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1
Huang, Daquan, Han He, and Tao Liu. "The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Employment Multipliers in China’s Expanding Cities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the process of urbanization in developing countries, creating enough jobs to realize the transition from an agricultural population to a non-agricultural population is a major goal of development. The differences and localities of cities need to be considered in the policymaking process. This study estimated the local employment multipliers of expanding cities in China and calculated the employment multiplier of each city. First, there are obvious differences in the size of employment multipliers across cities; therefore, it is necessary to adopt different policies in employment promotion. Second, an inverted-U-shape relationship is detected between employment multiplier and city size, namely the larger the city, the greater the employment multiplier, but when the city size exceeds a certain value, the employment multiplier begins to decline. Third, different degrees of influence are generated by factors for cities at different levels of economic development. Based on the research results, we suggest that expansion of the trade sector be promoted in small- and medium-sized cities, to give full play to its employment multiplier effect; meanwhile, in large cities, the degree of specialization of the trade sector and diversification of the non-trade sector should be improved.
2
MACEDO, GUILHERME, and LEONARDO MONASTERIO. "Local multiplier of industrial employment: Brazilian mesoregions (2000-2010)." Revista de Economia Política 36, no. 4 (December 2016): 827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572015v36n04a09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT This paper estimates the local multiplier of manufacturing for Brazil (2000-2010). The method is based on (Moretti, 2010) and on (Moretti and Thulin, 2012), who estimated these multipliers for the U.S. and Sweden. The local multiplier of manufacturing estimates the impacts of employment changes in the industrial sectors on employment in the services sectors, and the impact of changes in employment in the high-tech and low-tech tradable sectors on employment in the services sectors. These estimates help to assess the importance of industrial employment changes over local economies. We created instrumental variables, based on the shift-share method. The employment data cover 21 economic subsectors and 123 regions in 2000, 2005 and 2010. We have estimated that in the Brazilian mesorregions, for each new job in the tradable sectors, almost four jobs were created locally in the services sectors. Additionally, each job in the high-tech industrial sectors was estimated to create approximately seven jobs in the services sectors over the long term.
3
Benedek, Zsófia, Imre Fertő, and Viktória Szente. "The Multiplier Effects of Food Relocalization: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The purchase of local food is often argued to stimulate local economies through multiplier effects; this argument is questioned in this paper. Methods: The ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Taylor and Francis Online, SpringerLink, AgECON, and Emerald databases were searched systematically. A complementary search in Google Scholar was also carried out. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2019 were identified using multiple search terms. Data about four types of multipliers (output, employment, income, and value-added multipliers) were extracted. Results: Twenty-four papers fit the criteria, allowing for a qualitative assessment only. Sixteen papers found unambiguously that an increase in demand for local food had a directly positive impact on local economies in some way; one paper found no impact at all. The papers were classified into three groups based on their focal areas: marketing channel-focused, farm enterprise-focused, and scenario/impact analysis-focused studies. In terms of the methods of analysis, three major approaches were identified: input–output models, assessments of descriptive statistics, and econometric analyses. Considerations related to the potential overestimation of current approaches are presented. Conclusions: The existence of employment and income multipliers seems to be more evident, while the impacts of output- and value-added multipliers depend more on the actual context. Research gaps are also identified.
4
Crompton, John L. "Economic Impact Analysis of Sports Facilities and Events: Eleven Sources of Misapplication." Journal of Sport Management 9, no. 1 (January 1995): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.1.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many sports events, facilities, and franchises are subsidized either directly or indirectly by investments from public sector funds. The scarcity of tax dollars has led to growing public scrutiny of their allocation; in this environment there is likely to be an increased use of economic impact analysis to support public subsidy of these events. Many of these analyses report inaccurate results. In this paper, 11 major contributors to the inaccuracy are presented and discussed. They include the following: using sales instead of household income multipliers; misrepresenting employment multipliers; using incremental instead of normal multiplier coefficients; failing to accurately define the impacted-area; including local spectators; failing to exclude “time-switchers” and “casuals;” using “fudged” multiplier coefficients; claiming total instead of marginal economic benefits; confusing turnover and multiplier; omitting opportunity costs; and measuring only benefits while omitting costs.
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Karyatun, Subur, Kadek Wiweka, Ramang H. Demolingo, Putu Pramania Adnyana, and Iffatunnisa Nurfikriyani. "TOURIST VILLAGE MULTIPLIER EFFECT STUDIES: SMALL SCALE APPROACH." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2020.6213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose of the Study: Tourism stakeholders and academics have begun to question the benefits of developing tourism in rural areas. This study aims to identify tourists, tourism entrepreneurs, and employees' characteristics and measure the multiplier effect for local communities in Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta. Specifically, this study measures income generation (direct, indirect, and induced), employment generation, and the multiplier effect of both.
Methodology: This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. Primary data collection was carried out by the non-participant observation method (for four months). While the technique of determining the sample size (100 tourists, 51 entrepreneurs, and 62 employee respondents) used is non-probability sampling, referring to the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%.
Main Findings: This study found that local entrepreneurs can be categorized as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data analysis results show that tourism village had an important economic impact for local communities with a Keynesian income multiplier effect value of 2.57, 1.74 for the Income multiplier type I ratio, and 2.23 for the type II. While the employment multiplier value is 0.0000041.
Implication/Applications: This study's results can answer doubts about the economic benefits received by local communities from the development of the Tourism Village.
The originality of the study: This study is the latest research, especially considering the implementation of the multiplier effect formula on a small scale. However, this study has some limitations, such as the sample area used (Desa Wisata Nglanggeran) and the context of the tourism impacts studied. Further research is expected to reach other tourist villages and expand its studies to environmental and socio-culture issues.
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Corbi, Raphael, Elias Papaioannou, and Paolo Surico. "Regional Transfer Multipliers." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 5 (November 27, 2018): 1901–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A series of discontinuities in the allocation mechanism of federal transfers to municipal governments in Brazil allow us to identify the causal effect of public spending on local labour markets, using a “fuzzy” Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). Our estimates imply a cost per job of about 8,000 US dollars per year and a local income multiplier around two. The effect comes mostly from employment in services and is more pronounced among less financially developed municipalities.
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Suryanata, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra. "Investment multiplier effect expands tourism destinations." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n2.606.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is aimed at discussing the investment multiplier effect expands tourism destinations. The main problem is how can multiplier investments in the tourism sector minimize unemployment in Junjungan Village, Ubud, Bali. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the existence of investments influences many of the social and economic life of the community, because there are so many benefits or benefits obtained by both the Gianyar government and the local community as an integral part of the tourism business on the island, both in the form of tax and assistance provided to local communities to improve the quality of life and also training in the human resources. The more investment in this village, it is expected to be able to open as wide employment opportunities as possible. Therefore, unemployment is minimized and public income is expected to continue increasing.
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Wiedermann, Krzysztof. "Koncepcja efektów mnożnikowych w wyznaczaniu wpływu przedsiębiorstw na otoczenie społeczno-gospodarcze." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 11 (January 1, 2008): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.11.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this paper is presentation of a method of calculating multiplier effects in order to determine the influence of enterprises on their environment. Emergence or development of economic activity in a given area may bring about an increase in income and employment in many other enterprises, as well as to an increase taxes collected by the local authority. This increase is labelled multiplier effects, and its value enables the evaluation of the enterprise’s activity on the functioning of neighbouring firms.In literature, the most frequently discussed types of multiplier effects are the supply and income effects. The first result from the demand created by the emerging and developing enterprises, which fosters the development of their goods and services suppliers. The second type, the income effects, result from the increase in purchasing power of the inhabitants, owing to the employees’ remuneration, and this means fostering the development of firms that satisfy consumers’ needs. These enterprises create greater demand themselves, thus triggering new cycles of multiplier effects.The calculation of created workplaces for the supply effects was conducted by using a designed algorithm. It allows calculating the new workplaces in the supplier firms on the bases of data concerning income of enterprises, participation of supply in the revenue, and employment-related costs. The growth of employment and payment is correlated with the increase in the income multiplier effects, generated by single enterprises. This work presents a scheme for calculation of new workplaces created as a result of new investments.
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Prakoso, Jalu Aji, Axel Giovanni, and Jihad Lukis Panjawa. "Spatial Patterns, Opportunities and Determinants of MSMEs Employment in Township." JEJAK 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v14i1.26406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research is divided into three sections that contribute to analyse the optimization of employment on large productive population in Magelang, First, to identify the spatial pattern and concentration based on MSME’s sector by considering comparative benefits. Secondly, to analyse the opportunity in its association with employments in MSMEs. Thirdly, the determinants of employment in MSMEs based on the field of industry, trading and service. This research employs quantitative approach by using Location Quotient and Economic Base Model as analysis for local and regional economic, as well as multiple linier regression analysis. The research indicates that each area demonstrates distinctive spatial pattern and concentration, in terms of industrial sector, trading and service. The opportunity for employment could be notified from basic employment and basic multiplier that exist in each area. There are certain areas that have high potential in new employments once the jobs are available in the sector of industry, trading and service. The determinants of employment of above three sectors have distinctive behaviour in responding the addition of new MSMEs and the addition of revenue. Hence, the appropriate stimulus could be formulated to optimize absorption of productive labour population based on the findings.
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Willis, K. G. "Spatially Disaggregated input-output Tables: An Evaluation and Comparison of Survey and Nonsurvey Results." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although nonsurvey input – output (I-O) models have been used to estimate the employment impact of particular industrial aid programmes and policies in terms of their multiplier effects, their accuracy is questionable. Nonsurvey 1 – 0 models are estimated for Wales and Staffordshire and compared with previously published surveyed 1 – 0 tables for these areas. Disaggregating national 1 – 0 tables by location quotients produced biased multiplier estimates when compared with survey results. Incorporating some local information and using constrained (for example, RAS) nonsurvey techniques improved the accuracy and correlation between survey and nonsurvey multiplier estimates. An appreciation of the bias involved in different nonsurvey techniques should allow planners to evaluate the impact of economic events more accurately.
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Hall, Charles R., Alan W. Hodges, Hayk Khachatryan, and Marco A. Palma. "Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 20181." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-38.3.73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The economic contributions of the green industry in the United States were estimated for 2018 using information on industry employment and wages, and economic multipliers from a U.S. IMPLAN economic model. Direct industry output for all sectors was estimated at $159.57 billion (B), and total output contributions, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of export sales, were $348.08 B. The total value added contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $190.98 B, including labor income contributions of $121.55 B, other property income contributions of $16.01 B and business taxes paid to local, state and federal governments of $25.84 B. The industry had direct employment of 1,599,662 fulltime and part-time individuals, and total employment contributions of 2,315,357 jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and GDP contributions were landscaping and horticultural services (1,460,669 jobs, $221.89 B), greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production (217,574 jobs, $28.69 B), and lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores (292,614 jobs, $43.80 B). The top ten states in terms of employment contributions were California (264,913 jobs), Florida (203,482), Texas (161,151), Ohio (90,406), Pennsylvania (90,075), New York (90,266), Illinois (87,595), North Carolina (78,766), Michigan (77,719), and Georgia (66,527). Since 2013, green industry contributions in 2018 increased by 16.2% for employment and 17.3% for GDP in inflation-adjusted terms. Growth in the industry was highest for wholesale and retail trade, while production and manufacturing declined. Although the green industry has grown slowly in recent years, it remains an important contributor to national, state and local economies. Index words: Sales, industry output, employment, value added, Gross Domestic Product, production, manufacturing, landscaping services, wholesale, retail, lawn and garden product line.
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Jablonski, B. B. R., T. M. Schmit, and D. Kay. "Assessing the Economic Impacts of Food Hubs on Regional Economies: A Framework that Includes Opportunity Cost." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 1 (April 2016): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of food hubs—businesses that aggregate and distribute local food—in the United States is growing, fueled in part by increasing public support. However, there have been few data-driven assessments of the economic impacts of these ventures. Using an input-output-based methodology and a unique data set from a successful food hub, we measure net and gross impacts of a policy supporting their development. We estimate a gross output multiplier of 1.75 and an employment multiplier of 2.14. Using customer surveys, we estimate that every $1 increase in final demand for food hub products generates a $0.11 reduction in purchases in other sectors.
13
Sabal, Jhon Louie B., and Ma Kresna Navarro-Mansueto. "A Snapshot of the Crisis of COVID-19: Estimate of the Employment Impact Due to Lockdowns in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines." Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications 02, no. 02 (December 2021): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2689980921500068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a national health crisis, the local government of the Cagayan de Oro City (CDOC) did not implement total lockdown. The COVID-19 Adjustment Measure Program adopted by the local government probably affected the April 2020 Labor Force Survey that showed that Region 10 posted an employment rate of 88.9%, which is higher than the national average of 82.3% (Department of Labor and Employment, Region Office No. X (DOLE-X). NorMin secures highest employment rate amid COVID 19. 2020. Available from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1044898 [Accessed 9th May 2021]). Despite the regional figure being 6.6 percentage points higher than the national one, there is a decrease in employed persons by around 400,000 from 2.302 million persons employed in April 2019 to 1.883 million in April 2020 (Department of Labor and Employment, Region Office No. X (DOLE-X). NorMin secures highest employment rate amid COVID 19. 2020. Available from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1044898 [Accessed 9th May 2021]). Hence, the study determines the effect of COVID-19 protective measures implemented by the government on the economy of CDOC. Using the barangay-level and selected sectoral-level data on business registration, and employment data between 2010 and 2019, the study estimates that one-week lockdown means a ₱1,825 loss of income for a minimum-wage employee. One-month lockdown costs ₱7,300 foregone income, while one-quarter lockdown (or a half of six months) is equivalent to ₱21,900 income loss. We recommend 10 policy interventions, but the government should also think big and invest its resources into programs that create a multiplier effect on the economy. Multipliers are interventions that create ripples or positive impacts on other sectors and/or economic participants.
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Hodges, Alan W., Charles R. Hall, Marco A. Palma, and Hayk Khachatryan. "Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2013." HortTechnology 25, no. 6 (December 2015): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.6.805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economic contributions of the green industry in the United States were estimated for 2013 using information on industry output, value added, employment and domestic/international exports, retail sector lawn and garden product sales, and economic multipliers from Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) regional economic models for each state. Direct industry output for all sectors was estimated at $136.44 billion (B), and total output contributions, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of export sales, were $196.07 B. The total value-added contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) was $120.71 B, including labor income contributions of $82.47 B, other property income contributions of $28.91 B and business taxes paid to local, state, and federal governments of $9.30 B. The industry had direct employment of 1,599,662 full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment contributions of 2,035,636 jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and GDP contributions were landscaping and horticultural services (1,105,526 jobs, $54.70 B); greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (240,809 jobs, $20.36 B); and lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores (217,798 jobs, $12.87 B). The top 10 states in terms of employment contributions were California (245,267 jobs), Florida (197,073), Texas (149,364), Ohio (77,664), Pennsylvania (77,569), Illinois (76,254), New York (73,676), North Carolina (72,014), Georgia (64,066), and Michigan (63,189). Green industry contributions represented 0.72% of U.S. GDP and 1.11% of total workforce employment, and it contributed over 1.0% of GDP in five states, and over 1.25% of employment in 10 states. Employment contributions averaged 0.6 jobs/mile2 of land area and 6.4 jobs per 1000 persons in the U.S. population, while GDP contributions averaged $34,176/mile2 and $382 per capita. Since 2007–08, green industry contributions in 2013 increased by 4.4% for employment and 2.7% for GDP in inflation-adjusted terms. Growth in the industry was highest for wholesale and retail trade, whereas production and manufacturing declined. Although the green industry has grown slowly in recent years, it remains an important contributor to national, state, and local economies.
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Bergman, Nittai K., Rajkamal Iyer, and Richard T. Thakor. "The Effect of Cash Injections: Evidence from the 1980s Farm Debt Crisis." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 11 (February 7, 2020): 5092–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract What is the effect of cash injections during financial crises? Exploiting county-level variation arising from random weather shocks during the 1980s Farm Debt Crisis, we analyze and measure the effect of local weather-driven cash flow shocks on the real and financial sectors. We show that such cash flow shocks significantly affect a host of economic outcomes, including land values, loan delinquency rates, the probability of bank failure, employment, and wages. Estimates of the effect of local cash flow shocks on county income levels during the financial crisis yield a multiplier of 1.63.
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Kryukov, Valerij A., Nikita I. Suslov, and Miron A. Yagolnitser. "AN APPROACH TO FORM A CONCEPT OF COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OF ASIAN RUSSIA: FROM PROBLEMS THROUGH PROJECTS TO SCENARIOS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-3-1-3-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article both economic development problems of the Asian Russia, and their resource potential are discussed including mineral resources, forests, bio-resources, and geographic areas having strategic importance. Asignificant part of Asian Russia is situated in the permafrost and Arcticzones with sever climate, which both makes costlier local production and raises environmental risks. Poor development level and connectivity should be additionally mentioned which hinsumcreatesadem and to prepare and to use new approaches to projection of development of its socio-economic system. The theoretical basis for a methodological approach to the formation of scenarios for the development of Asian Russia based on the concept of the "big push", are substantiated. A methodology for assessing the multiplier effect of inter-industry interaction of the mineral resource sector on other sectors of the economy, based on the use of multivariate econometric models, is proposed. Using the proposed methodology, the multipliers of the impact of the mineral sector on GDP and employment were calculated.
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Chong, Kar Yee, and Ann Selvaranee Balasingam. "Tourism sustainability: economic benefits and strategies for preservation and conservation of heritage sitesin Southeast Asia." Tourism Review 74, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-11-2017-0182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThis paper aims to provide empirical insights about the economic benefits as well as the useful strategies to preserve and conserve heritage sites in Southeast Asia. The benefits of heritage tourism include high tourist arrivals and receipts, the multiplier effects within the industry and creation of employment opportunities for the local community.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used systematic literature review of secondary data to discover the benefits and strategies for preserving and conserving heritage sites. The data were obtained from peer-review journals, documentary analysis, industrial report, working paper and books.FindingsThis paper provides empirical insights about the economic benefits as well as the useful strategies to preserve and conserve heritage sites in Southeast Asia. The benefits of heritage tourism include high tourist arrivals and receipts, the multiplier effects within the industry and creation of employment opportunities for the local community. The strategies proposed include stakeholder collaboration and involvement, stakeholder empowerment and the adaptive reuse approach.Practical implicationsThis research is useful for sites’ managers as local stakeholders are highly motivated in participating in the decision-making process on the future development of heritage sites. Involving and empowering stakeholders in heritage management programs increase the stakeholders’ values and willingness to participate in heritage preservation program. In addition, the implementation of adaptive reuse approach enables the conservation of heritage originality and values.Originality/valueThis paper has discovered three benefits and three strategies toward positive heritage management. Stakeholders’ involvement and collaboration is the easiest way to promote heritage management programs and empower stakeholders. Finally, adaptive reuse program is the hardest approach, but the most beneficial approach in maintaining the value and rejuvenating the heritage sites.
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Hodges, Alan W., Charles R. Hall, and Marco A. Palma. "Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08." HortTechnology 21, no. 5 (October 2011): 628–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.5.628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.
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Habiyaremye, Alexis, and Evans Mupela. "How effective is local beneficiation policy in enhancing rural income and employment? The case of agro-processing beneficiation in Tzaneen, South Africa." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 4 (June 2019): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219857037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Confronted with a sluggish growth and very high rates of rural unemployment, South Africa has put local beneficiation at the core of its strategy for employment-intensive re-industrialisation. Its industrial policy action plan identified agro-processing as one of the priority areas for this strategy because of its potential employment multiplier in rural areas. Despite the appeal of its industrialisation potential, beneficiation strategy is often contested and its effectiveness as a viable engine of industrialisation in African countries is recurrently questioned. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of the income and employment effects of an agro-processing beneficiation programme launched by the Department of Science and Technology for the processing of abundant mango harvest in the area of Tzaneen in Limpopo province. Using inverse probability weighting estimation on a sample of 385 households residing in and around the beneficiation target area, we find clear positive income effects of the agro-processing project for the beneficiary households. The success of this project in the domestic and international agro-processing markets suggests that local beneficiation strategy can provide a sound basis for rural industrialisation if adequately prepared.
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Macdonald, Rhona L., and J. K. Swales. "The Local Employment Impact of a Hypermarket: A Modified Multiplier Analysis Incorporating the Effect of Lower Retail Prices." Regional Studies 25, no. 2 (April 1991): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343409112331346367.
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李, 雪增. "Research of Employment Multiplier Effect Based on Shift-Share Method—The Impact of Manufacture Sector on Local Service Sector." Sustainable Development 10, no. 05 (2020): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sd.2020.105093.
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Glasson, John, Dominique van Der Wee, and Brendan Barrett. "A Local Income and Employment Multiplier Analysis of a Proposed Nuclear Power Station Development at Hinkley Point in Somerset." Urban Studies 25, no. 3 (June 1988): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420988820080331.
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Stöver, Britta. "The regional significance of university locations in Lower Saxony." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 78, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rara-2020-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractUniversities are important economic actors and make a considerable impact on the demand and supply side of their local economies. The aim of this paper is to quantify, compare and classify the different economic demand-and supply-side contributions of the university locations within Lower Saxony (Germany) using a combination of multiplier analysis and spatial econometrics on a NUTS 3 level. In comparison to numerous other studies, this paper does not focus on the economic impact of individual cases or a selected university location but gives a complete picture of the importance and significance of all university locations within Lower Saxony. The income-induced direct and indirect demand effects are estimated using a rich data set of higher education statistics in combination with an income and employment multiplier derived from a regional input-output table. The supply-side effects, i.e. the impact of the education and research outcomes, are estimated with the help of spatial panel regressions, a model derived from human capital theory and knowledge spillover theory. The estimation results give a complete and reproducible impression of the importance and significance of the different university locations, offering the opportunity for comparisons and classifications.
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Durand, Jorge, Emilio A. Parrado, and Douglas S. Massey. "Migradollars and Development: A Reconsideration of the Mexican Case." International Migration Review 30, no. 2 (June 1996): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000202.
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Economic arguments, quantitative data, and ethnographic case studies are presented to counter popular misconceptions about international labor migration and its economic consequences in Mexico. The prevailing view is that Mexico-U.S. migration discourages autonomous economic growth within Mexico, at both the local and national levels, and that it promotes economic dependency. However, results estimated from a multiplier model suggest that the inflow of migradollars stimulates economic activity, both directly and indirectly, and that it leads to significantly higher levels of employment, investment, and income within specific communities and the nation as a whole. The annual arrival of around $2 billion migradollars generates economic activity that accounts for 10 percent of Mexico's output and 3 percent of its Gross Domestic Product.
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Jones, Richard C. "Migrant agency and community structure: Competing explanations for economic decline in migrant sending communities of rural central Mexico." Migration Letters 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i2.101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In response to Giddens' structuration theory, this study attempts to unravel the linkages between migration and local economic growth by moving beyond the household to the community level of analysis, and by considering lagged relationships over several years. The case study -24 towns in central Zacatecas, Mexico-concludes that remittances from US migration play an ambiguous role, providing basic income but at the same time resulting in more expenditures outside the community, which results in a lower multiplier effect and lower growth rates (measured by population growth). The reason for the externalization of expenditures is not so much the migration experience itself, as the socio-economic structure of sending communities, including their small populations and poor employment structures, which put overwhelming constraints on their growth and development.
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Gisty Ajeng Septami, Pyan Putro Surya Amin Muchtar, and Irfan Teguh Prima. "OVERVIEWING EAST JAVA’S MARITIME ECONOMIC POTENTIAL: INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS." East Java Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.53572/ejavec.v1i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
East Java marine resources play important role as development assets and have enormous opportunities for generating economic growth. The main potential includes 11 subsectors reinforced by the role of this province as a center of logistics and connectivity of the Eastern Indonesia Region (KIT). Realizing such potential, both central and local governments intensively attract investors to invest funds into the maritime sector in East Java. The study also attempts to deliberate the impact of investment in the maritime sector on the East Java economy in particular and Indonesia in general. The impact includes economic growth, society’s welfare, and employment. This study uses Input-Output Table of East Java Province 2008 published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data is quantitatively employed to find the linkage and impact multiplier of the investment. The results of this study indicate that the investment in the maritime sector induces economic growth of East Java by 11%, which also rises people income and employment rate. With the contribution of East Java to the national economy, which is about 15%, the investment will also contribute to boost the national economy.
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Singh, Alok. "Perspective of Developer, Buyer, Financier and Equity Participants in Real Estate Project Development Process in India: An important constituent of Construction Industry." International Journal of Management Excellence 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v8i2.886.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The real estate project development is an important constituent of construction industry. The other important constituent of construction industry is infrastructure development. The construction industry drives and impacts many other industries and has a substantial multiplier effect on various sectors and hence on economic output as well as on employment scenarios. This article discusses multiplier effect of construction industry on few of the important economic indicators and further focuses on real estate project development process. The real estate project development process starts from land acquisition to sales and marketing. The internal stakeholders in real estate project development process are real estate developers, real estate buyers and the real estate financers. The paper discusses alternatives for real estate developers, the opportunistic schemes for real estate buyers, and the role of portfolio of financing agencies as well as the role of multitudes of equity participants. It also describes about the regulatory institutions active in real estate project development and promotion process. The real estate projects are developed by organized real estate project developer as well as by unorganized real estate project developers or local builders. This article contributes regarding the challenges and opportunities among the real estate buyers, real estate developers, portfolio of financial schemes offered by real estate financers and the opportunities for real estate equity participants.
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Kulshreshtha, Surendra N. "Economic impacts of selected forestry practices on the economy of northwest Saskatchewan." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74617-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge of economic impacts for local (sub-provincial) economies is important for decisions related to forest dependent communities. Although estimation of economic impacts of forest management practices at the provincial level has been a subject of past studies, such has not been the case for a sub-provincial economy within Saskatchewan. In this study, economic impacts of forest operations on the economy of northwest Saskatchewan is examined using a regional input-output model. The study model was developed using non-survey methods, and was used for estimating economic and employment impacts of alternative uses of forest resources in the region, ranging from silviculture and logging to wood processing. Results suggest that regional multiplier levels are smaller than those for the provincial level, which may in part be due to larger leakages resulting from a less than full integration of the forest industries with the industrial fabric of the region. Furthermore, various options examined differed considerably in terms of regional and provincial impacts. As an example, total employment created in the region by woodpulp production was 2.87 workers per million dollar of sales compared to 11.6 workers per million dollar of fire protection expenditures. Among various alternative harvesting methods examined in this study, harvesting by the "cut and skid" method led to the highest economic stimulation of the local economy. Among other options, loading activities led to higher economic impact, followed by silviculture, fire protection, and sawmilling.
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Krivašonoka, Inita. "LOCAL FOOD PROCUREMENT TENDENCIES IN LATVIA." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4175.
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The OECD has emphasized that regions need to boost their growth by placing local resources and means in circulation in order to benefit from their competitive advantages. It encourages the search and analysis of those regional key factors that are driving development in the regions. Local authorities can boost their region with the use of territorial capital and the promotion of entrepreneurship. One of the ways how to do this is to buy food from local producers. Giving preference to local suppliers, even if it means spending a little more, can actually benefit a region’s finances. When local governments spend their money on locally owned firms, those firms in turn rely on and generate local supply chains, creating an “economic multiplier” effect. Each additional dollar that circulates locally boosts local economic activity, employment and, ultimately, tax revenue. In Latvia, since 2014, attention has been focused on increasing the consumption of local food. Improvements in regulatory enactments have been made, which stipulate that green public procurement criteria should be used in food procurement, where one of the criteria, the supply distance, directly contributes to this aim by giving preference to the local producers. The research aim is to analyze the data of local government food procurements carried out in Latvia from 2010 to 2018 and to evaluate the share of local suppliers in these procurements. The food procurement winners were divided into four groups: agricultural producers, food processing companies, wholesale companies and retail companies. The study evaluates how each group's share in total food purchases varies over the years, and how procurement volumes vary depending on the winner's belonging to the one of the groups previously defined. Such an analysis shows the proportion of local producers in procurement, but does not fully reflect on the volume of local production, as it is not possible to obtain data on the share of production which producer purchased from others to provide the necessary volumes of food, and there is no data on the origin of products supplied by wholesalers. The following research methods were employed to carry out the present research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the monographic method, statistical analysis and the graphic method.
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Romeo Asa, Asa, Bianca Tjizumaue, Harold Campbell, and Johanna Pangeiko Nautwima. "The Impact of Tourism Development on the Local Communities in Namibia." International Journal of Operations Management 2, no. 2 (January 2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.22.4001.
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This article aims to identify and explain the current challenges being faced due to the impact of tourism development on the local communities in Namibia. The State touts Tourism’s socio-cultural benefits through its respective line ministries as highly significant towards the development and economic growth, as articulated in the current National Development Plan (NDP5). ”… The tourism industry is an important contributor to the generation of foreign exchange earnings, investments, revenue, employment, rural development, poverty reduction, and the growth of the country’s economy. Tourism also creates substantial direct and peripheral benefits because of its multiplier effect, based on its reliance on widespread supplies and services” ((NPC), 2017). The Foreign-exchange earnings and balance of payment benefits derived from tourism receipts are considered a double-edged sword. The money spent by tourists in the Namibian economy is significant. Tourism can have both negative and positive impacts on the local community. This desk research found an appalling concern for many developing countries to over-depend on tourism to pursue economic growth and development. It is argued that this serves as a demonstration of how tourism development elevates the prices related to real estate and general costs of goods and services, which eventually leads to inflation. Finally, we assume that self-efficacy positively influences the involvement of local communities in tourism development which has positive implications on their quality of life regarding social and economic bearings. Additionally, local communities should be more supportive and instead have a positive attitude towards tourism development, thus resulting in a more profitable tourism sector. In concluding, the authors viewed that the government should also ensure that the local people are well informed about the importance of tourism, how it impacts economic development and the realization of a sustainable tourism strategy for Namibia.
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Leonidova, E. G. "IMPROVING TOURIST INFORMATION SUPPORT OF REGIONAL TOURISM." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (October 7, 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2018-3-18-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism is one of the factors influencing the socio-economic development of the region. It is able to have a multiplier effect on the economy, contributing to the flow of funds to the regional budget, increasing employment, and expanding production of goods and services of local producers. In Russia tourism is underdeveloped and does not make a significant contribution to the economy despite its high resource potential. One of significant reasons for such a situation is lack of information in this sphere, which affects the quality of management by regional authorities. The purpose for the research is to improve the information support of regional tourism which is considered as an internal factor in the region’s socio-economic development. The research is based on general scientific methods of comparison, generalization, analysis, and synthesis. The informational framework includes works by regional economists in methodological and practical management of domestic tourism development, as well as statistical data of state statistics services, the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), WTTC. The article analyzes the state of information support in Vologda Oblast.
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DR. AHAM IKWUMEZIE, PROF. COSMAS C. ALUGBUO, DR. (MRS.) CHIGOZIE UGOCHUKWU OKORO, and DR. POLYCAP IGBOJIEKWE. "Measuring the contribution of specific cultural festival to growth of Nigeria’s GDP through average tourists spending." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourists spending behaviours play major role in the potential of cultural festival to create forward linkage with other indicators of the gross domestic product (GDP). This study focused on evaluating tourists spending behaviour on the different types of cultural festivals in Nigeria to determine their direct, indirect and induced effect on each naira of direct sales and number of jobs supported. A total of 9,984 respondents were surveyed across six states (1,664 in each state). We employed Stynes fairly complete micro-computer-based system for estimating economic impacts of recreation and tourism; and the money generating model (MGM) in the data analysis, to estimate the direct and total sales, marginal earning on each naira (income) and employment effects of tourists’ spending on state and local government revenues. At α = 0.79 we found that earning on each naira of tourist spending at the Igue cultural festival Benin city, the Riye musical festival Abeokuta, the Ofala cultural festival Onitsha, Calabar carnival, Calabar, the Kwagh hir Masquerade festival Makurdi and the Arugungun fishing festival Gusau in that order added 61 kobo, 61 kobo, 62 kobo, 89 kobo, 30 kobo and 30kobo respectively in secondary effect or induced effect. In the same order, the multiplier effect of the spending supported 2 local jobs; 2,700 local jobs; 400 local jobs; 27,000 local jobs; 15 local jobs and 21,850 local jobs respectively in the respective states. The study recommends the need to measure tourists spending within well defined categories to identify not only the kinds of products and services being purchased and the types of businesses directly receiving these funds but to also identify the sectors receiving the spending. This is important as it ties changes in tourists spending to a regional economic model.
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Roussakis, Emmanuel N., and Dimitrios D. Thomakos. "International banking: its role in Florida's economy at the outset of the twenty-first century." Cuadernos de difusión 6, no. 11 (December 30, 2001): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2001.v6n11.01.
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One of the most remarkable economic developments of the 1970s for the State of Florida was its emergence in the international financial world. Florida's economy, which until then was essentially relying on tourism, agriculture and the construction industry, began during the 1970s to gradually acquire a new dimension--international banking. Florida's proximity to Central and South American markets, its bilingual population, and the promulgation by the state of international banking legislation have all contributed to Miami's emergence--both nationally and internationally--as a specialized Latin American banking center. With international banking a major financial activity, its impact is felt throughout the Florida economy. Employment and office expenditures have a direct effect on local income. However, the total economic impact of international banking activities on the local economy is even more important when the multiplier effect of all direct and indirect expenditures associated with international banking is factored in. The purpose of this study is to describe the size and composition of international banking activities in Miami and to identify the effects of these activities for Miami-Dade County and, more broadly, for the Florida economy. To quantify this information a survey was undertaken in February 2000 among banking institutions in Miami-Dade. * Although other financial institutions, such as security firms, provide international services, this survey was limited to commercial banks and Edge Act corporations.
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Puri, Janak. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Wildlife Tourism in Kasara, Chitwan." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 2, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v2i1.26746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism is considered as one of the largest and fastest developing sectors of the world. Its high growth and development rates bring considerable volumes of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure development, employment generation, regional development, economic multiplier effects and introduction between host and guest peoples experience actively affect various sectors of society, which can positively affected to the social and economic development. However the tourism also generates a number of other negative socio-economic impacts on local communities. This study considers the mainly socio-economic impacts on local community trough tourism development in Kasara. The study is focused to identify the social and economic impacts on local community and their perception towards the tourism. The study is adapted the qualitative methodology and the data is generated through primary and secondary source, personal interviews, discussions and social interaction. The study identified that community has developed positive attitudes about the tourism development and the community is accepted tourism as a major income source through active and passive participations. As usually the tourism has generated both positive and negative impacts in the society. However, the negative impacts are at a minimum level when compare with the positive impacts. The social tradition, culture and human behaviour exchange between host guest interactions. The tourism revitalizes the culture and sometime declines the culture of the host country. The tourism helps to develop the livelihood of the people and can earn money from the different business and cultural activities. Community empowerment and their capacity building are highly important in this context.
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Kishnani, Namrata, and Vivek Sharma. "Digitalizing Wildlife Tourism in Madhya Pradesh for Sustainable Value Creation." SDMIMD Journal of Management 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2022/29569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wildlife Tourism has gained significant recognition in last decade from both officials and researchers for the multiplier effect it creates, contributing to employment generation and entrepreneurship for the local community and conservation of biodiversity in local corridors. However the tourism activities remained regionally centred due to low awareness and distances until intervention of ICT tools and infrastructure. The aim of the study is to study the relationship between digitalization and wildlife tourism in generating sustainable value for its stakeholders. The study draws valuable inputs from existing literature and responses from 170 respondents through Google forms and conducting telephonic semi-structured interviews of stakeholders from wildlife tourism to study the intervening role of digitalization on wildlife tourism in Madhya Pradesh. The findings reveal the inevitable role of digital technologies like smart phones, social media, and websites and so on at various stages of decision making from selecting or exploring a destination, preference of channel for booking a holiday, tourism products and satisfaction. The advent of Pandemic covid-19 is anticipated to bring several transformations within the industry creating a spurt in digital and sustainable solutions in tourism industry. The study throws light on changing preferences of consumers post covid-19 discussing opportunities and limitations of wildlife tourism amongst existing dynamism and limited resources. The research aims to provide useful suggestions for integrating digital tools to enhance consumer satisfaction and experience with wildlife tourism addressing the current limitations with strategic resource management and planning bringing managerial effectiveness.
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Lugonja, Aleksandar. "Sustainable tourism chance for development Bosnia and Herzegovina." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 94, no. 2 (2014): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1402031l.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina is reach in many resources such as geographical position, climate, nature. Neither its government nor its people realize the huge potential and possible benefits that tourism can bring about helping them to prosper economically. Tourism is playing more and more important role in national and local economies. There is no evidence that this trend will decline. Visitors can significantly contribute to the local and national economy and the economic multiplier effect of this spend, in turn, supports employment and secondary tourist facilities. Similarly, in the determination of future proposals that could impact on the setting, character and appearance of its potentials, special care is needed by planners and promoters to assess its potential. The key to the sustainable approach to tourism and the cultural heritage is the preparation of appropriate master plan that takes into account the identified overall effects in order to guide the course of development in a way that protects those very resources that attract visitors and that does not cause in the short, medium and long term any reduction in their character or appearance. In the present tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is at a low level of development and international competitiveness, but according to projections UNWTO, and in accordance with the "Vision for Tourism to 2020 years", should that become a strategic economic sector in the coming period which will contribute to economic prosperity, economic growth and development of national economy.
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Dredge, Dianne. "Tourism Reform, Policy and Development in Queensland, 1989–2011." Queensland Review 18, no. 2 (2011): 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/qr.18.2.152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism has been a major driver of economic and social development in Queensland since the end of World War II. In 2011, tourism's direct contribution to the economy was estimated to be $7.8 billion, and it generated direct employment of an estimated 118,000 full-time equivalent jobs (Queensland Tourism 2011). The multiplier effects of tourism account for another $9.2 billion, making it the most important component of the state's service sector. These figures suggest that the approach adopted by the Labor government over the last two decades to manage and develop Queensland tourism has generally been positive. However, a closer examination of recent trends and criticisms reveals that visitor demand has flat-lined: the industry is struggling under the weight of global and local pressures, investment has slowed, and there are issues of stagnating demand, competitiveness, service quality, industry capacity and innovation. Moreover, Queensland is losing international market share compared with New South Wales and Victoria (Tourism Research Australia 2011). Given that governments have a key role to play in creating and maintaining policy conditions that contribute to both a healthy economy and social well-being, what have been the Queensland Labor government's contributions to tourism, and what are the key challenges into the future?
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Zendehdel, Kamran, Brian W. Sloboda, and Eric Chad Horner. "Economic Impact Analysis of Farmers’ Markets in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area: Evidence of a Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137333.
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Consumer interest in farmers’ markets (FMs) has dramatically increased during the past decade. The number of FMs in the United States has grown from 1755 in 1994 to 8140 in 2019 (USDA, 2019). To evaluate the economic impacts (EIs) of FMs in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, we collected FMs’ consumer data and used IMPLAN-based social accounting matrices to evaluate the direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts of FMs. The empirical results from IMPLAN provide the direct gross sales, income figures, and an estimate of the number of jobs in the study region. The results show the average total output of USD 36,181,059, total employment of 663 people, total value-added creation of USD 19,019,226, and total labor income created of USD 8,653,350 in the region. The FM average income multiplier is 1.51, which indicates that a USD 1 increase in personal income (PI) for an FM translates into USD 1.51 in PI across the economy of the region. We also highlight the impact of FMs as an important component of the circular economy (CE). To this end, we present a qualitative approach examining the potential of a CE as applied to the farmers’ markets in the Washington, DC metropolitan area using qualitative data from focus groups. The goal of the circular economy is to provide more sustainability in the local economy.
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O'Connor, Dennis A. "Employment Creation And Local Development." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 5, no. 1 (October 26, 2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v5i1.6371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to offer a measuring devise to assess the economic impact of new business enterprises upon a local or state economy. This shall be accomplished by constructing multipliers for employment creation, income generation, and tax revenue acquisition.
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Suharyanto, Suharyanto, Armen Zulham, Muhendis Sidqi, Arif Sudianto, Arif Widianto, Suraji Suraji, and Didit Eko P. "PULAU-PULAU KECIL SEBAGAI PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN INDONESIA: Review Aspek Teknis, Sosial dan Ekonomi." Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v6i1.8934.
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Potensi sumber daya hayati dan non hayati laut di Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) di Indonesia dapat menjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan perbatasan Indonesia. Saat ini, pertumbuhan ekonomi di kawasan perbatasan tersebut tertinggal dibandingkan di daratan. Potensi ekonomi kawasan PPKT mempunyai multiplier effect yang luas, membuka lapangan kerja, pendapatan, dan devisa jika dikelola dengan baik. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi PPKT yang dapat menjadi pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah perbatasan. Analisis skoring terhadap variabel-variabel penentu digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber pertumbuhan ekonomi di PPKT. Hasil analisa menunjukkan terdapat 61 PPKT dari 111 pulau yang mempunyai potensi sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah perbatasan. Enam puluh satu PPKT tersebut memiliki keunggulan bervariasi sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi.Hasil skoring terhadap variabel potensi pada 61 PPKT tersebut menunjukkan adanya 7 (tujuh) kelas prioritas pengembangan PPKT. Hasilnya,Pulau Tokong Belayar, Senua, Mangkai, dan Mantehage termasuk ke dalam PPKT kelas prioritas pertama. Kegiatan wisata bahari direkomendasikan sebagai kegiatan potensial untuk mengembangkan perekonomian PPKT yang dapat menyediakan lapangan kerja dan sumber pendapatan bagi masyarakat setempat serta berpeluang menambah devisa negara.Title: The Small Islands as a Center of the Regional Economic Growth in Indonesian Border Areas: Review of the Technical, Social and Economic AspectsPotency of renewable and non-renewable marine resources of Indonesian small islands could promote economic growth in Indonesian border areas. Currently, the economic growth of border areas have left behind compared with mainland areas. Potency of economy could give multiplier effect, create employment, income, as well as foreign exchanges when the resources are well managed. This study aimed to identify the potency of small islands that can be developed as center of economic growth in the border area. Scoring analysis to determinant variables were used to identify the source of economic growth in the small islands. The finding showed that there were 61 small islands of 111 small islands have the potency to be developed as economic growth center in border areas. Those 61 small islands have 7 (seven) priority classes for small islands development. As the result, the island of Tokong Belayar, Senua, Mangkai, and Mantehage islands were included in first class priority. Finally, marine tourism becomes potential activity to develop the economy of small islands, create new jobs opportunity and income sources for local communities, as well as contribute the increase of foreign exchanges.
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Pinem, Dessy Eresina. "Menemukan Strategi Pengembangan Kawasan Industri Melalui Analisis Sektor Unggulan Kota Binjai." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.4.1.45-64.
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<pre><em>The industrial sector is a primary sector has the potential to create a progressive growth in a region. The growth in the region rely on the industrial sector was driven by sales of production, employment, and other multiplier effects so </em><em>that </em><em>many </em><em>of </em><em>districts or cities in North Sumatra </em><em>try</em><em> to develop this sector. The industr</em><em>y </em><em>that can be developed </em><em>is</em><em> an appropriate industrial potential and local resource to be optimal growth in the region. In RTRW Kota Binjai years 2011 - 2030, District of North Binjai designated as an industrial area. Industries that are planned to be developed are a high-tech industry. But the problem is whether the type specified in the RTRW industry is the industry that corresponds to the potential of local resources and the District of North Binjai? The purpose of this paper is to find the right industry to be developed by local potential or excellence, especially in the District Binjai Utara Binjai. The analytical tool used is the analysis of LQ, shift share and SWOT discovered the potential and advantages that can be seen Binjai compliance with industry directed by RTRW. The analysis </em><em>results </em><em>show that the industrial sector is not a primary</em><em> </em><em>sector or potential sector in Binjai. The results of LQ and shift share analysis show that the sector with the potential to be developed in Binjai was the construction sector, finance, and services. The similarity with the RTRW policy is only in the service sector. This shows that the service sector can be developed while the computer industry, multimedia, publishing, and printing) is not in accordance with the local potential. However, if the government still wants to develop the industrial sector in North Binjai, there should be diversification strategies, namely building-related industry sectors, such as industry superior building materials and mining industries.</em><em></em></pre>
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Wang, Ting, and Areendam Chanda. "Manufacturing growth and local employment multipliers in China." Journal of Comparative Economics 46, no. 2 (June 2018): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2017.10.002.
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Eka Andri Kurniawan. "THE ROLE OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ON THE ECONOMY OF EAST JAVA: INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS." East Java Economic Journal 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53572/ejavec.v2i1.15.
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Indonesia is a country that regulates the authority of regional government. Local governments are given the freedom to regulate their own regions with regionalautonomy to explore the potential of each region. Thus, development must determine the priority of the potential of one of the tourism sector. For examplecultural tours, history, nature or artificial, religious. Tourism is a large and growing industry. The development of tourism is very influential and influenced by other sectors because tourism is a mulitectorectoral that has links with other sectors. East Java province is renowned for its tourism potential, many historical attractions, for recreation, education and more. The development and change of the tourism sector cannot be separated from the interrelationship with other sectors of the economy, and vice versa. The occurrence of changes in one sector of the economy, will also affect the tourism sector. The inter-sectoral linkages in the economy can be seen in Input-Output Analysis. Input-Output Analysis is an analysis of the region's economy comprehensively as it sees the inter-sectoral linkages of the economy in the region as a whole. This study aims to find out how the role of the tourism sector in the formation of output, gross added value, demand between and end of East Java Province, how much is related to other sectors, the economic impacts of economic growth, income and employment are viewed based on Multiplier effects on output, income and labor. The data collected in this study is secondary data Table InputOutput East Java Province. Analyzer uses APLIKASI I-O PAU UGM 2000 and Microsoft Excel. The result, it is expected that the tourism sector has an important role in the formation of GDP, labor, demand between and the end of demand, as well as direct output linkage forward.
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Osei, Michael J., and Shruti Sengupta. "Heterogeneity in the local employment multipliers in the United States." Growth and Change 50, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 880–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grow.12319.
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Kim, Woo-Yung, and Sung Hyo Hong. "Local employment multipliers when living and working areas are different." Economics Letters 175 (February 2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.12.028.
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Leonov, S. N. "Influence of the Ports of the Northern Sea Route on the Formation of Focal Zones for the Development of the Eastern Arctic." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-1-6-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors consider propulsive potential of the ports of the eastern section of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and indicate the influence of the NSR on increasing the efficiency of the key zones formation for the development of the Far Eastern Arctic. They base the work methodology on the theory of cumulative growth, in which the ideas of the “growth poles” formation occupy a decisive position. The authors use the grouping methods, logical and comparative analysis. The Rosstat data serves as an information base of the study. It is shown that the state’s activity on the development of the NSR stimulates the development of the North Yakutsk and Chukotka support zones, enhancing the transport and raw materials specialization of the Eastern Arctic as a whole. At the same time, the authorities proceed from the assumption that the development of ports should reduce the costs of trade, increase employment, and have a multiplier effect both on the port system itself and on the sectors of the region interacting with it. The paper substantiates that in the Far Eastern Arctic, the traditional view of ports as the most important infrastructure assets, which are the business and economic center of territorial development, is insufficient for the recognition of transport infrastructure as a propulsion industry. The propulsive effect of the port economy is low and is mainly of an induced nature, when capacities for processing products are created in the port areas, or when the transport infrastructure stimulates the emergence of transport-intensive extractive industries, which is provided in the western part of the NSR. For the development of the North Yakutsk and Chukotka Arctic support zones, the transport infrastructure will be a backbone project that “connects” these regions in an economically sustainable spatial formation — the Far Eastern Arctic. Transport is a necessary but insufficient condition for the emergence and accelerated development of local “growth poles” in the Eastern Arctic.
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Lego, Brian, Tesfa Gebremedhin, and Brian Cushing. "A Multi-Sector Export Base Model of Long-Run Regional Employment Growth." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 29, no. 2 (October 2000): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relationships between intersectoral export and local employment and regional economic growth are analyzed in a long-run equilibrium framework. Dynamic location quotients decompose regional employment into export and local components for multiple sectors. Johansen's Full-Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) approach is used to identify the existence and resultant rank of the co-integrating relationship between sectoral export and local employment in West Virginia's four metropolitan areas. Empirical results indicate inter-sectoral basic and non-basic employment form a co-integrating system of equations. Furthermore, this analysis shows that inter-sector shocks to local and export employment may cause multipliers to be positive or negative in magnitude.
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Panjawa, Jihad Lukis, Rr Retno Retno Sugiharti, Jalu Aji Prakoso, and R. Maya Putri Rahayu. "POLA SPASIAL POTENSI SEKTOR UNGGULAN USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL DI KECAMATAN PATUK, GUNUNGKIDUL." AdBispreneur 6, no. 3 (February 14, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v6i3.36578.
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Micro and Small Enterprises and the Tourism Sector are important drivers of local economic recovery, as happened in Patuk Sub-District, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to identify the advantages and potential multiplier effects of economic activities from micro and small Enterprises in tourist areas. Quantitative approaches were used in this investigation, including Location Qoutient analytic tools and an Economic Base Model. Businesses that encourage tourism in Patuk Subdistrict are micro and small businesses, processed food and service sectors. While to encourage labor absorption, the most superior sectors are micro and small businesses in the processed food, trade and services sectors. This study shows that there is a spatial pattern for micro and small businesses in the Tourism Village of Patuk Sub-District. The spatial pattern found from this research is micro and small enterprises that excel in employment, namely the processed food sector, trade, and services. Meanwhile, micro and small enterprises that excel in terms of number of businesses are the processed food and service sector. Both patterns of finding the spatial pattern are relevant to be used as a basis for stakeholders to develop sectoral businesses through the types of regional superior businesses. Usaha Mikro dan Kecil dan Sektor Pariwisata merupakan sektor kunci pemulihan ekonomi lokal, seperti yang terjadi di Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi keunggulan dan potensi efek pengganda kegiatan ekonomi dari usaha mikro dan kecil di kawasan wisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan alat analisis Location Qoutient dan Economic Base Model. Usaha yang mendorong pariwisata di Kecamatan Patuk adalah usaha mikro dan kecil, sektor makanan olahan dan jasa. Sedangkan utnuk mendorong penyerapan tenaga kerja, sektor yang paling unggul adalah usaha mikro dan kecil di sektor makanan olahan, perdagangan dan jasa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pola keruangan untuk usaha mikro dan kecil di Desa Wisata Kecamatan Patuk. Pola keruangan yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini adalah usaha mikro kecil yang unggul dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja yaitu sektor makanan olahan, perdagangan, dan jasa. Sedangkan, usaha mikro kecil yang unggul dari sisi jumlah usaha adalah sektor makanan olahan dan jasa. Kedua pola temuan pola keruangan tersebut relevan untuk digunakan sebagai dasar pemangku kepentingan untuk melakukan pengembangan usaha sectoral melalui jenis usaha unggulan daerah.
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Shoag, Daniel. "Using State Pension Shocks to Estimate Fiscal Multipliers since the Great Recession." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.121.
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Has government spending raised income and employment since 2008? I use new data on state pension returns during the Great Recession to recover exogenous changes in spending. Instrumenting with these return shocks, I estimate that each dollar of windfall-financed spending raised local incomes by $1.43 and every additional $22,011 of spending created one contemporaneous job. These estimates are similar to those found in Shoag (2010) despite the non-overlapping datasets. Unlike Shoag (2010), however, the bulk of the employment increase post-2008 stems from decreases in unemployment rather than increased labor force participation.
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Mellor, John W. "Employment Multipliers from Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction (The Ghulam Mohammad Memorial Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4I (December 1, 2001): 371–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4ipp.371-400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poverty is still a major problem in Pakistan. Worse, the excellent progress made in poverty reduction in the 1970s and 1980s has been reversed in the 1990s. That is the bad news. The good news is that Pakistan is unusually well placed to return to rapid reduction in poverty. We have long known that agricultural growth is closely related to poverty reduction. Recent studies by Peter Timmer and by Martin Ravallion and their colleagues provide massive statistical evidence of this relationship. Rural growth and agricultural growth have a major effect on poverty reduction; urban growth and manufacturing growth do not. At first glance that is strange because farmers are not the poorest rural people, and the direct benefits from agricultural growth are distributed roughly proportionately to size of landholding. The poor in rural areas are heavily concentrated in the rural non-farm sector. They produce non-tradable goods and services. That is, local demand is essential to their growth. It is rising agricultural incomes that provide that growth in local demand. Thus, agriculture’s massive impact on poverty is indirect, working through expenditures on the rural non-farm sector. The bulk of those expenditures are for consumption goods.