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Книги з теми "Logical entailment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Zhi yue luo ji: Chuan tong luo ji yu xian dai luo ji di jie he. Guiyang Shi: Guizhou ren min chu ban she, 1985.

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2

Burchardt, Aljoscha. Modeling textual entailment with role-semantic information. Saarbrücken: German Research Center for Artifical Intelligence, 2008.

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3

1930-, Belnap Nuel D., and Dunn J. Michael 1941-, eds. Entailment: The logic of relevance and necessity. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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4

Sidorenko, E. A. Relevantnai︠a︡ logika: Predposylki, ischislenii︠a︡, semantika. Moskva: IFRAN, 2000.

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5

Patterson, Richard. Aristotle's modal logic: Essence and entailment in the Organon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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6

Zaĭt︠s︡ev, D. V. Obobshchennai︠a︡ relevantnai︠a︡ logika i modeli rassuzhdeniĭ: Monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Kreativnai︠a︡ ėkonomika, 2010.

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7

Burgess, John P. No Requirement of Relevance. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0024.

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Анотація:

Classic logic defines entailment to hold between a premise (or set of premises) and a conclusion if and only if their logical form guarantees that either the premise (or at least one element of the set of premises) is false, or the conclusion is true. The definition obliges the logician to recognize certain degenerate entailments. A premise (or set of premises) that is contradictory in the sense that its logical form guarantees that it is false (or that at least one element of the set of is false) entails any conclusion: ex falso quodlibet. And a conclusion that is tautologous in the sense that its logical form guarantees that it is true is entailed by any premise (or set of premises): ex quolibet verum. The commitment of classical logic to these principles has frequently been attacked by indignant critics who denounce the degenerate cases of entailment as “paradoxes.”

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8

Belnap, Nuel D., J. Michael Dunn, and Alan Ross Anderson. Entailment. Princeton Univ Pr, 1992.

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9

Holliday, Wesley H., and Thomas F. III Icard. Axiomatization in the Meaning Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0002.

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Анотація:

While much of semantic theorizing is based on intuitions about logical phenomena associated with linguistic constructions—phenomena such as consistency and entailment—it is rare to see axiomatic treatments of linguistic fragments. Given a fragment interpreted in some class of formally specified models, it is often possible to ask for a characterization of the reasoning patterns validated by the class of models. Axiomatizations provide such a characterization, often in a perspicuous and efficient manner. This chapter highlights some of the benefits of providing axiomatizations for the purpose of semantic theorizing. Three examples from the study of modality provide an illustration of these benefits.

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10

Crupi, Vincenzo, and Katya Tentori. Confirmation Theory. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.33.

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Анотація:

We first discuss several qualitative properties of confirmation as analyzed in a probabilistic framework. Some of these properties are classical, while others are relatively novel; some are shared by absolute and incremental confirmation, others are distinctive for each kind. We then proceed to address axiomatic characterizations of major classes of probabilistic measures of incremental confirmation. This treatment includes an original result displaying how conditions which single out the traditional probability difference measure up to ordinal equivalence. Finally, we argue that the longstanding project of a compelling confirmation-theoretic generalization of logical entailment (and refutation) can be achieved, provided that the right explicatum is adopted (to wit, a relative distance measure). This conclusion, we submit, dispels concerns that have been aired in the literature up to recent times.

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11

Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity. Princeton University Press, 2017.

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12

Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity. Princeton University Press, 2017.

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13

Dunn, J. Michael, Nuel D. Belnap, Alan Ross Anderson, and Nuel D. Jr Belnap. Entailment, Vol. II: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity. Princeton University Press, 2017.

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14

Patterson, Richard. Aristotle's Modal Logic: Essence and Entailment in the Organon. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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15

Patterson, Richard. Aristotle's Modal Logic: Essence and Entailment in the Organon. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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16

Patterson, Richard. Aristotle's Modal Logic: Essence and Entailment in the Organon. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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17

Webber, Jonathan. The Imperative of Authenticity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0010.

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Анотація:

This chapter articulates Simone de Beauvoir’s argument for a categorical imperative of authenticity, presented across her short book Pyrrhus and Cineas and so far overlooked in existential and moral philosophy. The argument aims to derive this imperative from the very structure of human being itself. It begins from a premise that, according to existentialism, everyone must accept. This is the premise that some ends are valuable. It aims to derive from this, by a sequence of logical entailments, the conclusion that the structure of human agency is objectively valuable. If we must accept the opening premise and if the logical reasoning is sound, then it is imperative that we accept the conclusion. If successful, this argument establishes a categorical imperative that both grounds moral constraints on behaviour and establishes that our enterprises within those constraints are not absurd.

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18

Holt, Robin. Paris. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199671458.003.0002.

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The earliest story of judgment comes in the Iliad with the Judgment of Paris and the ensuing Trojan Wars. The chapter suggests we have concealed important insights from this story, so enamoured have we become with an understanding of history configured through substantiated evidence. The Iliad resists the logic of entailment and proof, and instead delights in an ordinary world in which myth, event, character, and things cohere and contrast with little overall coherence. In such a world without much in the way of subjects and objects envisaging strategy as enacting a plan seems futile. Despite understanding ourselves differently now, as subjects in whom knowledge resides, the world of the Iliad still resonates. Perhaps in spite of our knowledge, we seem no closer to a settled condition of control than those immersed in the Trojan War.

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