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Статті в журналах з теми "LOCAL SCOURING"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

ROY, CHANDAN. "Effect of Bridge Pier Geometry on Local Scouring." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 10, no. 02 (April 26, 2017): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0234.

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2

Dargahi, Bijan. "Controlling Mechanism of Local Scouring." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116, no. 10 (October 1990): 1197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1990)116:10(1197).

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3

Paramadita, Tifarah Dayansabila, Nadia Azarine, Aburizal Azhar, and Didit Puji Riyanto. "Local Scouring Visualization of Bed Channel Surface in Hydraulic Structure Using Surfer." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 24, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v24i2.36499.

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Abstract. Water flowing in the river causes a scouring event that occurs at the bed channel. The existence of scouring will increase along with changes in the geometry of the river and obstacles such as the weir which are followed by local scouring around the weir. Local scouring often occurs downstream end of weir sill which weakens its construction. Scouring measurement was conducted to monitor the pattern of scouring that occurs. By using Surfer software, the scouring visualization through the Data Grid and 3D Surface can be seen. In this research, scour monitoring in the laboratory using open channels (flume) and MDO weir with fine aggregate material as the basis of the channel. The retrieval of scouring data was performed after installing fine aggregate and three times variations of flow discharge, then the data were processed using Surfer. The first flow used water level +3.50 with the material carried at 3.77%. The second flow used water level +4.50 with the material carried at 11.16%. The third flow used water level +5.70 with the material carried at 25.46%. So with the continuous method, the total material carried at 36.27% is equivalent to 12575.77 cm3.

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4

Heleno Cardoso, António, Cristina Maria Sena Fael, and Rui Miguel Madeira Lança. "On Local Scouring at Single Piers." Scientific Research Communications 1, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/src.2021.006.

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The paper mostly summarizes disperse contributions of the authors published during the last fifteen years on the scour depth at single piers. These contributions rely on unique experiments in the sense that they are systematically longer than most of those found in the literature. The characterization of the effects of flow intensity, relative sand size, flow shallowness, time and pier shape and alignment is significantly improved as compared with existing literature. Our contributions consist on refinements of the model suggested by the school of Auckland, initiated by Raudkivi and boosted by Melville and his students. A considerable number of empirical equations and charts expresses those contributions.

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5

Dehghani, A. A., H. Md Azamathulla, S. A. Hashemi Najafi, and S. A. Ayyoubzadeh. "Local scouring around L-head groynes." Journal of Hydrology 504 (November 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.020.

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6

Sun, Dong Po, Li Sha Wang, and Peng Tao Wang. "Study on the Local Scouring of the Bridge with Sediment Control Dam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2230.

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Based on the characteristics of local piers scouring after built the sediment control dam in the downstream of the bridge, by the monomer model experiment of flume, sixty groups of local piers scouring experiments have been carried on.The principle and the influence factors of the local piers scouring have been analyzed. The results of series model experiments show that, with the sediment control dams, the local scouring of the piers, on one hand, is influenced by the approach velocity, down-shearing vortex, dimension of the piers, diameter and gradation of the bed sand; on the other hand, it is affected by the elevation of the dam and distance between the pier and the dam. Therefore, the concept of “control slope” is introduced in order to reflect the impacts of the sediment control dam to the piers. Based on the theoretical deduction and dimensional analysis, the equation, which is used to calculate the local scouring with no-uniform bed sand, is acquired by multivariate regression analysis, has been testified by the flume experiment and has got a good result. The optimum value of control slope and the equation of local piers scouring with that dam provide valuable references for bridge flood-control design of the shallow foundation with downstream sediment control dam.

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7

Gao, Pengcheng, Xianyou Mou, and Honglan Ji. "Refined Simulation Study on the Effect of Scour Environments on Local Scour of Tandem Bridge Piers." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 7171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097171.

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Ice cover is a natural phenomenon unique to rivers in cold regions, and its existence is one of the reasons for the collapse of structural foundations of bridge piers across rivers. In order to understand the influence of different scouring environments on the hydrodynamics and sand bed morphology in the local scour holes around bridge pier foundations, this paper simulates the dynamic evolution process of the local scouring of tandem combination piers under open-flow and ice-cover environments, based on a turbulence model using the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) method and a sediment transport model considering the slope collapse effect, respectively. This study also takes the vortex flow and shear stress distribution at different characteristic moments of the pier perimeter section as the penetration point to analyze the effect of the influence law of the scouring environment on the morphology and relative time scale of the scour hole, and makes a detailed comparison with the results of the indoor flume test. The results of this study show that: for local scouring in open-flow conditions, sediment initiation is doubly inhibited and the hydrodynamic forces in the scouring hole are weakened; the local scouring caused by ice cover contributes to the total scouring of the submerged pier within its coverage area, which significantly increases the depth and range of the local scouring hole; and, although the interaction of turbulent eddies and shear stress on the pier side is the main dynamic mechanism of the scouring generated around the pier, the two have a strong correlation. The results of this study, obtained by accurately quantifying the amount of eddies and shear stress around the pier, are the basis for the reasonable estimation of the maximum local scouring depth, which can provide a reference for the study of the evolution of the riverbed around submerged structures in cold areas and is essential to avoid structural damage to the piers and reduce the economic loss of traffic..

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8

Li, Qishun, Yanpeng Hao, Peng Zhang, Haotian Tan, Wanxing Tian, Linhao Chen, and Lin Yang. "Numerical Study of the Local Scouring Process and Influencing Factors of Semi-Exposed Submarine Cables." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071349.

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Local scouring might result in the spanning of submarine cables, endangering their mechanical and electrical properties. In this contribution, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation model is developed using FLOW-3D, and the scouring process of semi-exposed submarine cables is investigated. The effects of the sediment critical Shields number, sediment density, and ocean current velocity on local scouring are discussed, and variation rules for the submarine cables’ spanning time are provided. The results indicate that three scouring holes are formed around the submarine cables. The location of the bottom of the holes corresponds to that of the maximum shear velocity. The continuous development of scouring holes at the wake position leads to the spanning of the submarine cables. The increase in the sediment’s critical Shields number and sediment density, as well as the decrease in the ocean current velocity, will extend the time for maintaining the stability of the upstream scouring hole and retard the development velocity of the wake position and downstream scouring holes. The spanning time has a cubic relationship with the sediment’s critical Shields number, a linear relationship with the sediment density, and an exponential relationship with the ocean current velocity. In this paper, the local scouring process of semi-exposed submarine cables is studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the operation and maintenance of submarine cables.

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9

Qi, Hongliang, Weiping Tian, and Haochi Zhang. "Modeling Local Scour around a Cylindrical Pier with Circular Collar with Tilt Angles (Counterclockwise around the Direction of the Channel Cross-Section) in Clear-Water." Water 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223281.

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This research explores how a circular collar with a tilt angle (counterclockwise around the direction of the channel cross-section) could affect the local scour depth around a single cylindrical pier in clear-water based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in six cases. The results show that a horizontal circular collar is the best for reducing the local scour depth. With the increases of the tilt angle, the effect on reducing the local scour depth decreases gradually and is even counterproductive at the scour equilibrium. At the early stage of scouring, cases with circular collars show obvious scouring depth reductions. The smaller the tilt angle is, the better and longer-lasting the protection that the circular collar can provide. When the tilt angle is smaller than 5°, the location of the maximum local scouring is around 90–115° (the angle is measured clockwise from the flow direction) on both sides of the pier. When the tilt angle is greater than 5°, the depth of local scouring in the range around −115° to 115° is close to the maximum local scouring depth. Significantly larger areas reach the maximum scouring depth when the tilt angle increases. Compared to Case 1 (the pier without a circular collar), in the cases with a circular collar, the topographies downwards the pier in 1.0D (D is the diameter of the bridge pier) are changed to siltation from scouring. The topography downwards the pier changes from scouring to siltation with the increase of the tilt angle, and the shape of siltation changes from a long-narrow rectangle to an equilateral triangle. This study may provide valuable insights into the protection of the local scour of the pier.

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10

Kadono, Takuma, Shinichiro Okazaki, Yoshihiro Kabeyama, and Toshinori Matsui. "Effect of Angle between Pier and Center of River Flow on Local Scouring around the Bridge Pier." Water 12, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113192.

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In recent years, heavy rainfall disasters have caused frequent damage to bridge piers due to scouring and have resulted in the fall of bridges in many areas in Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of local scouring around the downstream of the piers on the local scouring around the center of the river flowing at an angle to the piers. It was found that when the center of the river flows at an angle to the piers, the scouring area becomes wider from the upstream to the downstream of the piers because of the longer inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the water flow. The downstream scouring depth tends to be smaller than the upstream scouring depth. In addition, the time to the onset of tilting deformation of the piers increases with the inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the flowing water.

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11

Williams, Ian. "The Scouring of Wellywood." Cultural Politics 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-9305419.

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Abstract This article uses the work of brand theorists and New Zealand–based cultural critics to examine the circumstances that created the “Hobbit Law,” a New Zealand law aimed at busting local film industry unions. Branding logics created a struggle for authenticity around the importance of Middle-earth to New Zealand's national identity in the twenty-first century. This hybrid identity was then articulated as something that stood against labor actions by film industry workers, culminating in citizen marches against local labor. It closes by exploring ways that the importance of the brand as sense-making tool under neoliberalism might be reconfigured as something that might bridge the gap between media consumer and creative industry worker.

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12

Iwata, Koichiro, Changje Kim, and Tomohiko Abe. "Local Scouring around Multiple Large Circular Cylinders." PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 9 (1993): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.9.135.

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13

Kiraga, Marta, and Zbigniew Popek. "On local scouring downstream small water structures." PeerJ 8 (October 30, 2020): e10282. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10282.

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Background In order to regulate water flow, hydraulic structures such as weirs or checks, frequently equipped with gates, are used. Water can flow below or over the gate or, simultaneously, over and below the gate. Both diversifications of hydraulic gradient, being an effect of damming up a river by the structure and shear stresses at the bed, which exceeds the critical shear stress value, invoke the local scouring downstream the structure. This phenomenon has been studied in laboratory and field conditions for many years, however Researchers do not agree on the parameters that affect the size of the local scour and the intensity of its formation. There are no universal methods for estimating its magnitude However, solutions are sought in the form of calculation formulas typical for the method of flow through the structure, taking into account the parameters that characterize a given structure. These formulas are based on factors that affect the size of the local scours, that is, their dimensions and location. Examples of such formulas are those contained in this article: Franke (1960), Straube (1963), Tarajmovič (1966), Rossinski & Kuzmin (1969) equations. The need to study this phenomenon results from the prevalence of hydrotechnical structures equipped with gates (from small gated checks to large weirs) and from potential damage that may be associated with excessive development of local erosion downstream, including washing of foundations and, consequently, loss of stability of the structure. Methods This study verifies empirical formulas applied to estimate the geometry parameters of a scour hole on a laboratory model of a structure where water is conducted downstream the gate with bottom reinforcements of various roughness. A specially designed remote-controlled measuring device, equipped with laser scanner, was applied to determine the shape of the sandy bottom. Then the formula optimization is conducted, using Monte Carlo sampling method, followed by verification of field conditions. Results The suitability of a specially designed device, equipped with laser scanner for measuring the bottom shape in laboratory conditions was demonstrated. Simple formula describing local scour geometry in laboratory conditions was derived basing on the Straube formula. The optimized formula was verified in field conditions giving very good comparative results. Therefore, it can be applied in engineering and designing practices.

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14

Ghiassi, Reza, and Amir Hosein Abbasnia. "Investigation of Vorticity Effects on Local Scouring." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 38, no. 3 (October 2, 2012): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0337-8.

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15

Lufira, R. D., S. Marsudi, S. Agustien, and A. Khosin. "Determining the Depth of Local Scouring in a Downstream Energy Dissipation in the Physical Model Test." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012022.

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Abstract Karangnongko Weir is planned to be located in the Bengawan Solo River (Lower Solo River Basin) about 15 km downstream of the confluence of Bengawan Solo River with the Madiun River in Ngelo Village, Margomulyo Sub-District, Bojonegoro Regency, and Ngrawoh Village in Kradenan Sub-District, Blora Regency. This study aims to determine the Depth and pattern of scouring in downstream energy dissipation through physical model tests based on initial planning. Downstream protection of energy dissipation in the original design model combines 50 m of riprap rocks and 50 m of riprap concrete for a total length of 100 m of protection. The maximum scouring pattern occurred at elevation + 17.64 m, where the scouring was 4.36 m deep, from the planned essential height of Height 00 m. Thus, the downstream protection of energy dissipation was extended to 112 m in riprap concrete blocks for the final design model. Scouring at the end of riprap was 3.04 m, the original elevation of the river bottom of + 22.00 m, down to + 18.96 m. It is concluded that the protection is effective in reducing scouring by up to 30.27%.

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16

Schlömer, Oliver, and Jürgen Herget. "Geometry of Local Scour Holes at Boulder-like Obstacles during Unsteady Flow Conditions and Varying Submergence." Water 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2023): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050958.

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Local scour holes are erosional bed structures that are related to different scientific disciplines in Earth science and hydraulic engineering. Local scouring at naturally placed boulders is ubiquitous, but many competing factors make it difficult to isolate the effects of a given variable. This is especially true for local scouring at natural instream obstacles that are exposed to unsteady flow conditions in the course of flood hydrograph experiments. Experimental investigations in laboratory flumes offer the advantage that boundary conditions can be systematically varied. We present novel experimental data on the impact of the submergence ratio, hydrograph skewness, and flow intensity on local scouring at boulder-like obstacles during unsteady flow and evaluate the effect of discharge chronologies. In total, 48 flume experiments on subcritical clear-water conditions and channel degradation were performed. The experimental results reveal that local scouring dominantly occurred at the rising limb when flow depth was comparable to the obstacle size, so the obstacle was unsubmerged. The steeper the rising limb, the quicker the local scour hole matured. The experimental results are relevant for the hydraulic interpretation of local scour holes found at boulders in the field. They may be utilized as a proxy for the minimum duration of the beginning stage of a flood.

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17

Gao, Pengcheng, Xianyou Mou, and Honglan Ji. "Simulation Study on Local Scour Characteristics of Tandem Bridge Piers in a Straight River under a Changing Environment." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (July 31, 2023): 11776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511776.

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Hydrodynamics is a common manifestation that causes natural scouring of riverbeds, and it is one of the factors that exacerbate the natural disasters of local scouring of bridge piers, causing sustainability of environmental changes in the water. The evolution pattern and scour characteristics of the bed surface around the submerged structures under different scouring conditions vary greatly. In order to investigate the scour mechanism, the reformed group (RNG) turbulence model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software (v11.2) was used to simulate the scour under the clear-water scour and live-bed scour environments, and different scour morphology characteristics around the tandem piers under the clear-water scour and live-bed scour environments were obtained in the final simulation. By capturing the cross-sectional vortex and bed shear stress during the scouring process, the characteristic pattern of scouring topography around the pier and the relationship between the scour hole structure scale were analyzed, and the relationship equation between the development of scour depth and time scale was established. The study shows that: under the clear-water scouring environment, the sediment transport rate lags behind, but the contribution time is superior; under the live-bed scouring environment, by the shading and reinforcement influence of the upstream piers, the extent and development of the downstream pier surrounding the scour hole is small; the development trend of the maximum sediment transport rate of the scour hole and the great value of the shear stress is more synergistic, and the peri-pier eddy is positively correlated with the bed shear stress; through the regression equation to compare the relevant test and simulation results, the two are in good agreement, indicating that the simulated local scour evolution law is consistent with the actual law.

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18

Kadono, Takuma, Shinichiro Okazaki, Yoshio Kajitani, and Masahide Ishizuka. "Development of a Model for Evaluating the Disaster Risk Around a Pier due to Local Scouring Based on the Observed Weather Information." Advances in Science and Technology 107 (June 28, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.107.49.

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Heavy rainfall disasters frequently damage bridge piers due to scouring, which resulted in collapse of bridges in many areas in Japan. In this study, we developed a model for evaluating the tilting risk of bridge pier due to scouring around the pier, which fluctuates depending on rainfall conditions based on machine learning. For evaluating the risk potential of scouring, we developed a model based on past disaster data due to scouring around the pier using a neural network. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using the parameters of explanatory variables of the developed model, river level, and distance from the water edge to the pier. The results showed that the disaster risk around the pier due to scouring increased with the increase in river level and decrease in the distance from the water edge to the pier. Additionally, a river level prediction model was developed using support vector regression with the precipitation time measured 5 – 8 h beforehand and river level measured several hours earlier as an explanatory variable. Furthermore, this study shows that the two developed models can be combined with each other to assess the disaster risk around the jetty due to scouring, which varies with rainfall conditions, based on the observed meteorological information.

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19

Dehghani, Amir Ahmad, Taymaz Esmaeili, Wen-Yi Chang, and Navid Dehghani. "3D numerical simulation of local scouring under hydrographs." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166, no. 3 (March 2013): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00043.

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20

Iwata, Koichiro, Miyaike Yoshihito, Changje Kim, and Akira Imai. "Local Scouring area around Two Large Circular Cylinders." PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 10 (1994): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.10.79.

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21

Liu, Meng, and Hong-wei Zhang. "Explore on the Dynamic Cause of Local Scouring." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 304 (September 18, 2019): 032006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/304/3/032006.

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22

Qian, Wangfeng. "Countermeasure of Local Scour around Offshore Wind Power Piles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2520, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2520/1/012026.

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Abstract By using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, the RNG (Renormalization Group) turbulence model and the mud shield module are employed to establish a three-dimensional mathematical model of scouring around a wind power pile foundation. The model reliability is verified by literature results. A new wind power pile foundation protection method is proposed. The thickness of the diaphragm protective layer is 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. Through the numerical simulation results, the protective effect is invalid when the thickness of the protective layer is small, however, after the thickness of the protective layer exceeds a certain value, the local scouring is more significant.

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23

Zhang, Zhuoli, Wei Gao, Ping Li, Jie Liu, Yuanqin Xu, Xia Wei, and Anlong Li. "Influencing Factors of Submarine Scouring and Siltation Changes in Offshore Area of Shandong Peninsula." Water 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030435.

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This study constructs a digital elevation model of the coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula using GIS-based interpolation methods to investigate the 15-year characteristics of seabed scouring and siltation. It utilizes depth data of the Shandong Peninsula’s offshore area between 2004 and 2006 and 2017 and 2019. The results indicated that the Shandong Peninsula’s coastal-water seabed is characterized by integral siltation and local point scouring. In addition, the northwest Shandong Peninsula is dominated by siltation, mainly distributed between 2 and 5 m isobaths, with the largest siltation area located in Laizhou Bay. The net volume of siltation is 2.13 × 108 m3, the siltation rate is 0.152 × 108 m3.a−1, and the scouring is concentrated in the estuary and the west coast of Laizhou Bay. Scouring and siltation balance generally characterize the seabed in the northern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula, and the degree of scouring and siltation is weak. The siltation occurs primarily near the land area, while scouring occurs as the sea deepens. In the northeast of the Shandong Peninsula, the degree of scouring and siltation is extreme, and their distribution range is small, whereas in the south, siltation is distributed in large bays and straight coastal offshore waters, and its degree is relatively weak. At the southernmost end of the study area, the scouring and siltation in Jiaozhou Bay are spatially distributed and balanced. In reality, the key factors affecting the distribution of coastal-seabed scouring and siltation are materials transported by river sediment, coastal scouring, and human activities.

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24

Fitri, Arniza, Li Yao, Dian Pratiwi, Arlina Phelia, Susarman, Fajar Dewantoro, Destiana Safitri, and Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud. "Effectiveness of a groundsill structure in reducing scouring problem at Cimadur River, Banten Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 880, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012026.

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Abstract Groundsill is a transverse threshold structure that can be built on water body as one alternative in reducing the upstream water velocity and therefore could maintain the upstream sedimentation rates. Due to scouring problems faced in the Cimadur River, Banten Province, a groundsill structure has been constructed at one location in Cimadur River which is near to the Bantar Karang bridge structure. The scouring problem is worried to damage the abutment of the bridge structure. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the groundsill structure in reducing the scouring problem in Cimadur River, Banten Province. The effectiveness is determined by comparing the riverbed elevation around the Bantar Karang bridge structure, before and after 5 months construction of the groundsill structure. The results showed that the presence of the groundsill structure has increased the riverbed elevation especially around the abutment of the Bantar Karang bridge (approximately 25 cm in average after 5 months installation of the groundsill structure). It is therefore can slowly reduce the local scouring problem around Bantar Karang bridge. Besides, the results also showed that there is small reduction of riverbed elevation at the downstream area of the groundsill structure approximately about 10 cm in average. It can be concluded that the groundsill structure is quite effective in reducing the local scouring problem in Cimadur River, especially upstream area of their structure around Bantar Karang bridge.

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25

Oliveto, Giuseppe. "Local scouring downstream of a spillway with an apron." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166, no. 5 (May 2013): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00101.

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26

Herdiansyah, Sony, Dantje Kardana Natakusumah, and Dhemi Harlan. "FVCOM model simulation of local scouring around bridge pile." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927004020.

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Scouring is one of many damages that water can cause. Scouring can occur as a consequence of bridge pile existence. The problem on local scour around single pier will be studied by using FVCOM numerical model. This study objective is to find out how accurate FVCOM model to predict local scour behavior. FVCOM model is based on the finite volume method to solve Navier Stokes, Meyer Peter Muller, and Exner equations. FVCOM computed numerical result then will be verified with computed and measured data in previous numerical (FSUM model) and experimental study. Results from this study show FVCOM model were successfully simulated typical features of local scour around piers such as downflow and wake vortex, but failed to simulate horseshoe vortex. Both computed numerical (FSUM and FVCOM) results are then compared with measured experimental data for its magnitude and time-series of maximum scour depth. FVCOM result shows value 0.99 r-squared correlation and 5.96 percent average error, and FSUM result shows value 0.98 r-squared correlation and 6.82 percent average error. Therefore, it can be deduced that FVCOM successfully predict local scour depth and its time-series and proven that FVCOM is more accurate than FSUM model.

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27

Moreno, Mario, Olga Birjukova, Carmelo Grimaldi, Roberto Gaudio, and António H. Cardoso. "Experimental study on local scouring at pile-supported piers." Acta Geophysica 65, no. 3 (May 18, 2017): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-017-0046-5.

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Comiti, Francesco, Andrea Andreoli, and Mario A. Lenzi. "Morphological effects of local scouring in step–pool streams." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30, no. 12 (2005): 1567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1217.

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Wisafri. "Gerusan Lokal yang Terjadi di Hilir Bendung dan Upaya Pengendaliannya." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.9.2.74.

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Majarity of damages on the dam construction in Indonesia is caused by continuous local scouring at the end side of the dam construction. It grows and reach its lower/bottorm part. It could results in degradation in the dam operation safety. This local scouring was caused by major water flowing passing the dam where there is a high difference level between the top and the end of the dam. Furthermore, it generates inbalancing water flow speed and additional water turbulence. There are different approachs to prevent such damage, and for example by providing one or more additional construction at the end part of the dam. This structure is designed and installed at the bottom part of the dam. Various empirical functions have been developed to design this structure, and one of them is developed by Lacey. The function is reprsented by D = 0.47 * (Q/F)1/2 (D= scouring depth, Q= Discharge, F= the size of the sand particle). However, that function has some limitation. For examples are the local river and dam construction characteristics. Therefore, it is required to be validated by developing a model of dam contructed in a laboratory. Experiments was undertaken by using the model with different characteristics of water flow in order to investigate the scouring pattern, and than method prefentif work

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30

Ning, Jian, Guodong Li, and Shanshan Li. "Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Spur Dikes Spacing on Local Scour and Flow." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112306.

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The spacing of spur dikes is an important consideration for the layout of spur dike channels. This study focuses on the local scour morphology and flow field characteristics of spur dikes with different spacings. The results show that the maximum scour depth is generally found in the vicinity of the first spur dike head. With the increase of the spacing of spur dikes, the shielding effect of the first spur dike is weakened. The maximum velocity in the main flow zone is twice that of the approach flow velocity in the fixed bed. But it is approximately the same as the incoming velocity in equilibrium scouring. The maximum turbulent energy appears to be mainly located in the backflow area of the fourth spur dike in the fixed bed, while the maximum value appears at the second spur dike head in the movable bed. Further, the shear stress decreases as scouring develops. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between scour depth and shear stress. The analysis results are significantly correlated, indicating that the bed shear stress plays a prominent role in the scouring process. These discoveries can serve as a guide to determine the most reasonable spacing of spur dikes.

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31

Nodoushan, Ehsan Jafari, та Ahmad Shakibaeinia. "Multiphase mesh-free particle modeling of local sediment scouring with μ(I) rheology". Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, № 2 (4 грудня 2018): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.068.

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Abstract Sediment scouring is a common example of highly dynamic sediment transport. Considering its complexities, the accurate prediction of such a highly dynamic multiphase granular flow system is a challenge for the traditional numerical techniques that rely on a mesh system. The mesh-free particle methods are a newer generation of numerical techniques with an inherent ability to deal with the deformations and fragmentations of a multiphase continuum. This study aims at developing and evaluating a multiphase mesh-free particle model based on the weakly compressible moving particle semi-implicit (WC-MPS) formulation for simulation of sediment scouring. The sediment material is considered as a non-Newtonian viscoplastic fluid, whose behavior is predicted using a regularized μ(I) rheological model in combination with pressure-dependent yield criteria. The model is first validated for a benchmark problem of viscoplastic Poiseuille flow. It is then applied and evaluated for the study of two classical sediment scouring cases. The results show that the high-velocity flow currents and the circulations can create a low-viscosity region on the surface of the sediment continuum. Comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurements shows a good accuracy in prediction of the sediment profile, especially the shape and dimensions of the scour hole.

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32

Kawata, Yoshiaki, and Yoshito Ysuchiya. "LOCAL SCOUR AROUND CYLINDRICAL PILES DUE TO WAVES AND CURRENTS COMBINED." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.97.

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Local scour depth around a pile due to waves only is small, but under waves and weak currents combined it became large. If the flow velocity increases, the maximum scour depth increases and may approach to that by running water. In the processes of the scouring, Karman vortex play an important role in deciding characteristics of a scour hole. In the case of the horseshoe vortex predominant, the maximum scour depth is found at the upstream end of a pile, but in the coupled field of waves and currents, the initial scouring position is a little apart from a pile in the offshore side and make an angle of about 45 degree in the shoreward direction. This depends on a vortex shedding from a pile. By using light weight aggregate, the effect of ripples on local scour depth is made clear.

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33

Qi, Jing Jing, Shao Yan You, and Zhi Qing Yin. "Study on the Interaction between Offshore Constructions and Marine Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2347.

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The appearance of the offshore constructions will affect the hydrodynamic environment greatly. The direct effect is the change of hydrodynamic environment, which will affect the silt migration path and cause local scour. So a local refined calculation model of tidal distribution is developed in this paper to study the tidal current distribution and sediment scouring and deposition around the offshore constructions. Then an artificial island at Shengli Oil filed is taken for example. The developed model above is adopted to simulate the tidal distribution and local scouring change before and after the construction of the artificial island. The results of calculation show that excessive flow velocity appears near the construction, which cause sever local scour. And the calculation results can also provide technical support for the safety evaluation of the offshore constructions.

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34

Tominaga, Akihiro, Naohiko Sassa, Yuji Hara, and Yuka Kuno. "THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW STRUCTURES AROUND A DEEP SCOUR HOLE." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003015.

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The existence of a planform vortex is considered to be the cause of development and sustention of large-scale local scouring in the Kiso River. In order to make clear the 3D flow structures in this deep local scour, we conducted a field observation and model experiments. From the result of ADCP set on the bottom of the scour hole, the velocity in the hole was increasing and the vertical vortex was developing, with an increase of river discharge. It is indicated that considerable magnitude of velocity was generated even near the bottom by the action of vertical vortex. This vortex was recognized in the model experiments. Consequently, the vertical vortex contributes to develop and maintain the large-scale local scouring.

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35

Abbas, Fakhar Muhammad, Usman Ali Naeem, Usman Ghani, Amina Khan, and Talat Farid Ahmad. "Experimental Study of Inclined Bridge Pier Scouring." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.18.

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The bridges are one of important structures in any country. The failure of bridges occurs due to many factors including design flaws and manufacturing construction errors. Among all imperfections scouring around the pier is the most detrimental. So, the estimation of local scouring around a bridge pier is of fundamental importance for the safe design of bridges. Although numerous researches have been done on local scouring around a single bridge pier. The present study investigates the effect of angle of inclination of dual bridge pier configuration on local scouring around bridge piers. Principally rectangular shaped dual bridge piers were installed in sand bed of laboratory flume at angle of inclination of 0°,7°,12°,15° and 19° with vertical respectively. Three different flow rates 9, 14 and 18L/sec were considered during each trial. The duration of each trial was kept around 2 hours. The scour depth was measured separately around both piers with the help of point gauge under clear water condition. The value of scour depth around upstream pier was larger as compared to downstream pier because of the lower strength of horseshoe vortices around downstream pier. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the angle of inclination and scour depth, an increase in the angle of inclination leads to decrease in scour depth around both piers. The value of scour depth was maximum when piers were at 0° and minimum at 19°. It was also found that scour depth increases with the increase in flow rate.

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36

Akib, Shatirah, Noor Liana Mamat, Hossein Basser, and Afshin Jahangirzadeh. "Reducing Local Scouring at Bridge Piles Using Collars and Geobags." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/128635.

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The present study examines the use of collars and geobags for reducing local scour around bridge piles. The efficiency of collars and geobags was studied experimentally. The data from the experiments were compared with data from earlier studies on the use of single piles with a collar and with a geobag. The results showed that using a combination of a steel collar and a geobag yields the most significant scour reduction for the front and rear piles, respectively. Moreover, the independent steel collar showed better efficiency than the independent geobag below the sediment level around the bridge piles.

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37

Wang, Hao, Hongwu Tang, Quanshuai Liu, and Yao Wang. "Local Scouring around Twin Bridge Piers in Open-Channel Flows." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 142, no. 9 (September 2016): 06016008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001154.

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38

Jia, Yafei, Mustafa Altinakar, and M. Sukru Guney. "Three-dimensional numerical simulations of local scouring around bridge piers." Journal of Hydraulic Research 56, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2017.1356389.

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39

Yang, Lin. "Mechanism and Protective Measures of Local Scouring of Bridge Piers." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 2, no. 10 (October 24, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v2i10.2553.

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With the rapid development of China's bridge cause, more and more Bridges are being built across the country, and the protection of bridge piers has become more and more important. Based on the local erosion mechanism of bridge pier, this paper summarizes and analyzes the influencing factors of local erosion and the evolution process of erosion pit, and puts forward a series of protective measures. Finally, we put forward suggestions on the future development direction for the shortcomings of the existing research.

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40

Shahsavari, Hamed, Manouchehr Heidarpour, and Mohammad Mohammadalizadeh. "Simultaneous Effect of Collar and Roughness on Reducing and Controlling the Local Scour around Bridge Abutment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 2 (2017): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765020491.

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Investigation of local scour around hydraulic structures particularly bridges is of crucial importance in river engineering. Bridge destruction mostly occurs as a result of scour phenomenon around piers and abutments, not because of structural weaknesses. Hence, finding a solution to reduce scour depth is momentous. In this study which was conducted in the conditions of clear water scour, the effect of local roughness and collar and also impact of using them simultaneously around bridge abutment were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the existence of roughness causes a reduction in the severity of scouring process and its final depth and the use of collar leads to a delay in the scouring process in addition to the ultimate reduction in the scour depth, which in case of using them simultaneously, scour depth decreases by about 83%.

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41

Török, Gergely, Sándor Baranya, and Nils Rüther. "3D CFD Modeling of Local Scouring, Bed Armoring and Sediment Deposition." Water 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9010056.

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42

SASSA, Naohiko, and Akihiro TOMINAGA. "ANALYSIS OF LOCAL SCOURING MECHANISM OF KISO RIVER AND ITS COUNTERMEASURE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 76, no. 2 (2020): I_1045—I_1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.76.2_i_1045.

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43

ZHANG, Hao, Hajime NAKAGAWA, Taisuke ISHIGAKI, and Yasunori MUTO. "PREDICTION OF 3D FLOW FIELD AND LOCAL SCOURING AROUND SPUR DYKES." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 49 (2005): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.49.1003.

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44

Sulianto, Akhmad Adi, and Keisuke Murakami. "Study on Local Scouring of Gravel Mound due to Tsunami Overflow." Procedia Engineering 116 (2015): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.282.

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45

Mohammed, Thamer Ahmed, Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor, Abdul Halim Ghazali, Badronnisa Yusuf, and Katayon Saed. "Physical Modeling of Local Scouring around Bridge Piers in Erodable Bed." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 19, no. 2 (2007): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1018-3639(18)30947-4.

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46

Wang, Hao, HongWu Tang, JiangFeng Xiao, Yao Wang, and Sheng Jiang. "Clear-water local scouring around three piers in a tandem arrangement." Science China Technological Sciences 59, no. 6 (April 1, 2016): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-015-5905-1.

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47

Lenzi, Mario A., Andrea Marion, Francesco Comiti, and Roberto Gaudio. "Local scouring in low and high gradient streams at bed sills." Journal of Hydraulic Research 40, no. 6 (November 2002): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221680209499919.

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48

Tian, Yun, Yong Wu, Hao Wang, Hongtao Li, Lindong He, and Hong Zhao. "A Theory of Slope Shear Scouring and the Failure Mechanism of PFC3D on a Gangue Slope." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085066.

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In this paper, scouring shear failure theory is optimized based on the gangue slope near the thermal power field in Baiguo Town, Panzhou City, Guizhou Province. Based on the particle flow PFC (particle flow code) 3D fluid–solid coupling method, the scouring failure mechanism of ditch no. 5 of the gangue slope is comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of the failure mode, displacement, motion track, and stress–strain. We consider the scouring shear theory in respect of (c, φ); this theory is dominated by two types of scouring intensity factors and can effectively explain the internal mechanisms of gully formation. The rainfall scouring failure of gangue slopes can be divided into four stages: (1) integral splash erosion and local pitting at the bottom of the slope; (2) erosion diversion and pitting in the slope; (3) the tributary–slope crest extension schist erosion stage; and (4) integral gully erosion and the landslide stage. The failure process is not only characterized by discontinuous failure but also occurs in the order of bottom–middle–branch–top. A three-section stepped effect is observed during the process in which the gangue is scoured and destroyed, which fully verifies the intermittent characteristics of the scouring and destruction of gangue slopes. During the whole process, the maximum displacement is concentrated at the top of the slope, and its proportions are as follows: top of the slope > tributary > middle of the slope > foot of the slope. The peak displacement of the slope crest in the horizontal Y-direction accounts for 41.76%, and that in the Z-direction accounts for 45.84%. Scouring deposits can be divided into the arc erosion deposit mode and the sector erosion deposit mode. Mainstream gullies primarily control whether deposits are characterized as arc or straight erosion deposits. The later stage of the second phase of scouring is the incubation period of the tributary gully. The large accumulation makes the stress at the bottom of the slope increase sharply, and the fluctuation value is between 2 and 6.8 MPa. The generation of the branch notch is mainly determined by X-direction stress, and 8.6 MPa is the critical stress. In efforts to prevent and control rainfall and landslide, the slope foot area should be preferentially protected, and the soil mass in the slope should be reduced to prevent the maximum energy fluctuation caused by scouring, so as to prevent significant displacement damage of the slope top.

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49

Bozkus, Zafer, and Murat Çeşme. "Reduction of scouring depth by using inclined piers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 12 (December 2010): 1621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-099.

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The aim of this experimental study is to examine the effect of inclination of dual bridge piers on scour depth under clear-water conditions for various uniform flow depths. Duration of 4 h was used in the experiments for each run. Scour depths were measured at four different points around the piers. The depths of local scour around inclined piers were found to be substantially smaller than the scour depths around vertical piers. Dimensional and nondimensional curves were developed and presented to show the variation of scour depth with relevant parameters obtained in the dimensional analysis. Results of the study were compared to those obtained from a similar study performed with single inclined piers to see the effect of the second pier on scour depths. Useful equations for the design engineers were developed based on multiple regression analyses, to be used for predicting local scour depths around vertical and (or) inclined piers in uniform and (or) nonuniform sediments. Normalized scour depths measured around the vertical piers in the present study were compared with those computed by an equation suggested by Melville and Sutherland (1988), and also by an equation developed in the present study.

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50

Xu, Hua, Yangfan Li, Zeya Zhao, Xiaojun Wang, and Fanyi Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Local Scour of Submerged Spur Dike Heads under the Protection of Soft Mattress in Plain Sand-Bed Rivers." Water 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030413.

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Submerged spur dikes are widely applied in the channel regulation structures of plain sand-bed rivers such as the lower reaches of the Yangtze River; thus, the issue of local scour protection near regulating structures is especially important for structure design engineering. To further scientific research on the local scour of submerged spur dike heads, we investigated rulers describing the variance of the incoming flow dynamic, scale of the spur dike body, width of river bottom protection, etc., responding to the maximum local scouring depth of a submerged spur dike and the distance between the submerged spur dike and dam axis under the conditions of river bottom protection. According to principles of dimensional analysis, we established computational formulas for the maximum local scouring depth of a submerged spur dike and the distance between the submerged spur dike and dam axis, with consideration of bottom protection works for the remaining soft mattress. These research results not only enrich existing research on the calculation of local scour of channel-regulating structures, but they are also a relevant technical reference for the design of water conservancy and waterway engineering.

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