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Dyani, Christopher Sidima. "A review of local government performance from 2004 - 2008: Sakhisizwe Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Loosely defined as “political units or instruments constituted by law (the peculiar or unique characteristics of which is their subordinate status to the central government) which have substantial control over local affairs and likewise have the power to tax” (Nyalunga, 2006: 15), local governments, and municipalities in particular, have been in existence since the early history of Anglo-Saxon England (post 1870). As political units, local governments have defined areas, defined populations, organised administrative structures and the authority to undertake and the power to carry out public activities within such defined areas (Nyulunga, 2006: 15). In the three-tiered form of government that is dominant world-wide, local government is the lowest sphere of government and, as such, “is often the first point of contact between an individual and a government institution” (Thornhill, 2008: 492). Although a number of different forms and structures of local government exist in the world, as it evolved, three critical matters defined the nature of local government in any particular country. Firstly, local government is defined by the extent of local self-government. Secondly, it is the autonomy and discretionary powers of the municipality and, thirdly, it is the extent to which the municipality is a momentous force in the lives of the people within a given area (Nyulunga, 2006: 16). Therefore, a consideration if these three defining factors provide clarity in terms of the nature of local government in a particular country. Due to the form of the South African state, which is a unitary state, South Africa established a system of local government aimed at governing various areas throughout the country. For the greater part of the country‟s history prior the 1994 democratic elections, what distinguished the South African local government system from the rest of the world was its relationship with the people it sought to govern. While in the majority of cases around the world municipalities were concerned with the welfare of all their citizens, in South Africa, the successive apartheid regimes worked tirelessly at the adoption and systematic enforcement of draconian policies that effectively brought misery to the majority of the South African population. Pieces of legislation, such as the various Natives Acts, the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, and the Group Areas Act, implemented through local government – the form of government closest to the people – ensured that South Africa experienced gross human rights violations, the economic exclusion of the majority of the populace, separate and unequal development and, in effect, an absolute monopoly of social, economic and political power by the white minority (Landsberg and Mackay, 2006: 1). Given the immediate impact municipal policies had on the people they sought to govern - this as a direct result of the proximity of this sphere of government to the people - it is not surprising that this level of government was the first casualty in the apartheid resistance campaign led by various liberation movements in the country. With systematic protests against various local government actions, coupled with boycotts of municipal rates and taxes, local government increasingly became detached from the population it served and consequently, was rendered dysfunctional. The election of F.W. De Klerk as the president of South Africa in 1989 proved to be a turning point in the historical trajectory of the country. Understanding the deleterious effects that the repressive policies had on the country‟s social structure, both economically and politically, De Klerk embarked on a road less travelled by opening channels for negotiation between government (and by extension the National Party) and the liberation movements in the country (particularly the African National Congress). As such, from 1990, various political organisations, such as the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) among others, which had, for many years, been banned on the basis of them being seen as terrorist organisations, were unbanned. This was accompanied by the unconditional release of political prisoners, including South Africa‟s first democratically elected President, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. One of the key outcomes of the negotiations that took place in the early 1990s was the development of the Interim, or Transitional, Constitution, Act 200 of 1993. This was an important document in that it provided a „historic bridge‟ between the apartheid state and the democratic dispensation that millions of South Africans aspired to. Additionally, this document provided a framework for the continued governance of South Africa pending the country‟s first democratic elections. The continued governance that the Interim Constitution provided for meant balancing human rights and the continued existence of the state and/or government. This was an important matter, particularly for local government, in that “a fragmented and incoherent range of local authorities cannot be transformed in one process as the negotiators for a democratic system of government wanted to ensure continuity in service provision” (Thornhill, 2008: 494). The temporal reprieve provided by the Interim Constitution allowed the negotiators to deal with the details of what would be the post-apartheid local government system of South Africa. The democratic government that emerged after the watershed event of 1994, under the stewardship of Nelson Mandela, had the immediate task of dismantling the apartheid legacy that had defined the country for many years and moving the country closer to achieving the democratic promise of a better life for all citizens. Practically, and importantly for the transformation of local government, this meant instilling democratic values and principles that would ensure that local government was responsive to the needs of the people and that it remained accountable to the electorate (the Presidency, 2003: 11). The ideal of the incoming democratic government was to transform this sphere of government into one that would ensure inclusive growth and development and equitable redistribution of the wealth of the country such that all people would have equal opportunity for a better life. It is important to note that the elections that were held on 27 April 1994 were only national and provincial elections. Local government elections could not be held at this point, simply because the new constitutional dispensation had not been finalised (Thornhill, 2008: 495). All parties to the negotiations agreed that the process of finalising the Constitution would be done through a democratically elected Constitutional Assembly. It was only after the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996 (the Constitution), was finalised, that the first local government elections could be held.
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Stuart, Graeme. "Monitoring energy performance in local authority buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy management has been an important function of organisations since the oil crisis of the mid 1970’s led to hugely increased costs of energy. Although the financial costs of energy are still important, the growing recognition of the environmental costs of fossil-fuel energy is becoming more important. Legislation is also a key driver. The UK has set an ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target of 80% of 1990 levels by 2050 in response to a strong international commitment to reduce GHG emissions globally. This work is concerned with the management of energy consumption in buildings through the analysis of energy consumption data. Buildings are a key source of emissions with a wide range of energy-consuming equipment, such as photocopiers or refrigerators, boilers, air-conditioning plant and lighting, delivering services to the building occupants. Energy wastage can be identified through an understanding of consumption patterns and in particular, of changes in these patterns over time. Changes in consumption patterns may have any number of causes; a fault in heating controls; a boiler or lighting replacement scheme; or a change in working practice entirely unrelated to energy management. Standard data analysis techniques such as degree-day modelling and CUSUM provide a means to measure and monitor consumption patterns. These techniques were designed for use with monthly billing data. Modern energy metering systems automatically generate data at half-hourly or better resolution. Standard techniques are not designed to capture the detailed information contained in this comparatively high-resolution data. The introduction of automated metering also introduces the need for automated analysis. This work assumes that consumption patterns are generally consistent in the short-term but will inevitably change. A novel statistical method is developed which builds automated event detection into a novel consumption modelling algorithm. Understanding these changes to consumption patterns is critical to energy management. Leicester City Council has provided half-hourly data from over 300 buildings covering up to seven years of consumption (a total of nearly 50 million meter readings). Automatic event detection pinpoints and quantifies over 5,000 statistically significant events in the Leicester dataset. It is shown that the total impact of these events is a decrease in overall consumption. Viewing consumption patterns in this way allows for a new, event-oriented approach to energy management where large datasets are automatically and rapidly analysed to produce summary meta-data describing their salient features. These event-oriented meta-data can be used to navigate the raw data event by event and are highly complementary to strategic energy management.
3
Chu, Yijing, and 褚轶景. "Resursive local estimation: algorithm, performance and applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49799320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adaptive filters are frequently employed in many applications, such as, system identification, adaptive echo cancellation (AEC), active noise control (ANC), adaptive beamforming, speech signal processing and other related problems, in which the statistic of the underlying signals is either unknown a priori, or slowly-varying.
Given the observed signals under study, we shall consider, in this dissertation, the time-varying linear model with Gaussian or contaminated Gaussian (CG) noises. In particular, we focus on recursive local estimation and its applications in linear systems. We base our development on the concept of local likelihood function (LLF) and local posterior probability for parameter estimation, which lead to efficient adaptive filtering algorithms. We also study the convergence performance of these algorithms and their applications by theoretical analyses. As for applications, another important one is to utilize adaptive filters to obtain recursive hypothesis testing and model order selection methods.
It is known that the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) may lead to large variance or ill-conditioning problems when the number of observations is limited. An effective approach to address these problems is to employ various form of regularization in order to reduce the variance at the expense of slightly increased bias. In general, this can be viewed as adopting the Bayesian estimation, where the regularization can be viewed as providing a certain prior density of the parameters to be estimated. By adopting different prior densities in the LLF, we derive the variable regularized QR decomposition-based recursive least squares (VR-QRRLS) and recursive least M-estimate (VR-QRRLM) algorithms. An improved state-regularized variable forgetting factor QRRLS (SR-VFF-QRRLS) algorithm is also proposed. By approximating the covariance matrix in the RLS, new variable regularized and variable step-size transform domain normalized least mean square (VR-TDNLMS and VSS-TDNLMS) algorithms are proposed. Convergence behaviors of these algorithms are studied to characterize their performance and provide useful guidelines for selecting appropriate parameters in practical applications.
Based on the local Bayesian estimation framework for linear model parameters developed previously, the resulting estimate can be utilized for recursive nonstationarity detection. This can be cast under the problem of hypothesis testing, as the hypotheses can be viewed as two competitive models between stationary and nonstationary to be selected. In this dissertation, we develop new regularized and recursive generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), Rao’s and Wald tests, which can be implemented recursively in a QRRLS-type adaptive filtering algorithm with low computational complexity. Another issue to be addressed in nonstationarity detection is the selection of various models or model orders. In particular, we derive a recursive method for model order selection from the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) based on recursive local estimation.
In general, the algorithms proposed in this dissertation have addressed some of the important problems in estimation and detection under the local and recursive Bayesian estimation framework. They are intrinsically connected together and can potentially be utilized for various applications. In this dissertation, their applications to adaptive beamforming, ANC system and speech signal processing, e.g. adaptive frequency estimation and nonstationarity detection, have been studied. For adaptive beamforming, the difficulties in determining the regularization or loading factor have been explored by automatically selecting the regularization parameter. For ANC systems, to combat uncertainties in the secondary path estimation, regularization techniques can be employed. Consequently, a new filtered-x VR-QRRLM (Fx-VR-QRRLM) algorithm is proposed and the theoretical analysis helps to address challenging problems in the design of ANC systems. On the other hand, for ANC systems with online secondary-path modeling, the coupling effect of the ANC controller and the secondary path estimator is thoroughly studied by analyzing the Fx-LMS algorithm. For speech signal processing, new approaches for recursive nonstationarity detection with automatic model order selection are proposed, which provides online time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) parameter estimation and the corresponding stationary intervals with low complexity.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
4
Putriana, Vima Tista. "Performance measurement of local government in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6808/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is about public sector performance measurement in the context of developing economies; more specifically, the study focuses on local government performance measurement systems as applied in Indonesia. Although there have been numerous research studies examining performance measurement, most empirical work has been undertaken in the context of developed economies. Performance measurement research in the milieu of developing economies is still very much underdeveloped and the progress is considerably much slower than those in developed economies. This study adopts an interpretive approach and applied case study research method in order, to develop an understanding of a) what drives the new performance measurement b) how it is designed and c) how it is used? The findings show that performance measurement in the context of developing economies tends to be driven by different reasons than compared to those developed economies. The findings also indicated developing economies encounter various challenges in designing and implementing performance measurement which eventually affected the use and usefulness of performance measurement. This study thus contributes to improve our understanding of the design, implementation and use of performance measurement in the context of developing economies. More specifically, it improves our understanding regarding (i) internal and external driving forces for performance measurement initiatives in the developing economies, (ii) the effectiveness of design, implementation and use, (iii) technical, organisational and institutional factors influencing design, implementation and use and the complex interactive effects of these three categories of factors, (iv) the interdependence between design, implementation and use, and (v) the complex conflicts of interest among different stakeholders in this context.
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Lee, Dong-Ok. "Central management of local performance : a comparison of England and Korea." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/68616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the 1980s, New Public Management (NPM) has deeply influenced the public sector across the world, and thus measuring or managing performance has become a principal element of government reform. In terms of borrowing models and techniques from the private sector, performance measurement has been significantly extended into government, but differences between the two sectors have led to difficulties and criticism of this practice with a wide inconsistent variety of different theoretical explanations about it. In this context, this thesis investigates the effectiveness of performance measurement and theoretical explanations of conditions for its success in the public sector. It focuses through a comparative methodology on Comprehensive Performance Assessment and Joint Performance Assessment that have recently been introduced between the levels of government in England and Korea for the improvement of local government performance and accountability. Extensive analysis of literature and case studies have allowed the thesis to find firstly, that the introduction of such unique assessment systems, by which the centre assesses localities, was deeply affected by the environmental commonalities of both countries such as centralisation in inter-governmental relations and enthusiasm for NPM. Second, the empirical evaluation of both tools shows that they have in practice been valid for accurate assessment, and directly functional for improvement and indirectly for accountability to the public. Their high validity and functionality proved to be mainly attributable to two characteristics. One was institutionally that both frameworks were based on a balanced approach to performance and the disclosure of assessment results to the public for facilitating competition between localities. The other was that both had impacted on internal management of local government which led to change in organisational culture with more focus on performance. However, it identified a necessity for local authorities to participate in the development process of those tools to ensure legitimacy of central management of local performance since they enjoy their own electorally based political support. The research has also found the importance of assessors’ expertise for accurate assessment and a possibility that performance measurement can contribute to the resolution of political tension and cooperation between central and local government when it focuses more on outcomes than input and process. A deeper theoretical and practical understanding of these successful experiences and important policy elements in contemporary public management contributes significantly to knowledge in the three settings of evaluation of policy instruments, comparison between countries and central-local relations. Finally, the study assists each country and others to draw lessons from each other.
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Duchâtel, Etienne. "Sensibilité au tissu économique local et performance de l'entreprise." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA033/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse est consacrée à la sensibilité de l’entreprise au Tissu Economique Local. Le chapitre préliminaire présente un cheminement aboutissant à trois questions de recherche ciblant trois aspects de cette relation, au niveau, local, européen et mondial. Le premier article pose la question suivante : quelle est la perception, par les dirigeants d’entreprise, de la sensibilité de leur entreprise au Tissu Economique Local (TEL), et de son impact sur sa performance ? Cette étude porte sur 25 entretiens semi-directifs effectués auprès de dirigeants dans les départements des deux Savoie (France). Les résultats montrent une difficulté pour les dirigeants à lier sensibilité au TEL et performance, et font émerger les déterminants de la sensibilité. Le second article traite la question suivante : quel est l’impact de la sensibilité de l’entreprise au Tissu Economique Local sur sa performance ? L’échantillon d’étude est composé de 252 entreprises européennes cotées et notées par l’agence de notation extra financière VIGEO entre 2004 et 2011. Les résultats mettent en lumière un effet convexe, d’abord négatif puis positif, de la sensibilité au TEL sur la performance comptable. Il est donc nécessaire pour les entreprises d’investir fortement sur le marché local pour déceler une amélioration de leur performance. Concernant la performance boursière à l’horizon de trois ans, les entreprises peu sensibles surperforment les entreprises très sensibles et le marché. Enfin, le troisième article répond à la question suivante : comment a évolué la concentration géographique des investissements en capital-risque et quels en sont les déterminants ? L’échantillon étudié retrace les investissements au sein des pays de l’OCDE et les BRICS sur la période 1970 - 2013. Les résultats mettent en exergue quatre tendances pour quatre groupes de pays, ainsi qu’un effet positif de la quantité d’investissement sur la concentration, en particulier durant la période précédant la crise internet. A l’inverse, le niveau de développement financier des pays réduit la concentration géographiqueThis thesis investigates the firm’s sensitivity to the Local Economic Fabric. A first analysis allows one to build three questions of research focusing on three aspects of this relation, at local, European and worldwide levels. The first paper answers the following question: What is corporate chiefs’ perception of their sensitivity to Local Economic Fabric (LEF) and its impact on firm performance? The sample being analyzed contains 25 interviews with corporate chiefs in the two departments of Savoie (France). The results highlight a difficulty for corporate chiefs to link sensitivity and firm performance. These qualitative interviews also show the determinants of sensitivity. The second paper answers to the next question: What is the actual effect of sensitivity to LEF on firm performance? This study uses the rating agency VIGEO dataset, which contains 252 European firms noted between 2004 and 2011. Results show a convex effect, first negative then positive, of the sensitivity to LEF on accounting performance. In other words, it is important for firms to invest at a minimum level on local markets to get better performance. About stock performance, for the three-years horizon, the lowest sensitive firms have better performance than the highest sensitive firms and market. The third paper provides an answer to the following questions: How has the geographical concentration of venture capital investments evolved from 1970 to 2013? What are the macro determinants of this evolution? Data involve all the investments of countries belonging to the OECD and the BRICS groups. Results show four evolutionary paths representing four groups of countries. The quantity of investment deals and the dot-com crisis increase the geographical concentration of venture capital while the level of financial development decreases it
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Khan, Majid, and Muhammad Faisal Amin. "Web Server Performance Evaluation in Cloud Computing and Local Environment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Cloud computing is a concept in which a user get services like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS by deploying their data and application on remotely servers. Users have to pay only for the time the resources are acquired. They do not need to install and upgrade software and hardware. Due to these benefits organization are willing to move their data into the cloud and minimize their overhead. Organizations need to confirm that cloud can replace the traditional platform, software and hardware in an efficient way and provide robust performance. Web servers play a vital role providing services and deploying application. One might be interested to have information about a web server performance in the cloud. With this aim, we have compared cloud server performance with a local web server. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate cloud performance. For this purpose, we first find out the parameters and factors that affect a web server performance. Finding the parameters helped us in measuring the actual performance of a cloud server on some specific task. These parameters will help users, developers and IT specialists to measure cloud performance based on their requirements and needs. Methods: In order to fulfill the objective of this study, we performed a Systematic literature review and an experiment. The Systematic literature review is performed by studying articles from electronic sources including ACM Digital Library, IEEE, EiVillage (Compendx,Inspec). The Snowball method is used to minimize the chance of missing articles and to increase the validity of our findings. In experiment, two performance parameters (Throughput and Execution Time) are used to measure the performance of the Apache Web Server in Local and Cloud environment. Results: In Systematic literature review, we found many factors that affect the performance of a web server in Cloud computing. Most common of them are throughput, response time, execution time, CPU and other resource utilization. The experimental results revealed that web server performed well in local environment as compared to cloud environment. But there are other factors like cost overhead, software/ hardware configuration, software/hardware up -gradation and time consumption due to which cloud computing cannot be neglected. Conclusions: The parameters that affect the cloud performance are throughput, response time, execution time, CPU utilization and memory utilization. Increase and decrease in values of these parameters can affect cloud performance to a great extent. Overall performance of a cloud is not that effective but there are other reasons for using cloud computing
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Kroukamp, H. "South African local government in a quandary : how to overcome ever-increasing challenges to excellence in service delivery." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/654.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Published ArticleDespite the introduction of various legislative measures to improve the performance of local government in terms of the mandate to be an autonomous sphere of government, service delivery in South Africa remains questionable and local government in a quandary. Performance in this context is influenced by globalization, technological development and challenges such as the world-wide financial crisis, enforcement of debt collection policies, decaying infrastructure and an unresponsive political and administrative environment. Strategies are recommended to ensure that local government can move beyond this point to excellent service delivery.
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Wang, Xiaoqi. "China's civil service reform and local government performance : a principal-agent perspective /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36432854.
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Kwon, Kyounghye. "Local Performances, Global Stages: Postcolonial and Indigenous Drama and Performance in Glocal Circuits." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259760023.
Повний текст джерела
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Wu, Z.-D. "Performance modelling of Cambridge ring based local network." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376339.
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Ablitt, David John. "Performance modelling of transmission strategies for local networks." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385310.
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Haren, Sam, and sam@theborderproject com. "Falling in Place: Place and its Imaginary in Making Performance." Flinders University. Humanities, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090224.142202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study began with a personal recognition of the importance of space in my creative process. As a theatre director, I need to see and feel the space for a work before I know how to direct or create the performance. Once I know what the space is everything falls into place. This fascination with space in my creative process has triggered a larger investigation into the operations of place in the making of contemporary performance.
The first part of the thesis embarks on a series of theoretical and creative journeys to learn more about place and how it is positioned within contemporary performance. It journeys
through contemporary theory on place in the work of Gaston Bachelard, Edward S. Casey, Henri Lefebvre, Michel de Certeau and Marc Auge. These theorists think about place as a product of human dwelling and social production, and its conceived dimensions as psychic structures for a culture that embodies the fantasies, desires and visions of our places.
The thesis traces my physical journey from Australia to the Wooster Group in New York City and Forced Entertainment in Sheffield where I observed and worked with two significant contemporary performance companies, each in their own place. The Wooster Group has maintained an ongoing osmotic relationship with SoHo, absorbing the underground experimentations of performance makers in the 1960s, to the retail experimentations of Prada today in the now gentrified district. Similarly, Forced Entertainment has lived through a rejuvenation of Sheffield, which is examined in relation to a shift in the companys aesthetic and style. I also encountered these
companies and another, Societas Raffaello Sanzio, at festivals in Australia. Societas Raffaello Sanzio avoid endless repetition on tour with Tragedia Endogonidia a project that creates a new work for each place it performs in balancing the desires of the international performing arts market with a portable strategy towards place.
The second part of the thesis returns to examine the imaginaries of Australia and Adelaide, the nation and city in which I work. It considers the impact of these imaginaries in a performance laboratory called The Rope Project, which explores Adelaides myth of The Family and Alfred Hitchcocks Rope. Lacans notion of the imaginary is used to examine the national imaginary of Australia as place where people disappear, an imaginary maintained by representations that imbue the Australian landscape with a hostile agency. The thesis argues that the erasure implicit in the colonial concept of terra nullius has informed a national imaginary obsessed with disappearance. A dossier of The Rope Project reveals the myth of The Family explored as a representation in the performance laboratory. The Family is the result of two competing imaginaries connected to the city of Adelaide: its founding utopian imaginary, the Athens of the South, and its horror-inverse, The Worlds Murder Capital. This mythology was generated as a conservative backlash to the social reforms of Premier Don Dunstan and maintains a perceived connection between homosexuality and deviance. The thesis offers in conclusion fresh insights into the use of the imaginary and lived aspects of place in the creation of new performance works.
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Taulapapa, Ma'amora. "The current status of the balanced scorecard as a performance measurement and a strategic management tool in NZ local government organisations a dissertation submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Business, 2008." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2008.
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Tristán, Bianca. "Models of body and femininity in a local gym." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabajo explora los ideales de cuerpo y comportamiento femenino presentes en mujeres adultas de nuestra «nueva clase media», que asisten a un gimnasio local o de barrio. Propone que los ideales de cuerpo desarrollados por las alumnas están íntimamente relacionados con tradicionales nociones de roles de género de nuestra sociedad; pero, a su vez, enfatiza el hecho de que ellas, además de buscar alcanzar un cuerpo acorde a las expectativas sociales, también buscan interactuar y/o hacer amistad entre ellas, así como experimentar goce u otras emociones extraordinarias en la realización de la actividad aeróbica en sí, etcétera. De esta forma, el texto explora finalmente cómo el significado que estas mujeres otorgan a su vivencia en el gimnasio no solo no las acerca necesariamente al cuerpo ideal que calza con el estándar social de feminidad, sino que incluso su experiencia se convierte en una oportunidad para discutir y reelaborar los modelos de feminidad en sí mismos y afirmar sus propias narrativas de identidad.The purpose of this work is to explore the ideals of body and behavior among adult women of our new Peruvian middle class attending a gym. It suggests that the ideals of bodies developed in this place are in closely related to traditional notions of gender roles of our society. But, at the same time, emphasizes the fact that they, not only try to have a body in accordance to social expectation, but also to interact or make friends, and to experience a variety of emotions in performing aerobic activity itself. Finally, the paper explores the meaning that these women give to their experience at the gym. Not only does this experience get them closer to the ideal body, fixed by the social standards of femininity, but the experience turns into an opportunity to discuss and remake those models of femininity, and assert their own discourses of identity.
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Berezin, Maria Eugenia. "Cross-layer techniques for Wireless Local Area Networks." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM069/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette thèse, nous examinons les aspects essentiels des réseaux locaux sans fil IEEE 802.11 (réseaux WiFi) en mode infrastructure, et identifions les problèmes qui peuvent affecter leurs performances. Après avoir étudié l'état de l'art, nous constatons que de nombreux efforts de recherche ont proposé des solutions diverses mais présentant des limitations qui empêchent leur déploiement dans les réseaux locaux sans fil existants. En outre, les utilisateurs de ces réseaux ont des attentes toujours croissantes de disponibilité, de fiabilité, de réponse instantanée et de sécurité de la part de leurs connexions sans fil. Motivés par ces défis, nous concevons et mettons en œuvre des solutions nouvelles et concrètes aux problèmes ouverts liés à la performance des réseaux locaux sans fil IEEE 802.11. Nous adoptons une approche centrée sur le point d'accès (Access Point), qui n'introduit pas de modifications côté client. Nous nous concentrons sur les aspects suivants des réseaux locaux sans fil : la mobilité des clients, la gestion des canaux, et la qualité de service, et nous explorons trois différents scénarios pour les déploiements les plus répandus : une entreprise, une ville (zone urbaine), et une résidence personnelle (maison ou appartement). Afin de fournir une base commune pour la mise en œuvre pratique de nouvelles solutions 802.11, nous introduisons un modèle de point d'accès intelligent, inspiré des techniques d'auto-gestion. Les contributions principales de cette thèse sont les suivantes : 1. Nous développons une solution de mobilité transparente pour la Voix sur IP (VoIP) dans les réseaux sans fil d'entreprise, appelée Multichannel Virtual Access Point (mVAP), qui n'introduit aucune modification côté client et reste compatible avec les appareils actuels. Nous mettons en œuvre et évaluons mVAP en utilisant du matériel 802.11 standard, et accomplissons une mobilité transparente sans interruption ni dégradation des communications en cours. 2. Nous étudions la possibilité d'exploiter la couverture WiFi existante dans les zones urbaines pour obtenir un accès mobile à Internet, grâce à des simulations réalisées à partir de données réelles collectées par des téléphones portables. Les résultats montrent que cette couverture WiFi est large et que la connectivité offerte peut être efficacement utilisée. Nous identifions des questions ouvertes concernant le déploiement effectif d'un tel réseau WiFi à l'échelle d'une ville, et les applications qui pourraient en bénéficier. 3. Nous proposons un mécanisme dynamique de sélection de canal pour les réseaux locaux sans fil personnels (maisons et appartements), qui utilise la charge de trafic variable dans le temps pour l'estimation d'interférences. Nous mettons en œuvre cette solution en utilisant du matériel 802.11 standard, et nous l'évaluons expérimentalement : les performances d'un tel réseau sont considérablement améliorées en choisissant le canal qui présente le moins d'interférencesIn this dissertation, we examine important aspects of infrastructure IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and identify issues that can affect their performance. Reviewing the state of the art, we observe that numerous research efforts have proposed diverse solutions with several limitations that impede their deployment in existing WLANs. Moreover, users have ever-increasing expectations of availability, reliability, instantaneous response and security from their wireless connections. Motivated by these challenges, we design and implement novel but practical solutions that address open issues affecting the performance of IEEE 802.11 WLANs. We adopt an Access Point (AP)-based approach, which does not require any modification in the clients. We focus on the following aspects of WLANs: client mobility, channel management, and quality of service, and explore three different scenarios for the most common deployments: an enterprise, a city (urban area), and a personal residence (home). To provide a common basis for practical implementation of new 802.11 solutions, we present a Smart AP model, inspired by self-management techniques. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1. We develop a seamless mobility solution for Voice over IP (VoIP) services in Enterprise WLANs, called Multichannel Virtual Access Points (mVAP), which requires no client modifications and is compatible with current devices. We implement and evaluate mVAP using commodity 802.11 hardware, and achieve transparent mobility without interruption or degradation of ongoing communications. 2. We investigate the feasibility of harnessing the existing WiFi coverage in urban areas for mobile Internet access, through trace-based simulations using real data collected by mobile phones. The results show that the WiFi coverage is large and the connectivity it offers can be effectively exploited. We identify open issues for the actual deployment of such a citywide WiFi network and the applications that could benefit from it. 3. We propose an adaptive traffic-aware channel selection mechanism for Home WLANs, that uses the time-varying traffic load for interference estimation. We implement this solution using commodity 802.11 hardware and experimentally evaluate it: the network performance is drastically improved by constantly picking the channel with the least interference
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Kahng, Hyun Kook. "Performance of local area networks with non-homogenous users." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13857.
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Maphalla, Shawn Thabo. "Financial performance of local government : evidence from South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97469.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poor financial management and a lack of financial performance are some of the major challenges that affect local government in South Africa. This has raised concern with regard to the financial sustainability of local government in South Africa. Furthermore, the poor state of financials in local government has directly impacted the ability of local government to execute and deliver on its constitutional mandate to deliver basic public services and goods to local communities. The lack of service delivery by local government has since resulted in service delivery protests around the country which have often turned violent. The improvement of the financial function in local government is said to have the ability to improve the general functioning of local government and lead not only to the delivery of basic public services to communities but also facilitate development in those communities. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse and determine the drivers of financial performance and financial sustainability of local government in South Africa. The data that was used for the study is from all 278 municipalities in South Africa for the year 2013/2014. The study used regression analysis (Chi-Squared) with financial distress (performance) as a dependent variable and the following as explanatory variables: Type of municipality, cash cover, cash balances, reliance on grants and transfers, overspending, underspending, debtor growth, debtors as a percentage of own revenue and capacity in the key positions of the municipality. The regression analysis was supported by a contingency table and decision tress. The results and findings of the study are consistent with literature and indicate that the type of municipality, the degree to which a municipality relies on government grants and transfers, the manner in which a municipality manages it debtors, cash, creditors, its spending (in comparison to its budgets) as well as the extent to which municipalities adhere to legislative compliance all affect financial performance in local government in South Africa.
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Ruddock, Leslie. "Performance and efficiency measurement in local authority building organisations." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14709/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work constitutes a study of the operations of local authority building direct labour organisations (DLOs) during the 1980s, An overt aim of Part III of the 1980 Local Government, Planning and Land Act was to improve efficiency in the operations of local authority building direct labour organisations (DLOs). Whilst the Act did not specify how DLOs should be organised, the legislation on accounting and accountability clearly had Important organisational implications. Even prior to 1981, some DLOs already obtained the majority of work via competitive tender, had control over their functions and had systems for demonstrating their efficiency. Others were not operated in such ways and fundamental changes were needed to successfully meet the challenge of the new legislation. By 1988, the Audit Commission admitted that DLO5 had very largely been successful in meeting the competitive requirements of the 1980 Act, but expressed concern over the varying levels of effectiveness and efficiency of operation that existed amongst organisations. An objective of the study is to look at the problems associated with efficiency and productivity measurement in the context of DLO performance. The Conservative government of this period had a strong conniitment to the improvement of efficiency of the public sector. In other areas of public services, various forms of performance Indicator were being employed to monitor performance, but for a DLO the sole measure of efficiency was the ability to meet the 5a target rate of return. The concern with efficiency produced new interest in the application of quantitative techniques to provide methods of efficiency measurement. This work undertakes a study of the problems associated with efficiency and performance measurement In this sector of the U.K. construction Industry. The availability of appropriate data at the Individual organisation level from 1981 onwards, enabled, for the first time, viable lnter-DLO comparisons to be undertaken at the micro-level and sectoral comparisons to be made at the macro-level. The data used In the study were obtained over a five year period from a variety of sources of published and unpublished sources. A unique database of expenditure and revenue Information from over 150 DLOs has been developed, which in many ways is even more comprehensive than the 'official' statistics collected by the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. Methods used for efficiency measurement With the great emphasis placed on ensuring that the public sector of the construction industry acts in an efficient manner, the data are employed In various methods for the measurement of efficiency. 1. At the sector level, total factor productivity neasurement is used to gauge the rate of growth of the DLO sector of the industry. 2. At the organisation level, 'Farrell' measures of efficiency are used. A model for measuring the efficiency of Individual organisations is presented. Data Envelopment Analysis I used to consider inefficiency that raises Costs above their feasible minimum.
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Muriithi, Ndiritu. "Radio local area networks : protocol design and performance analysis." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296384.
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Zahir, Humaira. "Performance of local aggregate in high friction surface treatment." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34562.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Civil Engineering
Mustaque A. Hossain
Road surfaces may prematurely lose pavement friction due to polished aggregates on sharp horizontal curves, steep grades, or near intersections resulting in vehicle skidding. The problem gets exacerbated during wet weather. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) estimates that about 70% of wet pavement crashes can be prevented or minimized by improving pavement friction. High Friction Surface Treatment (HFST), a specially-designed thin surface application of hard aggregates and thermosetting resins like epoxy, has been proven to be an effective method to increase road surface friction. Calcined bauxite has been predominantly used in the United States as the hard aggregate in combination with an epoxy binder for HFST. However, this treatment is expensive since the calcined bauxite is imported. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a local aggregate in HFST. Slab specimens of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) were compacted in the laboratory and treated with HFST systems incorporating both calcined bauxite and a local, hard aggregate, Picher Oklahoma flint aggregate. The treated HMA specimens were then tested with a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) and a Circular Track Meter (CTM) to determine the frictional coefficient and texture depth, respectively. Also, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device Testing were conducted on these HFST systems to evaluate wearing resistance under repetitive wheel load. Field measurements of texture depths on HFST were also done. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the performance of high friction surfaces prepared with different aggregate epoxy combinations. The results show that flint aggregate can be a suitable substitute for the calcined bauxite in HFST. Field measurements also showed marked improvements in texture depth with HFST.
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Berry, Benjamin A. "Simulating Local Biases in Visual Attention in Neurocognitive Performance." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1596465432506281.
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Henderson, Darrall. "Assessing the Finite-Time Performance of Local Search Algorithms." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26926.
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Identifying a globally optimal solution for an intractable discrete optimization problem is often cost prohibitive. Therefore, solutions that are within a predetermined threshold are often acceptable in practice. This dissertation introduces the concept of B-acceptable solutions where B is a predetermined threshold for the objective function value.
It is difficult to assess a priori the effectiveness of local search algorithms, which makes the process of choosing parameters to improve their performance difficult. This dissertation introduces the B-acceptable solution probability in terms of B-acceptable solutions as a finite-time performance measure for local search algorithms. The B-acceptable solution probability reflects how effectively an algorithm has performed to date and how effectively an algorithm can be expected to perform in the future. The B-acceptable solution probability is also used to obtain necessary asymptotic convergence (with probability one) conditions. Upper and lower bounds for the B-acceptable solution probability are presented. These expressions assume particularly simple forms when applied to specific local search strategies such as Monte Carlo search and threshold accepting. Moreover, these expressions provide guidelines on how to manage the execution of local search algorithm runs. Computational experiments are reported to estimate the probability of reaching a B-acceptable solution for a fixed number of iterations. Logistic regression is applied as a tool to estimate the probability of reaching a B-acceptable solution for values of B close to the objective function value of a globally optimal solution as well as to estimate this objective function value. Computational experiments are reported with logistic regression for pure local search, simulated annealing and threshold accepting applied to instances of the TSP with known optimal solutions.Ph. D.
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Houts, Carrie Rena. "The Performance of Local Dependence Indices with Psychological Data." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322364626.
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Chan, Kenneth Chi-Kin. "Integrating local area networks to improve reliability and performance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25857.
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A hybrid network comprising an Ethernet and a Cambridge Ring has been proposed by researchers in the Department of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia as a means for improving reliablility and performance of computer communication in a local area network environment. This thesis explores the practicability of this concept and constructs a generalization of this model, where an arbitrary number of LANs, of arbitrary technologies, may be used together in an integrated fashion. The goal is a set of software primitives which provides a connection-oriented message-based IPC interface, and allows a user to utilize multiple networks with relative ease. A number of relevent design issues, including host reachability, path selection, and load monitoring are dealt with in detail. Also discussed is an implementation of this software interface here at the University of British Columbia, developed on Sun workstations running 4.2 BSD Unix which are inter-connected by an Ethernet and a Cambridge Ring. Measurement results on the performance of the implemented software are included.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Jacobson, Olof. "Correlating Local Weather Conditions with Cellular Network Performance Indicators." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189600.
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In this thesis, the relationships between local weather and the performance of a cellular telecommunications network were investigated by means of data analysis. Models of the average daily cycles in the data were developed accounting for cyclic behaviour and seasonal trends. Several different analysis methods were then performed on data measuring deviations from these average cycles. The methods used were multiple linear regression, partial least squares regression, calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficients, and regression by artificial neural networks. Some of the results indicate that the number of calls being attempted in the network is related to the local weather conditions. Additionally, small indications were found that the percentage of failed calls in the network was related to the amount of precipitation. These findings could potentially be valuable for network operators.I detta examensarbete undersöktes samband mellan lokala väderförhållanden och indikatorer på nätverksprestanda för ett mobilnätverk. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av dataanalys. Modeller för den genomsnittliga dagliga variationen i de undersökta parametrarna utvecklades där hänsyn togs till cykliska trender och säsongsberoende. Ett flertal analysmetoder tillämpades sedan på data som mätte avvikelser från de genomsnittliga variationerna. Metoderna som användes var linjär regression, ’partial least squares’ regression, uträkning av Spearmans rangkorrelation, och regression med hjälp av artificiella neuronnät. Resultaten indikerade att antalet samtal som försökte kopplas upp i nätverket influerades av väderförhållandena. Dessutom kunde små indikationer urskiljas på att nederbörd påverkade andelen misslyckade samtalsuppkopplingar i nätverket. Resultaten kan potentiellt vara av värde för nätverksoperatörer.
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Tilley, Kevin Joseph. "Performance of computer communications for manufacturing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386857.
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Vogler, Andrew James, and avogler@virginbroadband com au. "Field based testing protocols to monitor training adaptations and performance in elite rowers." Flinders University. Education, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100302.133001.
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Laboratory-based rowing tests are the established standard for assessing fitness traits among elite rowers, and for prescribing individualised exercise intensities for training. But because tests occur on a rowing ergometer, the specificity of laboratory testing has been questioned compared with the criterion of on-water rowing. This project validated equipment required to replicate a laboratory-based rowing test in the field and evaluated the feasibility of on-water tests. Ergometer and on-water test results were compared to assess the validity of ergometer-derived training prescriptions and to establish the effectiveness of on-water tests for monitoring longitudinal fitness changes and for predicting rowing performance.
Concept2 rowing ergometers (Morrisville, USA) have frequently been used for rowing tests. Although subtle design variations exist between the different models of Concept2 ergometer, there were no substantial differences between the results from incremental rowing tests using Model C and Model D ergometers. The Concept2 Model D was therefore accepted as the standard ergometer for subsequent laboratory tests. Typical error (TE) results from duplicate Concept2 Model D tests conducted 2-4 d apart showed that laboratory tests were highly reliable (TE: maximal power = 2.8%, peak oxygen consumption = 2.5%).
As oxygen consumption (VO2) is measured routinely during laboratory rowing tests, it is necessary to obtain similar measurements during any on-water protocol. The MetaMax 3B portable indirect calorimetry system (Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) was therefore validated against a first-principles, laboratory-based indirect calorimetry system (MOUSe, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia). VO2 from the MetaMax was significantly higher during submaximal exercise (p=0.03), although results were within 0.16 L.min-1 (4.1%) across all exercise intensities. There was good agreement between duplicate MetaMax trials separated by ~2 d; mean VO2 was within 0.11 L.min-1 (2.5%) and TE was ¡Ü2.3%.
The specificity of rowing testing was improved using an On-water incremental test that replicated a laboratory-based Ergometer protocol. However, the individual variation in physiological responses between-tests meant that training intensity recommendations from the Ergometer test were not always applicable to on-water training. Furthermore, measurements from the On-water protocol displayed similar or lesser reliability (TE=1.9-19.2%) compared with the Ergometer test (TE=0.1-11.0%).
As an effective fitness test must also be sensitive to longitudinal changes, the responses to 6 wks training were compared between the Ergometer and On-water methods. The magnitude of On-water training effects were usually greater (small Cohen¡¯s effect size) compared with the Ergometer test (trivial effect), although On-water and Ergometer tests both indicated that training responses were negligible because virtually all changes were less than one of their respective TEs. Correlations between test results and rowing performance were largest when rowing mode was matched between conditions, but Ergometer results provided the highest correlations (Ergometer vs. 2000-m ergometer time-trial: R= -0.92 to -0.97 compared with On-water vs. On-water maximal power output: R=0.52 to 0.92).
Although On-water tests improved the specificity of on-water training prescriptions, these tests provided no obvious benefits for monitoring longitudinal fitness changes or performance compared with Ergometer tests. Given that On-water tests are also more time consuming and logistically challenging, their practical application is limited.
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Petkov, Ivan. "Essays on Local Determinants of Economic Growth." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106789.
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Thesis advisor: Fabio SchiantarelliThe fundamental concept unifying this thesis is that outcomes at small geographical units can shed light on key economic questions of interest for both macroeconomics and finance. Some of the questions I explore in my work include whether bank networks facilitate access to financial capital by small businesses in the US, whether lending to small businesses is important for short-term economic growth, and whether different cultural and institutional endowments improve economic outcomes in the long run.\\ Small Business Lending and the Bank-Branch Network: In this chapter, I examine the role of banks in propagating local economic shocks from one area to another through their network of bank branches, by exploiting a newly developed branch-level dataset. Specifically, I examine the change in the geographical distribution of small business loans within each bank network in response to: 1) increases in deposit growth due to presence in areas with new fracking wells; 2) changes in the profitability of real estate loans due to presence in areas experiencing real estate booms. I evaluate how the supply-driven changes in lending following these shocks impact real economic activity. I find that banks export the increase in liquidity from the fracking areas and fund more small business loans at other, more distant branches. Borrowers from banks with a higher exposure to fracking experience faster establishment growth at areas beyond 100 miles from the fracking activity. The results for the real estate booms show that increases in the return of real estate loans contributed to a decrease in small business lending at branches away these booms. Borrowers from banks with high exposure to residential appreciation experienced slower establishment growth even within areas at a significant distance from the real estate booms.\\ Does It Matter Where You Came From? Ancestry Composition and Economic Performance of US Counties, 1850 - 2010: The United States provides a unique laboratory for understanding how the cultural, institutional, and human capital endowments of immigrant groups shape economic outcomes. In this paper, we use census micro-samples to reconstruct the country-of-ancestry composition of the population of US counties from 1850 to 2010. We also develop a county-level measure of GDP per capita over the same period. Using this novel panel data set, we show that the evolution of the country-of-origin composition of a county is significantly associated with changes in county-level GDP. The cultural, institutional, and human capital endowments from the country of origin drive this association. Particularly important are attitudes towards cooperation with others. Using an instrumental variable strategy, we identify a significant effect of changes in the ancestry-weighted endowments on economic development. Finally, our results suggest that while the fractionalization of ancestry groups is positively related to county GDP, fractionalization in attributes such as trust is negatively related to local economic performance. \\ Culture: Persistence and Evolution: This paper presents evidence on the speed of evolution (or lack thereof) of a wide range of values and beliefs of different generations of European immigrants to the US and interprets the evidence in the light of a simple model of socialization and identity choice. The main result is that persistence differs greatly across cultural attitudes. For instance, many family values, political orientation, and most deep personal religious values converge slowly to the prevailing US norm. Others, such as attitudes toward cooperation, children's independence, and sexual matters, converge rather quickly. The results obtained studying higher generation immigrants differ greatly from those found when the analysis is limited to the second generation, as typically done in the literature, and they imply a lesser degree of persistence than previously thought. Finally, we show that persistence is ``culture specific'' in the sense that the country from which one's ancestors came matters for the pattern of generational convergence
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Mahmood, Rashid, and Naief Qureshi. "Performance evaluation of local server running over the WinXP Embedded." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance evaluation of local server, especially the performance of the serial port, internet connection and also the database functions, running over the 32-bit Windows XP Embedded is a part of control and monitoring system. This system consists of Wireless Sensor Network, Local Server, Data Transfer (via the Internet), Main Server and Clients. The WinXPe is lighter environment and the Local Server acts as gateway software that communicates between wireless sensor networks. The gateway software is Windows based application that is developed with the help of MFC of Visual Studio. The performance of serial port is verified through comparison of packet error rate under both Windows XP and Windows XP Embedded. The performances of database functions are verified through comparison of time spend to create table, insert value, delete table, delete specific values of table, and update table, etc. under both 64-bit and 32-bit system.
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Sun, Jun (John), and Xingqiao (David) Xu. "Criterion-related Validity Analysis of Performance Management in Local Government." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3431.
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Advocated by the New Public Management movement, performance management has been increasingly adopted in local government agencies, aiming to improve government performance and accountability. The purposes of this dissertation are trying to investigate the current practice of performance management and its effectiveness, and find out whether there are differences between Sweden and China, and between different agency levels in terms of performance management and government performance. According to theoretical review, we combine two performance management models into a new one with four stages, and establish a three-dimensional government performance model based on the Balanced Scorecard, with which questionnaires are designed. The results, carried out mainly in China, show that to a large extent the models are consistent with the theory. Nevertheless, a new stage of performance management, named as performance appraisal, emerges combining performance measurement with parts of performance report. It is found that the four stages of performance management are received different attentions in local government agencies. The results also display that two stages of performance management (performance improvement and performance standard-set) have strong causal relations with government performance. Meanwhile, there are significant differences between three agency levels in terms of some performance management stages and one performance dimension, according to the results. As far as the two nations are concerned, Sweden is much better than China at all the four stages of performance management, but only much better at one performance dimension—learning and growth—than China.
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Chakrabarti, Indranil. "Local governance : bureaucratic performance and health care delivery in Calcutta." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1650/.
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This thesis is based on a comparative case study of two bustee neighbourhoods located in two separate wards of Calcutta, and of the factors which have affected the performance of public officials providing primary health care services to their inhabitants. It is argued that poor bureaucratic performance and a lack of accountability lie at the heart of problems with the health system in West Bengal. The thesis evaluates the effectiveness of 'governance' reforms, comprising decentralisation and the application of the principles of New Public Management (NPM), on the performance of public officials. NPM and decentralisation apply the core assumptions of neo-classical economics to the study of bureaucratic decision-making. The thesis argues that local officials in Calcutta may not always have chosen to behave in a way which maxmised their personal welfare, but that history, culture and politics may have affected the choices that they made. The thesis questions the view that decentralization necessarily leads to greater community participation challenges contemporary notions of what constitutes 'civil society' and suggests a more nuanced view of the relationship between civil society and good government. It questions NPM's claims to universality, which have resulted in its widespread application without due regard to local context, and argues that NPM inspired reforms have had a limited effect on health officials in Calcutta, in part, because of their failure to address the underlying causes of poor bureaucratic performance. The final chapter argues that the political influence of public sector workers has affected the willingness of the ruling Party to enforce the incentives to improve the performance of health care officials in West Bengal.
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Sarrafan, Amir Mansour. "Transputer models for high-performance bridges in local area networks." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278225.
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Mallon, James. "Local authority care and academic performance : risk and protective factors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424596.
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Wilson, Timothy David. "Increasing the performance of storage services for local area networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240037.
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Gonsalves, Mary L. Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The effects of cigarette smoke on global/local task performance." Ottawa, 1995.
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Lu, Jie. "Performance evaluation of packet video transfer over local area networks." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063207/.
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Genc, Elif. "Strategy implementation, organizational culture and performance in Turkish local government." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/112237/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is widely acknowledged that effective strategy implementation, as one of the most crucial stages of the strategy making process, leads to better organizational performance. In particular, the literature indicates that implementation style is essential for directing strategies towards good organizational outcomes. For public sector organizations, there is a common belief that the implementation of strategies mostly fails in practice. However, there is still very little research addressing whether implementation style is related to better public service outcomes. This study explores the relationships between rational and incremental strategy implementation styles and the performance of public sector organizations. In addition, it investigates the effects of organizational culture, another important organizational characteristics seen as an effective tool for enhancing performance. While there are numerous studies in the literature investigating the relationship between organizational culture and performance in both the private and the public sector, most of this research investigates the direct effects of culture. Here, I examine the separate and combined effects of strategy implementation style and organizational culture on performance by applying the Competing Values Framework, a comprehensive typology which includes four types of culture together with specific organizational effectiveness criteria. By doing so, the current research is intended to contribute to the literatures on strategy implementation, organizational culture and performance. Contextually, the relationships were examined in Turkish local government organizations, specifically in metropolitan municipalities – large multi-purpose public organizations serving many citizens. The study therefore contributes new evidence on public sector strategic management in a non-Western environment. A mixed method research design is applied using 134 survey responses and 16 semi-structured interviews. Survey data, as the main quantitative component of the study, were analysed using multiple and robust moderated regression models. Qualitative data collection was then undertaken to clarify the relationships uncovered by the quantitative data analysis. The study results confirmed the presence of a significant positive relationship between rational strategy implementation and organizational performance. In regards to organizational culture types, only the hierarchy culture showed a consistently positive influence on performance. Nevertheless, a rational strategy implementation style appeared to strengthen the effects of a hierarchical and a market-based culture on performance, while an incremental strategy implementation style seemed to enhance the effects of a clan-oriented culture and an adhocracy culture on performance. Qualitative data analysis largely supports the quantitative findings on the independent and moderating effects of strategy implementation style and organizational performance. However, it also identified some positive performance effects from a hierarchy culture, a market-based culture, a clan culture and an adhocracy culture. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in the conclusion.
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Kroukamp, Hendri. "South African local government performance : satisfactory to be globally competitive?" Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Published ArticleThe changes brought about by global competitiveness place increasing pressure on local government to deliver more and better services to communities. To determine whether South Africa has benefited from globalisation per se in terms of improved performance, performance management in the South African local government needs to be investigated through benchmarking the prerequisites for such a system set, and an appraisal of the performance of local government in South Africa since 1994. Strategies for improved performances to be globally competitive will furthermore be advanced.
40
Gaillard, Brice. "La performance de l'action publique territoriale : étude sur l'appropriation des démarches de performance au niveau local." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0288/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La performance de l’action publique territoriale émerge comme un objectif intrinsèque àsa conduite même, en ce qu’elle cristallise des attentes en termes d’efficacité,d’efficience et de transparence qu’il n’est plus possible aujourd’hui d’occulter. Depuis ladécentralisation, l’action publique territoriale connaît une évolution parallèle etdifférenciée par rapport à l’action publique étatique en France. Alors que cette dernièreest entrée dans une phase d’appropriation nette de démarches de performance,notamment avec la LOLF, les collectivités territoriales, qui conduisent l’action publiqueterritoriale, ont connu une évolution à la fois similaire et distincte.En effet, l’action publique territoriale apparaît elle aussi marquée par une évolution assezprononcée vers une plus grande intégration des démarches de performance.Néanmoins, cette appropriation est spécifique, dans la mesure où elle ne repose pas surla même logique systémique. Une étude des différents facteurs de performance, qu’ils’agisse des acteurs, des cadres budgétaires et légaux en vigueur, ou del’environnement des collectivités territoriales, démontre une prise en compte largementincomplète, quoiqu’en net progrès, des logiques de performance.Cette étude factorielle explique les différences d’appropriation majeures constatablesentre différentes collectivités. De l’ensemble de ces analyses découlent finalement desleviers à actionner qui permettraient indubitablement une meilleure appropriation desdémarches de performance par les collectivités territoriales et ainsi la mise en oeuvred’une action publique territoriale plus pertinente, répondant mieux aux attentesassignéesGrowing expectations about effectivness, efficiency and transparency of territorial publicaction cannot be undermined any more. Performance of territorial public authorities hasmerged into an intrinsic and decisive goal.Since the beginning of the decentralization process in France, national public action andterritorial public action have been through simultaneous but different evolutions. At statelevel, the 2001’s « LOLF » bill step was a landmark, and authorities have definitely copewith performance approach. Meanwhile, local authorities went to such a process,following their own ways.Territorial public authorities clearly evolved and made performance approaches theirown. However, without needs for a global systemic logic, their ownership processpatterns are different.A study of different performance criteria (such as actors, legal and budgetaryframeworks, and local authorities’ environnements) brings evidence that, despiteundeniable progress, use of performance approaches is quite uncomplete at local level.This factorial study explains noticeable differences between local authorities. Some ofthem are using performance standards in a more global way than others. Accordingly,this study helps to determine levers to encourage a better and quicker emergence of amore relevant territorial public action, therefore meeting assigned expectations
41
Micheli, Pietro. "Drivers and purposes of performance measurement : an exploratory study in English local public sector services." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation focuses on the interactions between local public sector organisations
and institutions in the development of performance measurement (PM) targets and
indicators. The research is grounded in the performance measurement and management
literature and adopts a joint new institutional and resource dependence perspective.
Empirically, the research, which is qualitative and theory-building, consists of case
studies undertaken in local public sector organisations in England. The iterative
comparison of theory and data has enabled the investigation of a number of relevant
themes.
In the last decade, the British Government has placed great emphasis on the consistency
of objectives, targets and indicators from national to local levels with the aim of
enhancing performance, transparency and accountability, and of driving behavior.
However, this research shows that the influence of several organizations and the co-
existence of various PM initiatives generate confusion and overlaps locally. Moreover,
in the cases considered the unmanageable number of indicators and the lack of clarity
regarding the drivers and purposes of PM have led to confused massages and counter-
productive approaches to the measurement and management of performance.
From a theoretical view-point, the favourable comments expressed by interviewees regarding the current PM regime contrast with critics of New Public Management.
Furthermore, legitimacy-seeking and efficiency-enhancing rationals have emerged as
intertwined and loosely coupled. This is in opposition to what is maintained by early
new institutional theorists. In line with resource dependence theory, PM systems were
found to be significant components of power systems in organisations.
Through the examination of the roles of PM and the investigation of relevant concepts
such as 'golden thread' and performance culture, this research aims to make an impact
on policy-making and to improve the ways in which targets and indicators are set and
used, hence having a positive effect on the services delivered.
42
Rodrigo, K. R. S. "Fixed point performance approximations for slotted ring networks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research is twofold - the first objective being to develop Markovian models that can be used to analyze the performance of the various medium access control protocols of slotted ring type local area networks.
43
Wijaya, Andy Fefta, and wija0002@flinders edu au. "Water as a Public Good in Indonesia: An evaluation of water supply service performance in an Indonesian water supply enterprise as a means to address social and environmental justice concerns." Flinders University. Flinders Institute of Public Policy and Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060522.144632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A water supply service can be seen as a public or private good, but this thesis
makes the argument that water is vital for society and so to ensure accountability it is
important that water governance includes citizens' participation for social and
environmental justice concerns. Public goods are generally defined as goods and
services that are provided by 'means of public policy' (Lane, 1993, p. 21), or
'collective political choice' (Stretton & Orchard, 1994, p. 54) rather than by means of
an individual market mechanism in which private goods are usually provided.
This thesis addresses the function of water as a public good. If social and
environmental goals of water use are ignored, the implications can be detrimental
particularly for the poorest members of society. An organization's goal effectiveness
is usually related to its success in achieving desired outcomes of the organization's
goals through a systemic management interaction across organizational aspects at the
input, process, output, and outcome/impact stages. This thesis argues an evaluation
model of performance measurement can be developed to reflect the characteristics of
a public good for a water supply utility, and this model of performance measurement
can assist in addressing issues of social and environmental justice.
Harris et al argue that better governance can only be achieved by working for
democracy in multiple arenas (Harriss, Stokke, & Tornquist, 2004, pp. 7-8). This
study considers multidimensional performance measures taking on board the values of
many stakeholders with different backgrounds. It 'unfolds' and 'sweeps in' in many
dimensions in an attempt at systemic representation (Ulrich, 1983, p. 169). McIntyre-
Mills states that 'service need to reflect the values of the users and for this to occur the users need to participate in and decide on policy design and governance'
(McIntyre-Mills, 2003, p. 14). Performance measurement systems can be used to
detect a gap between services supplied by providers and various needs demanded by
stakeholders.
The thesis develops an outcome performance measurement model for
evaluating social equity and environmental justice concerns. It draws on and adapts
four performance measurement models of the International Water Association, World
Bank, Indonesian Home Affairs Department and Indonesian Water Supply Enterprise
Association.
A complementary combined method was developed that addresses qualitative
and quantitative governance concerns as they perform to water supply performance
problems. Three research methods were used, namely the case study, survey and
focus group discussion for collecting qualitative and quantitative data from the three
governance sectors. These were triangulated. Five research tools in the case study
method were used for collecting information from stakeholders in the three
governance sectors including interview, personal communication or email, document
analysis, direct observation and documentation. The survey was used to investigate
431 respondents from three case study locations in Cinusa1 city, and the two focus
groups were conducted in the city's water supply company management for
discussing problems of water supply performance as summarized from the survey.
The locus of this study was concentrated in the Cinusa city jurisdiction area,
and the focus was the performance problem of the water supply company in Cinusa
during 2001-2004. However, a comparative study of water supply performance
nationally and internationally is presented for analyzing relative performance gaps.This research evaluates interconnections among cost inefficiency, tariff
escalation and other non-financial performances: water supply quantity, quality,
continuity and pressure. Inefficient costs because of corrupt, collusive and nepotistic
practices in this Indonesian water supply company implicate cost burdens in the
company and prevent this water local public enterprise perform its social and
environmental missions. The Cinusa local government as the owner of this local
public enterprise and the Cinusa local parliament hold a monopoly power in some
important decisions related to this local public enterprise, including tariff policy,
senior management positions and the total amount of profit share paid to the local
government. Such customers from lower income household instead of being
subsidized as specified in the national regulation are paying at a profitable tariff and
subsidizing this enterprise's inefficiency and the government's locally generated
revenue.
The inefficiency alongside the profit sharing policy also weakens this
enterprise's capacity to invest and improve its service performances. Improving the
service performance is essential for current and potential customers and could also
benefit the society economically, socially and environmentally, besides being of
economic benefit to the enterprise itself. Securing public health concerns and
groundwater preservations can be conducted by improving the accessibility, the
availability and the reliability of water quality, quantity, pressure and continuity.
This research presents an evaluation model for improving the accountability of
water supply by means of performance management tool and it makes policy
recommendations.
44
Masoga, Morongwa Virgina. "The impact of performance management on Moletele Communal Property Association's performance at Maruleng Local Municipality of the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2013Recent changes in the allocation of land through the results of land redistribution have compelled members of communities to form committees, that is, Communal Property Associations (CPAs) that would be responsible for managing the claimed land. The Maruleng Local Municipality was not excluded from this process. Five of the CPAs have been formed under the above mentioned municipality to manage claimed land. The research investigated the impact of performance management on the Moletele CPA’s performance at Maruleng Local Municipality of the Limpopo Province. The management of Moletele CPA was not without challenges, problems such as lack of resources, adequate training programmes, lack of clear policy and objectives were also found in the study. This research also seeks to investigate why Moletele CPA is performing better than the other CPAs in the municipality. In order to understand the total context of the challenges faced by Moletele CPA, an empirical research and interviews were conducted to collect data from the members of Moletele CPA. The findings of the study suggest that a lack of resources and relevant training programmes are contributing negatively towards the performance of the Moletele CPA in particular, and other CPAs in general. To conclude, the study revealed that performance management is not determined by one factor, but other challenges such as clarity of policies and cooperation amongst stakeholders also contribute towards the success of the Moletele CPA ;hence the recommendations made in chapter five.
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Feuerstein, Martin Jay. "Performance evaluation of a spread spectrum local area position location system /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-105749/.
Повний текст джерела
46
Huang, Yun-Hsuan, and 黃韻璇. "The Measurement of Local Governments’Administrative Performance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66688704538347845185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士義守大學
企業管理學系碩士班
98
As a democratic country, there are elections almost every year in Taiwan. The candidates often point out the achievements they have done to convince the voters. Unfortunately, most of the voters are unable to judge these achievements effectively. Therefore, how to set up a complete and objective mechanisms for evaluate these achievements becomes an interesting topic. This research tries to set up such appraisal model for evaluating the performance of local governor by utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Seven criteria usually counted seriously by the voters such as: medical treatment, public order, public security, welfare, finance, employment and economy are used as sub-criteria to analyze and to compare the performances of local governors. Public data from 1999-2008 of five counties in south Taiwan: Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung are used to illustrate the proposed appraisal model. Results show that Chiayi County in 2008 and Yunlin County in 2007 get best performance. Generally, the performance of Kaohsiung County and Pingtung County are relatively poor during 1999-2008. The results provide a guideline for the governors with poor performance; also provide a useful objective evaluation reference for the voters.
47
Zamesnik, Katharine Ann. "Local government performance measurement : a commentary." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance measurement is a management tool that provides governments with oversight and accountability for departments and activities underneath the government’s jurisdiction. It also allows governments to prioritize activities and pick between alternative strategies, using evidence-based decision-making. Local governments in the United States are turning to performance measurement to increase transparency and accountability to their stakeholders, the citizens. Yet, as performance measurement grows in popularity, the focus shifts from action-oriented analysis of measures to rote reporting. This paper examines the reasons why and explores solutions to the problem.text
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Pardinha, João Saraiva. "Key performance indicators em alojamento local." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O atual ambiente empresarial que se assiste no setor do turismo e, em
particular, ao nível do alojamento, é pautado pelo crescente nível de
competitividade, associado, tanto à proliferação do número de novos agentes
no mercado, como pelas constantes mudanças e níveis de exigência dos
novos consumidores turísticos.
Várias investigações enunciam o uso de informação e de key performance
indicators (KPIs) nos processos de tomada de decisão ao nível organizacional
como uma forma eficiente de dar resposta aos desafios colocados pelo
crescente ambiente competitivo.
Estas evidências são transversais a todos os negócios do subsetor do
alojamento, independentemente da sua dimensão ou tipologia. Assim, as
unidades de alojamento local (AL), que se caracterizam por serem
maioritariamente de pequena e média dimensão, não são exceção; pelo
contrário, a forte dinâmica registada por estas unidades no contexto nacional
tem evidenciado necessidades de informação específicas.
O presente estudo tem como objeto de investigação a avaliação do uso de
informação e, especificamente, de KPIs por parte de gestores-proprietários de
unidades de AL de pequena e média dimensão. A metodologia adotada para a
prossecução dos objetivos de investigação contemplou, numa primeira fase,
entrevistas exploratórias com peritos e, numa segunda fase, a disseminação
de um questionário online a gestores-proprietários de PMEs em AL.
Os resultados desta investigação consubstanciam um relevante contributo para
o setor, uma vez que se debruçam sobre uma temática que ainda se encontra
pouco explorada. Assim, conclui-se que os gestores de AL em Portugal
valorizam o acesso a informação pertinente e a indicadores de apoio à gestão
dos seus negócios, bem como, tendencialmente, recorrem a KPIs da relação
com o hóspede, de atividade/ operacionais e financeiros.The current business environment in the tourism industry and, in particular, in the lodging sector is driven by the increasing level of competitiveness associated with the boom of new players in the market, as well as the current changes and levels of demand of the new tourism consumers. Several previous studies highlight the use of information and key performance indicators (KPIs) at the organizational decision-making processes as efficient tools for thriving in the growing competitive environment. These evidences can be found throughout the tourism accommodation businesses regardless of their size or typology. Having said that, the local lodging, that usually are small and medium size units, are no exception; on the contrary, their role in the national context has shown specific information needs. The goal of this study is to assess the use of information and KPIs by the manager-owners of small and medium size local lodging units in Portugal. The methodological process comprised in the first place a set of exploratory interviews with experts and later on the dissemination of an online questionnaire to all manager-owners of small and medium size local lodging units in Portugal. The results of this investigation represent an important input to the sector since there is still little research on this matter. Thus, we concluded that managers of local lodging units in Portugal consider the access to information and specific indicators relevant for the management of their businesses. In particular, these managers tend to use more widely KPIs that depicts relationship with guests, KPIs that reflect the activity/ operation of the lodging units and also financial KPIs.
Mestrado em Gestão e Planeamento em Turismo
49
Shieng, Lie Gen, and 賴建順. "Performance Evaluation of Various Local-Area Ethernet." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84426958305625910448.
Повний текст джерела
50
Krumov, Lachezar. "Local Structures Determine Performance within Complex Networks." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/2321/2/WPM%242765.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Networks are ubiquitous. We as individuals are part of various social networks and each of us depends on multiple communication, traffic and supply networks in our everyday life. We are, however, still far from completely understanding and controlling those networks. Network motifs, few nodes (un)directed subgraphs, are a well-defined intermediate scale for characterizing the local structure of networks beyond the scope of single nodes. Motifs have so far been used only as a statistical measure. Their over- or under-representation in various networks has been related to specific topological function within those networks. This work investigates a so far unexplored perspective on complex networks. Namely, the relation between their motif content and the dynamic processes taking place on top of those networks. For this purpose, we project the dynamic output of a network back onto its topology and investigate weighted motifs while keeping the network topology intact. This approach is unique to this work and reveals a direct relation between the motif content and the output pattern of complex networks. We engage network motifs in two distinct ways. On the one side, as an analytical tool to examine already emerged networks. On the other side, as an active mechanism to adapt and improve human-made systems. A strong interplay is found between the local structures, the motif content, within a network and the dynamic performance of that network. Those new insights are used to develop a series of novel distributed topology control mechanisms. First, we use networks motifs as an analytical tool on a subclass of complex networks with large and easily accessible data sets: co-authorship networks. We address the question: Is there a relation between the citation frequencies of publications and the motifs they are involved in? Our analysis reveals a collaboration pattern much more successful than other collaboration patterns: the box motif, a closed chain of four authors. The box motif has the highest success measured as the average citation frequency per motif edge. Our findings are confirmed on two large data sets and on data snapshots over the past 20 years. Segregation seems to be the key to success: separation in time, rank and discipline are the major factors for the success of the box motif. An analytical generative model for co-authorship networks is introduced that can reproduce our findings and shreds light into the social factors shaping co-authorship networks. The revealed interplay between the motif content of complex networks and the dynamic processes taking place on those networks motivates a new perspective on distributed communication networks. We address the question: Instead to use network motifs just as a static analytical tool, is it possible to engage them in online decision rules to improve human-made systems? As a result we develop a novel topology control approach for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. Each peer steers its local motif content to a desired state. Consequently, the overall network properties of the P2P overlay shifts towards a desired property. Fair load balancing in the demonstrated cases. Our evaluation shows that the new approach highly improves the network while causing negligible messaging overhead. Motivated by our results, we address a more general question: Are network motifs indeed also suitable for topology control within heterogeneous networks, where nodes play different roles? We extend our distributed topology control mechanism to heterogeneous P2P overlays. A novel approach for constructing highly resilient P2P live streaming networks is introduced. The peers choose from a set of rules how to adapt their motif content. The new approach induces resilience comparable to the state of the art methods. However, the topology of the constructed networks is better balanced than those of existing methods, making the new approach better performant under normal circumstances. Most importantly, the new approach requires no network knowledge. Consequently, the new method is not only much faster, but it also provides much higher privacy to the participating peers. Attacks by malicious parties are practically impossible. No peer can determine neither its position, nor the position of any other peer within the network. In that sense, the new proposed approach clearly outperforms the state of the art. Our findings so far clearly show that one can understand or even actively change the dynamic performance of networks by looking at their local topology. It is natural to investigate the opposite perspective: Is it possible to deploy suitable dynamic processes on a network with no global network knowledge, in order to reveal its topology? Consequently, we impose a dynamic process on top of a network in order to determine critical topological constellations within the network. By deploying an extended gossiping protocol, we show how one can detect communication bottlenecks in distributed manner. Our novel approach clearly outperforms state of the art methods with respect to both, the precision of its results and its performance. Last but no least, it has a guarding mechanism against malicious peers trying to skew the network protocol. So far we have shown that specific local structures lead to specific network properties and performance. Finally, we argue that random graphs and their random local structures also have unexploited potential. They have become notorious in the recent years for being poor null models of real world networks. Nevertheless, they have topological properties highly desirable within any P2P overlay. We introduce a novel P2P overlay based on random graphs. This new overlay is the first one to support exhaustive search queries and exact key-value lookups within the same overlay. Our overlay is both, highly scalable and efficient, and performs at least as good as already established P2P overlays. Throughout this work we repeatedly show that analyzing networks on intermediate scale opens so far unexplored and very fruitful perspectives on complex networks. The introduced new methodology for distributed topology control, advocated through this work, is just one of those perspectives.