Дисертації з теми "Loading area"
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1
Ainscow, Frank. "The development of equipment and techniques to enable the design of MAP networks for optimum performance under high levels of loading." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302752.
Повний текст джерела
2
Андрейко, Сергій Віталійович. "Живильник гвинтовий з модернізацією гвинта". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Проєкт містить опис технологічного процесу виробництва бетону, в якому присутній живильник гвинтовий, розглянуто його призначення та місце в технологічній схемі.
У роботі надані технічні характеристики, розглянуті конструкція і принцип дії живильника гвинтового, виконані параметричні, кінематичні та розрахунки на міцність гвинта, які підтверджують працездатність та надійність конструкції машини.
У проєкті було виконано літературно-патентний пошук конструкцій живильника гвинтового з метою обрання варіанту модернізації гвинта. Модернізація гвинта виконана шляхом поділення гвинта на 2 зони (зону завантаження матеріалу t1 і зону основної ділянки t2), що дозволяє зменшити скупчення матеріалу в зоні основної ділянки, зменшити тертя матеріалу об корпус гвинтового живильника, підвищити експлуатаційну надійність та довговічність машини.
Також, у бакалаврському дипломному проєкті надані рекомендації щодо монтажу та експлуатації пристрою до виготовлення корпусу підшипника.The project contains a description of the technological process of concrete production, in which there is a screw feeder, its purpose and place in the technological scheme are considered. The paper presents the technical characteristics, considered the design and principle of operation of the screw feeder, performed parametric, kinematic and calculations for the strength of the screw, which confirm the efficiency and reliability of the machine. In the project the literature-patent search of designs of the screw feeder for the purpose of a choice of a variant of modernization of the screw was carried out. The screw modernization is performed by dividing the screw into 2 zones (material loading zone t1 and the main section zone t2), which reduces material accumulation in the main section area, reduces material friction on the screw feeder housing, increases operational reliability and durability of the machine. Also, the bachelor's thesis project provides recommendations for installation and operation of the device for the manufacture of the bearing housing.
3
Widana, Pathiranage Amila Gayan Rakkitha Thilakarathne. "Modelling busway operation with mixed stopping and non-stopping buses." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82819/1/Amila%20Gayan%20Rakkitha%20Thilakarathne_Widana%20Pathiranage_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigated the complexity of busway operation with stopping and non-stopping buses using field data and microscopic simulation modelling.
The proposed approach made significant recommendations to transit authorities to achieve the most practicable system capacity for existing and new busways. The empirical equations developed in this research and newly introduced analysis methods will be ideal tools for transit planners to achieve optimal reliability of busways.
4
Lanaro, Flavio. "Geometry, Mechanics and Transmissivity of Rock Fractures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3168.
Повний текст джерела
5
Cuadros, Torres David Edgardo, and Vargas Gef Sinder Jiménez. "Estimación de la zona crítica de diseño en naves industriales con diferentes alturas libres que soporten puentes grúas de diferentes capacidades de carga." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El presente estudio tiene como finalidad encontrar la zona crítica de diseño en naves industriales que combinen la premisa de diferentes alturas libres con la ubicación de distintas capacidades de carga de un puente grúa.
Se propuso un total de nueve modelos simétricos en planta con una disposición de pórticos a dos aguas. El sistema estructural contempla pórticos a momento y pórticos arriostrados. El recorrido del puente grúa de manera longitudinal y transversal determinó entre 10 a 90 ubicaciones donde la carga del puente grúa está concentrada para el análisis. Las cargas contempladas para el análisis y diseño fueron las producidas por carga muerta, carga viva, viento y sismo.
Para el diseño de los elementos de las naves industriales se ha considerado la Norma E.090 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones y como complemento se ha utilizado las normas: ASCE y AISC. El diseño de los elementos estructurales se basó en el método LRFD.
El resultado de la investigación encontró una zona crítica de diseño en los márgenes izquierdo y derecho de cada modelo. Los valores de ambos márgenes correspondientes a la capacidad de carga del puente grúa son iguales en cada una de sus posiciones simétricas. Se comprobó que en la zona crítica existe una única ubicación que genera los máximos desempeños en los elementos de las naves industriales. Se determinó los ratios de costo de los perfiles de las naves industriales; los cuales, varían entre 51 y 190 dólares por metro cuadrado.The purpose of this study is to find the critical design area in industrial buildings that combine the premise of different free heights with the location of different load capacities of an overhead crane. A total of nine symmetrical models were proposed in plan with a gabled portico arrangement. The structural system includes frames at the moment and braced frames. The span of the overhead crane longitudinally and transversely determined between 10 to 90 locations where the overhead crane load is concentrated for the analysis. The loads considered for the analysis and design were those produced by dead load, live load, wind and earthquake. For the design of the elements of the industrial buildings, Standard E.090 of the National Building Regulations has been considered and as a complement the following standards have been used: ASCE and AISC. The design of the structural elements was based on the LRFD method. The result of the investigation found a critical design zone on the left and right margins of each model. The values of both margins corresponding to the load capacity of the overhead crane are equal in each of their symmetrical positions. It was found that in the critical zone there is a single location that generates the maximum performances in the elements of the industrial buildings. The cost ratios of the profiles of the industrial buildings were determined; which, vary between 51 and 190 dollars per square meter.
Tesis
6
Albertini, Matteo. "IMMEDIATE AND EARLY LOADING OF THERMO CHEMICALLY TREATED IMPLANTS WITH DEFINITIVE ABUTMENTS AT POSTERIOR AREAS OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this PhD project is to investigate the clinical and radiological behaviour of thermo-chemically treated implants comparing immediate and early loading protocols with definitive abutments in a functionally high-demanding clinical situation such as posterior areas of maxilla and mandible.
Before starting the clinical trial a literature review on the latest scientific advances in osseointegration and physical-biochemical characteristics of the thermo-chemically treated surface used in the study has been conducted. The results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies on this surface until the present day have also been reviewed.
Currently bio-engineering has enabled us to understand the different biological events that characterize osseointegration -namely, protein adsorption, clot formation, granulation tissue formation, provisional matrix formation, interface formation, bone apposition and remodelling. Protein adhesion has proven to play a key role in the earliest stages of osseointegration, where the presence of fibronectin and vitronectin favor osteoblastic cell line proliferation, while proteins such as TGF-α inhibit it. Rough implant surfaces (Sa over 1-2 μm) lead to quicker osseointegration relative to micro-rough surfaces (Sa = 0.5-1 μm) due to the phenomenon of bone neoformation, where bone starts to form from implant surface toward the periphery at greater speed. Implants presenting hydroxyapatite in their surface lead to accelerate osseointegration due to osteoblasts’ affinity to calcium phosphate. However, the surfaces produced up to date have presented long-term problems due to the bonding of this layer to the underlying titanium.
Biomimetic behaviour of the investigated surface in this project has been demonstrated by current studies since -out of a chemical reaction of precipitation of plasma ions- is able to produce a crystalline hydroxyapatite layer chemically bonded to the titanium of the implant without osteoblasts taking part. Results from In-vitro assays have demonstrated a surface roughness (Sa) of 1,74μm, high hydrophilia with a contact angle of 77.6 degrees, an increased osteoblastic cellular activity and high mechanical resistance of thermo-chemical treated titanium. Augmented adhesion strength of titanium-bonded hydroxyapatite without detached areas has been observed in in-vivo assays and a BIC (bone-to-implant contact) of 80% at 3-weeks has been registered histologically.
Results of the 1-year randomized clinical trial suggest that there are no statistically significant differences in terms of survival, implant stability and radiographic bone loss between implants restored with immediate or early loading protocols. 100% survival rate was registered in both groups. A mean radiographic bone loss of 0.04±0.08mm at the implant and 0.3±0.5mm at the crest in the immediate-loaded group has been observed. In the early-loaded group the means of radiographic bone loss were 0.1±0.2mm at the implant and 0.6±0.8 mm at the crest. 62.5 % of the implants showed bone contact at the abutment after 1 year.
Thermo-chemically treated implants may be considered a reliable treatment option for the rehabilitation of the posterior areas of the maxilla or mandible using immediate or early loading protocols with definitive abutments placed at the time of surgery.
These results must be confirmed by studies with longer follow-up.
7
Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricutural phosphorus loading potential." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244832873.
Повний текст джерела
8
Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricultural phosphorus loading potential /." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244832873.
Повний текст джерела
9
Anh, Pham Nguyet. "Study on household wastewater characterization and septic tanks' function in urban areas of Vietnam." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192229.
Повний текст джерела
10
Meerkin, Jarrod D. "Musculo-skeletal adaptation and altered loading environments: An amputee model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36750/1/36750_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amputation of the lower limb may result in musculo-skeletal changes similar to those that occur following space flight, immobilisation and prolonged bed rest. The similarities desist when one considers the invasive nature of amputation surgery and the impact that partial loss of a limb has on the loading characteristics of the affected leg. The aim of this study was to determine the musculo-skeletal changes that occur following trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputation, and to compare differences in the musculo-skeletal characteristics of these groups, which may occur as a function of the modified loading environment. Unique to this investigation was the study of a new trans-femoral amputee, which was incorporated to investigate the time course of any changes in muscle and bone atrophy and decreases in muscle strength in the early post-operative period. This study was also designed to provide a comparison with longer-term amputees and examine relationships between muscle morphology and strength and identified changes in gait behaviour by reference to normal gait patterns.
Eight unilateral trans-femoral and 8 trans-tibial amputees (mean age 35.2yrs. ± 9.8 and 35.3yrs. ± 8.9 respectively) were subjects in the study. There were 7 males and 1 female in each of the amputee groups. A control group of similar number was used, with subjects matched on age, weight, height and gender. In the first phase of the investigation dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure bone mineral density (B:MD) of the lumbar spine (L2-IA) and femoral neck (FN) and to calculate the volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) of selected muscles. Strength evaluation was assessed by measurement of maximal isometric hip torque using a Kin-Com dynamometer.
Gait analyses were undertaken to determine differences in the angular kinematics of the residual and sound limb together with an electromyographic (EMG) assessment of the onset and offset of the activity of 4 hip muscles of the residual and sound thigh, which was synchronised with the kinematic measures. Differences in ground reaction force (GRF) between the residual and sound limb of each group were also examined.
A single case study involving a 19-year-old motor accident victim who sustained a traumatic trans-femoral amputation of his right leg was conducted to determine the structural and functional changes over a 9-month period. Structural and functional evaluations were repeated every 3 months, beginning at 4 months post amputation, using similar methodologies and procedures described for the longer-term amputees.
In the longer-term amputees the volume and CSA of the residual musculature of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower by comparison with the sound limb and no difference was found between the residual and sound musculature of the trans-tibial group. Mean torque of the residual hip was lower than that of the sound hip of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group but the difference was not significant. Bone mineral density of the residual FN was significantly lower than that of the sound FN of the trans-femoral group but there was no difference in the trans-tibial group. No differences were found between the two experimental groups and controls at the L2-1A site. Muscle volume was significantly correlated with BMD of the L2- 1A vertebrae in the residual and sound limb of the trans-tibial group.
Trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees had a significantly slower walking velocity than that of the control group. Cadence of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower than both trans-tibial and the control groups. Stride length was not significantly different between the trans-femoral and control group but was significantly lower in the trans-tibial group. Significant differences were found between the trans-femoral and control group in the range of ankle and knee motion of the sound limb and between the sound and residual ankle, knee and hip joints of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group. Mean GRF was lower in the residual limb compared to the sound limb for both groups, although the differences were not significant. The activity of rectus femoris, biceps femoris and adductor longus in the sound limb of the trans-femoral group were generally active for a longer duration compared to the controls and the duration of activity of these same muscles differed between the residual and sound limb musculature of the trans-tibial group.
In the case study subject, BMD in the residual FN was 38.4 per cent lower than the sound FN at 4 months, decreasing to 42.1 per cent at the end of the 9-month evaluation. At this time point bone loss of the case study subject was greater than the average difference between the residual and sound limb of the longer-term amputees suggesting some recovery of bone mass may be possible. Rectus femoris and biceps femoris showed greater atrophy than the intact muscles, psoas major, adductor longus and the gluteals. At 7-months post amputation, hip torque of the residual limb in all planes of movement was lower by comparison with the sound limb.
There was considerable intra-group variability in the data, which reflected the heterogeneity of the groups with respect to surgical fixation procedures, types of prosthesis used and their different physical activity levels. It was shown that longerterm trans-femoral amputees experienced considerable muscle and bone atrophy of their residual limb, which was greater than that experienced by the trans-tibial group.
Although loading was not measured directly the difference between the two groups of amputees perhaps reflected their altered loading environment. Isometric hip torque was not different between the residual and sound limb of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group, an unexpected result in the trans-femoral group considering the muscle atrophy present. The morphological changes combined with the prosthetic components were likely responsible for differences in amputee gait function. In the more recent amputee, muscle and bone atrophy was most rapid in the first 4 months but the volume and CSA of rectus femoris and biceps femoris continued to decrease up to 13 months post amputation. Isometric torque of the hip flexors and extensors decreased between 7 and 10 months and stabilised by 13 months post amputation while there was no change in the torque of the hip abductors and adductors from the initial measure. The potential for recovery of BMD, muscle size and muscle strength must be considered and may be applied to the design of more effective prostheses and rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving functional outcomes.
11
Laine, A. (Anne). "Restoring salmonid stocks in boreal rivers:problems of passage at migratory obstructions and land-derived loading in production areas." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951425953X.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
In this thesis, I examine two important aspects surrounding salmonid reproductive
ecology, namely: (i) the problems with passing obstructions during
migratory spawning runs and (ii) how the early life stages in boreal
streams are influenced by increased levels of fine-grained particulate matter from drained
peatlands. These aspects are not only critical to salmonid reproductive success but have
grave implications regarding environmental quality and species conservation.
Spawning runs can be re-established by constructing fishways at obstructions
but the efficiency of fishways depends on several factors. The passage of multi-sea-winter
salmon was enhanced in the Isohaara fishway by increasing its water flow and by creating a
small waterfall at the entrance. The fishway, which consists of vertical slot and Denil
sections, proved to be unsuitable for most freshwater fish, whitefish and river lamprey,
whereas salmonids, once they had entered, successfully negotiated the fishway. In fishway
design, the migratory behaviour and the demands of the species of interest should be
considered. For salmonids, priority should be given to the attractiveness of the fish
entrance.
When there is a migration corridor, the availability and the quality of
spawning and rearing habitats has a major effect on the success of restoration projects. In
the humic rivers studied, the survival of incubated brown trout eggs was lower in riffles
susceptible to increased levels of fine-grained particulate matter from drained peatlands.
Additionally, an increase in the Fe content of high molecular weight dissolved organic
matter followed by its precipitation and sedimentation was proposed to be involved.
Correspondingly, the recapture rates of stocked yearling salmon were lower in the affected
riffles, individual salmon being smaller and thinner and having less food in their stomachs
than reference salmon. Based on these results, it seems probable that peatland drainage, by
influencing the incubation success of salmonid embryos and the foraging, growth and survival
of juveniles, eventually affects the number and quality of smolts produced. In future, such
water pollution control measures should be implemented that would enhance the success of
natural spawning and help ensure environmental quality.
12
Schmitz, Cristiane Salerno. "Análise do comportamento estrutural de sistemas de drenagem viária constituídos por tubos plásticos flexíveis envolvidos com areia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-09052003-161505/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho objetivou o conhecimento do comportamento estrutural de um sistema solo-tubo plástico flexível de paredes estruturadas frente a cargas permanentes sobre a tubulação e carregamentos móveis, como os provenientes de tráfego de veículos. Para o estudo, foram construídas valas em verdadeira grandeza na Área de Pesquisas e Testes de Pavimentos DAER-RS/UFRGS em Porto Alegre, RS, onde se dispõe de um equipamento simulador de tráfego, utilizado para aplicação de cargas estáticas e cíclicas na superfície dos sistemas solo-tubo. As variáveis independentes controladas são o grau de compactação do material que envolve o tubo e altura do mesmo material sobre o tubo. As variáveis medidas são a deflexão do tubo sob carregamento do simulador e o deslocamento permanente causado pela carga de solo sobre o tubo. O controle de compactação do material de envolvimento do tubo foi realizado com três equipamentos diferentes e os resultados foram comparados. Os resultados de deflexão e deslocamento pemanente foram utilizados para cálculo dos valores de módulo de reação E' do maerial de envolvimento do tubo e foram comparados com os encontrados na literatura. Constatou-se o comportamento elástico dos tubos sob carregamento repetido, e no caso em que o tubo é instalado muito próximo da superfície, as deflexões no sistema são de tal magnitude que chegam a ser prejudiciais ao pavimento construído sobre a vala. Ficou comprovada a importância da cuidadosa compactação do material de envolvimento do tubo para o bom desempenho estrutural do sistema solo-tubo flexível.This work aimed at the knowledge of the structural behavior of a ribbed flexible plastic buried pipe system undergoing permanent loads on the piping and mobile loads, as the ones deriving from the traffic of vehicles. For this study, full scale ditches were built at the DAER-RS/UFRGS Pavement Research and Test Area in Porto Alegre, RS, where there is a equipment for simulating traffic, used for applying both static and cyclic loads on the ditch surface. The controled independent variables are the involving material density and the height of this material on the pipe. The variables measured are the pipe deflection under simulator load and the permanent displacement caused by the soil load on the pipe. The compaction control of involving material was carried out with three different types of equipment and results were compared. The results for pemanent deflection and displacement were used to calculate the Modulus of Soil Reaction (E') values of the involving material and these were compared to the ones found in the literature. The pipe elastic behavior under repeated load was observed, and where the pipe is installed too close to the surface, the system deflections are of such magnitude that they affect the pavement built over the ditch. The careful compaction of the involving material proved to be of paramount importance to a good structural performance of the flexible buried pipe system.
13
Haugen, Ine. "Analysis of Hull Structure Response for a Sevan Arctic Mobile Drilling Unit in Arctic Areas subjected to Ice Loading." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interest for Arctic deep water development intensifies as the worldwide demand for oil and gas continues to grow. As much as 25 % of the world’s remaining hydrocarbons are assumed to be located in the Arctic area. However, the Arctic environment represents engineering challenges due to sea ice, temperature, darkness and environmental impact requirements. To meet these challenges for Arctic deep water developments to have a possibility for year-round operations, particularly for ice loading, a combination of traditional and innovative technology is the key. A buoy shaped floater with a single point detachment is suggested. The hull shape of a buoy has the advantage to reduce loading from ice features and to be loaded in all directions. The geometry of the hull in the ice action area has a significant effect on the magnitude of ice action. In this thesis, the main scope of work is to investigate and analyze ice actions subjected to a floating offshore structure with sloping hull in the ice action water line.The first section is a literature review of the different aspect of sea ice to get a better knowledge of sea ice’s properties and behavior such that the Arctic engineering becomes more comprehensible. Further, a study of the Arctic areas of interest with focus on the Barents Sea has been carried out, followed by an assessment of the industry’s experiences with floating platforms in ice infested waters.An assessment of ice actions, both global ice action and local ice pressure, has been performed using a Sevan Arctic Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit design as reference structure. Theoretical formulations to determine global ice action from level ice and ridge has been examined, as well as an assessment of ice actions from managed ice due to full scale experience from an identical design, the Kulluk Drilling unit. A comparative study of upward and downward sloping structure has been conducted towards geometrical parameters for the ice features, such as level ice thickness, rubble height, consolidated layer thickness and keel height. It is found that increasing level ice thickness is more severe than increasing geometrical sizes of ridges if the slope is bending ice upwards, but opposite if the slope is bending ice downwards. Local ice pressure on sloping structures has been difficult to determine due to lack of literature available. Hence, several approaches have been assessed and the most suited approach for sloping structures has been used further in the thesis to examine structural hull capacity. As a final assessment, a nonlinear static analysis has been performed in ABAQUS of a local model extracted from a Sevan Arctic Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit design which is a buoy shaped floater. ABAQUS solves the finite element method numerically. Hence, a theory part targeting ABAQUS and the element theory relevant for this thesis has been presented. Further, the footsteps necessary to perform in ABAQUS to submit a nonlinear static analysis has been presented. A study has been done with regards to the selection of element size and type by a convergence test which establishes that linear quadrilateral elements with reduced integration and global size 200mm provide conservative results. The local model was check with regards to structural capacity for uniformly distributed ice pressure. In this thesis, the structural capability has been examined for stiffeners and plates and limited by the yielding criterion given by von Mises stress. Based on the results, it has been suggested to design the scantling with higher capability in the stiffeners and reduce the capability in the hull plate to decrease this scattering in structural capability between stiffener and plate. It has also been suggested that the operational ice draft should be designed such that ice actions are loaded on the elevation of a stringer.
14
Fathi, Ali. "Dégradation des aspérités des joints rocheux sous différentes conditions de chargement." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Résumé: L’objectif de cette thèse est d’interpréter la dégradation des aspérités des joints rocheux sous différentes conditions de chargement. Pour cela, la variation des aspérités durant les différentes étapes du cisaillement d’un joint rocheux est observée. Selon le concept appelé “tiny windows”, une nouvelle méthodologie de caractérisation des épontes des joints a été développée. La méthodologie est basée sur les coordonnées tridimensionnelles de la surface des joints et elles sont mesurées après chaque essai. Après la reconstruction du modèle géométrique de la surface du joint, les zones en contact sont identifiées à travers la comparaison des hauteurs des “tiny windows” superposées. Ainsi, la distribution des zones de la surface en contact, endommagées et sans contact ont été identifiées. La méthode d’analyse d’image a été utilisée pour vérifier les résultats de la méthodologie proposée. Les résultats indiquent que cette méthode est appropriée pour déterminer la taille et la distribution des surfaces du joint en contact et endommagées à différentes étapes du cisaillement. Un ensemble de 38 répliques ont été préparées en coulant du mortier sans retrait sur une surface de fracture obtenue à partir d’un bloc de granite. Différentes conditions de chargement, incluant des chargements statiques et cycliques ont été appliquées afin d’étudier la dégradation des aspérités à différentes étapes du procédé de cisaillement. Les propriétés géométriques des “tiny windows” en contact en phase pré-pic, pic, post-pic et résiduelle ont été analysées en fonction de leurs angles et de leurs auteurs. Il a été remarqué que les facettes des aspérités faisant face à la direction de cisaillement jouent un rôle majeur dans le cisaillement. Aussi, il a été observé que les aspérités présentent différentes contributions dans le cisaillement. Les aspérités les plus aigües (“tiny windows” les plus inclinées) sont abîmées et les aspérités les plus plates glissent les unes sur les autres. Les aspérités d’angles intermédiaires sont définies comme “angle seuil endommagé” et “angle seuil en contact”. En augmentant la charge normale, les angles seuils diminuent d’une part et, d’autre part, le nombre de zones endommagées et en contact augmentent. Pour un petit nombre de cycles (avec faible amplitude et fréquence), indépendamment de l’amplitude, une contraction apparaît ; par conséquent, la surface en contact et les paramètres de résistance au cisaillement augmentent légèrement. Pour un grand nombre de cycles, la dégradation est observée à l’échelle des aspérités de second ordre, d’où une baisse des paramètres de résistance au cisaillement. Il a été aussi observée que les “tiny windows” avec différentes inclinaisons contribuent au processus de cisaillement, en plus des “tiny windows” les plus inclinées (aspérités plus aigües). Les résultats de la méthode proposée montrent que la différenciation entre les zones en contact et celles endommagées s’avère utile pour une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de cisaillement des joints rocheux.Abstract: The objective of the current research is to interpret the asperity degradation of rock joints under different loading conditions. For this aim, the changes of asperities during different stages of shearing in the three-dimensional joint surface are tracked. According to a concept named ‘tiny window’, a new methodology for the characterization of the joint surfaces was developed. The methodology is based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the joints surface that are captured before and after each test. After the reconstruction of geometric models of joint surface, in-contact areas were identified according to the height comparison of the face to face tiny windows. Therefore, the distribution and size of just in-contact areas, in-contact damaged areas and not in-contact areas are identified. Image analysis method was used to verify the results of the proposed method. The results indicated that the proposed method is suitable for determining the size and distribution of the contact and damaged areas at any shearing stage. A total of 38 replicas were prepared by pouring non-shrinking cement mortar on a fresh joint surface of a split granite block. Various loading conditions include monotonic and cyclic loading were applied to study the asperities degradation at different stages of shearing. The geometric properties of the in-contact tiny windows in the pre-peak, peak, post-peak softening and residual shearing stages were investigated based on their angle and height. It was found that those asperities facing the shear direction have the primary role in shearing. It is remarkable that different part of these asperities has their own special cooperation in shearing. The steepest parts (steeper tiny windows) are wore and the flatter parts (flatter tiny windows) are slid. The borderlines between these tiny windows defined as “damaged threshold angle” and “in-contact threshold angle”. By increasing normal load, both the amounts of threshold angles are decreased and contact and damaged areas increased. During low numbers of cycles (with low amplitude and frequency), independent of the type of cycle, contraction occurs and consequently the contact area and the shear strength parameters slightly increased. During larger number of cycles, degradation occurred on the second order asperities, therefore the shear strength parameters slowly decreased. It was also observed that tiny windows with different heights participate in the shearing process, not just the highest ones. The results of the proposed method indicated that considering differences between just in-contact areas and damaged areas provide useful insights into understanding the shear mechanism of rock joints.
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Mašek, Martin. "Datové sklady - principy, metody návrhu, nástroje, aplikace, návrh konkrétního řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10145.
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The main goal of this thesis is to summarize and introduce general theoretical concepts of Data Warehousing by using the systems approach. The thesis defines Data Warehousing and its main areas and delimitates Data Warehousing area in terms of higher-level area called Business Intelligence. It also describes the history of Data Warehousing & Business Intelligence, focuses on key principals of Data Warehouse building and explains the practical applications of this solution. The aim of the practical part is to perform the evaluation of theoretical concepts. Based on that, design and build Data Warehouse in environment of an existing company. The final solution shall include Data Warehouse design, hardware and software platform selection, loading with real data by using ETL services and building of end users reports. The objective of the practical part is also to demonstrate the power of this technology and shall contribute to business decision-making process in this company.
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Luke, Mark Elden. "Predicting Drag Polars For Micro Air Vehicles." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd297.pdf.
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Ara?jo, Arthur Gomes Dantas de. "Provas de carga est?tica com carregamento lateral em estacas escavadas h?lice cont?nua e cravadas met?licas em areia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14852.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-10An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the behavior of continuous flight auger (cfa) bored piles and metalic driven H-section piles under lateral loading in cohesionless soils. The piles were tested in two different areas at the same site. Both areas consisted of a 3-m thick compacted superficial fill of pure fine sand, underlain by layers of naturally occurring pure fine-thick sand. Fills are differentiated by the relative densities which were compressed, 45% e 70%, respectively. Each area received one identical pair of cfa piles and two identical pairs of H-piles. A static lateral loading test was performed in each pair of piles. In this work, the pile load test results are reported and interpreted. The horizontal coefficient of subgrade reaction was determined from the results of the loading tests and compared with values determined by correlations based on penetration resistance index of SPT tests (NSPT). p-y formulations describing the static behavior of the piles were applied to the problem under evaluation. Back Analyses were made through theoretical and experimental p-y curves for obtaining input parameters for the analytic models, among which the coefficient of horizontal reaction. The soil pile system horizontal loading at rupture was determined by the theoretical methods and the results were compared with the experimental results, checking its validity
Um estudo experimental foi realizado para investigar o comportamento de estacas escavadas h?lice cont?nua e estacas cravadas met?licas submetidas a carregamentos laterais em areia. As estacas foram ensaiadas em duas ?reas diferentes no mesmo local. Ambas as ?reas eram compostas por um aterro superficial de 3 m de espessura de areia fina, seguido de camadas naturais de areia fina a grossa. Os aterros diferenciam-se pela densidade relativa com que foram compactados, 45% e 70%, respectivamente. Cada ?rea recebeu um par id?ntico de estacas h?lice cont?nua e dois pares id?nticos de estacas met?licas com perfil H . Em cada par de estacas foi executada uma prova de carga est?tica. Neste trabalho, os resultados das provas de carga s?o apresentados e interpretados. O coeficiente de rea??o horizontal do solo foi determinado atrav?s dos resultados das provas de carga e comparado com valores obtidos a partir de correla??es baseadas no ?ndice de resist?ncia ? penetra??o do ensaio SPT (NSPT). Curvas p-y foram constru?das para prever o comportamento de estacas submetidas a carregamentos horizontais. Retro an?lises foram efetuadas atrav?s das curvas p-y te?ricas e experimentais para obten??o de par?metros de entrada para os modelos anal?ticos, dentre os quais o coeficiente de rea??o horizontal. A carga de ruptura do sistema solo estaca foi determinada atrav?s de m?todos te?ricos e os resultados foram comparados com os resultados experimentais, verificando sua validade
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Flórez, Gálvez Jorge Hernán. "Efeito da adição de fibras no comportamento de uma areia sob carregamentos cíclicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O avanço das técnicas de melhoramento de solos vem permitindo o aproveitamento de locais nos quais, até pouco tempo atrás, era considerada a construção de muitas estruturas como inviáveis, seja técnica, financeira ou ambientalmente. Uma das técnicas que tem conseguido demostrar bons resultados é o reforço com fibras de diferentes origens, com ou sem presença de algum agente cimentante. A maioria dos estudos conduzidos sobre este tipo de materiais se têm centrado na caracterização dos materiais sob cargas estáticas, e outros estudos se limitam a avaliar o comportamento sob cargas cíclicas destes materiais para densidades relativas baixas, nas quais o fenômeno de liquefação governa o mecanismo de ruptura. O presente estudo tenta aprofundar no conhecimento sobre materiais compactos quando submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos, de maneira a fornecer insumos para o estudo deste campo. O estudo, de caráter experimental, foi feito através da caracterização de corpos de prova de areia e areia com 0,5% de fibras, além da consideração de dois índices de vazios: o primeiro de 0,63 (correspondente a uma densidade relativa de 90%), e o segundo com um índice de vazios igual a 0,75 (correspondente a uma densidade relativa de 50%) Foram executados 29 ensaios triaxiais, além da adoção dos valores de outros 15 feitos por outro autor, totalizando 44 ensaios. A totalidade dos ensaios divide-se assim: 12 ensaios monotônicos CID, 12 ensaios monotônicos CIU, e 20 ensaios cíclicos CIU sob tensão controlada. Nos ensaios monotônicos obtiveram-se incrementos no ângulo de atrito do material composto, sendo mais evidente para as amostras compactas. Em relação aos ensaios cíclicos, obteve-se incrementos nas resistência do material até atingir sua condição de ruptura, seja por liquefação em amostras pouco compactas (Dr= 50%), ou por mobilidade cíclica no caso de amostras compactas (Dr= 90%). A normalização dos resultados permitiu observar que, embora as fibras melhorem o desempenho das misturas quando submetidas a carregamentos cíclicos, não alteraram a estrutura do material em sua resposta em termos de módulo de elasticidade, pelo menos no que respeita a níveis de deformações medianos a grandes. Para pequenas deformações, evidenciou-se uma diminuição na rigidez das amostras, ocasionando assim maiores acréscimos de poropressão nos estágios iniciais dos ensaios, mais nas em areias com fibras do que sem elas.The development of ground improvement techniques has allowed the use of certain places, which was in the past considered as non-viable for the construction of many types of structures. Fiber reinforced soils have shown good results, with or without presence of any cementitious agent. The focus of most studies performed on this type of materials, is the characterization under static loading, and other studies are limited to evaluating its behavior on cyclic loading at low level of relative density, in which cases the liquefaction phenomenon governs the mechanism of rupture. This study aims to improve the knowledge of cyclic loading effects in dense materials. Was carried out an experimental program by characterizing specimens of sand with 0% and 0.5% of randomly distributed fiber, considering two void ratios: 0.63 (dense sand, Dr = 90%) and 0.75 (moderately loose sand, Dr = 50%). In total, were performed 29 triaxial tests, in addition of another 15 executed by another author, totaling 44 The test were divided as follows: 12 monotonic CIU test, 12 monotonic CID test, and 20 CIU loading controlled cyclic test. In monotonic conditions, fibers addition increases the friction angle, mostly on dense samples (Dr = 90%) than on loose specimens (Dr = 50%). For cyclic tests, in both materials, fiber additions causes improvement on cyclic behavior, but with different failure mechanism, liquefaction for loose, and cyclic mobility for dense sands, regardless of the presence of fibers. The transformation of the number of cycles axis, or normalization of another cyclic results allowed observing that, despite the fiber addition can cause improvement of materials subjected to cyclic loading, the structure of the material did not change in elasticity modulus response, at least for medium to large strains levels. For small strains, occur a decrease in the stiffness of samples, causing greater increases of pore pressure in the initial stages of tests, more in reinforced sand than for none reinforced condition.
El avance de las técnicas para mejoramiento de suelos ha permitido el aprovechamiento de sitios en los cuales, hasta hace poco tiempo, se consideraba como no viable la construcción de muchas estructuras, sea por cuestiones técnicas, financieras o ambientales. Una técnica que ha demostrado buenos resultados es la incorporación de refuerzos con fibras de diferente origen, considerando o no la presencia de algún agente cementante. La mayoría de los estudios realizados a este tipo de materiales se han centrado en la caracterización bajo la acción de cargas estáticas, e otros se han limitado a evaluar el comportamiento bajo la acción de cargas cíclicas considerando únicamente densidades relativas bajas, para las cuales la ruptura está controlada por el fenómeno de licuación. El presente estudio busca ahondar en el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento bajo acción de cargas cíclicas de materiales compactos, buscando con ello ampliar la base experimental sobre este campo. El estudio, de carácter experimental, fue realizado a partir de la caracterización de especímenes de arena sin fibras y con 0,5% de fibras, además de la consideración de dos relaciones de vacíos: 0.63 (correspondiente a una densidad relativa de 90%), y 0,75 (correspondiente a una densidad relativa de 50%) Fueron realizados 29 ensayos triaxiales, además de haber adoptado los resultados de otros 15 realizados por otro autor, totalizando 44 ensayos. Los ensayos fueron divididos así: 12 ensayos monotónicos CID, 12 ensayos monotónicos CIU, y 20 ensayos triaxiales cíclicos CID con control de esfuerzos. En los ensayos monotónicos fueron obtenidos incrementos en el ángulo de fricción del material compuesto, siendo esta situación más evidente en muestras compactas. Con relación a los ensayos cíclicos, se obtuvo incremento en la resistencia de las muestras hasta alcanzar su condición de ruptura, bien sea por licuación (materiales relativamente sueltos, Dr = 50%), o por movilidad cíclica (materiales compactos, Dr = 90%). La normalización de los resultados permitió observar que, aunque las fibras mejoran el desempeño bajo cargas cíclicas de los materiales, no alteraron la estructura del material en términos de módulo de elasticidad, por lo menos para niveles medios y altos de deformación. Para pequeñas deformaciones, se evidenció una disminución en la rigidez de las muestras, lo que produjo mayores incrementos en las presiones de poros durante las fases iniciales de los ensayos, con mayor visibilidad en las arenas con fibras que cuando no hubo adición.
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Meinikmann, Karin. "Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in a Eutrophic Lake – Impacts of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge on Water and Nutrient Budgets." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Arbeit besteht aus mehreren Studien zur Quantifizierung des Grundwasserstroms in Seen (Exfiltration; engl.: lacustrine groundwater discharge, LGD) und damit verbundener Nährstoffeinträge. In zwei einleitenden Kapiteln dieser Arbeit werden eine Gründe für die Vernachlässigung der Grundwasserexfiltration (LGD) in Seen und der daran gekoppelten Nährstoffeinträge identifiziert. Diese Literaturstudien fassen den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zum Einfluss des Grundwassers auf die Hydrologie von Seen und ihre Nährstoffhaushalte zusammen.
Den Kern der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden zwei empirische Studien, die sich mit der Quantifizierung der grundwasserbürtigen Phosphor (P)-Fracht in den Arendsee in Deutschland befassen. Das Gesamtvolumen des Grundwasserzustroms wird basierend auf der Grundwasserneubildung im Einzugsgebiet des Sees ermittelt. Lokale Muster der Grundwasserexfiltration werden anhand von Temperaturtiefenprofilen des Seesediments bestimmt. Eine Kombination der Ergebnisse ermöglicht es, die quantitativen Daten mit lokalen Informationen zu unterstützen. Die Untersuchung der Grundwasserqualität zeigt, dass die P-Konzentrationen im Grundwasser im besiedelten Bereich teilweise stark erhöht sind. Als Konsequenz daraus haben die grundwasserbürtigen P-Frachten einen Anteil von mehr als 50% an der gesamten externen P-Last des Arendsees. Das Grundwasser ist damit eine maßgebliche Ursache für die Eutrophierung des Gewässers.
Drei weitere Studien widmen sich der Entwicklung und Optimierung von Ansätzen zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung der Grundwasserexfiltration in Seen. Die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Ergebnissen der Studien zeigt die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung zur Verbesserung und Standardisierung der Methoden zur Bestimmung von LGD und damit verbundenen Stofftransporten auf. Der Fall des Arendsees sollte alle, Wissenschaftler und Praktiker, dazu motivieren, das Grundwasser als relevante Eutrophierungsquelle in Betracht zu ziehen.The present work is a collection of studies on lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) and groundwater-borne phosphorus (P) loads. For a number of reasons, groundwater exfiltration (i.e., LGD) is often not considered in water and nutrient budgets of lakes. This is also and especially true for P which was often regarded to be immobile in groundwater until recently. Two chapters review the scientific literature regarding the impacts of groundwater on hydrology and nutrient budgets of lakes, respectively. They present mechanisms and processes of LGD as well as techniques and methods to measure LGD and related nutrient transports. Moreover, numbers of LGD volumes and loads reported in literature are presented. The core of the present work is represented by two case studies dealing with the quantification of P loads from LGD to a lake in Germany. A combination of different methods is applied to overcome the problem of quantitative large scale LGD determination without losing local spatial information. P concentrations in groundwater and LGD are investigated by detailed spatial water sampling. The results reveal that P is actually present in concentrations far above natural background concentrations in the urban groundwater. LGD-derived P loads account for more than 50% of the overall external P loads to the lake and by that contribute significantly to lake eutrophication. Three further studies are devoted to the development and improvement of approaches to determine LGD. Critical reviews of the above mentioned studies reveal the need for further research in order to standardize and improve methods for LGD and mass load determination. It is found that the appropriate method for LGD determination depends on the spatial scale of interest. The identification of P introduced by LGD as a main driver of lake eutrophication is an important finding which should encourage scientists, policy makers, and lake managers to consider groundwater as a relevant P source for lakes.
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Midander, Klara. "Metal Particles – Hazard or Risk? Elaboration and Implementation of a Research Strategy from a Surface and Corrosion Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11695.
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MA, DAO-QI, and 馬道奇. "The design loading for buildings in Taiwan area." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78439606872461561172.
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Hung, Hsiao-Ching, and 洪曉晴. "Solving the Loading Balance Problem in the Photolithography Area." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5vnd5a.
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Yang, Wen-Yen, and 楊文彥. "The Study of Pile Subjucted to Axial Loading at Taipo Area." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45039593419008643937.
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LEE, TSUNG-HSIEN, and 李淙賢. "Flow-Field Simulation of the Wafer Loading Area in a Vertical Furnace." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13410962695150604353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
98
The goal of this numerical investigation is to study the loading area of wafer boat in a vertical furnace, which is the major production equipment in the semiconductor factory. Main focus is set on exploring the detailed distributions of flow field and pollutant particle inside the loading area for serving as a design reference in upgrading the cleanness quality of this minienvironment. First of all, with the aids of the commercial CFD code FLUENT, an in-depth numerical simulation is performed and analyzed on the flow field of the original furnace design. Then, the deficiencies on flow patterns are summarized based on the calculated outcomes. Later, several amendments are proposed to eliminate those reversed flows, circulations, and non-uniform velocity distributions. These modifications include varying the porous ratio of HEPA filters and installing the blocking boards with/without opening holes inside the utility air chamber. Additionally, a parametric study on the geometrical variables of these alternatives is executed for attaining the appropriate parameter combination for an effective improvement design. In conclusion, the numerical calculation indicates that this new design upgrades the uniform level of velocity distribution from the original 28.3 % to 89.3%. Besides, the reversed flow, circulation, and pollutant deposition are successfully eliminated and expelled from the loading area of vertical furnace.
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Hong, Pao-Lin, and 洪寶林. "Study on the Fuel Loading at Four Types of Coastal Vegetation in Longkeng Area." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46885001528640487270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
91
The thirty-fifth working in Hengchun compartment that is the most serious area occurring forest fire in Taiwan, the forest-fire would been influenced by the weather, geography and fuel; the weather, geography, are very hard been managed by mankind and the fuel is easier for human being to handle, therefore, before studying the forest-fire, we should realize the characteristics of fuels. Casuarina spp. Vegetation type: The total estimate amount is 384.60±25.91 ton/ha..The other hardwood Vegetation type: The total estimate amount is 241.49 ±19.97 ton/ha..Pandanus odoratissimus Vegetation type: The total estimate amount is 125.47 ±10.63 ton/ha..Grass Vegetation type: The total estimate amount is 11.83 ±1.01 ton/ha.
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Liu, Shih-Chieh, and 劉世傑. "Characteristics of Street Dust Loading with Control Measures - A Case Study of Northern Taiwan Area." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8753m9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
98
Understanding the characteristic of street dust in Northern Taiwan Area by three strategies. Firstly, collecting five county street dust samples in Northern Taiwan. Secondly, selecting 30 roads and collecting the street dust samples in Taoyuan County. Lastly, evaluating the efficiency of street sweeping in Keelung City. The collection of street dust samples according to U. S. EPA AP-42 Procedures.There are based on a review of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods C-136. The amount of street dust loading are between 0.467 to 6.099 g/m2. The size of weight dust size is 8.3 ± 1.9 wt% with <75 μm, dust size is 26.3 ± 1.7 wt% with 75 ~ 300 μm, dust size is 22.8 ± 6.7 wt% with 300 ~ 850 μm and dust size is 42.5 ± 4.9 wt% with >850 μm.
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Chen, Zih-Jie, and 陳子傑. "Characteristics of Street Dust Loading with Control Measures - A Case Study on Southern Taiwan Area." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j2zhpn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
100
The dissertation presents the characteristic of street dust in Yun - Chia - Nan Air Quality Area and Kao - Ping Air Quality Area,which are the worst PSI in Taiwan. Collecting five county street dust samples in Southern Taiwan, and selecting 25 roads and collecting the street dust samples in Taoyuan County.The sample collection method for the street dust according to U. S. EPA AP-42 procedures, which are based on a review of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods C-136. It was found that the amount of street dust loading is 1.854 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.592 g/m2. In Yunlin,the amount of street dust loading is 1.838 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.592 g/m2;In Chiayi,the amount of street dust loading is 0.791 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.326 g/m2; In Tainan,the amount of street dust loading is 1.530 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.423 g/m2; In Kaohsiung,the amount of street dust loading is 1.748 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.515 g/m2; In Pingtung,the amount of street dust loading is 3.739 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 1.225 g/m2
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Shyy, Jaan Horng, and 史展宏. "Analysis of Real Contact Area and Contact Loading between a Fractal Rough Surface and a Flat Plane." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66498905238345447590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
機械工程學系
85
In the present paper, the topography of rough surface is simulated by using thefractal geometry. The mathematically created rough surface is brought in contact with a flat surface under a normal loading. the relationship of real contact area versus the contact loading was then investigated.In general, the governing parameters of the fractal geometry,i.e., D1,A1 and Wcare obained from the power spectrum of the rough surface being simulated. Thereal contact area and contact loading are calculated by virtue of the Hertziantheory. The criterion for the contact asperity being elastic or plastic is provided.It is found that the height distribution of the rough surface created by thefractal geometry has a random nature which satisfiesthe normal distribution. Variation in the parameter D1 is the primary role to simulate the rough surface. Due to plastic deformation, the rough surface creates rapidly the conatct area under loading. Constant real contact pressure, which is larger fora rough surface, is obained for every contact surfaces.
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Lin, Cheng-Yi, and 林晟誼. "A Study on Characteristics of Street Dust Loading with Dirt Reduction Management- A Case on Northern Taiwan Area." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nuh536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
99
Understanding the characteristic of street dust in Northern Taiwan Area by two strategies. Firstly, collecting six county street dust samples in Northern Taiwan. Secondly, selecting 30 roads and collecting the street dust samples in Taoyuan County. Lastly. The collection of street dust samples according to U. S. EPA AP-42 Procedures.There are based on a review of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods C-136. The amount of street dust loading are between 0.738 to 14.176 g/m2. The size of weight dust size is 9.6 ± 1.6 wt% with <75 μm, dust size is 27.9 ± 5.9 wt% with 75 ~ 297 μm, dust size is 32.6 ± 4.5 wt% with 297 ~ 850 μm and dust size is 30.0 ± 5.2% with >850 μm. In Taoyuan County, the average per month from the road dust load and average silt load value to the discussion, Township / City street dust roads of the average monthly load variability smaller, road dust load is 2.892 ± 0.786 g/m2, County Road dust load of the average monthly is 3.621 ± 0.897 g/m2, Provincial Road dust load of the average monthly load variability of the larger road dust, road dust load is 3.787 ± 1.179 g/m2, in order to compare aspects of silt dust load, Provincial silt load is 0.421 ± 0.143 g/m2, County Road silt load is 0.457 ± 0.133 g/m2, Township / City silt load is 0.383 ± 0.132 g/m2.
30
Modig, Amanda. "How much does a tributary located in an industrial area contribute to nutrient loading of an agriculturally dominated river?" Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-35121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Eutrophication is a wide spread problem all over the world, this is due to enrichment of surplus nutrients entering water ecosystems. The high concentration of nutrients come from different sources like rural activities, industrial areas and other human activities. This can lead to a high nutrient load entering seas and lakes in the nature. Tributaries can contribute with nutrient loading to main rivers, a tributary like that is Kistingebäcken. Aim: The aim is to investigate how big the nutrient concentration and loading of phosphorus and nitrogen Kistingebäcken contributes to Trönningeån. It will also be investigated if there are any main point source emission of phosphorus and nitrogen from the industrial area located along Kistingebäcken. Method: Water samples were collected in a tributary called Kistingebäcken and in the main river Trönningeån located in the county of Halland, Sweden. These were analyzed to see how much nitrogen and phosphorus they contained. The definition of nutrient concentration is the nutrient level present in an area of a river, while the definition of nutrient load is the quantity of flowing nutrients trough a river which eventually enters lakes, rivers or the sea. Results: There was no significant difference in the total nitrogen concentration between sample point 6 (before the tributary) and sample point 7 (after the tributary) (P=0.904). There was no significant difference in the total phosphorus concentration between sample point 6 (before the tributary) and sample point 7 (after the tributary) (P=0.743). The nutrient load from sample point 5 contributed with 17-26 kg N/day (11-14%) and 0.29-0.32 kg P/day (13-23%) to Trönningeån. The difference in nutrient load between sample point 6 and 7 was 48-61kg N/day (27-40%) and 0.16-0.5 kg P/day (11-23%). Tukey post hoc test showed that sample point 1 had significantly higher nitrogen concentration in comparison to sample point 2, 3, 4 and 5 (P= 0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001). Sample point 2 had higher phosphorus concentrations in comparison to sample point 1, 3, 4 and 5 (P= 0.033, P<0.001, P=0.001 and P<0.001). Conclusion: Nitrogen and phosphorus do not increase in concentration after the tributary (sample point 7) in Trönningeån. However, the total nitrogen and phosphorus load increased between 27-40% and 11-23% in Trönningeån after the tributary. Sample point 1 and 2 had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and are the main point source emissions in Kistingebäcken, probably due to the landfill facility.
31
Lin, Ting-Wei, and 林庭緯. "Characteristics of Street Dust Loading with Effect on Air Quality PM—A Case Study of Cental and Southern Taiwan Area." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m3xjxe.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
102
The dissertation presents the characteristic of street dust in Cental and Southern Taiwan Air Quality Area,which are the worst PSI in Taiwan. Collecting eight county street dust samples in Cental and Southern Taiwan, and selecting 37 roads.The sample collection method for the street dust according to U. S. EPA AP-42 procedures, which are based on a review of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods C-136. It was found that the amount of street dust loading is 2.080 g/m2, the amount of street slit loading is 0.606 g/m2. Street dust loading and street slit loading had the highest value in Nantou County, lowest value in Chiayi County. In the case of street sweeping frequency of three times a week, the amount of street slit loading reduced between about 0.038 to 0.540 g/m2 and street ambient PM10 concentration reduction efficiency can up to 7%. Further to estimate the PM2.5 concentration. As the PM2.5 concentration in the air was 15μg/m3 and roads silt load grading standards Class B. In the case of street sweeping frequency of three times a week, the air quality area PM2.5 concentration reduction efficiency was 0.012 %. The results showed that street sweeping only reduced air quality area PM2.5 concentrations 0.0018 μg / m3
32
Chen, Te-Lung, and 陳德隆. "A Study of Ground Improvement Techniques of Pre-loading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains Construction Method—Illustrated by the Land Reclamation Project at Warehousing and Logistic Area in Taipei Port." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9e36m4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
106
Abstract This study investigates the process construction, removal of construction obstacles and the inspection of land subsidence in the land reclamation project at Warehousing and Logistic Area in Taipei Port. Taipei Port was built in 1993. The first phase of land reclamation construction was meant to solve the problem of lack of land storage, and the storage land was built by 10,730,000 m3 waste soil into a 43-ha reclamation. Different from most cases in the western Taiwan being reclaimed on sedimentary rock, the composition of the reclamation in this case was rather more complicated. Therefore, the SPT-N level ranged from 1 to more than 100, and its moisture content was up to 51%, which was a rare pre-loading with prefabricated vertical drains construction case in Taiwan. This case study entails the techniques of pre-loading with prefabricated vertical drains construction method. The method utilizes pre-loaded soil to enhance the soil stress. The dead load would thus stimulate the saturated and weak clay deposit to enhance the excess pore water pressure and succeed in the effect of preloading. Prefabricated vertical drains are, therefore, employed to enlarge the drain path of pore water or shorten drain distance. In so doing, the preloading time will be shortened and the soil resistivity will be strengthened to achieve the expected amount of consolidated settlement. The results showed that the properties and nature condition of soil would affect the construction of drains relatively. The geographical location, weather, nature environmental factor and timing of construction would all be possible factors influencing the rather low rate of work in building draining system. The results of practical experiment showed a subsidence value close to the theoretical one, which could be evidence that draining system will be functioning and could compress the construction time. Key words：Rec1aimed land, Excess Pore Water Pressure, Prefabricated Vertical Drain, Preconsolidation Load, Consolidation Settlement.
33
Habib, Eric. "Methods and physical chemistry of resin-based dental composites." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20441.
Повний текст джерела
34
陳建廷Chen, Chien-Ting, and 陳建廷. "Dynamic Response of Taipei Arena due to dynamic loading from balcony seats." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03812778657497453885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
系統工程暨造船學系
104
This paper reviews the structural reaction of Taipei Arena to vibration once dynamic load occurs in auditorium. vibration is generated by the dynamic load during performances in Taipei Arena and makes nearby residents uncomfortable. By researching on the root causes of this issue, we can acknowledge the structural reaction to vibration in Taipei Arena while dynamical load occurring in balcony seat. The research is composed with two steps. The first step is to test experimental measurement on the site, and experimenters can find the maximum vibration is 2.5 Hz. The second step is to stimulate natural frequency modality and reaction to dynamical load on auditorium by Abaqus, software of Finite Element Method, and the Finite Element Method is set to use Shell element and Beam element. By stimulating with Finite Element Method in Abaqus, experimenters can acquire that the first few natural frequency modalities range from 1 to 5 Hz. Then experimenters observe the reaction to vibration under dynamical load when simulating conditions which audiences cause by jumping. Finally, the results of simulation demonstrate that the oscillation waves are caused mainly by the burden of third-floor balcony seat. and the waves march horizontally. The experimental measurements are matched with the results of simulation so that experimenters can understand effects that audiences jumping and screaming during shows in Taipei Arena cause on nearby residents and the natural frequency modality and the structural reaction to vibration of Taipei Arena once dynamical load occurs in balcony seat. Finally, by experiment and simulation results validate each other and propose solutions . Key words: Dynamic load, Vibration Mode, Natural frequency
35
Teng, Yu-Chieh, and 鄧宇傑. "A study of Nonpoint Source Pollution Unit Areal Loadings for Highway Runoff." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h6532q.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
98
The present research aims to quantify the highway runoff pollution. The research site was placed at the section of Zhongxiao to Chang’an in Jianguo viaduct (Site A) and the roadway front of the Ping-Lin Expressway Management Station (Site B) and Ping-Lin gas station (Site C). Site A was located in Taipei city, and Site B and Site C were located in the upstream area of the Feitsui resevoir watershed. This study depends on stormwater sampling and the Unit Area Loadings. According to this research (from September, 2009 to June, 2010), the results indicate that the relation between suspended solids (SS) concentration and discharge is obvious in the three sites. The top concentration of SS and ammonia (NH3-N) happen before the top flow. Heavy rain would increase the runoff volume and dilute the concentration of NH3-N gradually. It was observed that SS、total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demend (COD) event mean concentrations (EMCs) of runoff from the Jianguo viaduct (Site A) were twice as much as suburban sites. During the storm, the EMCs of NH3-N were five times as much as the Site B. Because the vehicles engine working, it would make a lots of exhaust fumes. It is also the reason for causing nitrogen. The annual average daily traffic (AADT) of Site A is more than that of Site B, as a result the EMC of NH3-N is much higher than of Site B. The yearly quantity of SS produced by Pin-lin gas station is much higher than other two stations. However, the quantity of nutrients, COD and heavy mental materials contained in Site A are highest in three study sites. The unit area load of pollution measured at highway is much higher than it at other kinds of land uses in Taiwan. It shows that the high unit areal loading of nonpoint source of pollution is a serious problem facing Taiwan. After all, we must face it and solve it. In the different season rain type, the rain intensity will be different. The pollution concentration would be affected by the forward factor.
36
Neves, Luciana Paiva das. "Experimental stability analysis of geotextile encapsulated-sand systems under wave-loading." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65533.
Повний текст джерела
37
Neves, Luciana Paiva das. "Experimental stability analysis of geotextile encapsulated-sand systems under wave-loading." Tese, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65533.
Повний текст джерела
38
Chen, Yen-Fu, and 陳彥甫. "A study of Nonpoint Source Pollution Unit Areal Loadings for Tea Farm and Forest." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29051375759186712394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
91
To estimate the output of NPS in the tea farm and forest of Feitsui watershed, this study depends on stormwater sampling and the Unit Area Loadings. According to this research from May 27, 2001 to December 8, 2002, it showed that the relation of concentrations and discharge is not obvious in the forest, but in tea farm. The EMC result showed that the scours in the tea farm is higher than others, and so is its concentration. During the storm, the concentration of NH3-N in the tea farm is higher than it in the creek. Because the Diyu creek is nearby the tea farm, the TP and SS are higher than Pei-shih creek; the NH3-N in Pei-shih creek, however, is higher than it in Diyu creek because there were residence that emitted polluted water in the sampling station of Pei-shih creek. The concentration of storm is higher after fertilizing, so it is obvious that the storm runoff affects heavily to water body. The Unit Area Loadings of SS and TP is obviously meet USEPA’S interval. The Unit Area Loadings of the tea farm absolute related to its current situation. According to the result from Multiple regression model and EMC showed that the TP in the forest is nearly the same to the NH3-N in the tea farm, and it is much more reliable.
39
Belachew, Mengesha Dagne. "Performance evaluation of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for the treatment of domestic wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the performance of pilot scale constructed wetlands for
the treatment of domestic wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Three parallel sets of constructed
wetlands; consisting of one Horizontal Flow (HF), one Vertical Flow (VF) and one hybrid of HF and VFconstructed
in series were built in Addis Ababa. The wetland systems had identical wetland fill media and
macrophytes but with different wastewater flow types. The total surface area of the wetland systems was
72 m2 /24 m2 for each/ and designed to treat 3.15 m3 of domestic wastewater per day. Triplicate grab
samples were taken from the influent and effluents every 15 days for one year and analyzed within 24
hours. Temperature, pH, DO and EC were measured onsite and the nutrient content of macrophytes was
determined twice during the monitoring period.
During the first 12 months monitoring period, the average removal efficiencies of the HFCW, VFCW and
hybrid CW were: BOD (89.1%, 92.2% and 93.4%), COD (80.6%, 82.1% and 84.0%), TSS (89.1, 83.8%
and 84.7%), NH4
+ (58.6%, 66.2% and 65.4%), NO3
- (64.0%, 71.5% and 73.5%), TN (49.1%, 54.9% and
58.7%), PO4
3- (45.4%, 50.3% and 48.4%), TP (58.0%, 51.7% and 54.4%) and FC (98.6%, 96.6% and
96.5%), respectively. The hybrid system showed relatively higher removal efficiencies for most
pollutants. Again, the wetland systems showed relatively higher percent reduction during the dry seasons
/from Dec - May/. The areal removal rate constants of BOD5, TN, PO4
3- and TP were higher than the
literature values while the values of COD and TSS were lower compared to the literature values.
Concerning the nutrient content of the wetland plant, the average TN contents of the below-ground and
above-ground plant part were 1.56% and 2.27% for the HFCW, 1.75% and 2.74% for the VFCW and
1.80% and 2.63% for the hybrid system, respectively. Meanwhile, the average TP contents of the belowground
and above-ground plant part were 0.139% and 0.064% for the HFCW, 0.167% and 0.067% for the
VFCW and 0.115% and 0.065% for the hybrid systems, respectively.
In general, the results showed that properly designed constructed wetland systems could be used as
effective wastewater treatment method in Ethiopia.Environmental Sciences
Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)
40
Nascimento, Catarina Coelho Beato do. "Análise da época desportiva 2014-2015 da equipa de natação de competição do Sport Lisboa e Benfica." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente relatório reflete o trabalho que desenvolvi durante o estágio curricular em natação integrado no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Treino Desportivo, realizado na equipa de juvenis, juniores e seniores do Sport Lisboa e Benfica.
Iniciei o estágio no dia 8 de setembro de 2014 e finalizei no dia 26 de julho de 2015, dia em que terminaram os Campeonatos Nacionais de Juvenis e Absolutos. A minha intervenção diária no clube fez com que pudesse estar efetivamente como treinadora, com intervenção ao nível das correções técnicas, da preparação física e ajudando os treinadores nas tarefas diárias do treino.
Este relatório está dividido em 7 capítulos, sendo eles, a introdução, a revisão da literatura, a análise técnica, o planeamento e periodização do treino, a análise do 1º e 2º macrociclo, o projeto científico (engloba os trabalhos científicos promovidos durante o estágio) e outros trabalhos desenvolvidos. Para além dos 7 capítulos, inclui-se uma reflexão final de estágio e as referências bibliográficas.
Em suma a execução deste relatório permitiu-me entender como planear uma época desportiva, como fazer uma análise técnica e respetivas correções, como aplicar testes de terreno e retirar níveis de lactato e, principalmente, como é ser treinadora.This report reflects the work I developed during the internship in swimming, as part of the Master's degree in Sports Training, held in Sport Lisboa e Benfica’s juvenile, juniors and seniors teams. The internship started on September 8, 2014 and finished on July 26, 2015, the day that National Championships for Youth and Absolute went over. My daily intervention enabled me to be a coach, with interventions in three levels: technical corrections, physical preparation and to help other coaches in daily tasks. This report is divided into seven chapters, namely, introduction, literature review, technical analysis, planning and periodization of training, the analysis of the 1st and 2nd macrocycle, the scientific project ( includes scientific work promoted during the internship) and other work done through the internship time. In addition to the 7 chapters, a final reflection about the internship and bibliographic references are included. Shortly, the writing of this report allowed me to understand how to plan a sports season, how to make technical analysis and respective corrections, how to apply field tests and remove lactate levels, and especially how to be a coach.
41
Vieira, João Pedro Castro. "Relatório da época desportiva da Equipa de Natação do Clube de Futebol “Os Belenenses” : 2016/2017." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente relatório surge no âmbito do plano de estudos do curso de Mestrado em Treino Desportivo, visando refletir sobre o trabalho efetuado durante o estágio realizado na equipa de natação de juvenis, juniores e seniores do Clube Futebol “Os Belenenses”.
O estágio ocorreu entre os 28 de Outubro de 2016 e 23 de Julho de 2017, data onde terminou a época desportiva 2016/2017 com os Campeonatos Nacionais de Juvenis e Absolutos.
Este relatório encontra-se dividido em 7 capítulos: Introdução, Revisão da Literatura, Técnica dos Estilos de Nado, Planeamento e Periodização do Treino do CFB, Projeto de Investigação Científica e Inovação Pedagógica, Reflexões Finais e Referências Bibliográficas.
No projeto de investigação científica estudou-se o Controlo de Treino, centrando-se nos Indicadores de Fadiga para Nadadores, através de Questionários e da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca.This report is a result of my master’s degree in Sports Training, reflecting on the work analysis collected during the internship done in the swimming team of Youth, Juniors and Seniors of the Football Club "Os Belenenses". The internship took place between October 28, 2016 and July 23, 2017, which ceased when the 2016/2017 sports season ended with the National Championships of Youth and Absolutes. This report is divided into 7 chapters: Introduction, Literature Review, Swimming Technique, CFB Training Planning and Periodization, Scientific Research for Pedagogical Purpose and Innovation, Final Considerations and Bibliographic References. During the scientific research some aspects were analysed and studied such as Training Control, with special focus on the Fatigue Indicators for Swimmers, through Questionnaires and Heart Rate Variability. Keywords: