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Статті в журналах з теми "Logging"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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1

Zhiyou, Liu, Huo Jinghuan, and Zhu Xiaogang. "The application of digital logging in exploration of Jiang Cang coalfield in Qinghai province." International Journal of Geology 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/ijg.2016.006.

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A lot of well logging on to Jiang Cang coalfield in the past work and achieved good results, but due to differ in age, instrumentation equipment and method were different. In order to understand the application effect of the equipment used in the area now and in order to provide the basis for the future working to choose the appropriate logging parameters and well logging interpretation, we chosed GJS - 1 b intelligent engineering logging system produced by Chongqing geological instrument factory in Jiang Cang mining area, we collected the data when cable were ascending, according to ã€Šthe requirements of the rules of coalfield geophysical loggingã€‹, JGS - 1 b instrument full hole resistivity logging velocity of 3 m/s, the sampling interval was 5 cm, acoustic logging measurement parameter for the acoustic time, adopt the device of single-emission and double-receiving, detectorsource space was 0.5 meters, 0.7 meters, the full hole velocity was 6 m/s, the sampling interval was 10 cm.In this paper, we introduce the application of multiple well logging method in coalfield geology through to the logging examples in Mu Li Jang Cang coalfield four fieldÂ of qinghai province, the effect was remarkable

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2

Price, Blaine A., Avelie Stuart, Gul Calikli, Ciaran Mccormick, Vikram Mehta, Luke Hutton, Arosha K. Bandara, Mark Levine, and Bashar Nuseibeh. "Logging you, Logging me." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3090087.

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3

Studwell, William E. "Logging on and Cata-Logging." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 16, no. 1 (September 22, 1997): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v16n01_06.

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4

de Silva, Amal P., and W. Keith Patterson. "Influence of Root Flooding Interval on Phytophthora Root Rot of Blueberry." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 468D—468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.468d.

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Phytophthora root rot is a severe disease on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in poorly drained soils. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of water-logged conditions on disease severity of blueberry. Phytophthora cinnamomi was grown on rice hulls and incorporated into the soil at the rate of 10% v/v. Water logging conditions were inflicted for 48 hr on mulched and non–mulched blueberry plants at 1-, 2-, and 4-week intervals. Non-water logging conditions were used on both mulched and non-mulched control plants. There was a significant linear relationship between disease severity of shoots and roots and the frequency of water-logging conditions. Disease symptoms were low in control plants, but disease ratings were high in mulched and non-mulched plants that were treated with water-logging conditions every week. There was also a linear trend between shoot dry weight and root dry weight of plants with frequency of water logging. Higher dry weights were seen on control plants. There was a significantly higher shoot, root dry weight and number of leaves of mulched plants than non-mulched plants. The percentage of infection on roots were high with frequent water logging. The study revealed high disease incidence with frequent water loggings. However, growth of mulched blueberry plants were comparable in control plants and plants that were subjected to water logging at 4-week intervals.

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5

Lin, Jiunn-Cheng, Jun-Yen Lee, and Wan-Yu Liu. "Risk Analysis of Regions with Suspicious Illegal Logging and Their Trade Flows." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063549.

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To eradicate illegally harvested wood sources in its domestic market, it is critical to conduct risk assessments on wood sourcing in regions with illegal loggings. It is not reliable to use a single indicator to analyze suspicious illegal logging. This study integrates three key global indicators: CPI (Corruption Perceptions Index), HDI (Human Development Indicator), and WGI (The Worldwide Governance Indicators) by applying the entropy weight method to establish a new risk indicator to rank suspicious illegal logging regions. This study aims to establish better risk indicators by considering more factors to assess the risks of illegal logging and its trade flow more reliably. By analyzing roundwood production, Myanmar, Congo, and Nigeria are rated high-risk. Countries such as the U.S., Germany, Canada, and Finland are rated low-risk.

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6

Nurhadiyanto, Lucky. "ALUR PELACAKAN PEMBALAKAN LIAR (ILLEGAL LOGGING) MELALUI PENDEKATAN PENCUCIAN UANG." SISI LAIN REALITA 1, no. 2 (December 11, 2016): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2016.vol1(2).1385.

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Illegal logging is a part of crime against environment, which has a massive impact on the economy, social, cultural, and ecological. Ironically, majority of the illegal logging’s perpetrators are dominated by “the field criminal”. On the other side, intellectual actors who can control the activities never touch by the law. The money laundering concept can give a new approach to detect the leader actor. The author use follow the money viewpoint, which includes placement, layering, and integration. Qualitative data collection methods is used with in-depth interviews, systematic observation of the behavior, and document analysis. The result is a new paradigm in investigating illegal logging no longer focused on the field actors, but potentially tracking the intellectual actors behind illegal logging.

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7

Solt, John. "Treacherous Logging." Voice of Intellectual Man- An International Journal 9, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2319-4308.2019.00025.2.

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8

Mueller, H. Gustav. "Data logging." Hearing Journal 60, no. 10 (October 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000295442.16133.d7.

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9

Brown, Alastair. "Selective logging." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1361.

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10

Jones, S., SM Gatford, T. Do, and S. Walker. "Transaction logging." Journal of Documentation 53, no. 1 (March 1997): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007189.

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11

Fehlmann, Gaëlle, and Andrew J. King. "Bio-logging." Current Biology 26, no. 18 (September 2016): R830—R831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.033.

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12

Worthington, Paul F. "Induction logging." Marine and Petroleum Geology 8, no. 1 (February 1991): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(91)90056-7.

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13

Williams, Nigel. "Logging off." Current Biology 19, no. 17 (September 2009): R719—R720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.037.

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14

ZHAO, Dan, Ping MIN, Longquan YANG, Shili LU та Cangwen JIAO. "N451 γ Spectrometry Logging Probe and Logging Techniques". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, s2 (грудень 2014): 1434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12381_46.

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15

KAPITANETS, Stepan, and Galina RADELCHUK. "PECULIARITIES OF DATA LOGGING AND INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION TYPE ON THE CHOICE OF LOGGING METHODOLOGY." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, no. 6(1) (December 29, 2022): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6-98-101.

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Software is not perfect and may contain bugs that cannot be detected by tests, or that will manifest themselves only over time. Sometimes problems can occur even in the code of third-party libraries or services that are used in the software system. To improve the reliability of software systems and timely detection of problems, data logging is used. Logging is a very important aspect of software development. By studying application logs, software developers can detect anomalies and errors in software systems, find the cause and provide an update or patch with fixes. Nevertheless, despite the importance of data logging practice, in most cases this process is chaotic. Developers write logging code solely based on their own considerations or neglect it altogether. This study points to the need to improve the state of research on data logging practices. For example, more efforts should be made to define what exactly to log, to generate logging data in a clear way and from the developer’s point of view with enough information to recreate the events even without having to run the application. This article describes ways in which this can be achieved. This research aims to establish a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in data logging research with an emphasis on identifying possible problems and gaps that will further shed light on potential future research directions. This paper describes a study that focused on logging strategies used on real projects of different types. It investigated logging methods for desktop and web applications, and proposed improvements to the logging methodology that make it more flexible and convenient for software development teams regardless of the types of applications being developed.

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16

Saad, Siti Nor Maizah, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, Hamdan Omar, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Aisyah Marliza Muhmad Kamarulzaman, Esmaeel Adrah, Norzalyta Mohd Ghazali, and Midhun Mohan. "Modeling Carbon Emissions of Post-Selective Logging in the Production Forests of Ulu Jelai, Pahang, Malaysia." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041016.

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Harvested timber and constructed infrastructure over the logging area leave massive damage that contributes to the emission of anthropogenic gases into the atmosphere. Carbon emissions from tropical deforestation and forest degradation are the second largest source of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Even though the emissions vary from region to region, a significant amount of carbon emissions comes mostly from timber harvesting, which is tightly linked to the selective logging intensity. This study intended to utilize a remote sensing approach to quantify carbon emissions from selective logging activities in Ulu Jelai Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia. To quantify the emissions, the relevant variables from the logging’s impact were identified as a predictor in the model development and were listed as stump height, stump diameter, cross-sectional area, timber volume, logging gaps, road, skid trails, and incidental damage resulting from the logging process. The predictive performance of linear regression and machine learning models, namely support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and K-nearest neighbor, were examined to assess the carbon emission from this degraded forest. To test the different methods, a combination of ground inventory plots, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and satellite imagery were analyzed, and the performance in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and coefficient of correlation (R2) were calculated. Among the four models tested, the machine learning model SVM provided the best accuracy with an RMSE of 21.10% and a bias of 0.23% with an adjusted R2 of 0.80. Meanwhile, the linear model performed second with an RMSE of 22.14%, a bias of 0.72%, and an adjusted R2 of 0.75. This study demonstrates the efficacy of remotely sensed data to facilitate the conventional methods of quantifying carbon emissions from selective logging and promoting advanced assessments that are more effective, especially in massive logging areas and various forest conditions. Findings from this research will be useful in assisting the relevant authorities in optimizing logging practices to sustain forest carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation.

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17

Gu, Caiyun, Peng Zhao, Li Wang, and Hongxia Guo. "Technical Application of Petroleum Logging Instruments in Marine Logging." Polish Maritime Research 25, s3 (December 1, 2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0108.

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Abstract To solve the problem of offshore oilfield development, based on the newly introduced pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging instrument, the application research of test design and interpretation method was carried out and applied to actual production. The structure, technical indicators and logging principles of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging tools were introduced. The test design under different well conditions was studied, including general positive and negative injection, oil sleeve injection, single oil pipe configuration and multitubing configuration. A large amount of field test data was collected and analysed technically. A set of effective interpretation models was proposed. The corresponding interpretation software was developed. A set of test design methods and operating specifications for different well conditions were developed. Based on the conventional interpretation method, the peak selection, the double-tuber peak identification and the carbon dioxide flooding interpretation method were added. The results show that the test design and interpretation methods were applied well through a large number of field tests and production applications. Therefore, pulsed neutron oxygen activated injection profile logging technology is successfully applied in offshore oil fields.

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18

Yu, Hua Ping, and Huan Wu. "Discussion on Preprocessing Technique of Geophysical Logging Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2178.

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Logging data preprocessing is the basis of reservoir description and reservoir evaluation with logging data, which is a technique that can reduce the influence generated by the nongeological factors (such as the logging environment, logging instrument precision and calibration, the artificial operation etc.) as much as possible by some mathematic methods. This paper analyzes the regular methods of logging data preprocessing such as well logging curve environment correction technique, logging curve normalization technique and logging curve interpolation technique, and presents standard procedure of logging data pretreatment and application results. The result shows that logging preprocessing will get better result.

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19

Phaltane, Saurabh, Anand Nahar, and Nikhil Garge. "Scalable Logging Solutions on Cloud." SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA) 02, no. 06 (December 11, 2014): 07–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcsea/v2i6/0207710301.

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20

Dragoi, M. "Tradable permits in logging operations." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (May 17, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11855-jfs.

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The paper presents a new system of tradable permits combined with ecological bonds that is able to promote environment-friendly logging technologies, supposed to be less harmful to the forest ecosystem. All loggers deposit in advance ecological bonds on to-be-harvested volume basis and a certain number of permits to damage is freely given per each cubic meter, by the public authority. After surveying the damage caused throughout all harvested tracts, the number of permits on the volume basis is recomputed for each logger according to the magnitude and importance of damage caused. The logging company that caused smallest damage and saved most permits is allowed to sell to another competitor the number of permits which makes the difference between the two companies. The main section of the paper presents five simulations based on reliable scenarios that have been developed on some effective data referring to two types of damage produced by seven Romanian logging companies in 1999, in Suceava state county forest. Firstly, the deterministic scenario shows that environment-friendly companies become more competitive due to the new system because they have an additional income from sold permits. Conversely, companies unable to protect the environment are to pay more for being in business and thus their capacity to buy more timber is diminished. Assuming that companies able to get money due to this kind of trade are also able to improve their technology and can afford to buy more timber, it was demonstrated that the technological transfer is encouraged by the new system that might be combined with a regular compensation paid to the landowner as well. The greater the bond, the more advantageous the system for fewer and fewer companies. The lower the bond, the more companies can take advantage of the system but less money is collected from a given market.

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21

Burivalova, Zuzana, Tien Ming Lee, Xingli Giam, Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu, David S. Wilcove, and Lian Pin Koh. "Avian responses to selective logging shaped by species traits and logging practices." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1808 (June 7, 2015): 20150164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0164.

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Selective logging is one of the most common forms of forest use in the tropics. Although the effects of selective logging on biodiversity have been widely studied, there is little agreement on the relationship between life-history traits and tolerance to logging. In this study, we assessed how species traits and logging practices combine to determine species responses to selective logging, based on over 4000 observations of the responses of nearly 1000 bird species to selective logging across the tropics. Our analysis shows that species traits, such as feeding group and body mass, and logging practices, such as time since logging and logging intensity, interact to influence a species' response to logging. Frugivores and insectivores were most adversely affected by logging and declined further with increasing logging intensity. Nectarivores and granivores responded positively to selective logging for the first two decades, after which their abundances decrease below pre-logging levels. Larger species of omnivores and granivores responded more positively to selective logging than smaller species from either feeding group, whereas this effect of body size was reversed for carnivores, herbivores, frugivores and insectivores. Most importantly, species most negatively impacted by selective logging had not recovered approximately 40 years after logging cessation. We conclude that selective timber harvest has the potential to cause large and long-lasting changes in avian biodiversity. However, our results suggest that the impacts can be mitigated to a certain extent through specific forest management strategies such as lengthening the rotation cycle and implementing reduced impact logging.

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22

Dmitrenko, E. V., Yu I. Zakharchenko, and S. P. Shuray. "Prevention of the accidents based on risk analysis during well logging." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 3 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2103-07.

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Conduction of well logging is associated with the possibility of occurrence of various emergency situations. The most probable are the sticking of well-logging tools and logging cable rupture. Such events can trigger the development of emergencies. Therefore, ensuring safety during well logging is an actual and practically important task. The authors analyzed the risk of well logging activities using the method of event tree analysis. It has been found that the main causes of sticking are rapid descent of the logging probe and casing string displacement. The rapid descent of logging probes is associated with incorrect actions of the operator and damage to the well logging winch. The logging probe breakage (rupture) is associated with mechanical damage to the cable and poor connection of the probe to the cable. The authors propose a set of specific recommendations to reduce the risk of accidents and to improve the coherence of the work carried by drilling personnel and the well logging laboratory, to timely detect defects in the logging cable and to rapidly remove well-logging tools in the event of an accident.

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23

Williams, G. Bob, Purabi Bora, and Omprakash Sahu. "A Solution to Tough Logging Conditions (Lwf): Intro to Tough Logging Conditions, Logging While Fishing, Operation Procedure and Conditions." Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research, no. 44 (November 15, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.44.95.103.

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This review work summarised new generation logging techniques such Tough Logging Conditions (TLC) & Logging While Fishing (LWF) and their advancement in drilling operations. The production of Oil & gas from the stage of exploration to production should need a lot of data for economic and safe operations. The conditions of the sub-surface cannot be simply predicted unless with some measured parameters under the LOGGING term. Logging is defined as a continuous record of Petro’s physical parameters of rock against time and depth. Instead of conventional logging techniques of wireline such as SP, Gamma-ray, Neutron, Calliper log, etc, logging while drilling, logging while fishing set them aside of their extended applications. Logging while Fishing is a new generation technology that allows unfailing operations of logging tool by a special installation even in cut and thread operation also aids economic and time enhancement. Tough logging conditions are a technique applied either when the hole has highly deviated or when you need to control the position of a tool. This project includes the study and interpretation of above discussed new generation logs. These tools offer all types of logging carried out on wireline except the SP logging. Logging while drilling provides real-time measurements of physical parameters while drilling operation itself which avoids an additional running of tools causing trips and sticking of drill pipe. The data is stored in the bottom assembled logging tool.

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24

Johnson, Morris C., Jessica E. Halofsky, and David L. Peterson. "Effects of salvage logging and pile-and-burn on fuel loading, potential fire behaviour, fuel consumption and emissions." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 6 (2013): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12080.

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We used a combination of field measurements and simulation modelling to quantify the effects of salvage logging, and a combination of salvage logging and pile-and-burn fuel surface fuel treatment (treatment combination), on fuel loadings, fire behaviour, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions at three points in time: post-windstorm (before salvage logging), post-salvage logging and post-surface fuel treatment (pile-and-burn). Salvage logging and the treatment combination significantly reduced fuel loadings, fuelbed depth and smoke emissions. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced total surface fuel loading (sound plus rotten) by 73 and 77%. All fine woody fuels (<7.6cm) were significantly reduced by salvage logging and the treatment combination. In contrast, there was significant increase in the 1000-h (7.6–22.9cm) fuel loading. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced mean fuelbed depth by 38 and 65%. Salvage logging reduced PM2.5 emissions by 19%, and the treatment combination reduced emissions by 27%. Salvage logging and the treatment combination reduced PM10 emissions by 19 and 28%. We observed monotonic changes in flame length, reaction intensity and rate-of-spread after salvage logging and treatment combination. Study results illustrate potential differences between the effects of salvage logging after windstorms and the effects of salvage logging after wildfire.

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25

DANYLIV, Serhiy, Volodymyr KARMAZENKO, Oleg STASIV, Maksym BONDARENKO, and Volodymyr КULYK. "APPARATUS-METHODICAL COMPLEXES TO DETERMINE PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS WHILE DRILLING AND IN CASED BOREHOLES." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 1-2(44-45) (June 30, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238935.

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The results of the development of apparatus-methodical complexes for the topical trends of geophysical borehole research, namely logging while drilling and wireline logging in cased boreholes, are presented. The complexes are based on the use of radioactive logging methods, which are effective in the presence of steel pipes in the borehole (integral gamma-ray logging, neutron-neutron logging, neutron-gamma logging and density logging). Combined tools for logging while drilling (LWD-KPRK-48, diameter 48 mm) and wireline logging in cased wells (WL-KPRK-42, diameter 42 mm) have been developed. The grading characteristics of the tools for typical logging conditions were obtained. The main elements of interpreting-methodological support have been developed to determining the petrophysical parameters of oil and gas reservoirs: shaliness, density, porosity, type of saturation, etc. The borehole tests have demostrated high information capacity and efficiency of developed complexes.

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26

ROZAK, Andes Hamuraby. "Towards better estimates of carbon stocks in Borneo's logged-over Dipterocarp forests." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 345 (November 2, 2020): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.345.a31940.

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Tropical forests are a major reservoir of biodiversity and carbon (C), playing a pivotal role in global ecosystem function and climate regulation. However, most tropical forests, especially Borneo's forests in Southeast Asia, are under intense pressure and threatened by human activities such as logging, mining, agriculture and conversion to industrial plantations. Selective logging is known to reduce both above- and below-ground biomass by removing selected large trees, while increasing deadwood stocks through collateral logging damage and creating large gaps in the canopy. The extent of incidental damage, canopy opening and the rate of C recovery were shown to be primarily related to logging intensity. This thesis assesses the long-term effects of logging intensity on five main C pools in Dipterocarp forests in northern Borneo (Malinau District, North Kalimantan) along a logging intensity gradient ranging from 0 to 57% of initial biomass removed in 1999/2000. Our results showed that total C stocks 16 years after logging ranged from 218-554 Mg C/ha with an average of 314 Mg C/ha. A difference of 95 Mg C/ha was found between low logging intensity (< 2.1% of initial biomass lost) and high logging intensity (> 19%). Most C (approx. 77%) was found in living trees, followed by soil (15%), deadwood (6%) and a small fraction in litter (1%). The imprint of logging intensity was still detectable 16 years after logging. Logging intensity was thus shown to be the main driver explaining the reduction of AGC>20, BGC>20, in deadwood and total C stocks and an increase in deadwood. Our results quantify the long-term effects of logging on forest C stocks, especially in AGC and deadwood. High logging intensity (50% reduction of initial biomass) reduced total C stocks by 27%. AGC recovery was lower in high logging intensity plots, suggesting lowered forest resilience to logging. Our study showed that keeping logging intensity below 20% of the initial biomass can limit the long-term effects of logging on AGC and deadwood stocks.

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27

Roque, Rafael H., Alexandre M. Sebbenn, David H. Boshier, Afonso F. Filho, and Evandro V. Tambarussi. "Logging Affects Genetic Diversity Parameters in an Araucaria angustifolia Population: An Endangered Species in Southern Brazil." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051046.

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Araucaria angustifolia is an endangered species with more than 97% of its natural populations extinct. Logging of the species in the few remaining natural populations is highly restricted, though not readily accepted by farmers and logging companies. Consequently, political pressures have emerged for a return to logging of the species. Assessing the sustainability of such logging requires studies of a range of impacts on the remaining populations, including their genetic viability. We investigated the effect of selective logging on genetic diversity, intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS), effective population size (Ne), and pollen and seed dispersal in three A. angustifolia permanent sample blocks established in a remnant of Araucaria Forest in Brazil. In these sample blocks, three logging intensities were applied (LI: 18.4, 31.4, and 32.3% of trees). Microsatellite analysis was performed for all adult and juvenile trees pre- and post-logging saplings. After selective logging, the greatest loss of alleles and the greatest decrease in Ne were observed from the highest LI. Logging increased SGS, while the distance and patterns of pollen and seed dispersal were different for both pre- and post-logging scenarios, with pollen dispersed over greater distances than seed. Pollen dispersal distance post-logging and seed dispersal distance pre- and post-logging decreased with the increased distance between parents. After logging, Ne reduced from 27.7 (LI = 31.4%) to 28.8 (LI = 18.4%) and 39.5% (LI = 32.3%), and some alleles were lost. Despite this, the loss of these alleles may be compensated for in subsequent generations, considering that logging resulted in changes such as an increase in the rate and distance of pollen immigration. Under the conditions evaluated in this study, selective logging of A. angustifolia is not adequate. To achieve truly sustainable forest logging, new rules that combine higher minimum DBH, lower logging intensity, and longer cutting cycles must be adopted. Furthermore, extensive genetic studies must be performed before logging any individual from a natural population.

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28

Rosenberg, Jan. "Rangeley Logging Festival." Journal of American Folklore 115, no. 457/458 (2002): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4129194.

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29

Thompson, Sara T., and William B. Magrath. "Preventing illegal logging." Forest Policy and Economics 128 (July 2021): 102479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102479.

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30

Hoahwah, Sy. "Logging Trail Angel." World Literature Today 91, no. 3 (2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2017.0195.

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31

Sy Hoahwah. "Logging Trail Angel." World Literature Today 91, no. 3-4 (2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.91.3-4.0053.

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32

McGee, T. G., and M. Patricia Marchak. "Logging the Globe." Pacific Affairs 69, no. 4 (1996): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2761192.

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33

Foster, John Bellamy, and M. Patricia Marchak. "Logging the Globe." Contemporary Sociology 25, no. 5 (September 1996): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077536.

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34

Broding, Robert A. "Acoustic borehole logging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, no. 6 (December 1991): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.401374.

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35

Keen, John S., and William J. Dally. "Extended ephemeral logging." ACM Transactions on Database Systems 22, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/244810.244811.

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36

Wellington, Alex, and M. Patricia Marchak. "Logging the Globe." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 22, no. 2 (June 1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551917.

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37

Arulraj, Joy, Matthew Perron, and Andrew Pavlo. "Write-behind logging." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 10, no. 4 (November 2016): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3025111.3025116.

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38

Chang, Li-Pin, Yo-Chuan Su, and I.-Chen Wu. "Plugging Versus Logging." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 14, no. 2 (March 25, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2629455.

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39

Loetzsch, W., N. Michme, and A. R. Volker. "Neutron Activation Logging." Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 21, no. 4 (January 1985): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256018508623462.

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40

Whitten, Anthony J., and Johanne Ranger. "Logging at Bohorok." Oryx 20, no. 4 (October 1986): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020299.

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The felling of forest adjacent to the well-known Bohorok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Centre in North Sumatra, Indonesia, stimulated a series of local and national government responses, the course of which is instructive for those trying to grapple with conservation problems in Indonesia and elsewhere. The authors followed the story while working as Advisor to the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies at the University of North Sumatra, Medan, and World Wildlife Fund volunteer at the Bohorok Centre, respectively.

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41

McDOUGALL, J., W. H. FERTL, G. V. CHILINGARIAN, and T. F. YEN. "Circumferential Acoustic Logging." Energy Sources 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908318808908915.

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42

Timur, A., and M. N. Toksoz. "Downhole Geophysical Logging." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 13, no. 1 (May 1985): 315–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.001531.

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43

Oparin, V. N., V. I. Vostrikov, A. A. Akinin, A. P. Tapsiev, B. P. Badtiev, and E. A. Babkin. "Video logging probe." Journal of Mining Science 42, no. 6 (November 2006): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-006-0110-z.

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44

Hurst, Andrew. "Geological well logging." Marine and Petroleum Geology 5, no. 1 (February 1988): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(88)90046-3.

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45

Nekut, Anthony G. "Anisotropy induction logging." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 3 (March 1994): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443596.

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The apparent tensor anisotropic conductivity of the formations around a borehole can be calculated from triaxial induction logging data. In particular, analysis of the late‐time transient coupling of triaxial coincident loops yields a simple method to determine the principle axes and conductivities.

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46

Kleinberg, Robert L. "Well logging overview." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance 13, no. 6 (2001): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.1019.

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47

C, Susan. "A Logging Robot." Scientific American 330, no. 6 (June 2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican062024-2ptgly7yztmgqbiq9gns0g.

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48

Galbraith, Lavina. "Life after Logging." Journal of Forestry 92, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/92.1.20.

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49

Heriansyah, I., H. A. Hamid, A. A. Nurudin, S. Ibrahim, A. Abdu, and M. A. Alias. "Assessment of reduced impact logging technique at different logging intensity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012067.

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Abstract Despite increased recognition of the value provided by forests, the tropical forest potential continued to be seriously degraded, especially by overexploitation. In the field of harvesting, achieving sustainable forest management requires environmentally responsible logging, hence the growing interest in reduced impact logging (RIL) as an alternative strategy to promoting good forestry practices be expected can continue to fulfil the functions of forest ecosystems. The study was conducted in 100 ha of the first cutting cycle and 200 ha of the second cutting cycle of 22 years logged over the forest in Indonesia Borneo. The degraded level is measured based on disclosed area, while potential production of the residual stand is predicted by using growth increment data from a permanent sample plot. Harvest intensity influence significantly to residual stand condition with a positive correlation. Potential production of residual trees in the first logged-over forest after 35 years is almost recovered then can be achieved sustainable yield. It means that 22 years is not a sustainable cutting cycle. The disclosure area after the second logging was high of 66.89 to 69.36. Potential production of residual trees was very low and need 35.5 to 42.8 years to recover, however, the cutting cycle needs a longer time to achieve sustainable forest management as long as 57.3 to 63.2 years. Based on this study, regulation of reduced cutting cycle on logged-over forest after 20 years is not recommended to implement in natural forests.

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50

Zhang, Wenzhe, Kai Lu, Mikel Luján, Xiaoping Wang, and Xu Zhou. "Write-Combined Logging: An Optimized Logging for Consistency in NVRAM." Scientific Programming 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398369.

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Nonvolatile memory (e.g., Phase Change Memory) blurs the boundary between memory and storage and it could greatly facilitate the construction of in-memory durable data structures. Data structures can be processed and stored directly in NVRAM. To maintain the consistency of persistent data, logging is a widely adopted mechanism. However, logging introduces write-twice overhead. This paper introduces an optimized write-combined logging to reduce the writes to NVRAM log. By leveraging the fast-read and byte-addressable features of NVRAM, we can perform a read-and-compare operation before writes and thus issue writes in a finer-grained way. We tested our system on the benchmark suit STAMP which contains real-world applications. Experiment results show that our system can reduce the writes to NVRAM by 33%–34%, which can help extend the lifetime of NVRAM and improve performance. Averagely our system can improve performance by 7%–11%.

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