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Статті в журналах з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
1
Latha, Kunchaparthi Jyothsna, Markapudi Baburao, and Chaduvula Kavitha. "A Comparative study on Logit leaf model (LLM) and Support leaf model (SLM) for predicting the customer churn." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 1628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i5.16281632.
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Lo, Venus, and Huseyin Topaloglu. "Omnichannel Assortment Optimization Under the Multinomial Logit Model with a Features Tree." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 2 (March 2022): 1220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1001.
Анотація:
Problem definition: We consider the assortment optimization problem of a retailer that operates a physical store and an online store. The products that can be offered are described by their features. Customers purchase among the products that are offered in their preferred store. However, customers who purchase from the online store can first test out products offered in the physical store. These customers revise their preferences for online products based on the features that are shared with the in-store products. The full assortment is offered online, and the goal is to select an assortment for the physical store to maximize the retailer’s total expected revenue. Academic/practical relevance: The physical store’s assortment affects preferences for online products. Unlike traditional assortment optimization, the physical store’s assortment influences revenue from both stores. Methodology: We introduce a features tree to organize products by features. The nonleaf vertices on the tree correspond to features, and the leaf vertices correspond to products. The ancestors of a leaf correspond to features of the product. Customers choose among the products within their store’s assortment according to the multinomial logit model. We consider two settings; either all customers purchase online after viewing products in the physical store, or we have a mix of customers purchasing from each store. Results: When all customers purchase online, we give an efficient algorithm to find the optimal assortment to display in the physical store. With a mix of customers, the problem becomes NP-hard, and we give a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme. We numerically demonstrate that we can closely approximate the case where products have arbitrary combinations of features without a tree structure and that our fully polynomial-time approximation scheme performs remarkably well. Managerial implications: We characterize conditions under which it is optimal to display expensive products with underrated features and expose inexpensive products with overrated features.
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Coussement, Kristof, Minh Phan, Arno De Caigny, Dries F. Benoit, and Annelies Raes. "Predicting student dropout in subscription-based online learning environments: The beneficial impact of the logit leaf model." Decision Support Systems 135 (August 2020): 113325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113325.
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Chiou, Yan-Shiang, Pei-Ing Wu, Je-Liang Liou, Ta-Ken Huang, and Chu-Wei Chen. "What Is the Willingness to Pay for a Basket of Agricultural Goods? Multi-Features of Organic, Animal Welfare-Based and Natural Products with No Additives." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091743.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to construct a model by combining the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with conjoint analysis to evaluate baskets of agricultural goods. Each basket of agricultural goods contains various different products, including white rice and leaf vegetables are either organic or non-organic, hens’ eggs and chicken drumsticks obtained from chickens bred with and without due consideration for animal welfare, and soy sauce and jam with or without additives. The evaluation of these various features is innovative and in accordance with the shopping behavior of most consumers who, most of the time, concurrently evaluate these multi-features and multi-products. The price premium for each feature and the willingness to pay, the highest amount that a consumer is willing to pay, for a specific basket of agricultural goods is evaluated by using the multinomial logit model and the linear regression model. The relationship between essential factors in the TPB and the sociodemographic characteristics of consumers is examined. In general, the ranking of the price premium paid for products from the highest to the lowest is soy sauce, jam, chicken drumsticks, white rice, hens’ eggs, and leaf vegetables, respectively. The price premium for natural products with no additives is higher than that for organic and animal welfare-based products. The evaluation of these multi-features of agricultural goods allows us to observe the relative importance of an agricultural product through the price premium, with different combinations of other products. This indicates that the evaluation of the price premium for only a single product or for multiple products with a single feature might be either over-estimated or under-estimated.
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Nita, M., M. A. Ellis, and L. V. Madden. "Effects of Temperature, Wetness Duration, and Leaflet Age on Infection of Strawberry Foliage by Phomopsis obscurans." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.579.
Анотація:
Temperature, leaf wetness, and leaflet age effects on infection of strawberry foliage by Phomopsis obscurans were examined in controlled-environment experiments. A mid-season (‘Honeoye’) and early-season (‘Earliglow’) cultivar were used. Tested temperatures were 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, and tested wetness periods were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 h. Leaflets were labeled based on age: 0 to 1, 2 to 6, and 7 to 14 days old. Effects of temperature, wetness duration, and leaflet age on the logit of disease incidence and severity were quantified using a linear mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Age, wetness duration, and their interaction significantly affected these measures of disease. Disease intensity decreased dramatically with increasing leaflet age at the time of infection, indicating a decrease in susceptibility with maturation of foliage, and increased with increasing wetness duration. Temperature only affected disease incidence with ‘Honeoye’. A prediction model was developed for leaflet infection based on ANOVA results. Coefficients of determination were approximately 0.8 for both cultivars and measures of disease (incidence and severity), indicating that disease could be described accurately based on environmental conditions and leaflet age.
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Redinbaugh, Margaret G., Julio E. Molineros, Jean Vacha, Sue Ann Berry, Ronald B. Hammond, Laurence V. Madden, and Anne E. Dorrance. "Bean pod mottle virus Spread in Insect-Feeding-Resistant Soybean." Plant Disease 94, no. 2 (February 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-2-0265.
Анотація:
Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) infection reduces yield and seed quality in soybean. To test the hypothesis that virus incidence and movement within plots would be reduced in soybean with resistance to feeding by the virus' bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) vector, BPMV spread was evaluated in five soybean genotypes at two inoculum levels over 2 years at two locations in Ohio. Soybean genotypes included two insect-feeding-susceptible genotypes (Williams 82 and Resnik), two insect-feeding-resistant, semidwarf genotypes (HC95-15 and HC95-24), and an insect-feeding-susceptible, semidwarf genotype (Troll). BPMV incidence was assessed in individual plants at growth stages R5/R6 and R7/R8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Beetle feeding was visually assessed in 2004. Data for infection of individual plants were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model, with a binomial distribution and logit-link. Within plots, BPMV incidence was highest in Resnik and Williams 82 and significantly lower in Troll. Incidence in HC95-15 was not significantly different than in Williams 82 and Resnik but incidence in HC95-24 was lower than in Resnik. BPMV incidence was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by year, location, inoculum level and sampling date, with increasing incidence over time and higher incidence at the higher inoculum level. Beetle feeding damage was affected by the interaction of location–genotype. Significant spatial aggregation of infected plants was found for most plots but aggregation was independent of host genotype and inoculum level. Although the results indicate that BPMV infection varied by genotype, they do not support the hypothesis that insect-feeding resistance is sufficient to reduce the incidence and spread of BPMV.
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Muller, WJ, K. Helms, and PM Waterhouse. "National survey of viruses in pastures of subterranean clover. II. Statistical methodology for large scale quantitative ELISA." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 8 (1993): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931863.
Анотація:
Statistical methodology was applied to a survey of time-course incidence of four viruses (alfalfa mosaic virus, clover yellow vein virus, subterranean clover mottle virus and subterranean clover red leaf virus) in improved pastures in southern regions of Australia, with samplings in each winter and spring over 3 years. The 100 samples per paddock collected at each time of sampling provided detection probabilities of 0.63 and 0.87 for 1% and 2% infection respectively. A microtitre plate design for ELISA was developed to include 60 field samples, 10 glasshouse-grown healthy control samples and 6 glasshouse-grown samples infected with the virus under examination. This design was used on 816 plates for each of the four viruses tested. The method used for identification of virus in sap of a plant sample from a particular paddock was that the ELISA reading was both significantly greater than healthy control readings, and an outlier in the distribution of readings of all sap samples from that paddock. It is argued that as the identification of uninfected samples as infected was highly unlikely, this double criterion method was superior to the use of each criterion separately. Use of significance above healthy control values as the sole criterion would have increased virus incidences by about 60%; use of outlier identification as the sole criterion would have increased virus incidences by about 30%. A generalized linear model with binomial errors and logit link was used for adjusting the virus incidences reported in the previous paper (Helms et al. 1993) for biases due to paddocks and/or districts not sampled on some occasions. This adjustment slightly increased overall incidences in all but one sampling and confirmed the time-course increase in incidence over the 3 years of the survey. The same model also proved to be the most appropriate for investigating the effects of year, season and district on virus incidence.
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Muller, WJ, K. Helms, and PM Waterhouse. "Corrigendum - National survey of viruses in pastures of subterranean clover. II. Statistical methodology for large scale quantitative ELISA." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 8 (1993): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931863c.
Анотація:
Statistical methodology was applied to a survey of time-course incidence of four viruses (alfalfa mosaic virus, clover yellow vein virus, subterranean clover mottle virus and subterranean clover red leaf virus) in improved pastures in southern regions of Australia, with samplings in each winter and spring over 3 years. The 100 samples per paddock collected at each time of sampling provided detection probabilities of 0.63 and 0.87 for 1% and 2% infection respectively. A microtitre plate design for ELISA was developed to include 60 field samples, 10 glasshouse-grown healthy control samples and 6 glasshouse-grown samples infected with the virus under examination. This design was used on 816 plates for each of the four viruses tested. The method used for identification of virus in sap of a plant sample from a particular paddock was that the ELISA reading was both significantly greater than healthy control readings, and an outlier in the distribution of readings of all sap samples from that paddock. It is argued that as the identification of uninfected samples as infected was highly unlikely, this double criterion method was superior to the use of each criterion separately. Use of significance above healthy control values as the sole criterion would have increased virus incidences by about 60%; use of outlier identification as the sole criterion would have increased virus incidences by about 30%. A generalized linear model with binomial errors and logit link was used for adjusting the virus incidences reported in the previous paper (Helms et al. 1993) for biases due to paddocks and/or districts not sampled on some occasions. This adjustment slightly increased overall incidences in all but one sampling and confirmed the time-course increase in incidence over the 3 years of the survey. The same model also proved to be the most appropriate for investigating the effects of year, season and district on virus incidence.
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Hinz, Oliver Fast, Pablo Chilibroste, Gabriel Menegazzi, Matías Oborsky, Cristina Genro, Pablo Soca, and Diego A. Mattiauda. "PSXI-31 How is the ingestive behaviour of mid lactating Holstein cows grazing a fescue based pasture under two different defoliation intensities?" Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.766.
Анотація:
Abstract An experiment was performed to study the effect of two contrasting defoliation intensities of a fescue based pasture on the ingestive behaviour. Treatments were two grazing intensities: lax treatment (TL) 12 cm and control treatment (TC) 6 cm, with four replicants of 0.3 ha each. The starting of the experiment was determined by the three leaf stage. Twenty-four mid lactating Holstein cows were blocked according to parity, body weight, body condition score and calving date. Each plot was grazed by three cows during as many days as necessary until the defoliation height of each treatment was achieved (TL: 6 d; TC: 8 d). The pasture mass was 2530 ± 180 kgDM/ha and animals had access from 8:00 to 16:00. Each cow received 7.4 kgDM of supplementation (17% Crude Protein; 2.81 Mcal/kgDM). After PM milking (17:00 h) animals remained separated in 8 pens, where they received 5.5 kgDM in individual troughs. The remaining supplement was provided in the AM milking (05:00 h). During the access to the pasture, grazing and ruminating times and bites rate (BT; bites/minute) were determined every 5 minutes by visual observation at the beginning, middle and end of the experiment. Daily ruminating (DR) was also logged by electronic recorders in 2h periods (Heatime®HR, SCR Dairy). The PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS 9.2, 2010) with a binomial response distribution and with Logit as a link function, was used to determine the probability of the different events. DR and BR were analysed with a mixed model with block and treatment as fixed effects. The probability of cows grazing was greater for TC than TL and lower for ruminating and DR (Table 1). There was no effect of treatment on BR (55 ± 8.8 bites/min). The changes observed on ingestive behaviour were reflected on productive performance (companion abstract).
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ODUNTAN, TOLULOPE KIKELOMO, TEMITAYO OLAYEMI AJAYI, and JONES OLANREWAJU MOODY. "PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF BYRSOCARPUS COCCINEUS SCHUM. AND THONN. (CONNARACEAE)." African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 16, no. 2 (June 7, 2024): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59493/ajopred/2024.2.4.
Анотація:
The plant Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum and Thonn is used traditionally for treating bacterial and fungal illnesses. This study investigated the ethnobotanical use of B. coccineus, pharmacognostic standard procedures and the antimicrobial properties of the leaf. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed, following the Logit model. Microscopy, macroscopy, physical constants, phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography and antimicrobial activities (using the agar diffusion and micro broth dilution assays on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Multi resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and Tricophytum rubrum) were evaluated. The results showed that the ethnobotanical uses include treatment of typhoid, men impotency, gonorrhoea, dysentery, cancer and urinary problems (highest with 30%). Microscopy showed the presence of jigsaw-shaped epidermal cells with numerous anomocytic stomata. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids, but steroids were absent. Eight (8) spots were observed for the n-hexane and methanol extract development on TLC in a solvent mixture of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4:1). All microorganisms were susceptible to n-hexane extract at all serial dilutions (12.5 -50 mg/mL), highest susceptibility to B. subtilis at the 16 mm inhibition zone with gentamicin (positive control) at 16 mm inhibition zone as well. Also found was the lowest minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) on P. aeruginosa (0.1953 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 mg/mL, 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/mL against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli, respectively, with gentamicin (positive control) having 5 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL, in that order. The aqueous extract showed the highest susceptibility on S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, the lowest MIC against B. subtilis (0.78125 mg/mL) and MBC against T. rubrum (12.5 mg/mL). The plant extract showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity and thus can be explored as a new antimicrobial agent or source for new drug discovery.
Дисертації з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
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Idbenjra, Khaoula. "Essays on Segmented-Modeling Approaches for Business Analytical Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA027.
Анотація:
Les complexités croissantes de la prise de décision financière, intensifiées par les crises financières récentes, requièrent une modélisation prédictive avancée et transparente, notamment dans les domaines du scoring de crédit et de la fidélisation des clients. Cette thèse explore les mérites significatifs des modèles hybrides basés sur la segmentation, en se concentrant de manière cruciale sur le Logit Leaf Model (LLM), à travers différentes applications : la fidélisation des clients Business-to-Business (B2B), le scoring de crédit, et la gestion des Prêts Non Performants (NPL). L'urgence d'outils analytiques robustes, interprétables et flexibles a été amplifiée, surtout sur fond de défis financiers et économiques modernes. Ainsi, cette recherche lie minutieusement les conclusions de trois études clés pour explorer et critiquer la fonctionnalité, l'applicabilité, et le mérite du LLM dans divers contextes.L'étude dans le chapitre 2 met en lumière l'applicabilité du LLM dans les scénarios B2B, où la rétention des clients devient cruciale. L'étude montre comment le LLM peut améliorer les stratégies de rétention des clients B2B en utilisant la modélisation uplift et en fournissant des insights essentiels aux managers à travers des visualisations spécifiques, globales et de niveau segmentaire qui renforcent la prise de décision managériale. La seconde étude, présentée dans le chapitre 3, explore le domaine du scoring de crédit, mettant en lumière les performances prédictives supérieures du LLM et son interprétabilité exceptionnelle, ce qui le fait se démarquer des modèles traditionnels tels que la régression logistique et les arbres de décision, et même par rapport à des modèles avancés tels que les réseaux de neurones.Chapitre 4, introduisant la troisième étude, propose une analyse détaillée en utilisant le LLM pour démontrer sa capacité à prédire et comprendre les complexités des prêts non performants (NPL). Ceci est réalisé grâce à un examen approfondi des caractéristiques du débiteur, du prêt, et des indicateurs macroéconomiques. La capacité du modèle à fournir simultanément des prédictions précises et à produire des insights pratiques, comparée à divers autres modèles alternatifs de risque de crédit, souligne sa praticité dans la gestion du risque financier, en particulier pour les banques.À travers une exploration approfondie et une combinaison des études mentionnées ci-dessus, cette thèse met en lumière les diverses aptitudes du LLM à naviguer à travers différents domaines, tous guidés par les données. Elle soulève une discussion sur l'utilité des modèles hybrides basés sur la segmentation pour prendre des décisions complexes, louant le LLM pour sa capacité à allier puissance prédictive et interprétabilité, et à agir en tant qu'outil puissant à travers diverses applications. La thèse suggère également des domaines pour la recherche future dans le chapitre 5, encourageant une exploration plus poussée de la scalabilité, de l'adaptabilité, et des améliorations potentielles du LLM à travers divers secteurs et défis analytiquesThe increasing complexities of financial decision-making, intensified by recent financial crises, necessitate transparent advanced predictive modeling, especially in the realms of credit scoring and customer retention. This dissertation explores the significant merits of hybrid segmentation-based models, with a pivotal focus on the Logit Leaf Model (LLM), across varied applications: Business-to-Business (B2B) customer retention, credit scoring, and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management. The exigency for robust, interpretable, and flexible analytical tools has been amplified, especially against the backdrop of modern financial and economic challenges. Thus, this research meticulously interweaves findings from three pivotal studies to explore and critique the functionality, applicability, and merit of the LLM in diverse contexts.The study in chapter 2 highlights LLM's applicability in B2B scenarios, where customer retention becomes crucial. The study shows how the LLM can improve strategies for B2B customer retention by using uplift modeling and providing essential insights to managers through specific, overall, and segment-level visualizations that strengthen managerial decision-making. The second study, presented in chapter 3, explores the field of credit scoring, spotlighting LLM's superior predictive performance and exceptional interpretability, which makes it stand out amidst traditional models like logistic regression and decision trees, and even when compared to advanced models such as neural networks.Chapter 4, introducing the third study, offers a detailed analysis using the Logit Leaf Model (LLM) to demonstrate its capability to predict and comprehend the complexities of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). This is achieved through a thorough examination of debtor, loan, and macroeconomic features. The model's ability to concurrently provide precise predictions and yield practical insights, when compared with various alternate credit risk models, accentuates its practicality in managing financial risk, especially within retail banking scenarios.Through a thorough exploration and combination of the studies mentioned above, this dissertation highlights the LLM's varied abilities in navigating through different but inherently data-driven fields. It raises discussion on the usefulness of hybrid segmentation-based models in making complex decisions, praising the LLM for its ability to combine predictive power with interpretability and act as a powerful tool across various applications. The dissertation also suggests areas for future research in chapter 5, encouraging further exploration into the scalability, adaptability, and potential improvements of the LLM across various sectors and analytical challenges
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Srikantaiah, Sanjay. "A model of lean-sigma to enhance a manufacturing system through integrating lean manufacturing and Six sigma approaches." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Guimarães, Erica Peixoto. "Modelo multiobjetivo Fuzzy de análise envoltória de dados na avaliação da eficiência de máquinas industriais em um contexto sob incerteza /." Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183470.
Анотація:
Orientador: Aneirson Francisco da SilvaResumo: A gestão baseada no Lean Manufacturing tem como princípio o desenvolvimento de processos enxutos com a capacidade de utilizar da melhor forma os recursos disponíveis e eliminar atividades que não agregam valor. Com isso, o programa Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), está entre os métodos que auxiliam nesse objetivo, pois desenvolve a função de gerir a manutenção de máquinas, equipamentos e meio ambiente de trabalho de forma que os investimentos feitos tendam ao aumento da eficiência global. Para isso, uma maneira de controlar o desempenho dos processos é aplicando ferramentas capazes de mensurar a eficiência relativa. Pois, além de verificar quantitativamente a eficiência relativa, estes métodos e ferramentas servem de fundamentação para auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisões nas organizações. A empresa em estudo, uma multinacional de autopeças situada no Vale do Paraíba/SP, emprega o programa TPM e apoia-se no indicador Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) para as avaliações de eficiência. Entretanto, o presente estudo propôs um indicador de eficiência que combina um modelo multicritério com a Lógica dos Conjuntos Fuzzy, no qual, diferentemente do OEE, é possível escolher os parâmetros que interferem na eficiência do processo e adicionar o conhecimento dos especialistas aos dados nítidos para assim, verificar o comportamento do cenário. Para o indicador proposto, foram simulados três cenários, dispostos em forma de ranking (do mais eficiente ao menos eficiente) e compa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Management based on Lean Manufacturing has as principle the development of lean processes with the ability to make the best use of available resources and eliminate activities that do not add value. Thus, the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program is one of the methods that help this goal, because it develops the role of managing the maintenance of machinery, equipment and working environment, for that the investments made tend to increase the overall efficiency. For this, one way to control process performance is to apply tools developed to measure relative efficiency. Because, in addition to quantitatively verifying relative efficiency, these methods and tools are based managers for decision-making in organizations. The company under study, an auto parts multinational located in Vale do Paraíba / SP, use the TPM program and for efficiency assessments is supported by the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) indicator. However, the present study proposed an efficiency indicator that combines a multicriteria model with the Fuzzy Set Logic, in which, unlike OEE, it is possible to choose the parameters that interfere in the process efficiency and to add expert knowledge to the clear data for verify the behavior of the scenario. For the proposed indicator, three scenarios were simulated, creating the ranking (from the most efficient to the least efficient) and compared to the OEE indicator ranking. Once this was done, it was observed that there was divergence in most positio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Farag, Moataz Awad Mahpoob [Verfasser]. "An integration of a buffering assessment model using fuzzy logic with lean management for improving highway construction process / von Moataz Awad Mahpoob Farag." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1003627935/34.
Книги з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
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Kernel leaf: An experimental logic plus functional language : its syntax, semantics and computational model. Torino: CSELT., 1986.
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Glasgow, Garrett, and R. Michael Alvarez. Discrete Choice Methods. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0022.
Анотація:
This article describes the statistical models commonly used to study discrete choices. It concentrates on the ‘basic’ discrete choice models, and the theoretical choice situations that lead to these models. Specifically the choice situation addressed include: the ordered choice situation and the unordered choice situation. In addition, the article discusses two extensions of the basic discrete choice models commonly seen in political science research — models allowing for heteroskedasticity in the choices made across political agents (such as the heteroskedastic probit), and models that estimate substitution patterns across choice alternatives (such as the multinomial probit and mixed logit). Suggestions for further reading are also given.
Частини книг з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
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Pawełek, Barbara, and Józef Pociecha. "Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction with the Use of the Logit Leaf Model." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 129–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52348-0_9.
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Üstünışık, Elif, Ahmet Kırlı, İsmail O. Er, and Yunus E. Erginsoy. "Improvement of the Simulation Model for High Accuracy Leaf Spring Test Bench by Implementing Fuzzy Logic." In Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques in Big Data Analytics and Decision Making, 1335–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23756-1_156.
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Das, Moumita, Xingyu Tao, Yuqing Xu, and Jack C. P. Cheng. "A Blockchain-Based Secure Submission Management Framework for Design and Construction Phases." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 335–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.32.
Анотація:
AEC projects generate numerous versions of BIM models during the design and construction phases. This process is complicated by the sheer number of domains in large projects and the interlinkage of BIM deliverables (for example the structural BIM model follows the corresponding architectural BIM model). However, due to the generation of multiple versions and parallel design progress in different domains (especially in large projects), multi-domain delivery teams often fail to access and comply with the latest/required/approved design requirements during the progression of the design phase and complete issue addressing during the construction phase, which creates confusion, may lead to disputes. Moreover, due to the contractual nature of the parties involved data and process security is also very important. Therefore, this research presents blockchain-based secure coordination workflows for effective collaboration, parallel design progress, and issue management among BIM developers from multiple domains. Smart contract logic for facilitating dynamic dependency logic for coordinating linked multi-domain submission over the project timeline is presented. A method to ensure that issues are completely, and timely addressed, and related parties are held accountable for their actions or non-response is presented by integrating a BIM change identifier and blockchain in typical issue management workflows. The method considers collaborative design and issue management workflows for the secure, efficient, and complete design of BIM models. The method is validated using an ongoing large construction project in Hong Kong
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Das, Moumita, Xingyu Tao, Yuqing Xu, and Jack C. P. Cheng. "A Blockchain-Based Secure Submission Management Framework for Design and Construction Phases." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 335–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.32.
Анотація:
AEC projects generate numerous versions of BIM models during the design and construction phases. This process is complicated by the sheer number of domains in large projects and the interlinkage of BIM deliverables (for example the structural BIM model follows the corresponding architectural BIM model). However, due to the generation of multiple versions and parallel design progress in different domains (especially in large projects), multi-domain delivery teams often fail to access and comply with the latest/required/approved design requirements during the progression of the design phase and complete issue addressing during the construction phase, which creates confusion, may lead to disputes. Moreover, due to the contractual nature of the parties involved data and process security is also very important. Therefore, this research presents blockchain-based secure coordination workflows for effective collaboration, parallel design progress, and issue management among BIM developers from multiple domains. Smart contract logic for facilitating dynamic dependency logic for coordinating linked multi-domain submission over the project timeline is presented. A method to ensure that issues are completely, and timely addressed, and related parties are held accountable for their actions or non-response is presented by integrating a BIM change identifier and blockchain in typical issue management workflows. The method considers collaborative design and issue management workflows for the secure, efficient, and complete design of BIM models. The method is validated using an ongoing large construction project in Hong Kong
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Chilwal, Bhavna, and P. K. Mishra. "A Model for Predicting Occurrence of Leaf Blast Disease in Rice Crop by Using Fuzzy Logic Techniques." In International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019, 19–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0633-8_3.
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Ramírez, Eduardo, Patricia Melin, and German Prado-Arechiga. "Hybrid Model Based on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic for 2-Lead Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification." In Hybrid Intelligent Systems in Control, Pattern Recognition and Medicine, 193–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34135-0_14.
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Cauli, Claudia, Magdalena Ortiz, and Nir Piterman. "Actions over Core-Closed Knowledge Bases." In Automated Reasoning, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10769-6_17.
Анотація:
AbstractWe present new results on the application of semantic- and knowledge-based reasoning techniques to the analysis of cloud deployments. In particular, to the security of Infrastructure as Code configuration files, encoded as description logic knowledge bases. We introduce an action language to model mutating actions; that is, actions that change the structural configuration of a given deployment by adding, modifying, or deleting resources. We mainly focus on two problems: the problem of determining whether the execution of an action, no matter the parameters passed to it, will not cause the violation of some security requirement (static verification), and the problem of finding sequences of actions that would lead the deployment to a state where (un)desirable properties are (not) satisfied (plan existence and plan synthesis). For all these problems, we provide definitions, complexity results, and decision procedures.
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Echenim, Mnacho, Radu Iosif, and Nicolas Peltier. "Unifying Decidable Entailments in Separation Logic with Inductive Definitions." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 183–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_11.
Анотація:
AbstractThe entailment problem $$\upvarphi \models \uppsi $$ φ ⊧ ψ in Separation Logic [12, 15], between separated conjunctions of equational ($$x \approx y$$ x ≈ y and $$x \not \approx y$$ x ≉ y ), spatial ($$x \mapsto (y_1,\ldots ,y_\upkappa )$$ x ↦ ( y 1 , … , y κ ) ) and predicate ($$p(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ p ( x 1 , … , x n ) ) atoms, interpreted by a finite set of inductive rules, is undecidable in general. Certain restrictions on the set of inductive definitions lead to decidable classes of entailment problems. Currently, there are two such decidable classes, based on two restrictions, called establishment [10, 13, 14] and restrictedness [8], respectively. Both classes are shown to be in $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME by the independent proofs from [14] and [8], respectively, and a many-one reduction of established to restricted entailment problems has been given [8]. In this paper, we strictly generalize the restricted class, by distinguishing the conditions that apply only to the left- ($$\upvarphi $$ φ ) and the right- ($$\uppsi $$ ψ ) hand side of entailments, respectively. We provide a many-one reduction of this generalized class, called safe, to the established class. Together with the reduction of established to restricted entailment problems, this new reduction closes the loop and shows that the three classes of entailment problems (respectively established, restricted and safe) form a single, unified, $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME -complete class.
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Echavarria-Heras, Hector, Cecilia Leal-Ramirez, Juan Ramón Castro-Rodríguez, Enrique Villa Diharce, and Oscar Castillo. "A Takagi–Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy Model Formalization of Eelgrass Leaf Biomass Allometry with Application to the Estimation of Average Biomass of Leaves in Shoots: Comparing the Reproducibility Strength of the Present Fuzzy and Related Crisp Proxies." In Fuzzy Logic Augmentation of Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theoretical Aspects and Real Applications, 329–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71008-2_25.
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Ojasalo, Jukka, and Katri Ojasalo. "Service Logic Business Model Canvas for Lean Development of SMEs and Start-Ups." In Sustainable Business, 436–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9615-8.ch020.
Анотація:
Business models have made a breakthrough both in the academic and in business community in the area business development. Old fashioned business plans are in many cases considered as a waste of time and resources. Particularly start-ups and SMEs have a great potential to take advantage of business model approach which allows lean and agile product and service development. However, the existing widely used business model frameworks are lacking the new service logic orientation. They mostly see the world in terms of goods logic. Since all sizes of businesses in all industries are increasingly adopting the service logic or service-dominant logic, there was a clear need to develop a new service logic based business model framework. Based on an extensive empirical study with both practitioners and academics, a new Service Logic Business Model Canvas was developed to fill this need. This chapter explains the theoretical foundations of this framework in SME and start-up context, as well as the framework itself and its application.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
1
Nurrohman, A., S. Abdullah, and H. Murfi. "Parkinson’s disease subtype classification: Application of decision tree, logistic regression and logit leaf model." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES (ISCPMS2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0007880.
2
Kuji, N., T. Takeda, S. Nakamura, and Y. Komine. "Fault Verification Simulation for Light-Emission Microscopy and Liquid-Crystal Analysis." In ISTFA 1996. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0121.
Анотація:
Abstract A new logic-model derivation method for leak faults observed by light-emission microscopy (LEM) or in liquid-crystal analysis (LCA) has been developed to verify those faults by comparing them with failures observed on an LSI tester. Since CMOS devices display various kinds of faulty behavior depending on leak resistance, it is essential to include the effects of this resistance in logic models. Considering that the resistance of leaks observed in LEM and LCA ranges from 10 to 10,000 ohm, the new logic models have been derived so that the leak fault could be easily incorporated into logic simulators without SPICE simulation. The feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated by using it to diagnose LEM and LCA faults causing logic failure in a 20k-gate logic LSI circuit.
3
Donndelinger, Joseph A., Jeffrey A. Robinson, and Luke A. Wissmann. "Choice Model Specification in Market-Based Engineering Design." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50071.
Анотація:
The application of market demand models in engineering design is now a well-established practice. One could consider the archetypical application to be a random utility model used in conjunction with a parametric design representation to optimize the design of a single product with respect to a risk-adjusted measure of profit. Much of the work in this area over the past decade has been focused on various extensions of this archetypical framework, such as problem decomposition and product family design. A wide variety of market demand models have been applied, including models derived from classic economic methods and random utility models spanning from multinomial logit through generalized extreme value to mixed logit. While there has been some discussion of the properties of the various choices of market demand models used in prior work, the most recent work in this area suggests that the consequences of market demand model specification in engineering design problems are both more significant than once realized and not yet fully understood. In this paper, we explore the consequences of market demand model specification specifically in the context of engineering design through both a review of prior work and an illustrative example problem featuring a market demand model parameterized in terms of reservation price. These results demonstrate that choices in market demand model specification — especially those relating to representation of customer heterogeneity — can lead to substantially different conclusions in a discrete product configuration design problem.
4
Bott, Terry F., and Stephen W. Eisenhawer. "A Logic Model Approach to Conceptual Design of a Scientific/Industrial Complex." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1382.
Анотація:
We demonstrate how the use of logic models and approximate reasoning can lead to more effective conceptual design of a large-scale scientific/industrial complex. A deductive model is used to describe the relationships between the mission of a complex, the tasks that are the concrete expressions of the mission, and the capabilities and resources that allow the mission to be carried out. This deductive logic model provides the formal basis for integrating these relationships into a conceptual design and provides a framework to express design options that are an essential part of the description of the complex. A decision model for choosing among the design options is constructed using approximate reasoning. This AR model uses forward-chaining inference models to emulate the types of reasoning used by experts. This approach allows the analyst to use both numerical data when available and the qualitative knowledge that forms much of the information base used in conceptual designs of new and innovative complexes.
5
Wu, Hsiu-Ming, and Reza Tafreshi. "Air-Fuel Ratio Control of Lean-Burn SI Engines Using Fuzzy Sliding-Model Technique." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5162.
Анотація:
Minimization of the carbon dioxide and harmful pollutants emissions and maximization of fuel economy for the lean-burn spark ignition (SI) engines significantly rely on precise air-fuel ratio (AFR) control. However, the main challenge of AFR control is the large time-varying delay which exists in lean-burn engines. Since the system is usually subject to external disturbances and uncertainties, a high level of robustness in the AFR control design has to be considered. Herein, a fuzzy sliding-mode control (FSMC) technique is proposed to track the desired AFR in the presence of periodic disturbances. The proposed method is model free and does not need any system characteristics. Based on the fuzzy system input-output data, two scaling factors are first employed to normalize the sliding surface and its derivative. According to the concept of the if-then rule, an appropriate rule table for the logic system is designed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are evaluated under various operating conditions.
6
Prilianti, Kestrilia R., Samuel P. Yuwono, Marcelinus A. S. Adhiwibawa, Monika N. P. Prihastyanti, Leenawaty Limantara, and Tatas H. P. Brotosudarmo. "Automatic leaf color level determination for need based fertilizer using fuzzy logic on mobile application: A model for soybean leaves." In 2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciteed.2014.7007895.
7
Li, Xu, Dov Gabbay, and Réka Markovich. "Dynamic Deontic Logic for Permitted Announcements." In 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/23.
Анотація:
In this paper, we introduce and study a dynamic deontic logic for permitted announcements. In our logic framework, it is permitted to announce something if announcing it would not lead to forbidden knowledge. It is shown that the logic is not compact, and we propose a sound and weakly complete Hilbert-style axiomatisation. We also study the computational complexity of the model checking problem and the decidability of the satisfiability problem. Finally, we introduce a neighbourhood semantics with a strongly complete axiomatisation.
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Islamov, Rustam, and Vasily Ustinov. "Computer Program PRAISE: Uncertainty Analysis of Heat Exchanger Three-Dimensional Flow Speed Model." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1039.
Анотація:
Abstract The main thrust of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) model is to assess the spectrum possible scenarios (sequences of events) that can lead undesirable consequences. However, there is no guarantee that all possible scenarios have been identified and properly assessed. This lack of completeness introduces an uncertainty in the results and conclusions of the analysis. Even for scenarios, which have been identified, the event sequence and system logic models do not precisely represent reality. There are uncertainties introduced by the relative inadequacy of the conceptual models, the mathematical models, the numerical approximations, the coding errors and the computational limits.
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Petroff, Neil B., Paul A. C. Mason, and Kim D. Reisinger. "A Hand Model for the Development and Validation of a Fuzzy Controlled Orthosis." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0151.
Анотація:
Abstract Restoring hand control to upper extremity paralysis victims will enable them the perform daily tasks and lead independent lifestyles. This study was undertaken to develop a fuzzy controlled hand orthosis that will be unobtrusive, user friendly and aesthetically pleasing. A simplified hand orthosis model, consisting of four fingers and a thumb, is derived for the purpose of planning appropriate grasp trajectories (fingertip pinch, lateral pinch and cylindrical grasp) and validating a fuzzy logic control architecture. The controller is hierarchical in design, consisting of a supervisory controller that uses the intended motion to coordinate individual finger motions and, a lower level controller for each finger that produces the required joint angles for the specific grasp. Preliminary results indicate that the hand orthosis model is capable of achieving the required grasps, and that fuzzy logic can be used as the controller.
10
Von Hagel, Kayla A., and Scott M. Ferguson. "Simulating Variability of Rework Cost and Market Performance Estimates in Product Redesign." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47598.
Анотація:
When considering the redesign of an existing product, designers must consider possible engineering and marketing ramifications. Ideal changes capture a large portion of the market and have a low risk of change propagation that results in reduced cost to the manufacturer. Engineering change tools such as the Change Prediction Method and market research models such as Hierarchical Bayes Mixed Logit allow designers to estimate the cost of the redesign process and market shares of preference. Variability in the inputs of the Change Prediction Method (impact and likelihood values) results in a range of redesign cost values. Assumptions regarding model form and the randomness used in model fitting also lead to variations when estimating market performance. When the variability associated with these techniques is considered, focus should shift from a point-estimate to a region-estimate. This paper explores the region-estimate produced for proposed redesigns when considering rework cost and market share of preference.
Звіти організацій з теми "Logit Leaf Model":
1
Kneale, Dylan, James Thomas, Mukdarut Bangpan, Hugh Waddington, and David Gough. Causal chain analysis in systematic reviews of international development interventions. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip4.
Анотація:
Understanding the extent to which an intervention ‘works’ can provide compelling evidence to decision-makers, although without an accompanying explanation of how an intervention works, this evidence can be difficult to apply in other settings, ultimately impeding its usefulness in making judicious and evidence-informed decisions. In this paper, we describe causal chain analysis as involving the development of a logic model, which outlines graphically a hypothesis of how an intervention leads to a change in an outcome. This logic model is then used to anchor subsequent decisions in the systematic review process, including decisions on synthesis. In this paper, we outline the steps taken in building a logic model, which usually consists of a series of boxes depicting intervention components and processes, outputs, and outcomes with arrows depicting connecting relationships. The nature of these connecting relationships and their basis in causality are considered, through a focus on complex causal relationships and the way in which contextual factors about the intervention setting or population may moderate these. We also explore the way in which specific combinations of intervention components may lead to successful interventions. Evidence synthesis techniques are discussed in the context of causal chain analysis, and their usefulness in exploring different parts of the causal chain or different types of relationship. The approaches outlined in this paper aim to assist systematic reviewers in producing findings that are useful to decision-makers and practitioners, and in turn, help to confirm existing theories or develop entirely new ways of understanding how interventions to effect change.
2
Sergeyev, Mykola. Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11407.
Анотація:
M. Sergeyev’s article “Ukrainian National Idea in the Modern Ukrainian Media Space” states that modern Ukrainian philosophical thought tries to get rid of the flaws and stereotypes of its one-sided orientation “to the East” and tries to establish a European orientation in the minds of Ukrainian citizens. The theoretical proof of the new worldview took place throughout the formation of the Ukrainian state from Little Russia to Ukraine and presents its actual struggle for independence. It is an integral concept that reflects the process of forming theories and views of prominent Ukrainian thinkers on the place and role of Ukrainians in the becoming and development of an independent Ukrainian state. As O. Zabuzhko emphasizes, “all Ukrainian philosophical, historical, sociological thought of the past and our centuries (including the diaspora) is permeated with the sacred idea of nationalism”. The author concludes that the logic of the historical development of the Ukrainian national idea reveals only one model of its socio-political future, which implies the need for Ukraine’s integration into the European and world community. This path requires the moral and political readiness of the entire Ukrainian society for its implementation and prevents the emergence of any other - alternative ideas. Solving this problem is complicated by the need to return to Ukraine the temporarily occupied territories of Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Of course, this model will lead to significant political and economic tensions in society (the final severance of economic relations with Russia, the closure of non-competitive industries, the outflow of labor to the west). At the same time, the orientation of the Ukrainian national idea to the west will increase competition in all branches of production and will be a condition for further self-improvement of Ukrainian society.
3
Elliott, Jane, Maureen Muir, and Judith Green. Trajectories of everyday mobility at older age. Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58182/bnec3269.
Анотація:
Background: This review and exploratory data analysis focuses on everyday mobility at older age; that is, travel outside the house for routine activities. Everyday mobility is an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Although there can be physiological reasons for declines in an individual’s capacity for mobility, trajectories are uneven. A social model of mobility at older age assumes that impairments due to bodily ageing do not inevitably lead to reduced mobility, and that policy and environmental interventions (such as transport provision, quality of built environment) can and should support mobile later lives. We scope the potential for a study of the conditions which foster trajectories of maintained or increased mobility over time, in an equitable way. Aims: With a focus on corporeal mobility in the UK (in particular England), and on social and environmental, rather than physiological factors, our aims were to: 1) scope the existing evidence on trajectories of mobility at older age; 2) assess the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) as a possible source of data on changes in mobility over time; 3) outline the potential for further research through identifying candidate analytical approaches and; draft an initial logic model to inform a study. Literature review findings: Literature on mobility at older age documents physiological, lifecourse, social, and environmental factors that shape trajectories of declining mobility, and the health and wellbeing consequences. There are complex and bidirectional relationships between determinants and consequences of mobility. Points of disruption in the lifecourse are points where mobility practices may change and are therefore potential points for interventions to promote greater mobility. A body of research demonstrates this through the case of concessionary bus travel for older adults in the UK, which both promotes greater mobility and appears to improve health status. There is a more mixed body of research on the environmental factors that can foster greater mobility: more research is needed on how to support mobility in place in the UK, particularly in settings outside urban centres. Compared to research on physiological factors, there is a relative dearth of evidence on population level interventions, with the exception of free bus travel. ELSA summary: The main strength of using the ELSA for understanding what influences trajectories of everyday mobility is that it is an eighteen-year longitudinal study with data collection every two years, focussing on those aged 50 and over. The sample is drawn from across England, detailed contextual information is available via linked geographical identifiers, and longitudinal and cross-sectional weights enable adjustment of the sample for non-response and attrition. The weaknesses (for studies of mobility) are the lack of fine-grained measures of ‘ability’ for many mobility indicators and the potential for reporting biases that intersect with measures of social and cultural capital. In this descriptive analysis, we document six separate measures of everyday mobility that can be derived from ELSA data, and map these to our logic model. Implications: The review identified the potential for studying the conditions for mobility at older age that could help identify and develop population level interventions. Focusing on points of disruption in the lifecourse is a potentially fruitful and tractable area of investigation. We have mapped indicators available from ELSA as a foundation for future study, and as a resource for other researchers. ELSA has some disadvantages for a study, but also many strengths. Given the complexity of causal pathways linking different conditions for maintained or increased mobility, an analysis approach directed specifically at multiple pathways (such as Qualitative Comparative Analysis) could well be fruitful."
4
McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Анотація:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.