Genes Involved in Long-Chain n-Alkane Degradation by Acinetobacter sp. Strain DSM 17874." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 10 (March 30, 2007): 3327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00064-07.

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ABSTRACT Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 is capable of utilizing n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from that of decane (C10H22) to that of tetracontane (C40H82) as a sole carbon source. Two genes encoding AlkB-type alkane hydroxylase homologues, designated alkMa and alkMb, have been shown to be involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with chain lengths of from 10 to 20 C atoms in this strain. Here, we describe a novel high-throughput screening method and the screening of a transposon mutant library to identify genes involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with C chain lengths longer than 20, which are solid at 30°C, the optimal growth temperature for Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874. A library consisting of approximately 6,800 Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 transposon mutants was constructed and screened for mutants unable to grow on dotriacontane (C32H66) while simultaneously showing wild-type growth characteristics on shorter-chain n-alkanes. For 23 such mutants isolated, the genes inactivated by transposon insertion were identified. Targeted inactivation and complementation studies of one of these genes, designated almA and encoding a putative flavin-binding monooxygenase, confirmed its involvement in the strain's metabolism of long-chain n-alkanes. To our knowledge, almA represents the first cloned gene shown to be involved in the bacterial degradation of long-chain n-alkanes of 32 C's and longer. Genes encoding AlmA homologues were also identified in other long-chain n-alkane-degrading Acinetobacter strains.

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Mayes, R. V., I. A. Wright, C. S. Lamb, and Alison McBean. "The use of long-chain n-alkanes for estimating intake and digestibility of herbage in cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015920.

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Studies with sheep suggest that accurate estimates of herbage intake can be obtained by using the herbage alkane tritriacontane (C33) and dosed dotriacontane (C32) as markers, since the faecal recoveries of both alkanes have been shown to be very similar. To validate the technique for herbage intake estimation in grazing cattle there is a need to compare in cattle, the faecal recoveries of both herbage and dosed n-alkanes. It has been observed in sheep that the faecal recoveries of n-alkanes increase as their chain lengths increase, suggesting that the recovery of hexatriacontane (C36), an alkane absent from herbage but available commercially at low cost, should be complete. C36 may therefore have potential as a dosed marker for estimation of faecal output. Thus it may .30 be possible to obtain estimates of both herbage intake and diet digestibility in the same individual grazing animal using n-alkanes as markers. The purpose of the experiment described here was to determine the faecal recoveries in cattle of odd-chain n-alkanes from fresh herbage and of C32 and C36 dosed n-alkanes.

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OLIVÁN, M., and K. OSORO. "Effect of temperature on alkane extraction from faeces and herbage." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 3 (May 1999): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699006358.

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The solvent extraction of alkanes from faeces and herbage samples at two different temperatures (cold: 15–25°C and hot: 65°C) was studied in four samples of different matrix types (cattle faeces, sheep faeces, hill grass and heather), in two experiments performed at Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain in 1994. Two internal standards (IS) of different chain length (C22 and C34) were used to estimate alkane concentrations. Significant differences were detected in alkane extraction derived from temperature of extraction, IS and sample matrix. At the cold temperature, long-chain alkane extraction was not complete, resulting in errors in the estimation of alkane concentration when a long-chain alkane (C34) was used as the only internal standard. However, under hot extraction, long- chain alkanes were completely extracted by the heptane, although estimates made with C22 or C34 as IS were not identical. These results suggest that it would be appropriate to use two internal standards with short and long carbon chain, such as C22 and C34, in routine analyses to establish the completeness of alkane extraction, even under hot conditions, by calculating the relative ratio of both IS in extracts compared to the original C22[ratio ]C34 ratio added to the samples. Any increase or decrease in expected peak areas could be adjusted for all the alkanes in the extracts, and the accuracy of alkane concentration measurements (and therefore the reliability of estimates of intake and especially of diet selection) would be improved.

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McLean, B. M. L., R. W. Mayes, and F. D. DeB Hovell. "The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592977.

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Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

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Underwood, Robin, Jill Tomlinson-Phillips, and Dor Ben-Amotz. "Are Long-Chain Alkanes Hydrophilic?" Journal of Physical Chemistry B 114, no. 26 (July 8, 2010): 8646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp912089q.

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Tani, Akio, Takeru Ishige, Yasuyoshi Sakai, and Nobuo Kato. "Gene Structures and Regulation of the Alkane Hydroxylase Complex in Acinetobacter sp. Strain M-1." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.5.1819-1823.2001.

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ABSTRACT In the long-chain n-alkane degraderAcinetobacter sp. strain M-1, two alkane hydroxylase complexes are switched by controlling the expression of twon-alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes in response to the chain length of n-alkanes, while rubredoxin and rubredoxin ruductase are encoded by a single gene and expressed constitutively.

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Bliedtner, Marcel, Imke K. Schäfer, Roland Zech, and Hans von Suchodoletz. "Leaf wax <i>n</i>-alkanes in modern plants and topsoils from eastern Georgia (Caucasus) – implications for reconstructing regional paleovegetation." Biogeosciences 15, no. 12 (June 29, 2018): 3927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3927-2018.

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Abstract. Long-chain n-alkanes originate from leaf waxes of higher terrestrial plants, they are relatively resistant against physical and chemical degradation and are preserved in sediment archives for at least millennial timescales. Since their homologue patterns discriminate between vegetation forms, they were increasingly used for paleovegetation reconstructions during the last years. However, before any robust interpretation of the long-chain n-alkane patterns in sediment archives, reference samples from modern vegetation and topsoil material should be investigated at a regional scale. Apart from some temperate and tropical regions, such systematic regional studies on modern plant and topsoil material are still largely lacking.To test the potential of leaf wax-derived n-alkane patterns for paleoenvironmental studies in the semi-humid to semi-arid central southern Caucasus region, we investigated the influence of different vegetation forms on the leaf wax n-alkane signal in modern plants and topsoil material (0–5 cm) from eastern Georgia. We sampled (i) sites with grassland/herbs that included steppe, cultivated grassland and meadows, and (ii) sites that are dominated by deciduous hornbeam forests.The results show that long-chain n-alkanes originate from leaf waxes of higher terrestrial plants and that their homologue pattern allow to discriminate between different vegetation forms: n-Alkanes derived from sites with grassland/herbs are mainly dominated by C31, while n-alkanes derived from sites with deciduous trees/shrubs show high abundances of C29. Thus, long-chain n-alkanes have a great potential when used for regional paleovegetation reconstructions. Moreover, the n-alkane distributions of the topsoils do not show correlations with mean annual temperatures and precipitation along the investigated transect. As degradation of organic matter can affect the leaf wax n-alkane distribution, we further present an updated end-member model that includes our results, accounts for degradation effects and enables semi-quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation changes in the central southern Caucasus region.

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Дисертації з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Gorce, Jean-Philippe. "Crystallisation and chain conformation of long chain n-alkanes." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19705/.

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Hydrocarbon chains are a basic component in a number of systems as diverse as biological membranes, phospholipids and polymers. A better understanding of the physical properties of n-alkane chains should provide a better understanding of these more complex systems. With this aim, vibrational spectroscopy has been extensively used. This technique, sensitive to molecular details, is the only one able to both identify and quantify conformational disorder present in paraffinic systems. To achieve this, methyl deformations have been widely used as "internal standards" for the normalisation of peak areas. However, in the case of n-alkanes with short chain length, such as n-C[44]H[90] for example, the infrared spectra recorded at liquid nitrogen temperature and reported here show the sensitivity of these latter peaks to the various crystal structures formed. Indeed, the main frequencies of the symmetric methyl bending mode were found between 1384 cm[-1] and 1368 cm[-1] as a function of the crystal form. Changes in the frequency of the first order of the L.A.M. present in the Raman spectra were also observed. At higher temperatures, non all-trans conformers, inferred from different infrared bands present in the wagging mode region, were found to be essentially placed at the end of the n-alkane chains. At the monoclinic phase transition, the concentration of end-gauche conformers, proportional to the area of the infrared band at 1342 cm[-1], increases abruptly. On the contrary, in the spectra recorded at liquid nitrogen temperature no such band is observed. We also studied the degree of disorder in two purely monodisperse long chain n-alkanes, namely n-C[198]H[398] and n-C[246]H[494]. The chain conformation as well as the tilt angle of the chains from the crystal surfaces were determined by means of low frequency Raman spectroscopy and S.A.X.S. measurements on solution-crystallised samples. The increase in the number of end-gauche conformers which was expected to occur with the increase of the tilt angle as a function of the temperature was not detected due to a perfecting of the crystals. Indeed, due to successive heating and cooling to -173°C, the concentration of non all-trans conformers was found to decrease within the crystals. Their numbers were found to be up to six times higher in n-C[198]H[398] crystallised in once folded form than when crystallised in extended form. The C-C stretching mode region of the spectra was used to identify the chain conformation and to estimate the length of the all-trans stem passing through the crystal layers at -173°C. The transition between once folded and extended form crystals was indicated by the presence of additional bands in this region at 1089 cm[-1], 1078 cm[-1] and 1064 cm[-1]. Some of those bands may be related to the fold itself. At the same time, a strong decrease of the intensity of the infrared bands present in the wagging mode region was observed. Finally, the triple layered structure proposed on the basis of X-ray measurements obtained from the crystals of a binary mixture of long chain n-alkanes, namely n-C[162]H[326] and n-C[246]H[494], was confirmed from the study of the C-C stretching mode region of the infrared spectra.

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Putra, Edy Giri Rachman. "Solution crystallization of long chain n-alkanes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401188.

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Maeda, Nobuo, and nobuo@engineering ucsb edu. "Phase Transitions of Long-Chain N-Alkanes at Interfaces." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011203.151921.

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An experimental study of phase transitions of long-chain n-alkanes induced by the effect of interfaces is described. ¶ The phase behaviour of long-chain n-alkanes (carbon number 14, 16, 17, 18) adsorbed at isolated mica surfaces and confined between two mica surfaces has been studied in the vicinity of and down to several degrees below the bulk melting points, Tm. Using the Surface Force Apparatus we have measured the thickness of alkane films adsorbed from vapour (0.97 [equal to or greater-than] p/p[subscript o] [equal to or greater-than] 0.997), studied capillary condensation transition, subsequent growth of capillary condensates between two surfaces, and phase transitions in both the adsorbed films and the condensates. By measuring the growth rate of the capillary condensates we have identified a transition in the lateral mobility of molecules in the adsorbed films on isolated mica surfaces. This transition to greater mobility occurs slightly above Tm for n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane and n-octadecane but several degrees below Tm for n-tetradecane, and is accompanied by a change in wetting behaviour and a measurable decrease in adsorbed film thickness for n-heptadecane and n-octadecane. Capillary condensates that form below Tm remain liquid, but may freeze if the degree of confinement is reduced by separation of the mica surfaces. An increase in the area of the liquid-vapour interface relative to that of the liquid-mica interface facilitates freezing in the case of the long-chain alkanes, which show surface freezing at the liquid-vapour interface. ¶ Although thermodynamic properties of the surface freezing transition have been rather well documented, the kinetics involved in formation of such ordered monolayers has so far received very little attention. We studied the surface tension of n-octadecane as a function of temperature in the vicinity of Tm, using the static Wilhelmy plate and the dynamic maximum bubble pressure methods. The two methods give different results on cooling paths, where nucleation of the surface ordered phase is involved, but agree on heating paths, where both methods measure properties of the equilibrium surface phase. On cooling paths, the surface of bubbles may supercool below the equilibrium surface freezing temperature. The onset of surface freezing is marked by a sharp drop in the surface tension. The transition is accompanied by an increased stability of the films resulting in longer bubble lifetimes at the liquid surface, which suggests that the mechanical properties of the surfaces change from liquid-like to solid-like. Our results suggest occurrence of supercooling of the monolayer itself.

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De, Silva D. S. M. "Crystallization and molecular conformation of long chain N alkanes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246907.

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Maeda, Nobuo. "Phase transitions of long-chain n-alkanes at interfaces." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011203.151921/index.html.

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Grasso, Giuseppe. "Solid-state NMR studies of alkali fullerides and long-chain alkanes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10051/.

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The main focus of this thesis is the investigation of structure and motion of different materials by applying different solid-state NMR techniques. In the first section (1) some of the bases of NMR are described both in a Classical (1.1) and Quantum Mechanical (1.2) approach, while the next two sections deal with the experimental part of the work. In section 2 solid-state NMR studies of CsC60 are described and an unambiguous assignment of the 13C NMR spectrum of the polymer phase of CsC60, which is based solely on our experimental data, is presented. In contrast to previous work, the assignment does not rely on the knowledge of the electronic structure of this material and our results support a fully three-dimensional electronic structure as opposed to a quasi one-dimensional one. This is achieved using a two-dimensional 13C MAS NMR correlation experiment, which identifies nuclei coupled via a through-bond scalar interaction, the Refocused INADEQUATE. In section 3 solid-state NMR experiments performed on polyethylene and long-chain n-alkanes corresponding to the formula C246H494 are described. Particular attention is given to some specific issues such as chain folding and a detailed study of the saturation-recovery curves (T1) obtained is carried out for different materials. The model elaborated is able to simulate all the data recorded and the presence of an interphase between the crystalline and the amorphous parts of the samples is proposed. To help the understanding of the structure and the motion of long-chain n-alkanes in section 3 some deuterated samples such as C216H434-d24 and C12H25(CH2)192CHDC11D23+C162H326 ("the mixture") are also studied. Deuterium NMR is widely used and we fit all the experimental line shape of the different samples at different temperatures. Diverse models for the structure and motion of such materials are given, which take into account all the experimental results obtained.

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Zeng, Xiangbing. "Study of lamellar structures in pure and mixed long chain n-alkanes and derivatives." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340143.

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Ishige, Takeru. "Enzymatic and genetic studies on bacterial oxidation of long-chain and gaseous n-alkanes." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150346.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9180号
農博第1213号
新制||農||834(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3592(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-N226
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授加藤暢夫, 教授清水昌, 教授江崎信芳
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Tani, Akio. "Divergent enzyme systems for oxidation of long-chain n-alkanes in Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151638.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第8664号
農博第1160号
新制||農||816(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3490(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-A752
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授加藤暢夫, 教授清水昌, 教授熊谷英彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Bates, Benjamin R. "Within Lake Spatial Variability of Long-chain n-alkanes and their Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions Adirondack Mountains, NY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535373859284956.

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Частини книг з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Alamo, Rufina G. "The Crystallization Behavior of Long Chain N-Alkanes and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenes." In Crystallization of Polymers, 73–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1950-4_7.

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Duboucher, Christophe, Francis Rocchiccioli, Anne Nègre, Alice Lageron, and Robert Salvayre. "Alkane Storage Disease (Very Long Chain N-Alkanes): An Original Type of Lipid Storage of Dietary Origin from Plant Wax Hydrocarbons." In Lipid Storage Disorders, 451–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1029-7_56.

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Schlossman, Mark L., and Aleksey M. Tikhonov. "X-ray Scattering Studies of Long-Chain Alkanol Monolayers at the Water-Hexane Interface." In ACS Symposium Series, 81–95. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0861.ch006.

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Kaminsky, W. "Of Medium- to Long-Chain Alk-1-enes Using Single-Site Catalysts." In Alkanes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-048-00405.

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Giovanoglou, Apostolos, Claire S. Adjiman, Amparo Galindo, and George Jackson. "Towards the identification of optimal solvents for long chain alkanes with the SAFT equation of state." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 137–42. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(03)80104-9.

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Hasegawa, T., S. Yamamoto, and L. M. Pratt. "Data report: stable carbon isotope fluctuation of long-chain n-alkanes from Leg 208 Hole 1263A across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 208 Scientific Results. Ocean Drilling Program, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.208.202.2006.

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Martens, J. A., L. Uytterhoeven, P. A. Jacobs, and G. F. Froment. "Isomerisation of Long-Chain n-Alkanes on Pt/H-ZSM-22 AND Pt/H-Y Zeolite Catalysts and on Their Intimate Mixtures." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2829–32. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)64416-x.

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"Alkanols: Long Chain Fatty Alcohols." In Encyclopedia of Biophysics, 47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_100042.

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Finnerty, W. R. "[2] Assay methods for long-chain alkane oxidation in Acinetobacter." In Hydrocarbons and Methylotrophy, 10–14. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)88004-t.

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Lin, Shui, Han Ning, Sun Wan-Fu, Liu Wei-Min, and Xue Qun-Ji. "Preparation of Pd/Al-MCM-41 Catalyst and Its Hydroisomerization Properties for long chain alkane compounds." In Nanoporous Materials III, Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Symposium on Nanoporous Materials, 517–24. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(02)80584-5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Sugai, Yuichi, Keita Komatsu, Kyuro Sasaki, Kristian Mogensen, and Martin Vad Bennetzen. "Microbial-Induced Oil Viscosity Reduction by Selective Degradation of Long-Chain Alkanes." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171850-ms.

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Rastgarkafshgarkolaei, Rouzbeh, Yi Zeng, and J. M. Khodadadi. "Molecular dynamics simulation of the domain size effect on the values of thermal conductivity of long chain n-alkanes." In Proceedings of CHT-15. 6th International Symposium on ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER , May 25-29, 2015, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.intsympadvcomputheattransf.1530.

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Wei, Zhifu, Yongli Wang, and Gen Wang. "Paleovegetation Inferred from the Carbon Isotope Composition of Long-Chain N-Alkanes in Lacustrine Sediments from the Song-Nen Plain, Northeast China." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2841.

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Gokulakrishnan, Ponnuthurai, Casey C. Fuller, and Michael S. Klassen. "Experimental and Modeling Study of C1 to C3 Hydrocarbon Ignition in the Presence of Nitric Oxide." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65001.

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Nitric oxide produced during combustion will be present in vitiated air used in many devices with exhaust gas recirculation. An experimental and modeling investigation of the effect of nitric oxide on the ignition of C1 to C3 hydrocarbon fuels, namely, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H6, is presented. These molecules are important intermediate species generated during the decomposition of long-chain hydrocarbon fuel components typically present in jet fuels. Moreover, CH4 and C2H6 are major components of natural gas fuels. Although the interaction between NOx and CH4 has been studied extensively, limited experimental work is reported on C2H4, C2H6 and C3H6. NOx, even in very low concentrations, has previously been shown to effectively enhance the ignition of CH4. As a continuation of previous work with C3H8, ignition delay time measurements were obtained using a flow reactor facility with the alkanes (CH4 and C2H6) and olefins (C2H4 and C3H6) at 900 K and 950 K temperatures with 15 mole% and 21 mole% O2. Based on the experimental data, the overall effectiveness of NO in promoting ignition is found to be: CH4 > C3H6 > C3H8 > C2H6 > C2H4. CSE’s detailed kinetic mechanism, developed for natural gas fuel components, is used for model predictions as well as for sensitivity and species flux analyses. As expected, the reaction between HO2 and NO plays a critical role in promoting the ignition by generating the OH radical while converting NO into NO2. In addition, various important fuel-dependent reaction pathways that promote the ignition of these fuels are identified. H-atom abstraction by NO2 has significant contribution to the ignition of C2H4, and C2H6 whereas the reaction between NO2 and allyl radical (aC3H5) is an important route for the ignition of C3H6.

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Zhang, Yiming, Xianyu Huang, Ruicheng Wang, and David Naafs. "The Distribution of Long-Chain N-Alkan-2-Ones in Peat can be Used to Infer Past Changes in pH." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3142.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Long-chain alkanes"

Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.

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Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.

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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.

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