Дисертації з теми "Local projects"
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1
Nyatela, Mzukisi Eric. "Poverty alleviation projects in Amahlathi local municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Poverty is the burden of South African people and is the result of the laws of the apartheid system. Poverty affects millions of people most of which live in the rural areas. Thus poverty alleviation is one of the priorities of the government. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) is one of the policy documents that aimed to build a democratic government. The RDP document (in African National Congress, 1994:4) stated that poverty alleviation or attacking poverty was the priority of the government from the beginning of democracy and that it is the same case today with the poverty alleviation projects by the Department of Social Development (DoSD):- “But an election victory is only a first step. No political democracy can survive and flourish if the mass of our people remain in poverty, without land, without tangible prospects for a better life. Attacking poverty and deprivation must therefore be the first priority of a democratic government”. Therefore the statement above echoed the sentiments of the newly elected democratic government of 1994. The aim was to provide houses for all specifically the disadvantaged people, to provide water and sanitation for all, to provide electricity, maintenance of roads, improvement of health facilities, job creation, improvement of skills, improvement of income and many more. These privileges were not enjoyed by all during the apartheid era specifically the black masses. The above promises are not all fulfilled but the government is busy providing programmes through different departments. For an example this research report is about poverty alleviation projects that are being provided by the DoSD. This section of the study attempts to provide an overview of the study, including the rationale and background of the study as well as the study area and its challenges. Included in this overview is the context of the study, the research problem, the research question, the research purpose, and the research objectives.
2
Dool, Leon van den. "Local learning : the role of African local public organisations in development projects /." Delft : Eburon, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2004365468.html.
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3
Mamotho, Mpho Benett. "Sustainable rural development projects in Ficksburg Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study aimed to evaluation of a Rural Development project in this case the (Kabelo Trust), by evaluating the factors that contributes to its sustainability even though 70% of the members did not undergo high school education. Qualitative research methods was employed in gathering accurate information from the project members about the strategies that they are employing in sustaining the project while many government funded project does not last for even a year. The involvement of the stakeholders like Setsoto Local Municipality, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, the role they played in the project was also explored. It was therefore suggested by the researcher that the main stakeholder which is the Department of Agriculture should assist the project in establishing market for products in other countries.
4
Edlund, Marcus, and Daniel Eriksson. "Potential for – and benefits from – local content in Swedish wind power projects." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction of wind power is strongly associated with negative local externalities in terms of noise, shadows, visual impact and effects on local environment. To compensate for these negative effects, wind developers seek to find methods to create more local value. The purpose of this study has thus been to identify and evaluate potential methods to increase the local value creation from onshore wind power projects, mainly in the Swedish context. Firstly, from the literature review and interviews, four different approaches to create local value has been identified. The four identified methods to create local value are (1) community funds, (2) local ownership, (3) modernization and (4) local content. Of these identified methods, local content is deemed to have most potential in creating local value. The use of local content has generally been strong in the UK, why this study comprises a field study that reveal that British wind developers manage to appoint up to 20-30 % of the total capital expenditure to local companies. Compared to Sweden, the same number is as little asone percent. The explanation to this significant difference could be explained by “three I:s”,, namely, (1) Identification of local companies, (2) Information of opportunities and requirements and (3) Incentive creation for the main contractors. For Swedish developers to overcome the problems associated with the three I:s, the study presents seven activities that are possible to implement directly into the development process of wind power. Together these activities create a comprehensive way of enhancing the possibility for local companies to be involved in the construction phase, and by doing so, increasing the local value creation.
5
Boqwana, Nyameka Patience. "Local economic development projects in the Amathole District Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The global economy has been reeling from the continued effects of the economic crisis since 2007. A range of approaches to economic recovery have been followed, ranging from financial bailout during the 2007/08 financial crisis, to austerity measures in the most recent 2011/12 sovereign debt crisis, but each with limited success. South Africa has similarly experienced significant shockwaves from the meltdown. The South African economy officially entered into recession in the second quarter of 2009. The economy was quick to emerge from economic recession by the first quarter of 2010, but has been on a bumpy path of recovery since. Moreover, economic recovery has been thwarted by the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the Euro. South Africa is characterised by inequitable growth and development, a high incidence of poverty, a relatively underdeveloped economic base, low levels of skills development and low levels of access to basic services and infrastructure. LED has had a difficult birth in South Africa with regards to accomplishing its objectives of job creation and poverty alleviation. In an attempt to address these problems, the Amathole District Municipality has implemented a number of local economic development projects within the area aimed at improving the wellbeing of communities through the creation of job opportunities and sustainable livelihoods. The study is intended to assist the municipality to identify and address challenges that affect the successful implementation of LED projects. The following research aims to identify and assess the impacts that these projects have had on beneficiaries and the district as a whole. Furthermore the research aims to identify project successes as well as highlight shortcomings in order to enhance the economic impact of these projects in the future.
6
Hanisi, Knowell Mtutuzeli. "The role of local economic development funded projects in Stutterheim." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the of a role of local economic development (LED) project in the rural town of Stutterheim, with reference to Mgwali Cultural Village and Abenzi Woodhouse project in town. The main objective was to gain understanding as to whether these LED projects have contributed to the positive change in the socio-economic conditions of rural people in the area. The study also sorts to ascertain and understand at challenges the projects face and the role played by various government departments, and private sector organisations in supporting the projects. In depth case study was used in the study involved various data collection instruments, tools like interviews, questionnaire and observations. Findings suggest that if LED projects are properly managed and supported, they can play a vital role in poverty alleviation in rural areas. They can provide employment and can definitely improve socio-economic conditions.
7
Myer, Brent A. "Playing on the margins local musicians and their resistance projects /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5937.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 7, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
8
Collins, Beck. "Local projects for sustainable energy : exploring the nature of success." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exploring the Nature of Success in Local Projects for Sustainable Energy This research presents an understanding of the nature of success, and the problematic nature of local projects for sustainable energy. Sustainable energy is a critical issue in the UK to alleviate climate change, energy insecurity and energy poverty. Literature is reviewed from three different disciplines; socio-technical systems, behaviour change, and elements of planning literature including governance, communities and sustainability. The review demonstrates that success for such projects is difficult to achieve because energy is provided through an embedded sociotechnical system which being inert is resistant to change; because energy behaviour is complex and hard to alter, and because local projects are difficult to implement. Two Birmingham projects were used as longitudinal case studies; one led by the local authority and one by a voluntary community group representing different approaches to sustainable energy. In both projects, energy efficiency and/or microgeneration technologies were installed and were followed over a period of 18-20 months. Monthly board meetings were attended, documents were studied and 62 interviews were carried out with the beneficiaries of the projects and the project organisers, at two points in time. The nature of success in both projects was explored, as meanings and priorities ebbed and flowed over the course of their lifetimes. In both projects many causative beliefs were found which defined the problems that each project was trying to solve, the solutions to those problems, and hence the nature of success. This needs to be understood at many levels; at the level of the individual, the level of the group delivering the projects, and at the level of society, or the social system. Failure at one level or in one aspect of the problem does not preclude success at another level or in another aspect. Success can include the achievement of behaviour change, system change or the installation of appropriate technologies, and the achievement of the delivery of locally acceptable projects. However success also includes the resolution of particular local issues, which colour local projects for sustainable energy. Thus, ‘success’ means many things on many levels, as the problem faced by local projects for sustainable energy is multi-faceted, multi-level, complex and holistic, and because these meanings change and become more or less salient during the life of a project. Those projects which can explicitly promote and manage these different successes have more chance of being viewed positively. The current literature does not address these issues, and hence does not fully represent how these projects progress and are portrayed. This is essential if local projects are to be built upon, to create a sustainable energy future.
9
Dunga, Sipokazi. "The implementation of local economic development projects in Amathole District Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study investigated the problems and challenges facing the Amathole District Municipality when implementing Local Economic Development (LED) projects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting this implementation. The other major challenge is the number of different institutions and agencies that are involved in LED. Consequently, the desired results cannot be achieved, thus the communities continue to live in poverty, the local economy cannot improve and there will be a high rate of unemployment. In order to address the research problem and to achieve the research objectives, available literature on Local Economic Development was reviewed. Empirical data was also collected making use of face-to-face interviews. The research revealed that the implementation of LED projects has not been entirely effective, mainly caused by the lack of capacity within the municipality to fully provide support in the implementation of LED projects; limited funding; shortage of personnel; political and administrative instability; problems regarding to social facilitation; and LED not being prioritised by the municipality and also seen as an unfunded mandate. From the investigation, the findings indicate that the effective implementation of these projects require strengthened capacity which needs more funding, more skilled personnel to drive the process, de-politicised development and the municipality to prioritise high impact projects that yield sustainability as opposed to smaller projects that unsustainable.
10
Kes, Aysu. "Local Dynamics In The Process Of Conservation And Restoration Projects In Kastamonu." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606943/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT
LOCAL DYNAMICS IN THE PROCESS OF CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION PROJECTS IN KASTAMONU
Aysu Kes
M.Sc., Urban Policy Planning and Local Governments
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycioglu
January 2006, 102 pages
The aim of this thesis is to understand the local participation dynamics in Turkey, especially in the cities with small populations. The conservation and restoration projects in Kastamonu were chosen as the case in order to achieve this aim. These projects include the restoration and reuse of historical/traditional houses in Turkey. The research was focused on the stakeholders in relation to these projects in order to be able to examine the social processes with regard to the local participation in Kastamonu.
The major data collection method of this research was interviews with three groups of stakeholders. These stakeholders were the decision- makers, the owners of the houses, and the local people. For the research, 41 interviews were conducted in November 2004 in Kastamonu. The interviews included questions with regard to perceptions of the respondents about the issues of participation and decision- making dynamics, as well as the conception of sense of place, through the conservation and restoration processes. All these interviews were recorded and transcribed for discourse analysis.
There are three major findings of this thesis. Firstly, the stakeholders do not have a consistent perception of what participation is. This leads to the second finding that the level of interaction and the level of participation are low among the stakeholders. Thirdly, the conservation and restoration projects in Kastamonu are perceived as economic investments by the vast majority of people. The heritage and cultural value of the houses are less frequently referred to.
11
Gupta, Manu. "Community Based Disaster Management: Enhancing local coping capacities by externally supported projects." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123776.
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12
Sirolli, Ernesto. "Local enterprise facilitation." Thesis, Sirolli, Ernesto (2004) Local enterprise facilitation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/315/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a rapidly globalizing economy, many communities are stranded in unemployment or work without meaning. This thesis asks the question: can local communities create economic development with fulfilling work? The experience of the author in African development projects is used to pose questions about modernist approaches to development. The alternative approaches to work and human development by Fritz Schumacher, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are melded with the political insight of Robert Putnam, to suggest that the answer to the above question can be positive. Their theories are distilled into an approach called Local Enterprise Facilitation, which is based on four principles:
1. Only work with individuals or communities that invite you.
2. Do not motivate individuals to do anything they do not wish to do.
3. Trust that they are naturally drawn towards self-improvement.
4. Have faith in community and the higher social needs that bond it together.
The author's experience of twenty years in applying and developing this approach is traced from its origins in rural Western Australia, through other parts of Australia and New Zealand to its extensive application in North America. The experience has created a methodology for successful Local Enterprise Facilitation based around a community Board that can provide the necessary support for networks for new enterprises. In particular the methodology uses a 'Trinity of Management' approach whereby the separate skills of production/enterprise, financial accounting and marketing are facilitated as no individual can do more than one of these skills successfully.
The Local Enterprise Facilitation philosophy has many implications and some of these are suggested in terms of planning, education, bureaucracy, and conservation. Whilst an evaluation of the businesses created can only be done in the long term, Local Enterprise Facilitation has opened up some hope for communities seeking to create good work.
13
Sirolli, Ernesto. "Local Enterprise Facilitation." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040820.143953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a rapidly globalizing economy, many communities are stranded in unemployment or work without meaning. This thesis asks the question: can local communities create economic development with fulfilling work? The experience of the author in African development projects is used to pose questions about modernist approaches to development. The alternative approaches to work and human development by Fritz Schumacher, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are melded with the political insight of Robert Putnam, to suggest that the answer to the above question can be positive. Their theories are distilled into an approach called Local Enterprise Facilitation, which is based on four principles:
1. Only work with individuals or communities that invite you.
2. Do not motivate individuals to do anything they do not wish to do.
3. Trust that they are naturally drawn towards self-improvement.
4. Have faith in community and the higher social needs that bond it together.
The authors experience of twenty years in applying and developing this approach is traced from its origins in rural Western Australia, through other parts of Australia and New Zealand to its extensive application in North America. The experience has created a methodology for successful Local Enterprise Facilitation based around a community Board that can provide the necessary support for networks for new enterprises. In particular the methodology uses a Trinity of Management approach whereby the separate skills of production/enterprise, financial accounting and marketing are facilitated as no individual can do more than one of these skills successfully.
The Local Enterprise Facilitation philosophy has many implications and some of these are suggested in terms of planning, education, bureaucracy, and conservation. Whilst an evaluation of the businesses created can only be done in the long term, Local Enterprise Facilitation has opened up some hope for communities seeking to create good work.
14
Mniki, Sicelo. "An assessment of the impact of Local Economic Development in Mbhashe Local Municipality with special focus on agricultural projects." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need to achieve developmental local government in South Africa has necessitated that the municipalities and other government departments pay more attention to the poor so that they can be helped to live more fruitful lives and become the instruments for the growth of local economy. This study seeks to assess the impact of Local Economic Development (LED) initiatives in Mbhashe Local Municipality with special focus on the Maize Production Project (MPP). The areas of Mbhashe municipality that were included in the study include Ndakeni village near Dutywa, Tswele-litye near Willowvale and Madwaleni near Elliotdale. The study followed both the qualitative and quantitative research approaches and the respondents were made up of a sample of MPP beneficiaries from the three areas mentioned above, Community Leaders and the Officials. The objectives of the study were to identify MPP objectives, to identify challenges in the implementation of the MPP, to assess the availability of remedial measures and lastly, to assess whether the community has benefited from the maize production project or not. Among others, the objectives of the MPP were to maximise maize production, to make profit, to create employment opportunities for the unemployed. Only 13 percent of the surveyed beneficiaries believe that their expectations of this initiative were fully met. The majority (two thirds) believe that their expectations were partly met, whilst one in five (20 percent) believe that their expectations were not met at all. The MPP implementation challenges included delays caused by the municipal procurement processes, unfavourable climate conditions, poor service delivery by the appointed service providers who provide tractors, shortage of funds and late start for ploughing. Even though the remedial measures seem to be in place, the implementation and the communication of the strategies remains a big challenge. Furthermore a proportion of the respondents were unhappy with the public participation process that preceded the implementation of the project.According to the findings, two thirds (67 percent) of the surveyed farmers believe that their communities have benefited from the MPP, although one third (33 percent) disagreed. The challenges of an insufficient budget, procurement delays and late commencement of ploughing need to be addressed if the maize production initiative is to yield the desired results.
15
Nemanashi, Fhatuwani Rolet. "An evaluation of local economic development projects in the Mutale Municipality in the Limpopo Province with reference to the case of MTT and RCP stone crushing projects." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/844.
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16
Rali, Jongikhaya. "Agriculture as a contributor to local economic development (LED) in Nkonkobe Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Africa while being underdeveloped in terms of industry and infrastructure has much rural land and therefore has significant potential to provide global food security. This study investigates agriculture as a contributor to economic development of Nkonkobe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. While the potential of agriculture, in Nkonkobe Local Municipality is high, this sector has not been fully developed to the benefit of the community and the municipality at large. The results of this study have pointed out that the Eastern Cape, Nkonkobe Local Municipality in particular is where communal farming is practiced on the largest scale and where further growth can take place. This study is informed by the goals of reconstruction and development, as expressed in the Government’s Reconstruction and Development Programme (1995) tabled to meet the basic needs of the people, develop its human resources and to build the local economy. This study aims to transform Nkonkobe Local Municipality into an economically developed area of Amathole District Municipality, by improving the area’s agricultural contribution to the Local Economic Development (LED) of the area. This study supports entrepreneurship and innovation, job creation, raising the quality of basic services to the poorest citizens of Nkonkobe Local Municipality, and increasing the distribution of agricultural land to small holders. This study promotes the development of agricultural sector, which will enable it to absorb more low skilled labour which will assist in poverty alleviation, and promote LED initiatives. This study also develops and promotes the sustainable contribution of agriculture to LED programmes, and improves the participation of local communities in these programmes. The study was conducted using qualitative research methodology. The findings of the study reveal that agricultural infrastructure in support of LED in Nkonkobe Local Municipality must be established and improved. Such infrastructure should include the reticulation of services, such as irrigation schemes, big dams, farming equipment, tractors, laboratories, cold storages and communication links. These services are currently inadequate in the area, and hamper development and progress that the area clearly has great potential to add in terms of global food security and poverty alleviation.
17
Manfredini, Cíntia. "Communitarian participation in projects of local development: a study in the Marins, Piquete/SP." Universidade de Taubaté, 2005. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assistiu-se, nas últimas décadas, a uma maior preocupação do homem com as questões ambientais, com a preservação do planeta e a garantia de continuidade da biodiversidade. Desenvolvimento Local e Participação constituem, hoje, conceitos centrais no debate público acerca do quadro de exclusão social que persiste, mesmo após décadas de políticas direcionadas ao combate da pobreza. Estes dois temas sintetizam o pressuposto de que o conceito de desenvolvimento é bem mais amplo que o de mero crescimento econômico, e envolve aspectos abrangentes de qualidade de vida do indivíduo, tais como inclusão social, proteção à diversidade cultural, uso racional de recursos naturais, etc. A preocupação particular com o tema, desenvolvimento sustentável, origina-se da vivência nos Marins, município de Piquete, e da observação e desencadeamento de sua história recente. Opta-se pela pesquisaação, nesta proposta, pois se tem papel ativo no equacionamento dos problemas encontrados, no acompanhamento e avaliação das ações realizadas em oficinas participativas com a comunidade. Propõe-se pesquisar os principais fatores que impedem o processo de participação comunitário no desenvolvimento local, tendo como base o processo participativo da comunidade. Assim pela metodologia adotada, foi possível classificar o problema participação da comunidade no processo de desenvolvimento local - em grupos e subgrupos de afinidades, hierarquizá-los consignando o grau de prioridade dado a cada um deles. Resultando-se em: políticas públicas, conhecimento (educação), qualificação, organização e integração. Na pesquisa ficou evidente que ações desenhadas para a promoção do desenvolvimento devem não apenas se dar de forma descentralizada, mas devem estar focadas, essencialmente, no local onde se dá à vida cotidiana concreta. Verificou-se ainda que a participação se torna mais sustentável, quando ela não se restringe a processos de consultas, ou uma participação pontual, mas se é um elemento constituinte do cotidiano. Torna-se fundamental a visão estratégica e a respectiva vontade pública de tornar as experiências pilotos em políticas públicas.It was attended, in the last decades, to a bigger care of the man with the environment questions, the planet preservation and the continuity of biodiversity. Local development and participation establish, today, central concepts in the public discussion concerning the picture of social exclusion that persists, the same, after decades of public politics to the combat of the poorness. These two concepts synthesize the presupposed of that the development concept is more extensive than the mere economic growth, and involves aspects of quality of life of the individual, such as social inclusion, protection to the cultural diversity, rational use of natural resources, etc. The particular concern with the subject, sustainable development, originates from the experience in the district of the Marins, city of Piquete, and the observation and the break out of its recent history. In this offer the researcher has active paper in the solution of the found problems, in the accompaniment and estimate of the actions; choose, therefore for the researchaction, carried through in workshops with the community. It is considered to search the essential factors that obstruct the communitarian process of articipation in the local development, having as base the process in the community. In this way for the adopted methodology, it was possible to classify the problem - participation of the community in the process of local development - in groups and sub-groups of affinities, to order them consigning the degree of priority given to each one of them. Resulting itself in: public politics, knowledge (education), qualification, organization and integration. In the research it was evident that actions drawn for the promotion of the development must not only be given of decentralized form, but must be concentrated, essentially, in the "place" where the concrete daily life happens. It still verified that the participation if becomes more sustainable, when does not restrict the processes of consultations, or an accidental participation, but if is a constituent element of the daily one. One becomes basic the strategically vision and the respective will of the government to become the experiences pilots in public politics.
18
Caballero, Paz Sebastian. "Inclusion of local actors in Sustainable Development Projects : Evaluation of co-management in Sustainable development projects based in the Bolivian Amazonia." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sammanfattning En av utmaningarna för de projekt som arbetar med hållbar utveckling är att mäta och analysera nivån på lokalt deltagande. Lokalt deltagande betraktas som en nyckelaspekt för att genomföra långsiktiga processer som kan bidra till bevarande av ekosystem och även förbättra förhållandena för lokala aktörer. Avhandlingen syftar till att bedöma två fallstudier i bolivianska Amazonas enligt principerna av co- management/samverkan. Syftet är att uppnå följande huvudmål: - Granska litteratur om management för samverkan av hållbara utvecklingsprojekt. -Utveckla en kvalitativ ram för att bedöma intryck och resultat av projekt. -Utvärdera två befintliga projekt enligt den etablerade ramen. Denna avhandling analyserar arbetet som en icke-statlig organisation (NGO) genomför i två olika samhällen i bolivianska Amazonas, i projekt relaterade till hållbar utveckling och bevarande. Ett av samhällena är urfolket Tacana, som ligger i regionen La Paz; den andra betraktas vara en multietnisk befolkningsgrupp som formellt är etablerad i en region som heter Santa Rosa del Abuna i regionen Pando. Trots att dessa två grupper uppvisar kulturella och organisatoriska skillnader arbetar de både med skörd av råvaror från skogen, dock ej skogs och trädavverkning. Råvarorna representerar de viktigaste ekonomiska intäkterna för dessa samhällen. För att kunna utvärdera projekten, har besök till samhällen genomförts. Intervjuer och deltagarobservation har utförts för att studera relationerna mellan de olika aktörerna som är involverade i projekten. Flera intervjuer genomfördes också med medarbetare från NGOs på deras kontor i La Paz och Cobija. För att förbereda utvärderingsprocessen har olika teorier använts för att skapa specifika kriterier för att utvärdera framgångsnivån för medverkande processer i projekten. Co-management and co-generation of knowledge har bedömts vara verktyg som kan användas för att utveckla en ram som kan utvärdera lokalt deltagande i olika projekt. För att utveckla detta har sex kriterier använts för att analysera lokalt engagemang i projekten och hur detta deltagande kan förbättras i det långsiktiga perspektivet. Denna utvärdering kan bidra till att öka det lokala och aktiva deltagandet i projekten, men kan också hjälpa medlemmarna i externa organisationer (i detta fall frivilligorganisationer) att förstå den relevans som lokalt engagemang och lokal kunskap kan ha för projekten. Tanken är att olika aktörer / organisationer kan använda denna typ av utvärdering för att hitta möjliga svagheter vid genomförandet av projekt relaterade till hållbar utveckling.Abstract One of the challenges for projects that work on sustainable development is to measure and analyse the level of local participation. Local participation is considered a key aspect in order to implement long term processes that can contribute to conservation of ecosystems and also improve the living conditions of local actors. The aim of this thesis is to assess two case studies ongoing in the Bolivian Amazon according to co-management principles. This aim raises the following core objectives: -Review literature on co-management for sustainable development projects. -Develop a qualitative framework to assess the perceptions and performance of projects. -Assess two existing projects according to the established framework. This thesis analyses the work that a non-governmental organization (NGO) does in two different communities in the Bolivian Amazonia in projects related to sustainable development and conservation. One is an indigenous group called Tacana located in the department of La Paz; the other is considered a multy-ethnic population that is formally established in a region called Santa Rosa del Abuna in the department of Pando. Even though these two groups show cultural and organizational differences both work on the harvesting of non-timber forest recourses. The recollection of the products that come from the forest represents the main economical income for these populations. To evaluate the projects, visits to the communities where done in order to make interviews, participant observation and to see the relations between the different actors involved in the projects. Several interviews were also done with the members of the NGO in their offices in La Paz and Cobija. To prepare this evaluation process, different theories have been used in order to create specific criteria to evaluate the level of success of co-participation processes into the projects. Co-management and Co-generation of knowledge have been seen as interesting tools that can be used to develop a framework that can evaluate the local participation in different projects. To develop this, six criteria have been used to analyse the local participation on the projects and how this participation can be improved in the long-term perspective. This evaluation can help to increase the local and active participation into the projects but also can help the members of external organizations (in this case the NGO) to understand the relevance that local participation and local knowledge can have for the projects. The idea is that this kind of evaluation can be used by different actors/organizations in order to find possible weaknesses during the implementation of projects related to sustainable development.
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Cassidy, James Michael. "Membership of the church with special reference to local ecumenical projects in England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501999.
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Knowles, Lynsey. "The role of communities in environmental sustainability projects :the need for local action." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.This study explores how community participation contributes to the success of a local environmental sustainability project. In order to avoid approaching sustainability and community participation using the “silo approach,” I established an integrated framework of community participation and sustainability based on a review of relevant literature. I established assessment criteria and analysed the Green Living DC case study against these criteria in order to answer my primary and secondary research questions. As a case study, Green Living DC uses community participation to complete environmental sustainability projects. Primarily, I used the case study methods research to address theories in practice. I collected secondary quantitative data about the community demographics and local environmental quality. I collected qualitative data about local environmental sustainability projects though semi-structured individual interviews with members of Green Living DC. I put forth recommendations based on a synthesis of the research findings with the theoretical framework of sustainability and community participation. My research findings indicate that community participation should be a requirement of environmental sustainability projects. Although no two projects are exactly the same, optimum participation should be decided on within each project framework. Communities should define their own idea of “success,” suitable for their specific context. I also put forth recommendations for NGOs implementing environmental sustainability projects. Ultimately, NGOs can benefit and serve to bridge the gap between local government and citizens in implementing environmental sustainability projects.
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Mothapo, Lehlagare Jonathan. "The importance of strategic conceptualisation for sustainability of Local Economic Development (LED) Projects." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2000.
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Mashangwane, Maruping Ephraim. "The challenges faced by managers in managing community projects in Modimolle local Municipality of Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.DEV.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Recent changes in Modimolle Local Municipality have placed new external pressures and challenges on project managers change their ways of managing community projects in their sphere of operation. The above challenges had necessitated the researcher to investigate the challenges faced by managers in managing community projects in Modimolle Local Municipality of Limpopo Province. The management of community projects in Modimolle Local Municipality is fraught with challenges such as financial resources, lack of focus on economic development, improvement of livelihood, community participation, sustainability, delegation and also not adhering to Public Financial Management Act and Municipal Financial Management Act. To understand the total context of the challenges faced by managers in managing community projects, an in-depth study of this problem was done by means of relevant literature review, empirical study and variety of other suitable research techniques. Data was collected by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, from project managers who had an experience of community work in the area of the study. The studies have revealed that the management of community projects is not determined by one factor. It emerged that there are various factors that prohibit managers to manage community projects in their sphere of operation, hence the recommendations for improvement stated in chapter five.
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Zungu, Nomsa. "An impact assessment of the poverty alleviation projects: a case study of Thuthukani project in Dannhauser local municipality, Kwazulu Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of the policies and programmes to the reduction of poverty. In its quest to eradicate and alleviate poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. In efforts to fight poverty, the government has since 1994, implemented various programmes that are aimed at alleviating poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. The poverty alleviation programme is one of the strategies that was implemented by the government, as a means to eradicate poverty. At the community level, depending on the nature of the programme, efforts have been made to incorporate mechanisms which enable poor people to play an active role in deciding how the benefits from programmes are distributed. The study was based on the projects identified by the community of Amajuba district in Dannhauser area in KwaZulu Natal. The Dannhauser Municipality in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs have played a vital role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Thuthukani project in 2004. In an attempt to assess the impact of the poverty alleviation projects, this study investigated the role played by the Thuthukani project in local economic development of the Dannhauser community in the Dannhauser Municipality. Participants included the Thuthukani project members, and the extension officer from the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs. The study found that, indeed poverty alleviation projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards job creation and improvement of the socio-economic status of the local community.
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Hassouna, Khaled Mohamed. "The Role of Local Traditions in Participatory Planning for Successful Development Projects in Rural Egypt." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines participatory planning processes in rural Egypt, which was deemed successful by the local people. The purpose is to identify elements that caused these projects to be perceived successful. Using the normative participatory planning theory that is usually used in the West as a theoretical context, the research examined three successful development efforts in rural Egypt. Projectsâ publications and planning documents were reviewed to build a context for interviews. The projectsâ planners were interviewed for descriptions of their initial designs for the participatory planning processes employed. An opportunistic sampling technique was used to identify local participants who were interviewed for descriptions of their experiences in the planning processes.
The analysis suggests that the participatory planning processes implemented had the same stages as the normative planning process in the West. The thick description of the processes by the interviewees revealed subtle elements within the processes that governed the participantsâ evaluation.
Bedouin interviewees viewed consensus as the only valid mode of final agreement in indigenous peoplesâ decision-making processes. Bedouin participants were found to consider perceptions of time, and choice of space and language used in planning sessions to be extremely important, significantly impacting their evaluation of the process in which they took part. Long sessions that took place locally and were formatted in a traditional Bedouin manner were perceived more successful. Bedouin dialect and Bedouin hospitality employed during sessions also increased the perceived success of planning sessions. Such subtle Bedouin interpretation of elements of social environment guided their perceptions of the success or failure of the planning processes.
Government planning agencies and planners should integrate the indigenous peoplesâ traditional decision-making processes in their designs for participatory planning processes, when planning development projects. Also indigenous people should take responsibility to present their cultural methods to individuals and agencies involved in planning such development projects in their locale. This can lead to a change in the planning culture to engage in more organic, grassrootsâ processes. Community-based, organic-design processes will significantly increase the likelihood of achieving the full potential of a plan in the short and long term.Ph. D.
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Ngxiza, Sonwabile. "Governance, management and Implementation challenges of Local Economic Development (LED) in Khayelitsha." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1659_1307441323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development should not be viewed as just a project but must be understood as an overarching strategy with a thorough implementation plan and specific targets as well as review mechanisms. All different spheres of government, organs of civil society and business have a tremendous role to play in pursuit of sustainable economic growth and development. In Khayelitsha there are emerging trends of bulk infrastructure spending and community led partnership that seek to unlock the economic potential however this progress has thus far been limited to retail development with no productive industrial development.
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Kugonza, Sylvester. "Influence of formal and informal institutions on outsourcing of public construction projects in Uganda." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1045/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines how the process of outsourcing of public construction (OPC) projects is influenced by institutions and why. Extant literature focuses on explaining how outsourcing through competition improves efficiency with limited treatment of how institutions actually influence the OPC projects. The thesis develops an analytical framework for process-tracing that integrates institutional and social capital (SC) theories to examine what have hitherto been disparately employed to study their influence in policy reform implementation. By deploying this integrated framework, actors’ decision making in outsourcing process is analysed based on plural rationality at central (CG) and local government (LG) contexts. The thesis argues that actors in OPC simultaneously pursue material gains and SC investments while trying to minimise their transaction costs, in the process engaging in ‘forum shopping’ between formal and informal institutions. Depending on degree of social embeddedness, the process of outsourcing will incline to formality or informality. In the case of Uganda, findings indicate that the informal institutional regime dominates and no major difference in informal practices for both CG and LG levels exist although at CG level it may appear like formal institutions dominate in decision making. The thesis proposes that public policies should take cognisance of informal institutions as well as social structure in their design.
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Guzana, Andile. "An assessment of the role of agricultural projetcs in poverty alleviation at Ngqushwa Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study assessed the role of agricultural projects in poverty alleviation at Ngqushwa local municipality. These projects are very important for poverty alleviation and to fight the growing levels of unemployment in the Eastern Cape. Despite the advantages of these projects, there are challenges that impact negatively on the implementation of these projects such as conflict, lack of resources, market failure and these projects are too disconnected. Consequently, the projects do not achieve their intended objectives and there are high levels of dissatisfaction among project members. The study was conducted in two wards of Ngqushwa local municipality, and two projects were selected from each ward and ten members were selected from each project and the total number of a sample for the study was forty project members. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through questionnaires, document analysis and observations. The sampling method that was used to select respondents or participants was purposive. The findings of the study indicated that agricultural projects in this area did not bring about any significant reduction in poverty, and they did not bring about any significant economic development. The study also revealed that there was lack of community participation in matters pertaining to community development and lack of support by all relevant stakeholders which resulted in failure at the implementation phase. The researcher also discovered that the poverty alleviation approach was mainly focused on one type of project, other than looking at other avenues to ensure that those who do not have interest in food gardens are given alternative opportunities like cattle farming. In view of these findings, the study recognises a need for empowerment in terms of knowledge and skills, understanding and resource management of agricultural projects. The study thus recommended that community members should be actively involved in community development projects. Additionally, the study recommended for the establishment or formulation of new policies or amendments of the existing policies in order to boost agriculture in rural areas so as to be able to alleviate poverty effectively.
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Libala, Phumlani. "Local government food security strategies: the Qamata Irrigation Scheme." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many households in South Africa are exposed to extreme food insecurity that threatens their livelihoods. Authorities in the local sphere of government have employed food security strategies to curb the trail of food insecurity that prevails in many rural households. However, high levels of food insecurity in many households in across the country, especially those living in rural areas like Qamata Village, are noteworthy. Contributing factors to this problem are attributed to local government’s inability to successfully stimulate agricultural production in the face of climate change. The research aimed at assessing the impact of Qamata Irrigation Scheme intervention programmes or strategies in Qamata Village. It was discovered that livelihoods of many households in Qamata Village rely heavily on agricultural production to access food. Limited government support, poor planning and failure to invest on climate change adaptation strategies were identified as serious impediments in the implementation of food security strategies. Due to the enormity of the problem and extensive nature of local government, this study focussed on the Qamata Irrigation Scheme, in the Qamata Village within Chris Hani District Municipality. For the purposes of this study, qualitative research methods were used to gather an in-depth understanding and verification of the problem. Research tools used were mainly semi structured interviews and focus group discussions. Interviews were conducted with farmers in the Qamata Irrigation Scheme and focus group discussion were held with dry land farming households in the Qamata Village and representatives from the CHDM. Findings of the study revealed that the decline in agricultural production due to climate changes has not only fuelled food insecurity for dry land farming households but put these households in an economically disadvantaged position. This was a major concern for this research especially with agricultural production being identified as a livelihood strategy for many households in the Qamata Village.
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Tsai, Helen Jeng-Chyi. "Comprehensive permit process under the local initiatives program : the experiences of five development projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70217.
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Mbatha, Mfaniseni Wiseman. "The sustainability of agricultural projects in enhancing rural economic development in Msinga local municipality." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/2013.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2019.The South African government’s target was to ensure a significant growth in rural economies through appropriate prioritisation of the agricultural sector. This study analyses the sustainability of agricultural projects in enhancing rural economic development in Msinga Local Municipality. This study employed mixed methods approach with a convergent parallel design to analyse the sustainability of agricultural projects toward enhancing rural economic development. The participants of this study consisted of households (n=180), key informants (n=6) and focus groups (n=5). Data were collected through the use of document analysis, questionnaires, focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis and SPSS with descriptive statistics and cross tabulation were used to analyse and categorise the data in order to obtain the objectives of the study. The study found that there is high level of community participation in subsistence agricultural sector within the study area. However, subsistence agriculture has shown to be unsustainable due to low productivity caused by adverse climate change conditions. Some aspects of the results specified that MLM is mostly dominated by subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is facing challenges that puts its sustainability in jeopardy. While on the one hand subsistence farming sector does not allow farmers to sell their produce to the market. On the other hand, it usually serves as a source of ensuring food availability at a household level. The issue of climate change have a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural projects due to the inadequate rainfall and water scarcity for irrigation. The deficiency in infrastructural services has turned to be a constraint to small scale farmers in their quest to access the market. There is poor availability of transport facilities and market place where farmers can sell their produce. The results also showed that lack of skills, knowledge and information amongst farmers is a problem that destructively impacts on the ability of agriculture to contribute in improving rural economic development. It is recommended that the Department of Agriculture provides adequate training to assist rural small scale farmers in order to maintain the sustainability of agricultural projects. The study also recommends that both local municipality and Department of vii Agriculture should motivate subsistence farmers to engage in agricultural activities as corporations, so that these farmers cannot struggle in scouting financial resources. Lastly, further research should analyse challenges that constrain the transformation of rural subsistence farming sector to reach the level of small scale farming sector.
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Malovha, Shandukani Shedwin. "Contribution of community development projects towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013The research study investigated the contribution of community development projects towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality of Limpopo province. This research study seeks to investigate the factors that hinder community development projects from contributing positively towards the improvement of the lives of rural communities in the area of the study. This study is also concerned with the development of effective strategies that will enhance the capacity of community development project managers and change their perception and that of other stakeholders with regard to the implementation of community development projects. The literature review established the relationship between community development project and project management. In this regard, the study showed that community projects run by project managers with proper knowledge of and skills in project management impact positively on the improvement of the lives of the rural communities. In this study, a mixed research design approach was used in the investigation of the factors that hinder community projects to contribute positively towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used to collect data from the target population. The findings of the study suggest that most managers of the community development projects lack training in project management.They also revealed that there were inadequate resources; there is a lack of community participation in decision-making, and shortage of funds hampered the sustainability of community development projects. To conclude, it is expected that the recommendations of this research study will highlight the strategies that could be put in place to improve the management of community development projects in order to improve the livelihoods of people in the Thulamela Local Municipality.
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Uys, Cornelia Susanna. "Framework for evaluating information technology benefits in local communities." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Governments of the developing world, including South Africa, have a strong commitment and resolve to accelerate the rollout of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve developmental benefits in communities. Consequently both government and the private sector are delivering a number of interventions in South Africa based on Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). Hard evidence regarding the development benefits of ICT4D interventions is lacking and there is little agreement on measures to evaluate the benefits of such projects. One possible reason for this is that there are no established evaluation frameworks to assess the benefits. Frameworks used in ICT4D evaluation are investigated in this study to ascertain their usefulness to identify benefits of ICT4D initiatives. Sen’s Capability Approach defines development as freedom. An example of such development can be the process of providing opportunities through ICT and meaningful ways to use these opportunities to realise various benefits. Tangible benefits are simple to identify (e.g. number of people using the public access centre, or number of people finding employment). Intangible benefits include the real ‘wins’—capabilities garnered through access and meaningful use of ICT, leading to the recognition of new opportunities for the users of the public access centres. Sen’s Capability Approach is operationalised, demonstrating the inclusion of a person’s agency and conversion factors that inhibit or enhance utilisation of opportunities and choices in realising benefits. The SmartCape initiative is a 2002 ICT4D intervention established in the libraries of Cape Town, South Africa, and is used as a case in this research study. The libraries act as public access centres that provide free ICT and Internet access to library members in the community. Surveys completed by users of these centres provided useful quantitative data. A broad spectrum of qualitative data was gleaned from interviews and focus groups with users of the ICT centre at a recently established library and with focus groups from other centres in two underserved areas of Cape Town. Quantitative data analysis techniques applied to qualitative content data was used to investigate users’ diverse perceptions. An initial framework guided the analysis of data to identify the benefits realised by the users of the public access centre. Perceptions of a changed life, aspirations for a better life, and ‘hope’ emerged as intangible benefits. On the intangible side, the effect of keyboard proficiency, greater ease in finding information, and a preference for accessing the Internet at a public access centre emerged as having a significant effect on the hopefulness of PAC users. Two theme-groups were identified through using co- occurrences of themes and the statistical techniques of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The Benefits-framework, produced by this study, based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, represents the relationship between all the themes, includes emergent intangible benefits and can be used to identify the benefits of ICT4D interventions in public access centres. This study also produces empirical evidence of the developmental impact of the SmartCape ICT4D programme in Cape Town and thus provides evidence of its value.
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Bylund, Jonas R. "Planning, Projects, Practice : A Human Geography of the Stockholm Local Investment Programme in Hammarby Sjöstad." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Programmes and policies to support ecological sustainable development and the practice of implementation is a question of innovation rather than known and taken for granted procedure. This thesis argues a priori models concerning stability in the social sciences, and human geography especially, are less able to help us understand this practice and planning in such unstable situations. Problematic in common understandings of planning and policy implementation concerning sustainability are the dualisms between physical-social spaces and between rationality-contingency. The first dualism makes it hard to grasp the interaction between humans and nonhumans. The second dualism concerns the problem of how to capture change without resorting to reductionism and explanaining the evolving projects as either technically, economically, or culturally rational.
The scope of the thesis is to test resources from actor-network theory as a means of resolving these dualisms. The case is the Stockholm Local Investment Programme and the new district of Hammarby Sjöstad. The programme’s objective was to support the implemention of new technologies and systems, energy efficiency and reduced resource-use as well as eco-cycling measures. The case-study follows how the work with the programme unfolded and how administrators’ efforts to reach satisfactory results was approached. In doing this, the actors had to be far more creative than models of implementation and traditional technology diffusion seem to suggest. The recommendation is to take the instrumentalisation framing the plasticity of a project in planning seriously – as innovativeness is not a special but the general case. Hence, to broaden our tools and understanding of planning a human geography of planning projects is pertinent.
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Langa, Sithembiso. "The contribution of housing projects to local economic development: the case of Dunbar, Cator Manor." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how the provision of housing can influence Local Economic Development. This was done through a study of housing provision in Dunbar, Cato Manor in eThekwini Municipality. While welfare programmes lead to perpetual dependency on government, the study concludes that housing provision linked to Local Economic Development can empower people in an informal economy. This can inform future studies on how the improvement of service delivery can translate into the improvement of the people’s lives.
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Mashinya, Judith. "Participation and devolution in Zimbabwe's CAMPFIRE program findings from local projects in Mahenye and Nyaminyami /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Public Policy. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bylund, Jonas R. "Planning, projects, practice : a human geography of the Stockholm local investment programme in Hammarby Sjöstad /." Stockholm : Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1021.
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Bharucha, Zareen Pervez. "Local perceptions on the long-term impacts of watershed development projects, Parner Taluka, Maharashtra, India." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548587.
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Teichmann, Dorothee. "The role of public-private partnerships in local infrastructure : the case of carbon offset projects." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/8201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’investissement dans des infrastructures locales sobres en carbone est considéré comme une composante importante de la lutte contre le changement climatique. Les mécanismes de règlementation climatique (comme la compensation carbone) font supporter aux développeurs de projet les risques liés à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES): les risques opérationnels, technologiques ou liés au monitoring environnemental et aux mécanismes régulateurs. Nous montrons que l’efficacité environnementale et économique des projets dépend en grande partie des modalités de partage de ces risques entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans le projet. Sur un échantillon de projets de torchage des gaz d’enfouissement financés par le Mécanisme pour un Développement Propre, il est montré que la délégation de la fourniture de la technologie crée des risques supplémentaires. La délégation de l’élaboration de la documentation du projet selon les règles formelles de l’UNFCCC et la séparation de l’opération de la décharge et du projet MDP semblent être maîtrisables par la mise en place de mesures de partage de risquesInvestment in low carbon infrastructure is considered an important component of the fight against climate change. The mechanisms of climate regulation (such as carbon offsets) transfer to project developers the risks associated with reducing emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, i. E. Operational and technological risk, or risks associated with the environmental monitoring and the regulatory mechanism itself. The success of projects depends importantly on the risk sharing arrangements between the private and public partners. It is shown that the delegation of tasks between the partners can create risks that affect the environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of the project. For a sample of landfill gas flaring projects financed under the Clean Development Mechanism, it is shown that the outsourcing of the provision of technology creates additional risks. The outsourcing of the development of the official project documentation required by the UNFCCC and the separation of the operation of the landfill and the CDM project development appear to be manageable by risk sharing arrangements
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Cowgill, Kimberly Hodge. "Impacts of (un)civil discourse by organized groups on local governance in sustainable development projects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anecdotal evidence in the media and from personal conversations suggests that inflammatory rhetoric in the collaborative governance setting is increasing, especially during public meetings about sustainable development projects. Planners, mediators, facilitators, and government officials are facing a shutting down of public deliberation by "new activists" who are engaging in public forums in very emotional and uncompromising ways. This dissertation is a direct examination of actions by new activists. It includes two case studies in Roanoke, Virginia, as well as a broader look at the inflammatory rhetoric and disruptions in local public meetings now occurring across the country.Ph. D.
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McCaw, Caroline. "Identifying the Value of the Local Through Site-Specific Contemporary Art Projects in New Zealand." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research identifies a number of tensions arising from historic and contemporary experiences of living in New Zealand. It engages with creative methodologies that fall within contemporary site-specific and
socially engaged fields of artistic practice to investigate these tensions.
Through writing and participating in three art projects set in Dunedin, New Zealand as case studies, this thesis reflects on ways in which these projects contribute to understandings of a particular experience of the local. Each case has involved specific sites, narratives and mediated experiences. Through undertaking practice-based and practice-led research the thesis argues that these art practices are able to contribute to our understanding of the local through the connections they make between lands, landscapes, sociality and techno-sociality.
The research is predicated on an acceptance of what I have chosen to term a methodological ‘andness’: a neologism coined to highlight the connectivity between different types of information systems as they
operate ecologically and in co-location with landscapes, local cultures, the internet and mobile communication. Throughout the project, metaphors pertaining to land and sea and shore are used to identify and reflect andness as it is experienced when one lives on an unstable island where boundaries are porous and movement between systems is both inevitable and fecund.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Trainer, Sarah Simpson. "Local Interpretations of Global Trends: Body Concerns and Self-Projects Enacted by Young Emirati Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this dissertation, I use the ethnographic case study of the United Arab Emirates to illustrate a much larger phenomenon that involves young women worldwide in the throes of identity negotiation at a time of accelerated global flows of information, foods, fashion, media images, fashions, health information, and health and self-enhancement products. My research utilizes ethnographic and anthropometric information as a means of investigating the ways in which these global flows are affecting the physical bodies, attitudes, behaviors, perceptions of self, and perceptions of community in a sample of young, female, Emiratis living in the UAE in the Arab Gulf in the twenty-first century. I employ biocultural methods and perspectives to examine bodies-as-products and bodies-as-projects in this cohort, focusing on health, beauty, and self-presentation projects. I also focus on the uncertainty and accompanying psychosocial stress that these women are subject to as a result of juggling globalized, "modern" opportunities and lifestyles on the one hand with local expectations and regulations on the other. Key to these analyses is the acknowledgment of the synergy between biology and culture, and the effects of both local and global factors on this synergy.
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Bélair, Joanny. "Farmland Investments in Tanzania: a Local Perspective on the Political Economy of Agri-food Projects." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using Tanzania as a case-study, this dissertation approaches the land grab issue in Tanzania with the following two main research question: How are new farmland investments shaping political dynamics and actors’ interactions in Tanzania? And, how actors’ interactions between and within levels of governance influence farmland investments’ outcomes at the local level?
I tackle these questions by proposing an original theoretical framework which is based on two main assertions. First, local outcomes associated with farmland investments in Tanzania result from actors’ interactions. Second, these interactions are shaped by the interplay between three main elements: contingencies (C), actors’ agency (A), and structure (S). I use the acronym CAS to refer to these three elements. CAS, by combining various theoretical insights, is analytically productive because it furthers our understanding of what shapes relations among actors, and accounts for how their interactions change in time and space. It contributes significantly to the literature on land grabbing by proposing a unified analytical tool that builds up on the relational perspective that has been proposed by different scholars. In addition, CAS allows researchers to overcome misleading categorisations and to question dominant narratives that have been associated with the land grabbing literature.
This dissertation is divided into 9 chapters. After the usual literature review (Chapter 1), theoretical framework (Chapter 2) and method (Chapter 3) chapters, Chapter 4 gets into the crux of the matter by first briefly presents Tanzania’s historical trajectory, with a specific focus on land policies in order to introduce this thesis’s empirical chapters, and to situate the reader in regards to Tanzania politics. Chapter 5 analysed land policies and related politics at the national level. It highlighted that actors’ interactions in relation to new farmland investments participate to the process of state formation. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 both adopted a local perspective to capture the impacts associated with new farmland investments in district political arenas. More specifically, chapter 6 highlighted the importance of not overstating the authority of the central state, rather insisting on the key role played by intermediaries in Rufiji district. Chapter 7, seeking to capture how a specific investment has restructured the local political agrarian economy in Missenyi district, argued that Kagera Sugar safeguards its operational profitability by creating locally mediated market relations. It led to the emergence of new local patrons who used their position to benefit and foster their own material interests at villagers’ expense. Chapter 8 adopted a micro perspective, examining the political dynamics associated with investors-related land conflicts in a village in Missenyi district. I compared and explained why actors’ interactions are different even in the same institutional context, highlighting that the same local context may produce different CASs.
In sum, this dissertation’s main findings are as follow. First, investments’ local impacts are contingent on investments’ terms of inclusion and exclusion that are constantly being negotiated between numerous actors. Second, although all actors exert their agency, their very capacity to negotiate and shape the social structure is partly influenced by structural constraints themselves. Third, it is interesting to note that specific local actors—and not necessarily the most powerful—such as district officials win almost every time, at least more than all the others. Although their place in the institutional architecture is decisive, it also shows that their capacity and ability to exert their agency is crucial: these district officials may have known better than others how to play their cards in the new Tanzanian farmland investment game. Fourth, even though processes through which new farmland investments affect the local political economy vary according to structural components (historical and institutional legacies), in both districts, the associated local outcomes were very similar. There are few exceptions, but the general trend in Tanzania is that most of the benefits associated with new farmland investments, the commodification of land and the increase of capital flows, are captured by government officials and political elites.
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Cuel, Jessica. "Help that Hinders? Exploring the ways donors shape local community participation in environmental NGO projects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/360481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis I investigate the impact of donor organizations on NGOs’ efforts to foster local community participation in environmental projects, by analyzing how conditions on project funding affect a sample of South African NGOs. Numerous NGOs take environmental justice as a key tenet of their work. Yet, promoting environmental justice is not an easy task to perform. Aside from cultural, political and social contingencies peculiar to specific contexts, there are external constraints that can help or hinder NGOs’ efforts, among which resource-dependency dynamics stand out as particularly relevant. In fact, donors hold power over NGOs, who must stick to specific conditions to secure their support. My aim is to understand what conditions and what type of donors facilitate or hinder community participation —a basic condition for achieving environmental justice— in environmental projects, where hindrances are exemplified by the presence of NGOization dynamics. I analyze donors’ guiding principles, eligibility criteria and monitoring and evaluation standards, delving into the provisions of five different funders that financially support local environmental projects in South Africa, classified according to their core values and organizational settings. Data are collected, coded, and analyzed with the help of NVIVO through a content analysis of calls for grants, project proposals, project reports, and semi-structured interviews to donors and NGO professionals. In this study, I argue that donor organizations can facilitate community participation and avoid NGOization dynamics by acknowledging the existence of unequal power relations between them and the NGOs they fund and by taking measures to respond to NGOs demands. This study highlights the importance of long-term engagement and a relationship based on trust between donors and NGOs as key to creating alternative funding models that help secure the goals that local communities define. Moreover, this study also claims that donors’ upward accountability has a weight in determining conditions on funds and eligibility criteria, and that many of the donors’ virtuous practices originate from their independence from upward accountability measures.
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Gcaba, Nokwanda Gladness. "The role of local economic development in King Sabata Dalinyebo Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study sought to investigate the role of local economic development initiatives in rural areas of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality in the Eastern Cape. This is the area which is mostly rural where poverty and unemployment take place every day. In South Africa, local economy is a critical success factor in addressing poverty and inequity .The South African Local Government White Paper on local government defines local government as a sphere of government that is committed to working with citizens and groups within the community to find sustainable ways to meet their social, economic and material needs and improve their quality of life. The study evaluates the participation of local people in small business to contribute in economic development of South Africa. Skill development and access to business information is also assessed to understand the knowledge the locals possess so that the able to own businesses. The research was conducted among the municipal officials, Ward Councillors, Municipal Managers and local economic development directorate. Government of South Africa has promoted LED through the concept of the “developmental state” and offers practical and financial support to local groups organized for the purpose of developing the local economy. Although most of the participants were educated people who have knowledge about the local economic development, people at grassroots level are struggling in being involved in different programmes funded by the government. The level of empowerment is low. Documents which are written in foreign language contribute to this challenge of not participating in local economic initiatives. There are few professionals who have experience and who can assist in planning and implementation of LED strategies and policies. Strengthening of already existing business association and partnering with business sector will promote active participants of the local people. The Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs argues that a critical part of local government’s leadership role in the area of LED rests within its ability to draw other key stakeholders into the development process. Effective and sustainable local economic development has been associated with the emergence of strong local partnerships, bringing together key stakeholder from both public and private sectors along with local community interest groups. Although there were studies that were conducted before the locals are unable to play active role in determining their own economic paths. The aim of local economic development to empower the local communities to identify their local resources to create opportunities for economic growth and employment. The objective to of this study is to create such opportunities so that the people at grass root level are able to understand their potentials in order to participate and promote the economic development of South Africa. Successful Local Economic Development depends on local participation as well as on national and regional structures to provide and support local initiative programmes. The government has policies that have not reached every citizen of this country. As indicated in literature review most researchers had dealt with different methods of how the local economic development strategy can be implemented but the gap still exists. The study is supposed to close those gaps by involving different structures in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality.
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Sishuba, Siphokazi. "Income generating projects in the agricultural sector in securing, maintaining and providing sustainable livelihoods : a case study of two projects in the Lukhanji Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The province consists of seven district municipalities, which include Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Cacadu, Amathole, Chris Hani, Ukhahlamba, OR Tambo, and Alfred Ndzo. It is comprised of seven local municipalities: King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyanden, Qaukeni, Mbizana, Mhlontlo, Port St John’s, and Ntabankulu. According to Bradshaw et al. (2000:4), the Eastern Cape has the second highest poverty level of all provinces in South Africa. Forty seven percent of households are below the poverty line, a figure based on imputed monthly expenditure of R800 or less (USSA, 2000b). In addition, the province has the highest provincial unemployment rate (55 percent) in the country (SSA, 2003). Inequitable growth and development characterise this province. Due to the high level of poverty, the government has formulated strategies, such as income generating projects (IGPs), to address the need for improved living conditions, better skills and more self-employment opportunities. The income generating project as a concept seems a convincing strategy at first glance. However, there is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of income generating projects in improving living conditions and providing sustainable livelihoods. In light of this, the researcher undertook a study to evaluate these projects in order to determine the extent to which IGPs as mechanisms provide sustainable livelihoods for resource–poor rural people in the Lukhanji Local Municipality. The researcher used a combined method approach; the study includes both quantitative and qualitative research designs in an attempt to gain an in-depth understanding of the problem. The investigator employed questionnaires and interviews to gather information. Participants were project members, project leaders and key informants, as these people were contributing builders and mangers of the project. Findings reveal a lack of sustainability in income generating projects, as numerous project members left the projects studied. A lack of income to sustain project members during their membership was a common complaint. Further, a lack of skills is a crucial contributing factor, as members of another project complained of a lack of training of project members.
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Carter, Assheton Stewart. "Mining companies as agents of development? : corporate social responsibility, participation and local community at mining projects." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323581.
Повний текст джерела
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Adams, Samuel. "Local church strategies for poverty alleviation : an assessment of church-based projects using human scale development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-142).This paper is an assessment of the viability of church-based poverty alleviation strategies. It hypothesises that churches have a valuable and significant role to play in the alleviation of poverty. The research looks at the activities of two churches within South Africa, that is, Jubilee Community Church in Cape Town, and Dihlabeng Christian Church in Clarens. The churches are then scrutinised as case studies in the light of Manfred Max-Neefs Human Scale Development theory. The theory of Human Scale Development is described. It is a radical alternative to mainstream neo-liberal approaches to poverty alleviation and development. There are three tenets of the theory: firstly, that development should involve the satisfaction of multiple needs simultaneously; secondly, that this is best conducted at the small or human scale; and thirdly, that dependency must be countered through the encouragement of self-reliance. Semi-structured interviews with key informants at the two churches provide the fieldwork data for this research. This data is then used to construct a thorough description of the churches' poverty alleviation programmes. Each church is discussed and the ten programmes at each are described in terms of their history and origin, their vision, and their core functions. The analysis of the data then occurs at two levels. Firstly, an assessment of the quantitative impact of the church-based projects is conducted. Secondly, there is a qualitative assessment of the churches as the data is combined with Max-Neefs three tenets of Human Scale Development. This analysis provides overwhelming evidence in support of the hypothesis. Churches are found to have a large impact on their communities. They are found to be building self-reliance as they satisfy multiple needs at the level of the human scale. The churches, therefore, are found to be valuable and significant role players in development.
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Larsson, Cecilia, and Moa Orvehed. "Carbon Offsetting, a new form of CO2lonialism? : Local implications of tree-planting projects in East Africa." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon offsetting has a growing presence on the global climate action agenda where it is promoted as a triple-win for the environment, business and development. However, the opinions on carbon offsetting are divided. Projects with agroforestry and participatory methods are highlighted as having more positive aspects, but critics emphasize that carbon offsetting can become an excuse for the Global North to continue business as usual while using the Global South as a carbon dump. Carbon offsetting can reproduce unequal power structures where countries, while formally decolonized, are still affected by coloniality. This study examines carbon offsetting through tree planting projects and the potential discrepancies between discourse and documented effects in East Africa with focus on Uganda. Four projects are compared with each other, focusing on documented social effects and impacts on land access. We analyze how power structures are expressed in carbon offsetting generally and in the projects. This is a literature study with a combined theoretical framework of political ecology and the decolonial approach. Findings imply that there, to varying degrees, are discrepancies between rhetoric and reality for the projects. Differences between the projects’ outcomes mainly boil down to their planting method, degree of participation and operating logic. All the projects are to varying degrees based on a coloniality, permeated by power structures and have some level of exclusion. However, findings also imply that best practices involve the local communities in a bottom up approach with an agroforestry method and carbon offsetting as a co-benefit.
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CONTE, VERONICA. "THE GOVERNANCE OF LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS: Local Governments and Finance Capital Interaction in Milan and Brussels." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La governance dei mega progetti in Europa sta convergendo verso un unico modello o invece si assiste al consolidamento di modelli diversi? Come possiamo spiegare le differenti relazioni tra governi locali e capitale finanziario? Qual è il ruolo dei primi nei processi di trasformazione urbana di larga scala? La ricerca risponde ai seguenti interrogativi attraverso un’analisi comparativa della governance dei grandi progetti a Milano e a Bruxelles, adottando come casi studio CityLife e Tour and Taxis.
A questo scopo, ho costruito il mio impianto teorico riferendomi all’Urban Political Economy e, in particolare, all’Urban Regime Analysis e ai contributi sulla finanziarizzazione della città e della governance urbana. Dopo aver delineato le condizioni per gli investimenti immobiliari nelle due città, ho esaminato i casi studio nel loro sviluppo nel tempo. Nello specifico, ho analizzato gli attori coinvolti e le loro risorse, le strategie d’investimento e le logiche politiche e, infine, il quadro istituzionale e normativo all’interno del quale gli stessi operano.
In entrambi i casi, i due mega-progetti sono indicativi di un nuovo regime di governance in cui si consolidano coalizioni di sviluppo finalizzate a promuovere la crescita urbana e a rispondere a interessi immobiliari. Sebbene in entrambi i contesti si assista all’adozione di pratiche imprenditoriali e all’uso strumentale della pianificazione urbanistica, la scala e lo scopo di queste strategie differiscono notevolmente: CityLife è un caso emblematico di governance finanziarizzata a guida privata, il cui scopo ultimo è la creazione di Milano come ‘città internazionale’; Tour and Taxis a Bruxelles, invece, rappresenta un caso emblematico di governance imprenditoriale a guida pubblica e rispecchia il tentativo di consolidamento del ruolo della Regione Capitale in tema di sviluppo urbano.Is the governance of large-scale projects converging in Europe? How can we explain the different interaction between local governments and finance capital in the making of the city? What role do local governments play in urban transformations? In this dissertation, my purpose is to address the aforementioned questions through a comparative analysis between CityLife in Milan and Tour and Taxis in Brussels. To do so, I draw on the Urban Political Economy literature and, specifically, on Urban Regime Analysis and the accounts on the financialisation of the city and urban governance. Having outlined the development trajectories and the governance architecture of Milan and Brussels, I examine the case studies in their development over time, in terms of actors involved, resources exchanged, investments and political logics, and institutional and regulatory frameworks. I argue that CityLife in Milan and Tour and Taxis in Brussels are indicative of a governance shift sustained by the consolidation of development coalitions oriented to promote urban growth and respond to real estate interests. In both contexts, the governance of large-scale projects is increasingly shaped by the adoption of entrepreneurial practices and an instrumental use of planning. However, such practices differ in terms of scope and scale. CityLife is emblematic of a financialised governance of large-scale projects aimed at promoting the making of Milan as an ‘international city’. In Brussels, instead, Tour and Taxis is an emblematic example of a public-led entrepreneurial governance and is pivotal to the consolidation of the role of the Brussels Capital Region in urban development matters.
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Oghenetega, Joshua Ogheneovo. "Participatory monitoring and evaluation for improved service delivery: The case Of C3 notification system in site C Khayelitsha." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Masters in Public Administration - MPAParticipatory monitoring and evaluation today, gives a whole new approach to participation. Local communities can now fully participate and be involved from the initiation of a project or from the beginning of a project, right up until when the project is completed as well as fully participate in the evaluation process as well. This goes a long way towards ensuring programmes, projects and policy outcomes are achieved. As a result, PM&E largely improves public accountability as well as improves community participation in the delivery of services to meet their needs. It ultimately enables communities to take ownership of policies, programmes and projects designed to meet their needs and to improve the quality of services provided to them. Thus, this research seeks to monitor and evaluate the participatory nature of the C3 Notification system towards improved service delivery within Site C Khayelitsha community. The challenge confronting many communities such as Site C Khayelitsha, is the inability of government to allow the communities fully take ownership of community projects and programmes designed to improve service delivery. This leaves a huge gap in truly ascertaining what communities truly want and what they need. Through the use of a mixed research method, a total of 50 respondents (users of the C3 notification system) living in Site C Khayelitsha were randomly selected and administered questionnaires; and 5 in-depth interviews were conducted with City of Cape Town officials in the Department of Solid Waste Management. From the data collected, the following research findings were ascertained. It was evident that there was a lack of awareness around the various channels through which users could log complaints. Many users found the Municipal offices and Call Centre an easier way to log complaints as compared to the other channels provided by the City to log complaints. It also revealed that services were not provided within the period stipulated in the Service level agreements. The qualitative analysis also underlined critical factors affecting the City of Cape Town and users of the C3 notification system in Khayelitsha. Call Centre agents obtain incomplete information of service requests or complaints logged by users and users fail to provide complete information when logging service requests especially through e-service channels provided to log complaints. Both mistakes contribute to the delay or non-response of the City of Cape Town to service requests or complaints.