Статті в журналах: "Logical-linguistic model"

1

Phong, Pham Đinh. "A TIME SERIES FORECASTING MODEL BASED ON LINGUISTIC FORECASTING RULES." Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 37, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/37/1/15852.

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The fuzzy time series (FTS) forecasting models have been being studied intensively over the past few years. Most of the researches focus on improving the effectiveness of the FTS forecasting models using time-invariant fuzzy logical relationship groups proposed by Chen et al. In contrast to Chen’s model, a fuzzy set can be repeated in the right-hand side of the fuzzy logical relationship groups of Yu’s model. N. C. Dieu enhanced Yu’s forecasting model by using the time-variant fuzzy logical relationship groups instead of the time-invariant ones. The forecasting models mentioned above partition the historical data into subintervals and assign the fuzzy sets to them by the human expert’s experience. N. D. Hieu et al. proposed a linguistic time series by utilizing the hedge algebras quantification to converse the numerical time series data to the linguistic time series. Similar to the FTS forecasting model, the obtained linguistic time series can define the linguistic, logical relationships which are used to establish the linguistic, logical relationship groups and form a linguistic forecasting model. In this paper, we propose a linguistic time series forecasting model based on the linguistic forecasting rules induced from the linguistic, logical relationships instead of the linguistic, logical relationship groups proposed by N. D. Hieu. The experimental studies using the historical data of the enrollments of University of Alabama observed from 1971 to 1992 and the daily average temperature data observed from June 1996 to September 1996 in Taipei show the outperformance of the proposed forecasting models over the counterpart ones.

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Khairova, Nina, Orken Mamyrbayev, Kuralay Mukhsina, Anastasiia Kolesnyk, and Saurabh Pratap. "Logical-linguistic model for multilingual Open Information Extraction." Cogent Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1714829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1714829.

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Zhao, Aiwu, Junhong Gao, and Hongjun Guan. "Forecasting Model for Stock Market Based on Probabilistic Linguistic Logical Relationship and Distance Measurement." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060954.

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The fluctuation of the stock market has a symmetrical characteristic. To improve the performance of self-forecasting, it is crucial to summarize and accurately express internal fluctuation rules from the historical time series dataset. However, due to the influence of external interference factors, these internal rules are difficult to express by traditional mathematical models. In this paper, a novel forecasting model is proposed based on probabilistic linguistic logical relationships generated from historical time series dataset. The proposed model introduces linguistic variables with positive and negative symmetrical judgements to represent the direction of stock market fluctuation. Meanwhile, daily fluctuation trends of a stock market are represented by a probabilistic linguistic term set, which consist of daily status and its recent historical statuses. First, historical time series of a stock market is transformed into a fluctuation time series (FTS) by the first-order difference transformation. Then, a fuzzy linguistic variable is employed to represent each value in the fluctuation time series, according to predefined intervals. Next, left hand sides of fuzzy logical relationships between currents and their corresponding histories can be expressed by probabilistic linguistic term sets and similar ones can be grouped to generate probabilistic linguistic logical relationships. Lastly, based on the probabilistic linguistic term set expression of the current status and the corresponding historical statuses, distance measurement is employed to find the most proper probabilistic linguistic logical relationship for future forecasting. For the convenience of comparing the prediction performance of the model from the perspective of accuracy, this paper takes the closing price dataset of Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) as an example. Compared with the prediction results of previous studies, the proposed model has the advantages of stable prediction performance, simple model design, and an easy to understand platform. In order to test the performance of the model for other datasets, we use the prediction of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SHSECI) to prove its universality.

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Yerizon, Yerizon, and Atus Amadi Putra. "The Effect of Various Learning Approaches on Mathematical Learning Outcomes based on the Multiple Intelligences of Students." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajs.8-3-4.

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The aim of this paper is to describe the research results on multiple intelligences in mathematics learning, using a descriptive approach. It also ascertains the influence of various learning models on mathematics learning outcomes based on students’ multiple intelligences. Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning models improved learning outcomes for students possessing logical-mathematical, kinesthetic, and interpersonal intelligences. Furthermore, Group Investigation (GI) and Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning models improved student learning outcomes with logical-mathematical intelligence. Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) learning model with peer tutors improved student learning outcomes with linguistic, logical-mathematical, and interpersonal intelligences. Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) and Jigsaw learning improved student learning outcomes with linguistic intelligence. Also, TSTS and NHT learning models improved student learning outcomes with logical-mathematical, and interpersonal intelligences. Keywords: compound intelligence, learning model, mathematics

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Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 7. Internal Logic 1." Discourse 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-1-133-141.

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Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter referred to as R-linguistics) and is devoted to the study of the functioning of logical connectives with verbs. The article is the first part of the discussion of internal logic, which examines the use of logical connectives within sentences. This research involves the formation of semantic logic, that is, logic that takes into account the semantics of sentences.Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of internal logic, the previously formulated semantic concepts and operations are used.Results and discussion. The use of logical connectives with verbs is analyzed. It is shown that these connectives actually refer to external logic, although in some cases it is necessary to adjust part of sentence, taking into account the semantics of the linguistic model. The concept of semantic substitution is defined and the first rule of substitution for verbs is formulated and justified.Conclusion. Abandoning the traditional view of natural language logic means abandoning logical operations and logical inference. This forces us to consider logical operations that now take into account semantics, since they are related to the structure of the linguistic model. Analysis of the functioning of logical connectives with verbs shows that they are related to the linguistic model, which leads to the need for various semantic transformations of the text when such connectives are used. In particular, the use of logical connectives can lead to the loss of the meaning of the text. The rejection of logical inference is compensated by the appearance of semantic substitution rules, one of which is considered in this paper.

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Nikitin, Yury, Pavol Božek, and Jozef Peterka. "Logical–Linguistic Model of Diagnostics of Electric Drives with Sensors Support." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 8, 2020): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164429.

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The presented paper scientifically discusses the progressive diagnostics of electrical drives in robots with sensor support. The AI (artificial intelligence) model proposed by the authors contains the technical conditions of fuzzy inference rule descriptions for the identification of a robot drive’s technical condition and a source for the description of linguistic variables. The parameter of drive diagnostics for a robotized workplace that is proposed here is original and composed of the sum of vibration acceleration amplitudes ranging from a frequency of 6.3 Hz to 1250 Hz of a one-third-octave filter. Models of systems for the diagnostics of mechatronic objects in the robotized workplace are developed based on examples of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine diagnostics and mechatronic modules based on the fuzzy inference system, concluding with a solved example of the multi-criteria optimization of diagnostic systems. Algorithms for CNC machine diagnostics are implemented and intended only for research into precisely determined procedures for monitoring the lifetime of the mentioned mechatronic systems. Sensors for measuring the diagnostic parameters of CNC machines according to precisely determined measuring chains, together with schemes of hardware diagnostics for mechatronic systems are proposed.

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Vavilenkova, Anastasiia. "Features of the Knowledge Base of the System of Automated Construction of Logic and Linguistic Models of Text Documents." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Ìnformacìjnì sistemi ta merežì 9 (June 10, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sisn2021.09.075.

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The article outlines the problem of finding meaningful units in electronic text documents and analyzes the main shortcomings of existing approaches of extracting knowledge from textual information. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the process of construction of logic and linguistic models of electronic text documents, in particular the description and research of the peculiarities of knowledge bases of the system of automated construction of logic and linguistic models of Ukrainian- language text documents. The author proposes a scheme of formalization of textual information based on the construction of a logic and linguistic model of an electronic text document. The first stage of construction is the formation of logical and linguistic models of natural language sentences, which uses a specially developed method of automated formation of logical and linguistic models. This method is based on parsing sentences of natural language, using words of natural language as a thesaurus database and using a database of rules to identify logical connections. This in turn is made possible by the author’s developed knowledge base 1, which is used to determine the role of each word in an electronic text document and serves as a production model with formalized rules of the Ukrainian language for forming phrases that can form members of sentence of natural language. The knowledge base 2 was created by the author to find connections between sentences that are part of an electronic text document and is a set of productions that reflect the principles of synthesis of logic and linguistic models of sentences of natural language, ie the rules of combining and replacing structural components of logic and linguistic models of sentences of natural language. The knowledge base 3, used to build the linguistic component of the logic and linguistic model of a text document, is a set of productions that contains the rules of forming of transition networks to interpret the thematic progression of the text. The application of the developed formalized rules was demonstrated on specific text fragments. Applying the developed knowledge bases allows to trace the process of formation of logic and linguistic models of electronic text documents.

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8

Popov, A., and D. Polyakov. "Fuzzy logical-linguistic model for assessing the qualitative composition of carbon nanomaterials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 693 (November 28, 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/693/1/012010.

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9

Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 7. Internal logic 2 Oleg M. Polyakov." Discourse 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-98-112.

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Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter referred to as R-linguistics) and is devoted to the study of the functioning of logical connectives with nouns and adjectives. The article is the second part of the discussion of internal logic, which examines the use of logical connectives within sentences. This research involves the formation of semantic logic, that is, logic that takes into account the semantics of sentences.Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of internal logic, the previously formulated semantic concepts and operations are used.Results and discussion. Two types of negation are introduced and their properties are defined. The properties of the linguistic model are formulated. The use of logical connectives with nouns and adjectives is analyzed. It is shown that the connective NOT can be attributed to both external and internal logic. The connectives AND and OR do not have a logical content, but serve to identify the state of a particular concept. Three semantic substitutions are defined. The reasons for the stability of semantic interpretation when changing the state of relations are substantiated.Conclusion. Abandoning the traditional view of natural language logic means abandoning logical operations and inference. This forces us to consider logical operations that now take into account semantics, since they are related to the structure of the linguistic model. Analysis of the functioning of logical connectives with nouns and adjectives shows that they either provide identification of the state of concepts, or can be transferred to external logic, or can operate within the framework of a linguistic model. The formulated substitution rules provide semantically correct substitutions and justify the stability of semantic interpretation in the conditions of changing states of concepts.

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WANG, PAUL P., and CHIH HSUN HSIEH. "MODELING THE DEGREE OF TRUTHFULNESS." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 06, no. 02 (July 2010): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005710001712.

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This paper reports some novel approach on linguistic logic with our intention to realize CWW, Computing With Words, via a simple example which consists of only five words. As a by product, this simple example of the linguistic logical system may serve as a mathematical model, modeling the degree of truthfulness in daily usage. The five words set of a linguistic variable modeling the degree of truthfulness are; true, nearly true, undecided, nearly false and false. We subjectively choose trapezoidal fuzzy numbers as our linguistic truth values in order to model our linguistic logic system. Firstly, some natural operations and linguistic logic operators are defined to suit our objective of developing a closed linguistic variable set. Then the computation of linguistic truth values for this linguistic logical system is developed in order to facilitate us to perform the linguistic inferences. Properties of these natural operations can be derived accordingly. It is perhaps quite rewarding to see numerous linguistic truth relations defined on a single linguistic truth set and linguistic implications ended up with numerous linguistic truth tables. In addition, the linguistic inferences of generalized modus ponens and generalized tollens determined by linguistic compositional rules based on the linguistic truth relation and some natural operations are introduced. The simple examples of the linguistic inferences of the various generalized tautologies are illustrated. Finally, we have proved via a simple dictionary that a closed and self consistent linguistic logical system indeed can be constructed and it is possible to move a chunk of information as modeled by a fuzzy set to a higher level according to the theory of semiotics. These results have shown some promise in realizing the appealing theory of CWW.

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Antonsen, Paal Fjeldvig. "Logical Truth." Australasian Journal of Logic 16, no. 7 (November 18, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/ajl.v16i7.5914.

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On the model-theoretic account, a sentence is logically true just in case it is true on all possible semantic interpretations. We dierentiate four ways one can interpret the modality 'possible' in this definition, and argue that one of these readings is not subject to the criticism levelled against the model-theoretic account by Etchemendy. By explicating the four readings we also draw some consequences for what linguistic evidence a selection of logical theories should be sensitive to.

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Sergienko, V. I. "On the Problem of the Development of Astronomical Refraction Methodology on the Basis of New Technology." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900086538.

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The work on construction and operation of automated systems for collection and processing astrometric and meteorological information and also of automated television systems with remote control have placed before us a number of fundamental difficulties in that hundreds of correct solutions to these problems require a systematic approach.The most suitable cybernetics-mathematical composite for solving the problems of astronomical refraction may become the so-called hybrid-expert systems — a union of traditional expert systems with calculation-logical ones. In these systems logical-linguistic models are used together with mathematical ones.The basic problem of ARA-C consists in obtaining a model of the environment in which light propagates and also to give a notion of interaction between electrons (environment) and photons (light).It is proposed to use in this system a model of light interaction with environment built up on special formalisms of artificial intellect (logical-linguistic model). The basic principal in hybrid-expert system ARA-C operation must be mathematical modelling and calculation experimentation. In the proposed hybrid-expert system knowledge is presented on three levels—object, mathematical and programmed. Functioning of the lower levels of ARA-C is connected with formulation of the calculation problems. A calculation problem presented to a technical model determines a partial order on a twopart column of mathematical correlations.

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CUI, LICONG, YONGMING LI, and XIAOHONG ZHANG. "INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY LINGUISTIC QUANTIFIERS BASED ON INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY-VALUED FUZZY MEASURES AND INTEGRALS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 17, no. 03 (June 2009): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488509005966.

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In this paper, we generalize Ying's model of linguistic quantifiers [M.S. Ying, Linguistic quantifiers modeled by Sugeno integrals, Artificial Intelligence, 170 (2006) 581-606] to intuitionistic linguistic quantifiers. An intuitionistic linguistic quantifier is represented by a family of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued fuzzy measures and the intuitionistic truth value (the degrees of satisfaction and non-satisfaction) of a quantified proposition is calculated by using intuitionistic fuzzy-valued fuzzy integral. Description of a quantifier by intuitionistic fuzzy-valued fuzzy measures allows us to take into account differences in understanding the meaning of the quantifier by different persons. If the intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic quantifiers are taken to be linguistic fuzzy quantifiers, then our model reduces to Ying's model. Some excellent logical properties of intuitionistic linguistic quantifiers are obtained including a prenex norm form theorem. A simple example is presented to illustrate the use of intuitionistic linguistic quantifiers.

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Petrasova, Svitlana, Nina Khairova, and Anastasiia Kolesnyk. "TECHNOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION AGENDA IN NEWS DATA STREAMS." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 1 (5) (July 12, 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2021.01.14.

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Currently, the volume of news data streams is growing that contributes to increasing interest in systems that allow automating the big data streams processing. Based on intelligent data processing tools, the semantic similarity identification of text information will make it possible to select common information spaces of news. The article analyzes up-to-date statistical metrics for identifying coherent fragments, in particular, from news texts displaying the agenda, identifies the main advantages and disadvantages as well. The information technology is proposed for identifying the common information space of relevant news in the data stream for a certain period of time. The technology includes the logical-linguistic and distributive-statistical models for identifying collocations. The MI distributional semantic model is applied at the stage of potential collocation extraction. At the same time, regular expressions developed in accordance with the grammar of the English language make it possible to identify grammatically correct constructions. The advantage of the developed logical-linguistic model formalizing the semantic-grammatical characteristics of collocations, based on the use of algebraicpredicate operations and a semantic equivalence predicate, is that both the grammatical structure of the language and the meaning of words (collocates) are analyzed. The WordNet thesaurus is used to determine the synonymy relationship between the main and dependent collocation components. Based on the investigated corpus of news texts from the CNN and BBC services, the effectiveness of the developed technology is assessed. The analysis shows that the precision coefficient is 0.96. The use of the proposed technology could improve the quality of news streams processing. The solution to the problem of automatic identification of semantic similarity can be used to identify texts of the same domain, relevant information, extract facts and eliminate semantic ambiguity, etc. Keywords: data stream, agenda, logical-linguistic model, distribution-statistical model, collocation, semantic similarity, WordNet, news text corpus, precision.

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15

Watson, Barbara. "The Psychosocial Courtroom: Towards a New Theory of Argumentation." Canadian journal of law and society 11, no. 1 (1996): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100004609.

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AbstractThis paper argues for a psychosocial theory of courtroom argumentation. Its central thesis is the deconstruction of the deceptive shifts of courtroom dynamics between the veneer of logical propriety and the emotional prescription buried below. Selected observations on the androcentric bias of the sciences, on linguistic convention as gendered historical ambition, and on alternatives to the dominant logical mode of reasoning and argumentation constitute Part I. Part II critically analyzes selected cases for courtroom alternatives. In an effort to reclaim non-linguistic discourse, Part III synthesizes the emotional mode of argumentation and reasoning with feminist spheres of relevance and reasonableness. The conclusion: that such a synthesis may combine with the rational to present a model for our legal system

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Shakhnazaryan, Vladimir Mikhailovich. "To the question on studying national versions of multinational languages (on the example of Mexican national version of Spanish)." Litera, no. 9 (September 2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33693.

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This article is dedicated to examination of the currently relevant question of linguistic variation. The goal consists in the analysis of key approaches towards studying the peculiarities of Mexican national version of Spanish. The subject of this research is the specificities of systemic, logical, linguistic, and cognitive-pragmatic approaches towards studying national versions of multinational languages. The starting point is the statement that problem of determination and structurization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of the genesis, statics and dynamics (state and functionality) of this national version of the modern Spanish lingual system requires a more detailed and thorough analysis. Within the framework of this article, the author considers the systematic, logical, linguistic, cognitive-pragmatic approaches and their specificity, substantiated by the peculiarities of studying linguistic and speech means of the Mexican national version of Spanish as an independent national-cultural model of the linguistic worldview. Russian and foreign Romance philology has a number of works dedicated to the topic at hand. However, the question of systematization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of development, current state, and national-cultural specificities of functionality of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical linguistic units, which determine the differences between Mexican national version of Spanish and other versions, remains unresolved.

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Pottier, Richard. "Carré sémiotique et interprétation des récits mythiques. — Semiotic square and the interpretation of myths." Sign Systems Studies 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2006.34.2.07.

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Semiotic square and the interpretation of myths. Greimas’ semiotic square is built upon the hypothesis that the concept of elementary structure of signification is operational only if subjected to a logical interpretation and formulation. However, Greimas’ commentaries on that model are questionable. On the one hand, he asserts that logical nature of the connection between any two terms, s1 and s2, is undetermined; on the other hand, he provides the relations s1 – non s1, s2 – non s2, s1 – non s2 and s2 – non s1 with a logical status. Now, since these two statements are inconsistent, a choice must be made: either these four relations have a logical significance, and then the semiotic square is a logical square, so that s1 – s2 has to be interpreted as an incompatibility relation; or s1 – s2 has no logical meaning, and then not only the status of the other relations given in the model is not logical either, but also the simple fact of applying negation to the terms s1 and s2 is meaningless. That dilemma follows from an argument, that Greimas has laid down as a principle, under which linguistic communication depends on the existence of a deep level (or immanent level) of the significance, that is supposed to precede its manifestation in speech. If, conversely, we assume that significance is produced at discursive level, and that consequently the patterning of linguistic codes relies on what could be called a semantic sedimentation process, which comes out from linguistic activity, there is no more dilemma. Such a thesis, which implies that the elementary structure of signification must be seen as the schematization by the describer of speakers’ mental activity, leads to a point of view inversion. Nevertheless, the two conditions which, according to Greimas, are required for catching the meaning are still relevant, except that, contrary to Greimas’ opinion, they now apply at the speech level: two discursive units can be opposed if they simultaneously include a common feature which join them, and a distinguishing feature which disjoin them. In order to illustrate that point, an analysis of two short amerindian myths, which Lévi-Strauss has already investigated, will be undertaken, and finally specific problems related to the interpretation of that kind of narratives will be outlined.

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Hieu, Nguyen Duy, Nguyen Cat Ho, and Vu Nhu Lan. "ENROLLMENT FORECASTING BASED ON LINGUISTIC TIME SERIES." Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/36/2/14396.

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Dealing with the time series forecasting problem attracts much attention from the fuzzy community. Many models and methods have been proposed in the literature since the publication of the study by Song and Chissom in 1993, in which they proposed fuzzy time series together with its fuzzy forecasting model for time series data and the fuzzy formalism to handle their uncertainty. Unfortunately, the proposed method to calculate this fuzzy model was very complex. Then, in 1996, Chen proposed an efficient method to reduce the computational complexity of the mentioned formalism. Hwang et al. in 1998 proposed a new fuzzy time series forecasting model, which deals with the variations of historical data instead of these historical data themselves. Though fuzzy sets are concepts inspired by fuzzy linguistic information, there is no formal bridge to connect the fuzzy sets and the inherent quantitative semantics of linguistic words. This study proposes the so-called linguistic time series, in which words with their own semantics are used instead of fuzzy sets. By this, forecasting linguistic logical relationships can be established based on the time series variations and this is clearly useful for human users. The effect of the proposed model is justified by applying the proposed model to forecast student enrollment historical data.

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Wang, Dabuxilatu, and Liang Zhang. "A Fuzzy Set-Valued Autoregressive Moving Average Model and Its Applications." Symmetry 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10080324.

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Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models are important in many fields and applications, although they are most widely applied in time series analysis. Expanding the ARMA models to the case of various complex data is arguably one of the more challenging problems in time series analysis and mathematical statistics. In this study, we extended the ARMA model to the case of linguistic data that can be modeled by some symmetric fuzzy sets, and where the relations between the linguistic data of the time series can be considered as the ordinary stochastic correlation rather than fuzzy logical relations. Therefore, the concepts of set-valued or interval-valued random variables can be employed, and the notions of Aumann expectation, Fréchet variance, and covariance, as well as standardized process, were used to construct the ARMA model. We firstly determined that the estimators from the least square estimation of the ARMA (1,1) model under some L2 distance between two sets are weakly consistent. Moreover, the justified linguistic data-valued ARMA model was applied to forecast the linguistic monthly Hang Seng Index (HSI) as an empirical analysis. The obtained results from the empirical analysis indicate that the accuracy of the prediction produced from the proposed model is better than that produced from the classical one-order, two-order, three-order autoregressive (AR(1), AR(2), AR(3)) models, as well as the (1,1)-order autoregressive moving average (ARMA(1,1)) model.

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Schmid, Hans-Jörg. "Why Cognitive Linguistics must embrace the social and pragmatic dimensions of language and how it could do so more seriously." Cognitive Linguistics 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0048.

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AbstractI will argue that the cognitive-linguistic enterprise should step up its efforts to embrace the social and pragmatic dimensions of language. This claim will be derived from a survey of the premises and promise of the cognitive-linguistic approach to the study of language and be defended in more detail on logical and empirical grounds. Key elements of a usage-based emergentist socio-cognitive approach known as Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model (Schmid 2014, 2015) will be presented in order to demonstrate how social and pragmatic aspects can be integrated and operationalized in a cognitive-linguistic framework.

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Togeby, Ole. "Hvad er betydning?" HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 15, no. 29 (March 3, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v15i29.25690.

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In the same way as Descartes defined body and soul, linguistic expression and meaning can be defined as extensive and divisible and as inextensive and indivisible respectively. Linguistic meaning is analysed in a model containing 1) the situation or scene of communication, 2) the physical utterance act, 3) the inextensive thought which is what the utterance counts as, and 4) the situation that the thought is a representation of. The thought is inextensive in time and space, but organized in a logical hierarchy of conceptual meaning included in propositional meaning, included in informational meaning, included in interactional meaning. Such a model of linguistic meaning makes it possible to make a functional analysis of, among other things, the overwhelming amount of monosemiation of the almost always polysemic lexemes of language.

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Rolka, Leszek, Alicja Mieszkowicz-Rolka, and Grzegorz Drupka. "Multicriteria decision-making in flight route selection." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 9 (June 3, 2020): 1377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2019-0245.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a hybrid logical-arithmetic approach for selecting optimal flight routes. It can be used in the framework of free route airspace (FRA), which is aimed at achieving higher efficiency of air traffic management. Design/methodology/approach At the first stage, an initial subset of flight routes is selected that are promising alternatives with respect to single numerical criteria. At the second stage, a hybrid multicriteria decision model is constructed, consisting of numerical criteria and additional linguistic criteria. At the third stage, the numerical and linguistic criteria are integrated into a crisp decision matrix for determining the final ranking using the technique for order preferences by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Findings The considered decision-making problem involves different kinds of criteria. Numerical (objective) criteria are given as real numbers. Linguistic (subjective) criteria are expressed with the help of fuzzy linguistic values. In consequence, a (logical) reasoning process prior to performing an (arithmetic) optimization procedure is necessary. Furthermore, a uniform optimization procedure requires a way of combining numerical and linguistic attributes. Practical implications The proposed approach can be applied to solving various multicriteria decision-making problems, where both objective and subjective criteria are taken into account. Originality/value First, a fuzzy information system that includes linguistic condition attributes is constructed. Second, a fuzzy inference system that is necessary for determining the resulting fuzzy criterion “turbulence conditions” for all flight routes is introduced. Finally, a way of combining numerical and linguistic criteria is proposed. This is done by converting values of fuzzy attributes into crisp ones, basing on the preferences of a decision-maker.

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23

Sher, G. Y. "Did Tarski commit “Tarski's fallacy”?" Journal of Symbolic Logic 61, no. 2 (June 1996): 653–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275681.

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In his 1936 paper, On the Concept of Logical Consequence, Tarski introduced the celebrated definition of logical consequence: “The sentenceσ follows logically from the sentences of the class Γ if and only if every model of the class Γ is also a model of the sentence σ.” [55, p. 417] This definition, Tarski said, is based on two very basic intuitions, “essential for the proper concept of consequence” [55, p. 415] and reflecting common linguistic usage: “Consider any class Γ of sentences and a sentence which follows from the sentences of this class. From an intuitive standpoint it can never happen that both the class Γ consists only of true sentences and the sentence σ is false. Moreover, … we are concerned here with the concept of logical, i.e., formal, consequence.” [55, p. 414] Tarski believed his definition of logical consequence captured the intuitive notion: “It seems to me that everyone who understands the content of the above definition must admit that it agrees quite well with common usage. … In particular, it can be proved, on the basis of this definition, that every consequence of true sentences must be true.” [55, p. 417] The formality of Tarskian consequences can also be proven. Tarski's definition of logical consequence had a key role in the development of the model-theoretic semantics of modern logic and has stayed at its center ever since.

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24

Supardi, Moh, and Frans Sayogie. "The Logical Pattern of Argument: A Case Study of National University Debating Championship." Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i1.8466.

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In academic field, argument is an essential factor of understanding statements. In this regard, the present paper aims to analyse National University Debate Contest (NUDC) 2016 using Toulmin model argumentative structure and its relation with the implied meaning from National University Debate Contest. This paper employs descriptive qualitative analysis to examine the logical pattern of arguments through linguistic expressions that occurred in the debate. The data were taken from NUDC in Mercu Buana University focusing on (part 1) the statement of the government proponent (Bina Nusantara University) and the opposite speaker (Brawijaya University). The data were analysed using the Toulmin model of logical argument. The findings showed that the government opposite speaker very often made the rebuttal claim by showing the weaknesses from the government side; while the government proponent speaker has claimed almost in every pattern of argument proposed by Toulmin model. The paper concludes that both speakers’ patterns of argument have utilized Toulmin model such as claims, data, qualifiers, rebutting conditions, and warrants. Even though there are so many grammatical mistake and unwell-organized structure, but the logical structure can be analysed using Toulmin model.

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25

Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 5. Introduction to Logic." Discourse 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-109-117.

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Introduction. The article continues the series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter R–linguistics) and is devoted to an introduction to the logic of natural language in relation to the approach considered in the series. The problem of natural language logic still remains relevant, since this logic differs significantly from traditional mathematical logic. Moreover, with the appearance of artificial intelligence systems, the importance of this problem only increases. The article analyzes logical problems that prevent the application of classical logic methods to natural languages. This is possible because R-linguistics forms the semantics of a language in the form of world model structures in which language sentences are interpreted.Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of logic and semantics, the formulated concept of the interpretation operator is used.Results and discussion. The problems that arise when studying the logic of natural language in the framework of R–linguistics are analyzed. These issues are discussed in three aspects: the logical aspect itself; the linguistic aspect; the aspect of correlation with reality. A very General approach to language semantics is considered and semantic axioms of the language are formulated. The problems of the language and its logic related to the most General view of semantics are shown.Conclusion. It is shown that the application of mathematical logic, regardless of its type, to the study of natural language logic faces significant problems. This is a consequence of the inconsistency of existing approaches with the world model. But it is the coherence with the world model that allows us to build a new logical approach. Matching with the model means a semantic approach to logic. Even the most General view of semantics allows to formulate important results about the properties of languages that lack meaning. The simplest examples of semantic interpretation of traditional logic demonstrate its semantic problems (primarily related to negation).

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Rubbani, Awais, Robina Sarwar, and Rabia Ghaffar. "Construction of Reality in Pakistani English Newspapers: A Semiotic Analysis Study." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.2.4.

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Representation of social issues of the society through cartoons is of great importance in Pakistan. The newspapers’ cartoonists represent social issues according to their own objectives. They construct satire on these social issues by using images and captions. It is significant to investigate how the newspapers’ cartoonists frame reader’s opinion about social issues of the society through linguistic choices. The current study was conducted to examine social satire in cartoons in Pakistani English newspapers. The objectives of the current research were to identify the recurring social themes in cartoons, to investigate the semiotic devices used in cartoons and to find out the logical connection developed between linguistic and semiotic devices in cartoons for the reflection of social issues in Pakistani English newspapers. The present research was qualitative in nature. The data were collected from the cartoons published in Pakistani English newspapers i.e. Daily Times (Pakistan), Dawn and The Nation. Barthes’ (1974) model of semiological analysis was used for interpretation of social satire in cartoons in Pakistani English newspapers. After analysis, it was found that the newspaper’s cartoonists used specific linguistic devices like exaggeration, symbolism, labeling, caption, irony and analogy for construction of social satire in cartoons. They also exposed the social issues like corruption, inflation, explanation, terrorism, poor democracy, wrong policies of the government, thana culture, energy crises, meat adulteration and child brutality. There were also logical connections between linguistic and semiotic devices in cartoons to enhance the reader’s understanding of social satire.

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27

Ratushnyak, G., and V. Pankevych. "ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION INDICATORS OF BUILDING ENCLOSURES BY LINGUISTIC VARIABLES." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 29, no. 2 (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2020-2-77-86.

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The classification of the factors influencing decision-making at an estimation of thermal conductivity of a heat-insulating cover of the building is offered. The relationship between the parameters of the thermal state of the thermal insulation of buildings and its energy efficiency is presented in the form of a logical conclusion tree. The logical inference tree at the system level characterizes the ratio of parameters that affect thermal conductivity. To create a mathematical model for expert assessment of the technical condition of the thermal insulation of the building, it is advisable to use the apparatus of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory. The formalization of quantitative and qualitative factors influencing the thermal efficiency of the building insulation shell has been carried out. When assessing the technical condition of the thermal insulation of the building (energy efficiency), quantitative and qualitative factors of influence are expressed through linguistic variables. Estimation of levels of linguistic variables is represented by term sets. Thermal conductivity as a factor in the thermal insulation of a building is related to the normative classification of energy efficiency of buildings in force in Ukraine.

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KARLSSON, Jens. "Linguistic Temporality, Logical Meaning and Narrative Perspectives: Adverbs /zai/ and /you/ in Modern Standard Chinese." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.1.2.25-38.

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In this paper is presented an inquiry into some aspects of the meaning and usage of two temporal adverbs zai (再) and you (又) in Modern Standard Chinese. A decompositional analysis of the semantic encoding of the adverbs is conducted, aiming to better explain their recorded differences in usage. First, a sketch of some of the fundamental features of linguistic temporality is provided in order to model the structure of temporal semantic information encoded in the adverbs. Non-temporal (logical) meaning such as assertion and inference is also shown to be an important aspect of the semantic content of the adverbs. Adverbs zai and you are shown to encode the same semantic content except for a difference in viewpoint; the first being prospective, the second retrospective. Concrete linguistic examples reflecting the intrinsic semantic encoding of the adverbs are raised and discussed. It is then argued that through combining the decompositional analysis with ideas concerning conceptual analogy, some issues raised by Lu and Ma (1999) regarding the usage of zai and you in past and future settings may be resolved.

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Nkemjika Grace Nnama and Damian Ezejindu. "Relationship between Fingerprint patterns and Multiple Intelligence among young adults in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0445.

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The field of neuroscience is fast emerging with the various types of intelligence becoming critical to the overall wellbeing of an individual. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between fingerprint patterns and multiple intelligence among young adults (18-26 years) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra state. Two hundred and forty one subjects were enlisted in this study, comprising 140 females (58.1%) and 101 males (41.9%). Each subject filled the Howard Gardner model of Multiple intelligence test and were examined on the different forms of Multiple Intelligence: Linguistic, Logical, and Kinesthetic. Musical, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligences. Their fingerprint patterns were gotten with a fingerprint scanner. The data collected was analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 2.0). Also Chi square test was used to test the differences between variable groups and analysis showed that intrapersonal intelligence had the highest percentage of 28.2% followed by logical and interpersonal intelligence. Naturalistic intelligence had the least percentage of 3.2%. Males also showed a higher dominance of Logical, interpersonal, spatial, and kinesthetic intelligence; whereas females showed higher musical, naturalistic, linguistic, and intrapersonal intelligence. Also, the highest occurrence for the loop fingerprint was found among students with intrapersonal and musical intelligence; the highest occurrence for whorl was found among students with spatial and kinesthetic intelligence; and the highest occurrence of arch is found among students with naturalistic and linguistic intelligence. There was however, no significant difference observed in the relationship between multiple intelligence and tribe. The result of this study confirmed that every individual has different forms of intelligence at different levels and the knowledge of this may be useful in selecting career prospects.

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30

Lapata, Maria, and Alex Lascarides. "A Probabilistic Account of Logical Metonymy." Computational Linguistics 29, no. 2 (June 2003): 261–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120103322145324.

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In this article we investigate logical metonymy, that is, constructions in which the argument of a word in syntax appears to be different from that argument in logical form (e.g., enjoy the book means enjoy reading the book, and easy problem means a problem that is easy to solve). The systematic variation in the interpretation of such constructions suggests a rich and complex theory of composition on the syntax/semantics interface. Linguistic accounts of logical metonymy typically fail to describe exhaustively all the possible interpretations, or they don't rank those interpretations in terms of their likelihood. In view of this, we acquire the meanings of metonymic verbs and adjectives from a large corpus and propose a probabilistic model that provides a ranking on the set of possible interpretations. We identify the interpretations automatically by exploiting the consistent correspondences between surface syntactic cues and meaning. We evaluate our results against paraphrase judgments elicited experimentally from humans and show that the model's ranking of meanings correlates reliably with human intuitions.

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31

Lauro Grotto, Rosapia, Milos Borozan, and Giulia Battilotti. "Infinite Singletons and the Logic of Freudian Theory." Language and Psychoanalysis 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/landp.v10i2.5795.

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The aim of this paper is to advance a formal description of the implicit logic grounding of the psychoanalytic theory. We therefore propose a new interpretation of the logical features of the Freudian unconscious process, starting from the Bi-logic formulation put forward by the Chilean psychoanalyst Matte Blanco. We conceive the universal undifferentiated state of the deep psychoanalytic Unconscious in terms of particular sets named infinite singletons, and we show how they can represent the logical foundations for a formal description of the Primary process. We first disclose some implicit assumptions underlying the common logical language. In doing so, we discover an unexpected presence of symmetry even in the most basic of logical and verbal structures. In the approach derived, we show that infiniteness, not finiteness, is the primary mode of sets, and therefore, of thinking. The pivotal consequence of this model is that the unconscious elements cannot be characterised in the absence of external reality, which produces the collapse of infinite sets and allows for the emergence of linguistic representations. Finally, we discuss how the model could represent a platform to formalise further developments of psychoanalytic theory, in particular with respect to the shift from the First to the Second Topics in Freudian theory.

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32

Lauro Grotto, Rosapia, Milos Borozan, and Giulia Battilotti. "Infinite Singletons and the Logic of Freudian Theory." Language and Psychoanalysis 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/landp.v10i2.5795.

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The aim of this paper is to advance a formal description of the implicit logic grounding of the psychoanalytic theory. We therefore propose a new interpretation of the logical features of the Freudian unconscious process, starting from the Bi-logic formulation put forward by the Chilean psychoanalyst Matte Blanco. We conceive the universal undifferentiated state of the deep psychoanalytic Unconscious in terms of particular sets named infinite singletons, and we show how they can represent the logical foundations for a formal description of the Primary process. We first disclose some implicit assumptions underlying the common logical language. In doing so, we discover an unexpected presence of symmetry even in the most basic of logical and verbal structures. In the approach derived, we show that infiniteness, not finiteness, is the primary mode of sets, and therefore, of thinking. The pivotal consequence of this model is that the unconscious elements cannot be characterised in the absence of external reality, which produces the collapse of infinite sets and allows for the emergence of linguistic representations. Finally, we discuss how the model could represent a platform to formalise further developments of psychoanalytic theory, in particular with respect to the shift from the First to the Second Topics in Freudian theory.

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33

Lauro Grotto, Rosapia, Milos Borozan, and Giulia Battilotti. "Infinite Singletons and the Logic of Freudian Theory." Language and Psychoanalysis 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/landp.v10i2.5795.

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Анотація:

The aim of this paper is to advance a formal description of the implicit logic grounding of the psychoanalytic theory. We therefore propose a new interpretation of the logical features of the Freudian unconscious process, starting from the Bi-logic formulation put forward by the Chilean psychoanalyst Matte Blanco. We conceive the universal undifferentiated state of the deep psychoanalytic Unconscious in terms of particular sets named infinite singletons, and we show how they can represent the logical foundations for a formal description of the Primary process. We first disclose some implicit assumptions underlying the common logical language. In doing so, we discover an unexpected presence of symmetry even in the most basic of logical and verbal structures. In the approach derived, we show that infiniteness, not finiteness, is the primary mode of sets, and therefore, of thinking. The pivotal consequence of this model is that the unconscious elements cannot be characterised in the absence of external reality, which produces the collapse of infinite sets and allows for the emergence of linguistic representations. Finally, we discuss how the model could represent a platform to formalise further developments of psychoanalytic theory, in particular with respect to the shift from the First to the Second Topics in Freudian theory.

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34

Fiorini, Rodolfo A. "The Emerging Computational Biolinguistic Framework." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 12, no. 4 (October 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2018100101.

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The convergence of software and intelligent sciences forms the transdisciplinary field of computational intelligence. Abstract intelligence is a human enquiry of both natural and artificial intelligence at the reductive embodying levels of neural, cognitive, functional, and logical from the bottom-up (BU). The human brain is at least a factor of 1 billion more efficient than our present digital technology, and a factor of 10 million more efficient than the best digital technology that we can imagine today. The unavoidable conclusion is that current neuromorphic engineering has something fundamental to learn from the human brain and cells about a new and much more effective form of computation, with a convenient, effective, efficient, and reliable BU approach. The author presents a brain-inspired geometric-logical scheme defining fundamental human linguistic and predicative competence. According to CICT, complete duality of opposition and implication geometry in logical geometry and language can model n-dimensional predicative competence and beyond, according to available computational resources.

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35

Burda, Michal, Pavel Rusnok, and Martin Štěpnička. "Mining Linguistic Associations for Emergent Flood Prediction Adjustment." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/131875.

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Floods belong to the most hazardous natural disasters and their disaster management heavily relies on precise forecasts. These forecasts are provided by physical models based on differential equations. However, these models do depend on unreliable inputs such as measurements or parameter estimations which causes undesirable inaccuracies. Thus, an appropriate data-mining analysis of the physical model and its precision based on features that determine distinct situations seems to be helpful in adjusting the physical model. An application of fuzzy GUHA method in flood peak prediction is presented. Measured water flow rate data from a system for flood predictions were used in order to mine fuzzy association rules expressed in natural language. The provided data was firstly extended by a generation of artificial variables (features). The resulting variables were later on translated into fuzzy GUHA tables with help of Evaluative Linguistic Expressions in order to mine associations. The found associations were interpreted as fuzzy IF-THEN rules and used jointly with the Perception-based Logical Deduction inference method to predict expected time shift of flow rate peaks forecasted by the given physical model. Results obtained from this adjusted model were statistically evaluated and the improvement in the forecasting accuracy was confirmed.

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36

Baryshnikov, P. N. "Stanislav Lem on the philosophy of language: recovery from fragments of phrases." Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C), no. 2 (January 2, 2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17726/philit.2021.2.6.

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This article examines some of S. Lem’s statements about his philosophical and worldview positions regarding the mysterious nature of language and the linguistic sign, the connection between language, mind and reality. The main goal of the paper is to understand what texts on the philosophy of language the Polish thinker read and what attitude he has formed towards them. Lem is the follower of an analytical intellectual culture that focuses on the naturalistic worldview and the consequences of the “linguistic turn” in Western philosophy. For Lem, language is not only an interesting philosophical object, but also a complex precise instrument of his own creative thinking. In this regard, the philosophy of language for a writer cannot be based only on logical-linguistic atomistic methodology. Lem seeks (and finds) in his contemporary interdisciplinary methods ways to combine realistic and anti-realist positions. Many concepts, such as “the effect of semantic transparency”, “polymorphic language model”, “variation model” are quite correlated with modern theories of language and require additional philosophical comments.

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Brenner, Joseph E., and Abir U. Igamberdiev. "Philosophy in Reality: Scientific Discovery and Logical Recovery." Philosophies 4, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies4020022.

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Three disciplines address the codified forms and rules of human thought and reasoning: logic, available since antiquity; dialectics as a process of logical reasoning; and semiotics which focuses on the epistemological properties of the extant domain. However, both the paradigmatic-historical model of knowledge and the logical-semiotic model of thought tend to incorrectly emphasize the separation and differences between the respective domains vs. their overlap and interactions. We propose a sublation of linguistic logics of objects and static forms by a dynamic logic of real physical-mental processes designated as the Logic in Reality (LIR). In our generalized logical theory, dialectics and semiotics are recovered from reductionist interpretations and reunited in a new synthetic paradigm centered on meaning and its communication. Our theory constitutes a meta-thesis composed of elements from science, logic and philosophy. We apply the theory to gain new insights into the structure and role of semiosis, information and communication and propose the concept of ‘ontolon’ to define the element of reasoning as a real dynamic process. It is part of a project within natural philosophy, which will address broader aspects of the dynamics of the growth of civilizations and their potential implications for the information society.

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MONSEF, Fatima Az Zahra. "PEDAGOGICAL ENGINEERING FOR TEACHING ARABIC FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD -THE LEXICON AS A MODEL-." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, no. 02 (April 1, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.2-3.9.

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The importance of the research project lies in the formation of the child during the pre-school stage by transforming him into the following mental stages in the development process, through the guiding function of the language, and the development of his logical thinking during the age stage between4-6 years, by enriching his linguistic outcome, and the formation of concepts, And the diversification of levels of linguistic knowledge within the environment to which the child belongs. The linguistic lexical project has educational and cultural goals, child’s tongue, accompanied by some information related to their pronunciation, drawing, derivation with their synonyms, opposites, uses and employment. Therefore, we discussed during this research project an explanation of the pedagogical background controlling the manufacture of this dictionary, from external characteristics at the level of from, and internal to the level of content, in addition to the principles, conditions and standards that should de, as follows: basic principles: 1. Simplicity 2. The functional dimension is words used in daily life that help the child to cope 3. Helping to continue the processes of mental development, sensory, motor, emotional. 4. Proximity to the child’s surroundings and environment A moong the conditions for compositing this dictionary is the development of contemporary scientific and artistic terms. To be characterized by clarity, comprehensiveness and arrangement, symbols, to be descriptive and analytical in the arrangement of its vocabulary, styles, and sentences

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39

Badie, Farshad, and Luis M. Augusto. "The Form in Formal Thought Disorder: A Model of Dyssyntax in Semantic Networking." AI 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai3020022.

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Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a clinical mental condition that is typically diagnosable by the speech productions of patients. However, this has been a vexing condition for the clinical community, as it is not at all easy to determine what “formal” means in the plethora of symptoms exhibited. We present a logic-based model for the syntax–semantics interface in semantic networking that can not only explain, but also diagnose, FTD. Our model is based on description logic (DL), which is well known for its adequacy to model terminological knowledge. More specifically, we show how faulty logical form as defined in DL-based Conception Language (CL) impacts the semantic content of linguistic productions that are characteristic of FTD. We accordingly call this the dyssyntax model.

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40

Gorbunova, A. D. "Analysis of the factors influencing the choice of the urban regular route for the electric bus." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 4 (2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-4-127-133.

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The paper presents the results of analysis of existing approaches to the selection of the route for the introduction of the electric bus and organization of the charging infrastructure. At the stage of the study, there has been revealed that presently, there are no researchers in this area that have taken into account the influence of operating conditions and the features of organizing transport services for the population on regular urban routes in the Russian Federation. Therefore, this research is aimed at identifying and systematizing the factors that influence the choice of an urban regular route for the electric bus. As a result, there has been formed a structural and logical scheme of factors, which will enable developing a logical and linguistic model for choosing the electric bus route.

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41

Kamhi, Alan G. "The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 23, no. 3 (July 1992): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2303.261.

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My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

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42

Effenberger, Charlotte. "Linguistic Approach to Semantic Correlation Rules." SHS Web of Conferences 102 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110202004.

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Анотація:

As communication between humans and machines in natural language still seems essential, especially for end users, Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods are used to classify and interpret this. NLP, as a technology, combines grammatical, semantical, and pragmatical analyses with statistics or machine learning to make language logically understandable by machines and to allow new interpretations of data in contrast to predefined logical structures. Some NLP methods do not go far beyond a retrieving of the indexation of content. Therefore, indexation is considered as a very simple linguistic approach. Semantic correlation rules offer the possibility to retrieve easy semantic relations without a special tool by using a set of predefined rules. Therefore, this paper aims to examine, to which extend Semantic Correlation Rules (SCRs) will be able to retrieve linguistic semantic relations and to what extend a simple NLP method can be set up to allow further interpretation of data. In order to do so, an easy linguistic model was modelled by an indexation that is enriched with semantical relations to give data more context. These semantic relations were then queried by SCRs to set up an NLP method.

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43

Novikov, N. N., N. T. Sorokin, N. N. Grachev, I. S. Mashkov, M. E. Denisova, V. S. Nikitin, M. M. Varfolomeeva, and V. F. Evtyukhin. "ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND LABOUR PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURE WITH THE ORGANIC FARMING DEVELOPMENT: A MODEL OF INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-99-119.

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The aim of the research is the assessment of environmental hazards and occupational safety to implement the most effective ways to protect workers, the environment from the effects of hazardous and harmful factors when using chemicals in agriculture.Research methods: monographic, abstract‐logical, mathematical and logical‐linguistic modeling, computational‐ constructive, probability theory, expert estimates, etc.Results: a model of integrated assessment of environmental hazards and labor protection in agriculture, including nine assessment blocks: 1) soil contamination by pesticides, agrochemicals and heavy metals; 2) the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ensuring environmental protection; 3) the load of livestock on pastures; 4) the ratio of stabilizing and destabilizing factors; 5) the risk of waste and by‐products; 6) the production of environmentally safe products; 7) working conditions in the workplace; 8) the level of investment in labor protection, environment and environmentally safe products; 9) the level of environmental culture and culture of labor protection of workers and the population.Conclusion: the Model is tested in the working conditions of LLC ʺMalinischiʺ of the Pronsky district of the Ryazan region in manual mode and can be the basis for the implementation of information and computer technology assessment.

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Biswas, Saroj Kr, Monali Bordoloi, Heisnam Rohen Singh, and Biswajit Purkayastha. "A Neuro-Fuzzy Rule-Based Classifier Using Important Features and Top Linguistic Features." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 12, no. 3 (July 2016): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2016070103.

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The efficient feature selection for predictive and accurate classification is highly desirable in many application domains. Most of the attempts to neuro-fuzzy classifier lose information to build interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model. This paper proposes an interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model with significant features without loss of knowledge, which is an extension of an existing interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model. The proposed model is designed based on the consideration of feature importance that is determined by frequency of linguistic features. The rules are then made based on important features. Therefore, the knowledge acquired in network can be comprehended to logical rules using only important features. The proposed model finally performs classification task by rule-based approach. The average accuracy calculated by 10-fold cross validation finds that the proposed model can increase performance of the already proven neuro-fuzzy system for classification tasks.

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Mujib, Mujib. "Penjenjangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Berdasarkan Teori Bloom Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Multiple Intelligences." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v2i1.3534.

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This study aims to see how the mathematical model of critical thinking skills is based on Bloom theory in terms of Multiple Intelligences intelligence, namely Students have Linguistic Intelligences, Logical-Mathematical and Spatial Intelligence Intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects taken in this study were using purpose sampling techniques. Data collection techniques used are tests, questionnaires, observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Each Multiple Intelligences intelligence is capable of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. Based on the tests and interviews the characteristics seen are at the stage of observing, understanding and applying. Not able to analyze, evaluate and be creative. Students who have a tendency to Linguistic Intelligence Intelligence processes the process of critical thinking mathematically has the stages of Lower Order Thinking (LOT). Students who have Spatial Intelligence Intelligence stages of critical thinking skills are mathematical, namely at the stage of observing, understanding, applying analysis and evaluation. At the stage of creation, the characteristics of students are not able. Students who have a tendency for Spatial Intelligence intelligence in the process of mathematical critical thinking skills at the level of Middle Order Thinking (MOT). Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence Intelligence stage of critical thinking ability that is the stage of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and developing. Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence tendencies in the process of mathematical critical thinking abilities at the stages of Higher Order Thinking (HOT).

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Goel, Vinod, Brian Gold, Shitij Kapur, and Sylvain Houle. "Neuroanatomical Correlates of Human Reasoning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562744.

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One of the important questions cognitive theories of reasoning must address is whether logical reasoning is inherently sentential or spatial. A sentential model would exploit nonspatial (linguistic) properties of representations whereas a spatial model would exploit spatial properties of representations. In general terms, the linguistic hypothesis predicts that the language processing regions underwrite human reasoning processes, and the spatial hypothesis suggests that the neural structures for perception and motor control contribute the basic representational building blocks used for high-level logical and linguistic reasoning. We carried out a [15O] H2O PET imaging study to address this issue. Twelve normal volunteers performed three types of deductive reasoning tasks (categorical syllogisms, three-term spatial relational items, and three-term nonspatial relational items) while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [15O] H2O PET imaging. In the control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning conditions subjects determined whether the third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences. The areas of activation in each reasoning condition were confined to the left hemisphere and were similar to each other and to activation reported in previous studies. They included the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47), a portion of the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 46), the left middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 21, 22), a region of the left lateral inferior temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 22, 37), and a portion of the left cingulate gyrus (Brodmann areas 32, 24). There was no significant right- hemisphere or parietal activation. These results are consistent with previous neuroimaging studies and raise questions about the level of involvement of classic spatial regions in reasoning about linguistically presented spatial relations.

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Lightfoot, David. "The child's trigger experience: Degree-0 learnability." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00048883.

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AbstractAccording to a “selective” (as opposed to “instructive”) model of human language capacity, people come to know more than they experience. The discrepancy between experience and eventual capacity (the “poverty of the stimulus”) is bridged by genetically provided information. Hence any hypothesis about the linguistic genotype (or “Universal Grammar,” UG) has consequences for what experience is needed and what form people's mature capacities (or “grammars”) will take. This BBS target article discusses the “trigger experience,” that is, the experience that actually affects a child's linguistic development. It is argued that this must be a subset of a child's total linguistic experience and hence that much of what a child hears has no consequence for the form of the eventual grammar. UG filters experience and provides an upper bound on what constitutes the triggering experience. This filtering effect can often be seen in the way linguistic capacity can change between generations. Children only need access to robust structures of minimal (“degree-0”) complexity. Everything can be learned from simple, unembedded “domains” (a grammatical concept involved in defining an expression's logical form). Children do not need access to more complex structures.

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Ferro, M. Vilares, M. Fernández Gavilanes, A. Blanco González, and C. Gómez-Rodríguez. "Intelligent Retrieval for Biodiversity." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 25, no. 01 (February 2016): 1550029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213015500293.

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A proposal for intelligent retrieval in the biodiversity domain is described. It applies natural language processing to integrate linguistic and domain knowledge in a mathematical model for information management, formalizing the notion of semantic similarity in different degrees. The goal is to provide computational tools to identify, extract and relate not only data but also scientific notions, even if the information available to start the process is not complete. The use of conceptual graphs as a basis for interpretation makes it possible to avoid the use of classic ontologies, whose start-up requires costly generation and maintenance protocols and also unnecessarily overload the accessing task for inexpert users. We exploit the automatic generation of these structures from raw texts through graphical and natural language interaction, at the same time providing a solid logical and linguistic foundation to sustain the curation of databases.

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Wajiha Kanwal, Quratulain, and Iffat Basit. "Interrelation of Multiple Intelligences and their Correlation with Linguistic Intelligence as Perceived by College Students: A Correlation Study." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i4.1468.

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The present study was concerned to determine Interrelation of Multiple Intelligences and their correlation with linguistic intelligence as perceived by college students. All the students of intermediate level studying in Islamabad Model Colleges was the population of this study. The 1000 students were selected as sample by using simple random sampling technique Questionnaire for students was used to collect the data. Experts were involved for validation of research instrument. The reliability was measured through pilot testing on 100 students. Researcher used SPSS advanced version to analyze the quantitative data. Mean, Standard Deviation, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that moderate inter-correlation exists between verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical intelligences and. It was suggested that teachers may use all the Multiple intelligences during the teaching-learning process to promote their development.

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Balygina, Elena Anatol'evna, Yuliya Vladimirovna Yarovikova, and Oksana Aleksandrovna Krukovskaya. "Communicative-syntactic model of teaching precis writing of English scientific texts in a non-core university." Педагогика и просвещение, no. 2 (February 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0676.2020.2.32899.

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An important condition for the formation of foreign language professional communicative competence is the development of a skill of precis writing. Annotation of scientific texts suggests a strong command to determine communicative and semantic structure of the text. However, this process is complicated by information saturation of a scientific text, which on the level of linguistic interpretation manifests in a high frequency of syntactic constructs with complex communicative and semantic structure. Using the example of one of such structures (sentences with gerundive turn as an adverbial), the author examines the peculiarities of teaching the aspects of precis writing, which are related to the analysis of semantic structure of the text and develop the following skills: the ability to determine communicative significance of thematic sequence that ensure logical-semantic integrity of the text, as well as ability to segment the English sentence considering its syntactic specificities and interaction with semantic structure of the text. The proposed model of teaching of the discursive aspects of precis writing is focused on the necessity to form the skill of integration of knowledge regarding the peculiarities of linguistic interpretation of local and global connectedness of the scientific text for determination of most important elements of its content and further creation of logically organized and connected secondary text.

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