Статті в журналах: "LMI and BMI"

1

De-la-O, Alejandro, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Manuel J. Castillo, Luis Gracia-Marco, Ángel Gutierrez, and Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete. "Relationship between 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults: The FIT-AGEING Study." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112567.

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Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem that, in addition to its well-known negative effects on musculoskeletal health, has been related to a wide range of acute and chronic age-related diseases. However, little is known about the association of body composition with the active, hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D plasma levels (1,25(OH)2D). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of 1,25(OH)2D with body composition including lean and fat body mass as well as bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged sedentary adults. A total of 73 (39 women) middle-aged sedentary adults (53.7 ± 5.1 years old) participated in the current study. We measured weight and height, and we used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure lean body mass, fat body mass and BMD. Body mass index (BMI), lean mass index (LMI), and fat mass index (FMI) were calculated. 1,25(OH)2D was measured using a DiaSorin Liaison® immunochemiluminometric analyzer. The results showed a negative association of 1,25(OH)2D with BMI, LMI and BMD (β = −0.274, R2 = 0.075, p = 0.019; β = −0.268, R2 = 0.072, p = 0.022; and β = −0.325, R2 = 0.105, p = 0.005, respectively), which persisted after controlling for age and sex. No significant differences in 1,25(OH)2D across body weight status were observed after controlling for the same covariates. In summary, our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D could be negatively associated with BMI, LMI and BMD whereas no association was found with FMI in middle-aged sedentary adults.

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2

Kananen, Laura, Markus Haapanen, Tuija Mikkola, Juulia Jylhävä, Niko Wasenius, Johan Eriksson, and Mikaela von Bonsdorff. "FRAILTY IN MIDLIFE AS A PREDICTOR OF CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION FROM MIDLIFE INTO OLD AGE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1045–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3361.

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Abstract Few studies have investigated the association between frailty and subsequent body composition. We performed separate linear mixed model analyses in 996 adults (mean age at baseline[SD]: 61.5[2.9]) in a Finnish longitudinal birth cohort study to explore the relationships between changes in frailty status assessed by the Rockwood 41-item-frailty-index (FI) and changes in body mass index (BMI), lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and FMI to LMI-ratio values during 17 years of follow-up. With advancing age, LMI and BMI decreased, whereas FMI and FMI to LMI -ratio increased. Those who were frail (FI≥ 0.25) already at baseline, followed by those who became frail during the follow-up, experienced faster decreases in LMI and faster increases in FMI and FMI to LMI -ratio values relative to those who were ‘never frail’. Contrastingly, those in the highest third of absolute annual increase in FMI and FMI to LMI-ratio became frailer faster over time relative to those in the lowest third. We found evidence of an adverse health outcome of frailty where lean indices declined faster and fat indices and fat to lean -ratios increased faster from midlife into old age. The changes resembled those that occurred with aging, but at a faster pace. The relationship between body composition and frailty is likely bidirectional, where high or increasing levels of fat are associated with the risk of becoming frailer earlier, but where a longer duration of frailty may increase the risk of faster age-related changes to body composition.

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McClain, Kathleen M., Christine M. Friedenreich, Charles E. Matthews, Joshua N. Sampson, David P. Check, Darren R. Brenner, Kerry S. Courneya, Rachel A. Murphy, and Steven C. Moore. "Body Composition and Metabolomics in the Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial." Journal of Nutrition 152, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab388.

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Abstract Background Obesity is correlated with many biomarkers, but the extent to which these correlate with underlying body composition is poorly understood. Objectives Our objectives were to 1) describe/compare distinct contributions of fat/lean mass with BMI–metabolite correlations and 2) identify novel metabolite biomarkers of fat/lean mass. Methods The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial was a 2-center randomized trial of healthy, inactive, postmenopausal women (n = 304). BMI (in kg/m2) was calculated using weight and height, whereas DXA estimated fat/lean mass. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry measured relative concentrations of serum metabolite concentrations. We estimated partial Pearson correlations between 1052 metabolites and BMI, adjusting for age, smoking, and site. Fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2) and lean mass index (LMI; kg/m2) correlations were estimated similarly, with mutual adjustment to evaluate independent effects. Results Using a Bonferroni-corrected α level <4.75 × 10–5, we observed 53 BMI-correlated metabolites (|r| = 0.24–0.42). Of those, 21 were robustly correlated with FMI (|r| > 0.20), 25 modestly (0.10 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.20), and 7 virtually null (|r| < 0.10). Ten of 53 were more strongly correlated with LMI than with FMI. Examining non–BMI-correlated metabolites, 6 robustly correlated with FMI (|r| = 0.24–0.31) and 2 with LMI (r = 0.25–0.26). For these, correlations for fat and lean mass were in opposing directions compared with BMI-correlated metabolites, in which correlations were mostly in the same direction. Conclusions Our results demonstrate how a thorough evaluation of the components of fat and lean mass, along with BMI, provides a more accurate assessment of the associations between body composition and metabolites than BMI alone. Such an assessment makes evident that some metabolites correlated with BMI predominantly reflect lean mass rather than fat, and some metabolites related to body composition are not correlated with BMI. Correctly characterizing these relations is important for an accurate understanding of how and why obesity is associated with disease.

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4

Hong, Yooha, and Hee-Jin Im. "0904 Exaggerated hypoxia burden of sleep apnea in patients with hyperacute lateral medullary infarction." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0904.

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Abstract Introduction Acute lateral medullary infarction (LMI) can sometimes appear with respiratory failure in the acute stage. Polysomnographic investigations have shown a specific association between LMI and sleep apnea syndrome. The aim of our study was to investigate this association in hyperacute stage of LMI. Methods We investigated 8 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) for sleep apnea during hyperacute stage of LMI and compared the data to 8 healthy control subjects matched according to age, sex, body-mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The PSG was performed within an average of 1.5 days after the onset of neurological symptoms. PSG recordings in the hyperacute phase of LMI were analyzed. Results Six patients were males (75%) and two were females (25%). The average age of the patients was 51.9 ± 14.5 years and the average BMI was 27.2 ± 3.5. According to the AHI results of patients with LMI in the hyperacute phase, there were 2 (25%) cases of mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 2 (25%) cased of moderate OSA, and 4 (50%) cases of severe OSA. The central sleep apnea index was higher in the patient group (4.3 ± 5.4/hr) than the control group 0.6 ± 0.4/hr) and was statistically significant (p=0.035). On the other hand, sleep parameters (obstructive sleep apnea index, respiratory arousal index, mean saturation) related to obstructive sleep apnea were poor in the control group. Conclusion Our study showed that sleep apnea syndrome, particularly CSA, is common in the hyperacute phase of LMI compared to control group. Early recognition of this problem and appropriate intervention may minimize the adverse effects on the respiratory system and improve the prognosis. Further and follow-up studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance and appropriate treatment options in these patients. Support (if any)

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Levi Micheli, Matteo, Roberto Cannataro, Massimo Gulisano, and Gabriele Mascherini. "Proposal of a New Parameter for Evaluating Muscle Mass in Footballers through Bioimpedance Analysis." Biology 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081182.

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The evaluation of muscle mass in athletes correlates with sports performance directly. Bioimpedance vector analysis is a growing method of assessing body composition in athletes because it is independent of predictive formulas containing variables such as body weight, ethnicity, age, and sex. The study aims to propose a new parameter (Levi’s Muscle Index, LMI) that evaluates muscle mass through raw bioelectrical data. A total of 664 male footballers underwent bioimpedance assessment during the regular season. LMI was correlated with body cell mass (BCM) and phase angle (PA) to establish efficacy. The footballers were 24.5 ± 5.8 years old, 180.7 ± 5.9 cm tall and weighed 76.3 ± 7.1 kg. The relationships were: LMI-BMI: r = 0.908, r2 = 0.824, p < 0.001; LMI-PA: r = 0.704, r2 = 0.495, p = 0.009 and PA-BCM: r = 0.491, r2 = 0.241, p < 0.001. The results obtained confirm that LMI could be considered a new parameter that provides reliable information to evaluate the muscle mass of athletes. Furthermore, the higher LMI-BCM relationship than PA-BCM demonstrates specificity for muscle mass evaluation in athletes regardless of body weight, ethnicity, age, and sex.

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Bradshaw, Patrick T., Jose P. Zevallos, Kathy Wisniewski, and Andrew F. Olshan. "A Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis to Partition Body Mass Index Into Components of Body Composition: An Application to Head and Neck Cancer Survival." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 11 (September 5, 2019): 2031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz188.

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Abstract Previous studies have suggested a “J-shaped” relationship between body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) and survival among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. However, BMI is a vague measure of body composition. To provide greater resolution, we used Bayesian sensitivity analysis, informed by external data, to model the relationship between predicted fat mass index (FMI, adipose tissue (kg)/height (m)2), lean mass index (LMI, lean tissue (kg)/height (m)2), and survival. We estimated posterior median hazard ratios and 95% credible intervals for the BMI-mortality relationship in a Bayesian framework using data from 1,180 adults in North Carolina with HNC diagnosed between 2002 and 2006. Risk factors were assessed by interview shortly after diagnosis and vital status through 2013 via the National Death Index. The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was convex, with a nadir at 28.6, with greater risk observed throughout the normal weight range. The sensitivity analysis indicated that this was consistent with opposing increases in risk with FMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 1.04 (1.00, 1.08)) and decreases with LMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 0.90 (0.85, 0.95)). Patterns were similar for HNC-specific mortality but associations were stronger. Measures of body composition, rather than BMI, should be considered in relation to mortality risk.

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Ong, Yi Ying, Jonathan Y. Huang, Navin Michael, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Wen Lun Yuan, Ling-Wei Chen, Neerja Karnani, et al. "Cardiometabolic Profile of Different Body Composition Phenotypes in Children." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 5 (February 1, 2021): e2015-e2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab003.

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Abstract Context Cardiometabolic profiles of different body composition phenotypes are poorly characterized in young children, where it is well established that high adiposity is unfavorable, but the role of lean mass is unclear. Objective We hypothesized that higher lean mass attenuates cardiometabolic risk in children with high fat mass. Methods In 6-year-old children (n = 377) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective birth cohort, whole-body composition was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance, a novel validated technology. Based on fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI), 4 body composition phenotypes were derived: low FMI-low LMI (LF-LL), low FMI-high LMI (LF-HL), high FMI-low LMI (HF-LL), high FMI-high LMI (HF-HL). Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (BMI) z-score, fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome risk score, fatty liver index, and blood pressure Results Compared with the LF-HL group, children in both high FMI groups had increased BMI z-score (HF-HL: 1.43 units 95% CI [1.11,1.76]; HF-LL: 0.61 units [0.25,0.96]) and metabolic syndrome risk score (HF-HL: 1.64 [0.77,2.50]; HF-LL: 1.28 [0.34,2.21]). The HF-HL group also had increased fatty liver index (1.15 [0.54,1.77]). Girls in HF-HL group had lower fasting plasma glucose (–0.29 mmol/L [–0.55,–0.04]) and diastolic blood pressure (–3.22 mmHg [–6.03,–0.41]) than girls in the HF-LL group. No similar associations were observed in boys. Conclusion In a multi-ethnic Asian cohort, lean mass seemed to protect against some cardiometabolic risk markers linked with adiposity, but only in girls. The FMI seemed more important than lean mass index in relation to cardiometabolic profiles of young children.

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Gargiulo, Sara, Matteo Gramanzini, Rosario Megna, Adelaide Greco, Sandra Albanese, Claudio Manfredi, and Arturo Brunetti. "Evaluation of Growth Patterns and Body Composition in C57Bl/6J Mice Using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253067.

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The normal growth pattern of female C57BL/6J mice, from 5 to 30 weeks of age, has been investigated in a longitudinal study. Weight, body surface area (BS), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in forty mice. Lean mass and fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Weight and BS increased linearly (16.15±0.64–27.64±1.42 g;51.13±0.74–79.57±2.15 cm2,P<0.01), more markedly from 5 to 9 weeks of age(P<0.001). BMD showed a peak at 17 weeks (0.0548±0.0011 g/cm2*m,P<0.01). Lean mass showed an evident gain at 9 (15.8±0.8 g,P<0.001) and 25 weeks (20.5±0.3 g,P<0.01), like fat mass from 13 to 17 weeks (2.0±0.4–3.6±0.7 g,P<0.01). BMI and lean mass index (LMI) reached the highest value at 21 weeks (3.57±0.02–0.284±0.010 g/cm2, resp.), like fat mass index (FMI) at 17 weeks (0.057±0.009 g/cm2) (P<0.01). BMI, weight, and BS showed a moderate positive correlation (0.45–0.85) with lean mass from 5 to 21 weeks. Mixed linear models provided a good prediction for lean mass, fat mass, and BMD. This study may represent a baseline reference for a future comparison of wild-type C57BL/6J mice with models of altered growth.

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Soliman, Hisham M., and Mahmoud Soliman. "Design of Observer-Based Robust Power System Stabilizers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 5 (August 11, 2016): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.11802.

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Power systems are subject to undesirable small oscillations that might grow to cause system shutdown and consequently great loss of national economy. The present manuscript proposes two designs for observer-based robust power system stabilizer (PSS) using Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach to damp such oscillations. A model to describe power system dynamics for different loads is derived in the norm-bounded form. The first controller design is based on the derived model to achieve robust stability against load variation. The design is based on a new Bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) condition. The BMI optimization is solved interatively in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework. The condition contains a symmetric positive definite full matrix to be obtained, rather than the commonly used block diagonal form. The difficulty in finding a feasible solution is thus alleviated. The resulting LMI is of small size, easy to solve. The second PSS design shifts the closed loop poles in a desired region so as to achieve a favorite settling time and damping ratio via a non-iterative solution to a set of LMIs. The approach provides a systematic way to design a robust output feedback PSS which guarantees good dynamic performance for different loads. Simulation results based on single-machine and multi-machine power system models verify the ability of the proposed PSS to satisfy control objectives for a wide range of load conditions.

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Soliman, Hisham M., and Mahmoud Soliman. "Design of Observer-Based Robust Power System Stabilizers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 5 (August 11, 2016): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp1956-1966.

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Power systems are subject to undesirable small oscillations that might grow to cause system shutdown and consequently great loss of national economy. The present manuscript proposes two designs for observer-based robust power system stabilizer (PSS) using Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach to damp such oscillations. A model to describe power system dynamics for different loads is derived in the norm-bounded form. The first controller design is based on the derived model to achieve robust stability against load variation. The design is based on a new Bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) condition. The BMI optimization is solved interatively in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework. The condition contains a symmetric positive definite full matrix to be obtained, rather than the commonly used block diagonal form. The difficulty in finding a feasible solution is thus alleviated. The resulting LMI is of small size, easy to solve. The second PSS design shifts the closed loop poles in a desired region so as to achieve a favorite settling time and damping ratio via a non-iterative solution to a set of LMIs. The approach provides a systematic way to design a robust output feedback PSS which guarantees good dynamic performance for different loads. Simulation results based on single-machine and multi-machine power system models verify the ability of the proposed PSS to satisfy control objectives for a wide range of load conditions.

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11

Téllez, María José Arias, Francisco M. Acosta, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Victoria Muñoz-Hernández, Wendy D. Martinez-Avila, Pontus Henriksson, and Jonatan R. Ruiz. "Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020514.

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Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women.

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M. Soliman, Hisham, and Mahmoud Soliman. "Design of Observer-Based Robust Power System Stabilizers." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp38-48.

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Power systems are subject to undesirable small oscillations that might grow to cause system shutdown and consequently great loss of national economy. A model to describe power system dynamics for different loads is derived in the norm-bounded form. The first controller design is based on the derived model to achieve robust stability against load variation. The design is based on a new Bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) condition. The BMI optimization is solved interatively in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework. The condition contains a symmetric positive definite full matrix to be obtained, rather than the commonly used block diagonal form. The difficulty in finding a feasible solution is thus alleviated. The resulting LMI is of small size, easy to solve. The second PSS design shifts the closed loop poles in a desired region so as to achieve a favorite settling time and damping ratio via a non-iterative solution to a set of LMIs. Simulation results based on single-machine and multi-machine power system models verify the ability of the proposed PSS to satisfy control objectives for a wide range of load conditions.

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13

Fighera, Tayane, Betânia Rodrigues dos Santos, Letícia Kortz Motta Lima, and Poli Mara Spritzer. "RF06 | PSAT152 Associations between Bone Mass, Hormone Levels and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A223—A224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.458.

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Abstract Emerging evidence suggests an association between FSH and bone mass in peri- and postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to assess body composition parameters and hormone levels as risk factors for low bone mass in women with recent menopause. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed biorepository samples from 139 postmenopausal women aged 42 to 68 years with no evidence of clinical CVD. Inclusion criteria were as follows: menopause, defined as last menstrual period at least 12 months of amenorrhea and/or 6 months or more of amenorrhea plus FSH levels ≥35 mIU/mL occurring after 40 years of age, and no use of hormone therapy (HT) in the past 3 month. BMD and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), SHBG and FSH levels were measured in all patients. Serum estradiol levels were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay (GC/MS/MS) in a subset of 57 participants and free estrogen index (FEI) was estimated by dividing estradiol by SHBG × 100. Low bone mass was considered osteoporosis and osteopenia. The mean age was 54.33±5.30 years and median time since menopause was 4 (2 - 9) years. The mean BMI was 26.73±4.38 kg/m2 and 66% of participants were classified as overweight or obese. BMI, BMD and T-sc, lean mass index (LMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were lower, and SHBG was higher in women with FSH levels above the median values (83.6mUI/mL). FSH was inversely correlated with FEI (rho=-0.283, p=0.033) as well as with FMI (rho=-0.288, p=0.001) and LMI (rho=-0.186, p=0.029), but significance was lost after adjustment for estradiol levels (p=0.651). In the univariate linear regression analysis, FSH, FEI, time since menopause, SHBG, FMI and LMI were significant predictors to total femur bone mass, explaining 3.8%, 11.9%, 7.4%, 14.7%, 19.7% and 8.4% of variance in BMD at this site, respectively. In the multivariate model, the association of FSH, time since menopause and FMI with hip bone mass was no longer significant after inclusion of FEI in the respective model. The present results indicate that the negative association between FSH levels and femoral BMD in postmenopausal women are influenced by endogenous estradiol levels, time since menopause and fat mass. Additional studies are needed in order to further analyze whether some direct effect of FSH on bone mass may be additive to the presence of low bone mass in this population. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 1:05 p.m., Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

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Wang, Yan, Ali Zemouche, and Rajesh Rajamani. "A sequential LMI approach to design a BMI-based multi-objective nonlinear observer." European Journal of Control 44 (November 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2018.09.004.

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Veselý, Vojtech. "Robust Control Methods a Systematic Survey." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0009.

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The paper addresses the problem how to recognize a level of robust controller design and is aimed show the difficulties of implementation for practical use. In the first part of paper we introduce the survey of robust controller design for SISO systems with generalization design procedure for structured and unstructured uncertainties. The second part of paper is devoted to MIMO systems. In the frequency domain robust controller design procedure we reduce to independent design of SISO subsystems and in time domain the LMI or BMI approaches with polytopic system description are favorable.

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Qu, Chunxu, Linsheng Huo та Hongnan Li. "A ModifiedD-KIteration Approach for the Decentralizedℋ∞Control of Civil Structures with Parametric Uncertainties". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302565.

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This paper presents a robust decentralizedℋ∞controller design method to suppress the vibration of civil structures with the consideration of parametric uncertainties. The decentralizedℋ∞controller design is motivated by the double homotopy approach, which approximates the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) derived from bounded real lemma to linear matrix inequality (LMI), and gradually deforms a centralized controller to a decentralized controller. The centralizedℋ∞controller can be designed for the civil structures with the parametric uncertainties throughD-Kiteration method inμsynthesis, which can consider the diagonal block pattern of the uncertain matrix. This paper combines the double homotopy approach andD-Kiteration method to design the robust decentralizedℋ∞controller for the civil structures with parametric uncertainties. The proposed method is validated numerically with a four-story building example.

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Wang, Yan, Rajesh Rajamani, and Ali Zemouche. "Sequential LMI approach for the design of a BMI-based robust observer state feedback controller with nonlinear uncertainties." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 1246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.3948.

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Kraut, Jerome, Romain Modzelewski, Helene Lanic, Mickael Loschi, Marion Alcantara, Jean-Michel Picquenot, Stéphane Leprêtre, et al. "Sarcopenia Determined by Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is a Better Prognosis Factor Than Albuminemia or Charlson Index in Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL),." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3681.3681.

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Abstract Abstract 3681 The prognosis of elderly patients with DLBCL remains particularly poor. The most common explanation involves co-morbidities related to advanced age, which strongly impact chemotherapy feasibility and tolerance. Sarcopenia, defined by the depletion of skeletal muscle, is known to be associated with mortality in individuals with non-malignant diseases but also to be an unfavourable prognosis factor in patients with solid tumors. Its relevance in lymphoma is still unknown. Using a simple and routinely radiological approach, we assessed for the first time the prevalence of sarcopenia and its prognosis value in a population of elderly DLBCL patients. Patients and methods: Sarcopenia was retrospectively determined in 40 DLBCL (median age 78.5 y, range 70–88 y, 19 males), characterized as follow: age adjusted IPI 0–1 = 16, 2–3 = 24; treatment by R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like regimen, n = 39; median comorbidity Charlson index = 3 (range 2–7); mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) = 24.1 (40% with obesity or overweight, no patient classified as under weighted). Muscle mass was measured by analysis of stored CT images obtained for diagnostic purposes before any treatment. A lumbar vertebral landmark (L3) was selected because skeletal muscles in this region correspond to whole-body tissue quantities (Janssen et al. J Appl Physiol 2000). To calculate tissue cross sectional area (cm2), the surface of the muscular tissues was selected according to CT Hounsfield unit (range –29 to 150 for skeletal muscles). This value was normalized for stature to calculate the L3 muscle index (LMI, in cm2/m2). Results: According to the sex-specific cut-offs for LMI defined in solid tumors (55.4 cm2/m2 for men and 38.9 cm2/m2 for women), 19 DLBCL patients (47.5%,10 males) were considered as sarcopenic. Sarcopenic patients, as compared to non sarcopenic patients displayed a similar level of albuminemia, Charlson index, aaIPI, weight loss, BMI, performance status or B symptoms. By contrast the mean age was 81y in the sarcopenic group and 77y in the non sarcopenic group (p=0.003). With a median follow-up of 39 months, the 2y overall survival in the sarcopenic population was 38% as compared to 70% in the non-sarcopenic group (HR = 0.25; CI95%, 0.1–0.70; p=0.01). The prognostic value remains significant in the subgroup of patients younger than 80y (HR=0.12; CI95% 0.03–0.53; p=0.005). Mortality was mainly related to progressive disease in the sarcopenic group. Hypoalbuminemia tend to be correlated to an unfavourable outcome (p=0.06). In multivariate analysis including albuminemia and aaIPI, sarcopenia remains predictive of the outcome (p=0.03). LMI was also calculated after treatment at least 6 months following initial CT scan (n =30, mean interval =11.8 months, range 6.3–19.2). 11 patients (36%) displayed a reduction (> 5%) and 19 patients (64%) an increase (> 5%) or a stabilisation of the LMI. Conclusion: Sarcopenia assessed by CT scan appears as a strong prognosis factor in elderly DLBCL patients, more relevant than usual anthropometrical measures or usual prognostic factors. A prospective multicentric study is currently ongoing to validate these results and to determine if the sarcopenic status should be integrated in future strategies to treat elderly patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Kang, Myunggee, Jung Eun Yoo, Kyuwoong Kim, Seulggie Choi, and Sang Min Park. "Associations between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e018039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018039.

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ObjectivePrevious studies on the relationship between birth weight and obesity in adolescents have mostly been conducted within Western populations and have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents using the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES V).MethodsThe study population consisted of a total of 1304 (693 men and 611 women) participants aged between 12 and 18 years. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the association between birth weight and being overweight or obese. Furthermore, adjusted mean values for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) according to birth weight were calculated by multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsIndividuals within the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.76) compared with adolescents within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Female adolescents who were in the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be obese (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.41) compared with those within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Increasing FMI, but not LMI was associated with increasing birth weight (P for trend: 0.03). This tendency remained only in female population in sex-stratified analysis (P for trend: 0.03).ConclusionsHigh birth weight may lead to obesity and increased fat mass, but not lean mass. Adolescents born with high birth weight may benefit from close weight monitoring and early intervention against obesity.

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Elhani, H., H. Taoufik, A. Majjad, L. Taoubane, N. El Ouardi, and A. Bezza. "AB0371 PREVALENCE OF CACHEXIA IN A POPULATION OF MOROCCAN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1370.1–1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5586.

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BackgroundPrevalence of cachexia in a population of Moroccan women with rheumatoid arthritis.ObjectivesThe objective of our study is to assess body composition in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy controls.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study of 112 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to ACR/EULAR 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria; and 224 healthy women of the same age. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) results were obtained by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Rheumatoid cachexia (RC) was defined as a Lean mass index (LMI) below the 10th percentile and a Fat mass index (FMI) above the 25th percentile compared with the control group. We performed a comparison between RA patients and healthy controls and then performed multiple regression looking for factors associated with rheumatoid cachexia.ResultsThe prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia was 42.85% while the mean body mass index (BMI) was the same in both groups. RA patients had higher fat mass and lower lean mass compared with healthy controls. In our population, 78.60% of patients were on methotrexate and 12.50% on TNF inhibitor. Comparison between patients with and without CR showed that patients with CR have high disease activity, with the presence of more bone erosions. Regression showed that CR was significantly associated with bone erosions and disease activity (OR at 33.31 (8.42- 131.70) and 8.98 (1.64 - 49.20) respectively) This was independent of age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, duration of disease, cumulative steroid dose, and use of conventional or biologic background therapies.ConclusionOur study showed that nearly half of our RA patients have CR even with high BMI. CR in our work is associated with the presence of high disease activity, and the presence of bone erosions.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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Ságová, I., D. Pavai, D. Kantárová, D. Holováčová, M. Kužma, J. Payer, and P. Vaňuga. "Influence of Disease Activity and Body Composition Parameters on Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve in Acromegalic Patients." Physiological Research, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549//physiolres.934681.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is neuropathy that occurs due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Acromegaly is one of the important causes of CTS. The aim of this study was to examine median nerve with ultrasound in acromegalic patients and to assess the relationship with activity, duration of disease and body composition parameters. We prospectively examined the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve with high-resolution ultrasound in 107 acromegalic patients – control group (70 females and 37 males) and 107 healthy controls (70 females and 37 males) matched for age, gender, and BMI. Body composition parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Student t-tests and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. The cross sectional area of the median nerve was increased in acromegalic patients compared to controls (11.9±4.8 mm2 vs. 7.7±2.4 mm2, P<0.001). Positive correlation was found between IGF-1 levels and CSA in the acromegalic group (R = 0.400, P<0.001). Relationship between CSA and duration of acromegaly was not confirmed. In acromegalic patients, BMI correlated with the CSA (R=0.294, P=0.002). There was no significant difference in BMI, fat mass between the acromegalic and control group, but lean mass was higher in acromegalic patients compared with controls (54.8±13.3 vs. 51±11.6, P=0.047). Lean mass and LMI (total body lean mass/height) positively correlated with CSA in acromegalic patients (R=0.340, P<0.001; R=0.424, P<0.001). No correlation was observed between fat mass and CSA of median nerve in all groups. We confirmed the enlargement of the median nerve in acromegalic patients. This enlargement is proportional to the degree of IGF-1 levels and is not dependent on the duration of the disease. The enlargement of the median nerve in acromegalic patients also depends on lean body mass and is not dependent on fat body mass.

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Gasmi, Noussaiba, Mohamed Boutayeb, Assem Thabet, Ghazi Bel Haj Frej, and Mohamed Aoun. "Robust Control of a Class of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems: Design and Experimental Results on a Real-Time Emulator." Actuators 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10110303.

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The aim of this study is to develop a new observer-based stabilization strategy for a class of Lipschitz uncertain systems. This new strategy improves the performances of existing methods and ensures better convergence conditions. Sliding window approach involves previous estimated states and measurements in the observer and the control law structures which increase the number of decision variables in the constraint to be solved and offers less restrictive Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions. The established sufficient stability conditions are in the form of Bilinear Matrix Inequality (BMI) which is solved in two steps. First, by using a slack variable technique and an appropriate reformulation of the Young’s inequality. Second, by introducing a useful approach to transform the obtained constraint to a more suitable one easily tractable by standard software algorithms. A comparison with the standard case is provided to show the superiority of the proposed H∞ observer-based controller which offers greater degree of freedom. The accuracy and the potential of the proposed process are shown through real time implementation of the one-link flexible joint robot to ARDUINO UNO R3 device and numerical comparison with some existing results.

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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna H., Lilian Salami, Francis B. Zotor, and Christine Venter. "Health status of an elderly population in Sharpeville, South Africa." Health SA Gesondheid 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2008): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v13i3.282.

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The objective of this cross-sectional study was a comprehensive nutrition and health assessment to provide a basis for future intervention strategies for an elderly population attending a day-care centre. Socio-demographic, health and 24-hour recall dietary intake questionnaires were administered and anthropometric and biochemical measurements taken. The results indicate that the majority of respondents had an income of between R501 and R1 000 (South African rand) per month and most of them reported an occasional lack of funds to meet basic household needs, confirming the presence of food insecurity. Daily dietary intakes (mean±Standard Deviation [SD]) of the women were 5 395±2 946 kJ energy, 47±27 g protein, 28±21 g fat and 196±123 g carbohydrates compared to 8 641±3 799 kJ, 86±48 g, 49±32 g and 301±139 g of the men, respectively. The majority (83.6%) of the women were overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25) or obese (BMI > 30) whilst 78% had a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of > 21.7 cm. Mean intakes of micronutrients were low in comparison to reference standards and serum zinc levels were suboptimal. Obesity, hypertension and raised total serum cholesterol levels indicated an increased risk for coronary heart disease. It can be concluded that a low income, household food insecurity and risk factors associated with malnutrition and non-communicable diseases were prevalent in this elderly population. Opsomming Die doelwit van hierdie dwarssnitstudie was ‘n omvattende bepaling van voeding- en gesondheidstatus om as basis te dien vir toekomstige intervensie-strategieë vir ’n groep bejaardes wat ’n dagsentrum besoek. Sosiodemografiese, gesondheid- en 24-uur herroep-dieetinname vraelyste is voltooi en antropometriese en biochemiese metings is geneem. Die resultate het bevestig dat die meerderheid respondente ‘n maandelikse inkomste van tussen R501 en R1 000 (Suid-Afrikaanse rand) gehad het. Die meeste het ‘n geldtekort vir basiese huishoudelike behoeftes gerapporteer wat dui op huishoudelike voedselin-sekuriteit. Daaglikse dieetinnames (gemiddeld± standaardafwyking [SA]) van die vroue was onderskei- delik 5 395±2 946 kJ energie, 47±27 g proteïen, 28±21 g vet en 196±123 g koolhidrate in vergelyking met 8 641±3 799 kJ, 86±48 g, 49±32 g en 301±139 g vir die mans. Die meerderheid (83.6%) van die vroue was oorgewig (liggaamsmassa-indeks [LMI] >25) of vetsugtig (LMI > 30) en 78% het ’n middel-bo-armomtrek (MUAC) van > 21.7 cm gehad. Gemiddelde mikronutriëntinnames was laag in vergelyking met die verwysingstandaarde en serumsink was suboptimaal. Vetsug, hipertensie en verhoogde totale serumcholesterolvlakke het op ‘n verhoogde risiko van kardiovaskulêre siekte gedui. Die resultate het dus bewys dat lae inkomste, huishoudelike voedselin-sekuriteit en die risikofaktore wat met wanvoeding en leefstylsiektes geassosieer word, teenwoordig was.

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Bhamidipati, Pavan Kumar, Kenneth R. Carson, and Tanya M. Wildes. "Psoas Cross-Sectional Area As Radiographic Measure Of Sarcopenia Does Not Predict Overall Survival In Multiple Myeloma." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5326.5326.

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Abstract Introduction Although various disease-related markers have been implemented in the prognosis of multiple myeloma, nutritional or physical characteristics have not been utilized in the assessment for prognosis. Sarcopenia, defined as loss of lean skeletal muscle mass, is prognostic in non-malignant diseases such as COPD and non-hematologic malignancies such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. For the first time, we sought to analyze the prognostic value of sarcopenia in multiple myeloma (MM) by utilizing PET / CT scans done around the time of diagnosis. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we identified all patients diagnosed and treated for multiple myeloma from 2000-2010 from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Oncology Data Services registry, then identified patients who had undergone cross-sectional imaging (CT or PET/CT) for diagnostic purposes within 2 months of diagnosis. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and anthropomorphic data. The radiographic images were accessed to manually measure the psoas muscle cross sectional area (PCA) at the level of 3rdlumbar vertebra (L3) by a single trained person. This landmark was chosen as the PCA at the level of L3 correlates with the whole–body lean muscle mass in previous studies (Mourtzakis M, 2008 PMID: 18923576).The psoas muscle density was identified based on the average CT Hounsfield units for the cross-sectional area being measured. This value was then normalized for stature based on height to calculate L3 muscle index (LMI)(Total Psoas Area (TPA), in cm2/m2). Overall survival was defined as the time from diagnosis to death from any cause, censored at last follow-up. Survival between tertiles of LMI was compared using the methods of Kaplan-Meier and the Log-Rank test. Results A total of 129 MM patients with radiographic imaging were identified (median age 61 years, range 32-91; 57% males; 66% white race, 31.8% black race). The median body mass index (BMI) was 28.7, range 16.6-49.9). Of the 93 patients with staging information available, 27% had ISS stage 1, 36.6% stage II, 36.6% stage III. The median OS for the entire cohort was 34.2 months (95% Confidence Intervals 23.5-45.0 months). Survival did not differ between the tertiles of LMI: median OS 26.9 months (95% CI 9.2-44.6) in lowest tertile of TPA, 54.1 months (95% CI 30.6-77.6) in middle tertile and 38.2 months in highest tertile [Log-rank c21.439, p=0.487]. We then evaluated psoas muscle density in the 56 patients who underwent abdominal CT imaging without intravenous contrast. Survival did not differ between the tertiles of psoas density: median OS 24.3 months (95% CI 10.3-38.2) in the lowest tertile, 33.8 months (95% CI 14.8-52.8) in middle tertile, and 44.8 months (95% CI 25.8 – 53.5) in the highest tertile, p=0.122. Conclusion Total psoas area and psoas density as a measure of sarcopenia did not predict overall survival in this cohort. Limitations of this study include the fact that patients underwent imaging for diagnostic purposes at clinician. Future study will evaluate whether radiographic measures of sarcopenia in a less selected MM population have prognostic utility. Disclosures: Carson: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Bukania, Zipporah N., Moses Mwangi, Robert M. Karanja, Richard Mutisya, Yeri Kombe, Lydia U. Kaduka, and Timothy Johns. "Food Insecurity and Not Dietary Diversity Is a Predictor of Nutrition Status in Children within Semiarid Agro-Ecological Zones in Eastern Kenya." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/907153.

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Machakos and Makueni counties in Kenya are associated with historical land degradation, climate change, and food insecurity. Both counties lie in lower midland (LM) lower humidity to semiarid (LM4), and semiarid (LM5) agroecological zones (AEZ). We assessed food security, dietary diversity, and nutritional status of children and women.Materials and Methods.A total of 277 woman-child pairs aged 15–46 years and 6–36 months respectively, were recruited from farmer households. Food security and dietary diversity were assessed using standard tools. Weight and height, or length in children, were used for computation of nutritional status.Findings.No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in food security and dietary diversity score (DDS) between LM4 and LM5. Stunting, wasting, and underweight levels among children in LM4 and LM5 were comparable as were BMI scores among women. However, significant associations (P=0.023) were found between severe food insecurity and nutritional status of children but not of their caregivers. Stunting was significantly higher in older children (>2 years) and among children whose caregivers were older.Conclusion. Differences in AEZ may not affect dietary diversity and nutritional status of farmer households. Consequently use of DDS may lead to underestimation of food insecurity in semiarid settings.

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Allsopp, A. J., E. G. Scarpello, S. Andrews, and R. J. Pethybridge. "Survival of the Fittest? The Scientific Basis for the Royal Navy Pre-Joining Fitness Test." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 89, no. 1 (March 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-89-11.

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AbstractThe Royal Navy introduced a pre-joining fitness test to the selection procedures for RN Ratings from Summer 2003. The scientific basis for the test came from the present study to investigate if anthropometric and physical fitness measures predicted training failure. Fitness and anthropometric data from 1641 trainees were collected, together with their training outcome (i.e. pass or fail), during the period from September 2001 to March 2002. In addition, a retrospective interrogation of medical records identified those who reported any lower limb injuries.The overall rate of training attrition was 22%. Success in training was associated with: gender; age; physical fitness; and, in the case of females, Body Mass Index (BM1). The reported incidence of lower limb injury (LLI) was associated with: gender; physical fitness; and, for female trainees, BMI. The reported incidence of LLI was approximately 50% in the ‘least-fit’ female group compared to 10% in the ‘most-fit’ male group. 16% of females and 2% of males were considered ‘unfit’ (i.e. did not attain the prescribed run standards of 13min 15s and llmin 13s respectively). 3% of trainees were considered ‘obese’ (a BMI >30 kg.m-2) whereas more than 25% were overweight (BMI > 25 kg.m-2).As a result of this work, selection candidates must now demonstrate a minimum standard of aerobic fitness prior to arrival at HMS Raleigh. The future impact of this selection measure on the reported incidence of lower limb injury and financial costs of training requires further investigation.

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Wang, Jia, Xiaoping Shi, Tao Xu, and Geng Wang. "Predictive risk factors of failed laryngeal mask airway insertion at first attempt." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 5 (March 23, 2018): 1973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518762666.

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Objectives A failed first attempt at laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion could increase the risk of laryngospasm, hypoxemia, and postoperative sore throat. This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for failed first-attempt LMA placement. Methods In total, 461 patients who underwent general anesthesia with a Supreme LMA (Teleflex Medical, Shanghai, China) and who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I to III were prospectively enrolled. The LMA was inserted after anesthetic induction. We recorded the insertion conditions and each patient’s age, ASA status, body weight, body mass index (BMI), duration of anesthesia, size of LMA, and cuff pressure; the years of work experience of the anesthesiologists; and the use or nonuse of lidocaine gel as a lubricant. Results Successful first-attempt placement of the Supreme LMA was achieved in 438 (95.10%) patients, while first-attempt placement failed in 23 (4.99%). Significant risk factors for failure of first-attempt LMA insertion included high age, high body weight, BMI of <20 kg/m2, and insertion without using lidocaine gel. Conclusions A patient age of >61 years, high body weight, BMI of <20 kg/m2, and insertion without lidocaine gel could significantly increase the risk of failed first-attempt Supreme LMA insertion.

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Aynehchi, Aydin, Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi, and Parvin Dehghan. "The association of self-efficacy and coping strategies with body mass index is mediated by eating behaviors and dietary intake among young females: A structural-equation modeling approach." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): e0279364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279364.

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Globally, around three billion people are either under- or overweight. Speculating the different roles of psychological factors in body weight between over- and underweight people, it was first hypothesized that whether or not the effects of self-efficacy and coping strategies on body mass index (BMI) is different between these two groups. We secondly predicted that their association is mediated by nutritional factors. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was conducted to model the impact of self-efficacy and coping strategies on eating behaviors, dietary intake and BMI, using structural equation modeling in two BMI groups: low-to-normal-BMI (LBMI: BMI<21.75 kg/m2) and normal-to-high-BMI (HBMI: 21.75 kg/m2 ≤ BMI). Female participants (N = 250, aged ≥18) were included using convenience sampling method and data of self-efficacy, coping strategies, eating behaviors and dietary intake were collected via questionnaires. The model fit was evaluated and confirmed by fit indices. The analysis revealed in both groups the participants tended to adopt emotion-focused coping strategy (EFCS) more than problem-focused coping strategy (PFCS) (mean score: 61.82 (7.96) vs 49.21 (6.73)). The HBMI group tended to use EFCS more than the LBMI group (P<0.001). In the LBMI group, self-efficacy, PFCS and EFCS had positive effects on BMI. Only the direct effect of self-efficacy (β = 0.314, P<0.001) and the indirect effects of PFCS and EFCS (through increasing unhealthy eating behaviors; β = 0.127, P<0.01, β = 0.095, P<0.05, respectively) were significant. In the HBMI group, self-efficacy had negative effect on BMI (both directly (β = -0.229, P<0.05) and indirectly (β = -0.103, P<0.05) by decreasing unhealthy eating behaviors). PFCS had no effect and EFCS had an indirect, positive effect on BMI (through increasing unhealthy eating behaviors, β = 0.162, P = 0.001). In conclusion, these findings suggest that improving self-efficacy and coping-strategies seems helpful to have a healthy BMI in both BMI groups and further interventions to reduce EFCS should be limited to overweight people.

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Gonzalez, L. Fernando, David Fiorella, Neil R. Crawford, Robert C. Wallace, Iman Feiz-Erfan, Denise Drumm, Stephen M. Papadopoulos, and Volker K. H. Sonntag. "Vertical atlantoaxial distraction injuries: radiological criteria and clinical implications." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 1, no. 3 (October 2004): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2004.1.3.0273.

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Object. The authors sought to establish radiological criteria for the diagnosis of C1–2 vertical distraction injuries. Methods. Conventional radiography, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in five patients with a C1–2 vertical distraction injury were correlated with their clinical history, operative findings, and autopsy findings. The basion—dens interval (BDI) and the C-1 and C-2 lateral mass interval (LMI) were measured in 93 control patients who underwent CT angiography; these measurements were used to define the normal BDI and LMI. The MR imaging results obtained in 30 healthy individuals were used to characterize the normal signal intensity of the C1–2 joint. The MR imaging results were compared with MR images obtained in five patients with distraction injuries. In the 93 patients, the BDI averaged 4.7 mm (standard deviation [SD] 1.7 mm, range 0.6–9 mm) and the LMI averaged 1.7 mm (SD 0.48 mm, range 0.7–3.3 mm). Based on CT scanning in the five patients with distraction injuries, the BDIs (mean 11.9 mm, SD 3.2 mm; p < 0.001) and LMIs (mean 5.5 mm, SD 2 mm; p < 0.0001) were significantly greater than in the control group. Fast—spin echo inversion-recovery MR images obtained in these five patients revealed markedly increased signal distributed throughout the C1–2 lateral mass articulations bilaterally. Conclusions. In 95% of healthy individuals, the LMI ranged between 0.7 and 2.6 mm. An LMI greater than 2.6 mm indicates the possibility of a distraction injury, which can be confirmed using MR imaging. Patients with a suspected C1–2 distraction injury may be candidates for surgical fusion of C1–2.

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Anuradha, Rajamanickam, Saravanan Munisankar, Yukthi Bhootra, Nathalla Pavan Kumar, Chandrakumar Dolla, Paul Kumaran, and Subash Babu. "Coexistent Malnutrition Is Associated with Perturbations in Systemic and Antigen-Specific Cytokine Responses in Latent Tuberculosis Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2016): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00009-16.

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ABSTRACTMalnutrition, as defined by low body mass index (BMI), is a major risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis (TB), although the biological basis underlying this susceptibility remains poorly characterized. To verify whether malnutrition affects the systemic and antigen-specific cytokine levels in individuals with latent TB (LTB), we examined circulating and TB antigen-stimulated levels of cytokines in individuals with LTB and low BMI (LBMI) and compared them with those in individuals with LTB and normal BMI (NBMI). Coexistent LBMI with LTB was characterized by diminished circulating levels of type 1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]), type 17 (IL-22), and other proinflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) cytokines but elevated levels of other type 2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) cytokines. In addition, LBMI with LTB was associated with diminished TB antigen-induced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β levels. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between BMI values and TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a significant negative correlation between BMI values and IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in individuals with LTB. Therefore, our data reveal that latent TB with a coexistent low BMI is characterized by diminished protective cytokine responses and heightened regulatory cytokine responses, providing a potential biological mechanism for the increased risk of developing active TB.

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Kim, Jin-Sik, Yeon-Soo Kim, and Young-Kyun Mha. "A LMS (Library Management System) Framework Development for BIM Operation of Architectural Design Office." Journal of KIBIM 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13161/kibim.2013.3.4.001.

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Na'am, Jufriadif, Julius Santony, Yuhandri Yuhandri, Sumijan Sumijan, and Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo. "Enlarge Medical Image using Line-Column Interpolation (LCI) Method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (December 1, 2018): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3620-3626.

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Quality of medical image has an important role in constructing right medical diagnosis. This paper recommends a method to improve the quality of medical images by increasing the size of the image pixels. By increasing the size of pixels, the size of the objects contained therein is also greater, making it easier to observe. In this study medical images of Brain CT-Scan, Chest X-Ray and Panoramic X-Ray were processed using Line-Column Interpolation (LCI) Method. The results of the treatment are then compared to Nearest Neighbor Interpolation (NNI), Bilinear Interpolation (BLI) and Bicubic Interpolation (BCI) processing results. The experiment shows that Line-Column Interpolation Method produces a larger image with details of the objects in it are not blurred and has equal visual effects. Thus, this method is expected to be a reference material in enlarging the size of the medical image for ease in clinical analysis.

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Duran, Ibrahim, Kyriakos Martakis, Christina Stark, Leonie Schafmeyer, Mirko Rehberg, and Eckhard Schoenau. "Effect of an interval rehabilitation program with home-based, vibration-assisted training on the development of muscle and bone in children with cerebral palsy – an observational study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 8 (August 27, 2020): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0080.

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AbstractObjectivesIn children with cerebral palsy (CP), the most common cause of physical impairment in childhood, less muscle and bone growth has been reported, when compared with typically developing children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intensive rehabilitation program including physiotherapy in combination with 6 months of home-based, vibration-assisted training on muscle and bone growth in children with CP.MethodsWe included children with CP, who participated in a rehabilitation program utilizing whole-body vibration (WBV). Muscle mass was quantified by appendicular lean mass index (App-LMI) and bone mass by total-body-less-head bone mineral content (TBLH-BMC) assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning of rehabilitation and one year later. To assess the functional muscle-bone unit, the relation of TBLH-BMC to TBLH lean body mass (TBLH-LBM) was used.ResultsThe study population included 128 children (52 females, mean age 11.9 ± 2.7). App-LMI assessed in kg/m2 increased significantly after rehabilitation. The age-adjusted Z-score for App-LMI showed no significant change. TBLH-BMC assessed in gram increased significantly. The Z-scores for TBLH-BMC decreased lesser than expected by the evaluation of the cross-sectional data at the beginning of rehabilitation. The parameter $\frac{TBLH-BMC}{TBLH-LBM}$ did not change relevantly after 12 months.ConclusionsMuscle growth and to a lesser extent bone growth could be increased in children with CP. The intensive rehabilitation program including WBV seemed to have no direct effect on the bone, but the observed anabolic effect on the bone, may only been mediated through the muscle.

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Takeda, Tsutomu, Daiki Abe, Daisuke Asaoka, Tomoyo Iwano, Momoko Yamamoto, Ryota Uchida, Hisanori Utsunomiya, et al. "Risk Factors for Mucosal Redness in the Duodenal Bulb as Detected via Linked Color Imaging." Diagnostics 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2024): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050508.

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Linked color imaging (LCI) for image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) highlights mucosal color differences. We investigated risk factors associated with mucosal redness of the duodenal bulb using LCI. Consecutive patients were retrospectively selected after their duodenal bulbs were observed via LCI. A symptom questionnaire (Izumo scale) was completed. The LCI of the duodenal bulb was subjectively evaluated on whether redness was present and objectively evaluated based on L* a* b* color values. The clinical characteristics of the 302 study participants were: male/female, 120/182; mean age, 70.9 years. Twenty-one cases (7.0%) were in the redness (+) group. After multiple regression analysis, independent predictors for the red component (a*) of the duodenal bulb using LCI were: age (β = −0.154, p < 0.01), female (β = −0.129, p < 0.05), body mass index (BMI; β = −0.136, p < 0.05), Helicobacter pylori eradication (β = 0.137, p < 0.05), endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy score (EGAS; β = −0.149, p < 0.05), and constipation-related quality of life (QOL) (β = −0.122, p < 0.05) scores. Lower age, lower BMI, lower EGAS, a constipation-related QOL score, post-H. pylori eradication, and being male were associated with mucosal redness in the duodenal bulb with IEE using LCI.

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Barrea, Luigi, Gabriella Pugliese, Giulia de Alteriis, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano, and Giovanna Muscogiuri. "Phase Angle: Could Be an Easy Tool to Detect Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Adults Affected by Prader–Willi Syndrome?" Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072065.

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Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic inherited obesity syndrome. Obesity-related complications, mostly related to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation (LGI), are the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity in PWS adults. Phase angle (PhA) is an easy tool to screen a state of LGI in healthy subjects and in subjects with obesity and is obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The aim of this study was to validate the PhA in PWS adults as a potential biomarker of LGI. In this single-center, cross-sectional study, fifteen PWS adults (six males, aged 19–41 years, and body mass index (BMI) 31.0–68.0 Kg/m2) and fifteen control subjects matched by gender, age, and BMI were evaluated. PhA values were significantly lower (p < 0.001), while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PWS adults compared with controls (p < 0.001), without a gender difference in the latter. After adjustment for gender, BMI, and waist circumference, significant correlation was found between PhA and hs-CRP levels (r = −0.69, p = 0.01). At the ROC analysis, the threshold value of PhA predicting the highest hs-CRP levels above the median value was found at PhA ≤ 4.8° (p = 0.01; AUC, 0.82; standard error, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.00). These results suggest that PWS adults had a significant higher degree of LGI compared with their counterparts. Moreover, our finding suggest that PhA is a valid biomarker of LGI also in PWS adults.

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Latif, Amer, Sumbul Naz, Faisal Naseer, Humaira Alam, M. Afzal Bhatti, Shahzad A., M. Asim R., and M. Mansoor Hafeez. "Donor Liver Attenuation Index and Liver Biopsy Correlation in Living Donor Liver Transplantation." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571772.

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Objective: Using non-invasive methods, such as BMI and CT LAIto suggest a prediction model for hepatic steatosis, examine the CT liver attenuation index and body mass index (BMI)association for pathological steatosis in living liver donors. Histological analysis remains the standard reference. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Liver Transplantation Department, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore from 1st June 2017 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Fifty-nine donors were included with a median age of 23.00 years, as well as the potential donors for LDLT who experienced evaluation as a potential liver donor. Donors who underwent CT scan and histological liver evaluation were part of this study. Results: Of the donors, forty-eight (81.35%) had a CT LAI ≥1. The median BMI was 22.1 (range: 17.00–33.4). Twenty eight (47.5%) of the patients had undergone liver biopsy for screening in the pre-transplant period whereas 31 (52.5%) of the total evaluated donors underwent biopsy during the transplant. Thirty four (57.62%) out of 59 evaluated living liver donors underwent hepatectomy. Non-significant association (P=0.719) between different categories of BMI as the steatosis increases histologically, whereas significant association (P<.05) for CT LAI as the steatosis increases histologically. Conclusion: Body mass index alone is not a reliable factor for liver fat estimation non-enhanced CT liver-spleen attenuation index of ≤0 correspond to severe hepatic steatosis reserving histopathological liver evaluation via biopsy for selected cases and decreasing the need of liver biopsy while making sure both donor and recipient are safe. Keywords:Living donor liver transplantation, CT LAI, BMI, Liver biopsy

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Bosy-Westphal, Anja, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik, Ralf-Peter Dörhöfer, and Manfred J. Müller. "Short stature and obesity: positive association in adults but inverse association in children and adolescents." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 3 (March 2, 2009): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508190304.

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Shorter than average adults are at a higher risk for obesity and are also more susceptible to diabetes and CVD, independent of BMI. In contrast, taller children have a higher risk of obesity. We hypothesised that short stature is related to adverse body composition and that the association between stature and obesity differs between generations. In a cross-sectional German database of 213 804 adults and 12 411 children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared between percentiles of height. The association between stature and percentage of fat mass (%FM), lean BMI (LBMI; kg/m2) or waist:hip ratio (in children only) was analysed within BMI groups. In adults, the prevalence of BMI >30 kg/m2 gradually increased with decreasing percentile of height whereas in children and adolescents, a positive association between height and weight status was observed. Short-stature women and girls had a 0·8–3·2 % lower %FM than tall subjects (P < 0·05), whereas no trend for %FM was observed in males. When compared with tall subjects, LBMI was 0·2–0·6 kg/m2 lower in short-stature men, as well as obese women (P < 0·05). There was a non-significant trend for a lower LBMI and a higher waist:hip ratio in shorter children. In conclusion, short stature is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adults. Cardiometabolic risk in short stature is not explained by an adverse body composition.

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Marozva, Godfrey. "Liquidity Mismatch Index and Bank Performance." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p277.

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The relationship between liquidity and bank performance in finance literature remains an unresolved empirical issue. The main objective of this article was to investigate the relationship between liquidity mismatch index (LMI) initially developed by Brunnermeier, Gorton and Krishnamurthy (2012) and further developed by Bai, Krishnamurthy, and Weymuller (2018) and South African bank performance empirically. Different from other prior studies, the study undertook to determine the relationship employing the liquidity measure that integrates both market liquidity and funding liquidity within a context of asset liability mismatches. The unit of analysis was a panel of 12 South African banks over the period 2008–2018. Specifically, two liquidity measures – the bank liquidity mismatch index (BLMI) and the aggregate liquidity mismatch index (ALMI) were regressed against bank performance matrices. The newly developed liquidity measures are based on portfolio management theory and they account for the significance of liquidity spirals. Results revealed that, bank performance is negatively and significantly related with BLMI. While the bank performance is positively related to ALMI, the relationship is not significant. Also, the nature of relationship is dependent on the measure of profitability employed.

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Nevill, Alan M., and Roger L. Holder. "Body mass index: a measure of fatness or leanness?" British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 4 (April 1995): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950055.

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The relationship between body fat and stature-adjusted weight indices was explored. Assuming the term height2 is a valid indicator of a subject's lean body mass, height2/weight was shown to be an accurate measure of percentage lean body mass and, as such, a better predictor of percentage body fat than the traditional body mass index (BMI; weight/height2). The name, lean body mass index (LBMI), is proposed for the index height2/weight. These assumptions were confirmed empirically using the results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey (ADNFS). Using simple allometric modelling, the term heightp explained 74% of the variance in lean body mass compared with less than 40% in body weight. For the majority of ADNFS subjects the fitted exponent from both analyses was approximately p = 2, the only exception being the female subjects aged 55 years and over, where the exponent was found to be significantly less than 2. Using estimates of percentage body fat as the dependent variable, regression analysis was able to confirm that LBMI was empirically, as well as theoretically, superior to the traditional BMI. Finally, when the distributional properties of the two indices were compared, BMI was positively skewed and hence deviated considerably from a normal distribution. In contrast, LBMI was found to be both symmetric and normally distributed. When height and weight are recorded in centimetres and kilograms respectively, the suggested working normal range for LBMI is 300–500 with the median at 400.

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Zilda, Dewi Seswita, Eni Harmayani, Jaka Widada, Widya Asmara, Hari Eko Irianto, Gintung Patantis, and Yusro Nuri Fawzya. "SCREENING OF THERMOSTABLE PROTEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN HOTSPRING." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (May 8, 2013): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v7i3.5.

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Although many proteases had been studied and characterized, only a few of them are commercially available. Protease thermostability is one of the crucial properties for industrialapplication. This research aimed to isolate and to screen the potential isolate which produce thermostable protease. There were 6 isolates (BII-1, BII-2, BII-3, BII-4, BII-6 and LII), isolated using solid Minimal Synthetic Medium (MSM) supplemented with 1.5% skim milk, that have, protease activity. Based on the 16S-rRNA gene sequencing analysis, isolates BII-1, BII-2 and BII- 6 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, isolates BII-3 and BII-4 were identified as Bacillus subtilis, while isolate LII was identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber. Three isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) were then further investigated for the second screening step using liquid MSM supplemented with 1% skim milk. The isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) optimally produced protease when they were cultivated at 35, 30 and 50o C respectively after 22 h of incubation. Protease produced by BII-6, BII-4 and LII had optimum temperature of 65, 60 and 85o C, optimum pH at 7-8, 8 and 9 and stable up to 100 min at 55, 60 and 75o C respectively.

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Armas-Padrón, Ana María, Miriam Sicilia-Sosvilla, Pedro Ruiz-Esteban, Armando Torres, and Domingo Hernández. "Association between Cardiovascular Health, C-Reactive Protein, and Comorbidities in Spanish Urban-Dwelling Overweight/Obese Hypertensive Patients." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070300.

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The relationship between poorer cardiovascular health metrics (CVHM) plus low-grade inflammation (LGI) and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) and hypertension-related comorbidities (HRC) in hypertensive populations with an overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) hypertension-related phenotype is understudied. We examined the relationship between the CVHM score and the presence of LGI and Ow/Ob hypertension-associated phenotype morbidities and mortality in 243 hypertensive patients from an urban primary care center. We recorded the baseline CVHM score plus clinical data, including hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) and prevalent and incident HMOD-HRC and death. A total of 26 (10.7%) had a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, 95 (31.1%) were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 122 (50.2%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). There were 264 cases of HMOD-HRC and 9 deaths. Higher hs-CRP levels were observed as BMI increased. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between BMI and hs-CRP, adjusted for confounders. Additionally, individuals with a higher hs-CRP tertile had a significant increase in BMI. Significantly lower log hs-CRP levels were found as the number of ideal CVHM scores rose. Multivariate binary logistic regression found the risk of HMOD-HRC increased significantly as the ideal CVHM scores decreased, and hs-CRP levels also correlated with HMOD-HRC in the whole cohort and in the Ow and Ob subpopulations. These findings highlight the need for early intervention targeting ideal CVHMs among hypertensive individuals with an Ow/Ob phenotype in order to attenuate the inflammatory state and prevent cardiovascular disease.

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Макаров, С. С., С. А. Родин, И. Б. Кузнецова, Г. Ю. Макеева, and В. А. Макеев. "Rooting in vitro Culture and Adaptation of Marsh Cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) to Non-sterile Conditions." Лесохозяйственная информация, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2020.4.11.

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В статье приводятся данные по процессу корнеобразования клюквы болотной в культуре in vitro и ее адаптации к нестерильным условиям. Выявлено благоприятное влияние добавления в питательную среду препарата Экогель в концентрации 0,5 мг/л на процесс ризогенеза клюквы болотной in vitro. Установлена более высокая приживаемость растений при адаптации растений к нестерильным условиям in vivo на субстрате из верхового торфа. One of the most valuable forest crops is marsh cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) The article presents data on the adaptation of marsh cranberries to non-sterile conditions, as well as the effect of BMI auxin and Ecogel at the stage of plant rooting in vitro. The research was conducted on the variety of marsh cranberry Dar Kostroma and hybrid 1-15-635. As a result of research, it was found that with an increase in the nutrient medium concentration of AUXIN BMI from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l, the number of marsh cranberry roots increased on average in the Dar Kostroma variety from 2.4 to 2.7 PCs, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 2.1 to 2.4 PCs. When ecogel was added to the Nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, the number of roots on average reached 3.1 PCs, and without Ecogel it was only 1.7 PCs. It was also noted that the average length of marsh cranberry roots with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 1.5 to 2.0 cm, in the 1-15-635 hybrid from 1.3 to 1.5 cm, while without Ecogel it decreased from 1.0 to 0.9 cm and from 1.1 to 0.8 cm, respectively. Adding Ecogel to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l increased the average length of cranberry roots by an average of 1.8 times. The total length of marsh cranberry roots, with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 5.1 to 6.0 cm, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 4.1 to 4.4 cm, without Ecogel – decreased from 2.6-3.1 to 2.5 cm.

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Szcześniewska, Paula, Tomasz Hanć, Ewa Bryl, Agata Dutkiewicz, Aneta R. Borkowska, Elżbieta Paszyńska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz. "Do Hot Executive Functions Relate to BMI and Body Composition in School Age Children?" Brain Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060780.

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Deficits of ‘hot’ executive functions (EFs) involving emotional and motivational processes are considered as a risk factor for excessive weight, but few studies have tested the relationship between hot EFs and body composition in children. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the ability to delay gratification and affective decision-making with the body mass index (BMI) and body composition in children with typical neurocognitive development. The sample consisted of 553 Polish children aged between 6–12 y. The delay of gratification task (DGT) was applied to assess the ability to delay gratification. The Hungry Donkey test (HDT) was applied to assess affective decision-making. The indicators of decision-making in the HDT were net score and learning rate. The relationships between hot EFs and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), lean body mass index (LBMI) were tested. The association of the z scores of BMI and FMI, overweight/obesity, and the ability to delay gratification was found insignificant after controlling cofounding factors. Most of the results on affective decision-making and z scores for BMI, FMI and LBMI were insignificant as well. The relationship between the ability to delay gratification, affective decision-making, and adiposity is not pronounced in typically developed children.

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Fujimoto, Daisaku, Naoki Muguruma, Koichi Okamoto, Yasuteru Fujino, Kaizo Kagemoto, Yasuyuki Okada, Yoshifumi Takaoka, et al. "Linked color imaging enhances endoscopic detection of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps." Endoscopy International Open 06, no. 03 (March 2018): E322—E334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124469.

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Abstract Background and study aims Although new image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) technologies such as blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI) have been developed, their utility for the detection of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI for SSA/P detection in still image examinations and in a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients and methods A group of 6 expert and non-expert endoscopists read 200 endoscopic still images containing SSA/P lesions using white light image (WLI), BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI. Color differences were calculated using the color space method. A prospective RCT of tandem colonoscopy with WLI and LCI was performed. Patients with SSA/P and those with a history of SSA/P that had been endoscopically removed were enrolled and randomly allocated to WLI-LCI or LCI-WLI groups. Additional endoscopic detection rates for SSA/P were compared between the 2 groups. Results LCI showed the highest SSA/P detection rate among the 4 modes for both expert and non-expert endoscopists. The detection rate with LCI for the 6 expert endoscopists (mean 98.3 ± standard deviation 2.0 %) was significantly higher than that with WLI (86.7 ± 6.0 %, P < 0.01). Likewise, the detection rate with LCI for the 6 non-expert endoscopists (92.3 ± 2.9 %) was significantly higher than that with WLI (72.7 ± 11.5 %, P < 0.01). The color difference of SSA/P with LCI was the highest among the 4 modes, and was significantly higher than with WLI (median 15.9, (interquartile range 13.7 – 20.6) vs. 10.2, (7.6 – 14.2); P < 0.0001). In the RCT, a total of 44 patients (WLI-LCI 22 vs. LCI-WLI 22) underwent colonoscopy. The additional detection rate for SSA/P in the second inspection in the WLI-LCI group (21.6 %, 8/37) was significantly higher than in the LCI-WLI group (3.2 %, 1/31; P = 0.02). The small, flat, non-mucus and isochromatic SSA/Ps in the transverse colon were detected more frequently in the second inspection with LCI. Conclusions LCI was the most sensitive mode for SSA/P detection among WLI, BLI, BLI-bright, and LCI in the still image examinations. Our RCT strongly suggests that LCI is superior to conventional WLI for SSA/P detection during colonoscopy. UMIN000017599.

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Kitagawa, Yoshiyasu, Takuto Suzuki, Taro Hara, Rino Nankinzan, Hideyuki Takashiro, Osamu Sugita, Hiroshi Imazeki, and Taketo Yamaguchi. "Linked color imaging improves the endoscopic visibility of gastric mucosal cancers." Endoscopy International Open 07, no. 02 (January 18, 2019): E164—E170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0733-7086.

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Abstract Background and study aims As a newly developed endoscopy technique, linked color imaging (LCI) provides very bright images with enhanced color tones. With the objective of improving the detection rate of gastric mucosal cancers, which are often difficult to detect, we examined the utility of LCI from the viewpoint of visibility. Patients and methods The current study used 100 consecutive gastric mucosal cancers ≤ 20 mm in diameter. For each lesion, we selected one endoscopic image acquired by white-light imaging (WLI), blue-laser imaging (BLI) -bright, and LCI modes. Four endoscopists interpreted the images; using a previously reported scale, we scored the visibility level on a scale of 1 – 4. Results The mean (± SD) visibility scores were 2.54 ± 1.10 for WLI, 3.02 ± 1.07 for BLI-bright, and 3.28 ± 0.97 for LCI. The score was significantly higher for BLI-bright compared with WLI (P < .001) and again higher for LCI compared with BLI-bright (P < .001). For the experts, the scores for BLI-bright and LCI were similar, but both were significantly higher than the score for WLI. For the trainees, there was no significant difference between the WLI and BLI-bright scores, but LCI score was significantly higher than those for WLI and BLI-bright scores. With regard to clinical characteristics, LCI particularly enhanced visibility of normochromic, flat and depressed lesions, which had the lowest visibility scores of all three modalities compared with those of the other lesions. Conclusion LCI increased visibility and may contribute to early detection of gastric mucosal cancers.

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Adhikaree, Jasper, Ruyusha Shrestha, Prabina Bomjan, Shreya Pokharel, Ashmita Shrestha, Anusha Siwakoti, Rashila Acharya, et al. "Nontraditional Lipid Parameters as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Nepalese Women." Journal of Mid-life Health 15, no. 2 (April 2024): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmh.jmh_179_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: The use of nontraditional lipid parameters for assessing clinical conditions is emerging; however, no study has identified thresholds for those parameters for the identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The present study aimed to establish the thresholds of nontraditional lipid parameters and test its ability to identify CVD risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study in women (n = 369, age: 46 ± 13 years, body mass index (BMI): 26.31 ± 2.54 kg/m2) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs) were estimated. Subsequently, nontraditional lipid parameters were calculated, namely non-HDL-C, Castelli’s Risk Index II (CRI-II), CRI-I, lipoprotein combined index (LCI), atherogenic index (AI), and AI of plasma (AIP). Results: Based on TC (≥200 mg/dL), the derived thresholds for non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, AI, and AIP were 139 mg/dL, 2.29, 3.689, 58,066, 2.687, and 0.487, respectively. Similarly, based on the threshold of TG (≥150 mg/dL), the derived thresholds for non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, AI, and AIP were 127 mg/dL, 2.3, 3.959, 58,251, 2.959, and 0.467, respectively. Out of considered five risk factors, non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, and AI thresholds were capable in identifying four risk factors (physical activity, blood pressure, BMI, and age) and AIP was able to associate with two risk factors at most (blood pressure and BMI). Conclusion: The derived thresholds of nontraditional lipid parameters were capable of differentiating between CVD risk and nonrisk groups suggesting the possible use of these thresholds for studying CVD risk.

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Kitagawa, Yoshiyasu, Taro Hara, Dai Ikebe, Rino Nankinzan, Hideyuki Takashiro, Ryosuke Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi Nakamura, Taketo Yamaguchi, and Takuto Suzuki. "Magnified endoscopic observation of small depressed gastric lesions using linked color imaging with indigo carmine dye." Endoscopy 50, no. 02 (September 27, 2017): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119212.

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Abstract Background and study aims Magnifying linked color imaging with indigo carmine dye (M-Chromo-LCI) enables sterically enhanced and color image-magnified observation of the superficial gastric mucosa. This study investigated the usefulness of M-Chromo-LCI for the differential diagnosis of gastric lesions. Patients and methods 100 consecutive small depressed lesions were examined with conventional white-light imaging (C-WLI), magnifying blue-laser imaging (M-BLI), and M-Chromo-LCI. Endoscopic images were reviewed by three experts and three non-experts. Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement were compared among the modalities. Results For experts, M-BLI showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than C-WLI (82.7 % vs. 67.0 %; P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of M-Chromo-LCI was not different from M-BLI (87.7 % vs. 82.7 %; P = 0.31). For non-experts, M-BLI showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than C-WLI (69.3 % vs. 52.3 %; P < 0.001). M-Chromo-LCI additionally showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than M-BLI (79.7 % vs. 69.3 %; P = 0.005). M-Chromo-LCI had the highest interobserver agreement for each group. Conclusions: M-Chromo-LCI is expected to become a useful modality for the accurate diagnosis of gastric lesions.

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Korsakova, Yulia L., Tatiana V. Korotaeva, Elena Yu Loginova, Elena E. Gubar, Lyubov D. Vorobyeva, Svetlana I. Glukhova, and Evgeny L. Nasonov. "A new integral enthesial-comorbididity index of psoriatic arthritis activity." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 95, no. 5 (July 16, 2023): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202197.

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Aim. To develop an integral index of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) activity. Materials and methods. 117 patients with PsA (M/F 63/54) were included. Patients age 4411 years, psoriasis (Ps) duration 213153 months, PsA duration 73.478.5 months. Patients underwent standard clinical examination of PsA activity: tender (out of 68) and swollen (out of 66) joint counts (TJC, SJC), LEI, tenderness of the plantar fascia (PF), skin lesion severity (BSA), presence of nail Ps, body mass index (BMI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), DAPSA, FACIT-F. Parametric and nonparametric statistic methods, correlation and ROC analysis were used. Results. Mean DAPSA was 3821, TJC 14.210.6, SJC 10.68.3, ESR 30.529.5 mm/h, CRP 23.329 mg/l, LEI 1.21.5, FACIT-F 3211, BMI 27.46.2 kg/m2. The following significant positive correlations were revealed: between DAPSA and BMI, patients age, ESR, PsA and Ps duration, TJC, SJC, LEI, presence of PF enthesitis, skin lesion severity, presence of nail Ps. A negative correlation between FACIT-F and male sex was found. Based on the predictive model of parameters, the Entesial-Comorbid Index of PsA (ECIPsA) was created: 3.81LEI+13.72PF+0.54Age-0.25FACIT-F+7.36BSA+7.94PsA duration+5.5Nail Ps+0.32BMI-3.52, namely LEI Leeds Enthesial Index; PF pain in the PF; patients age; FACIT-F fatigue scale; BSA3%=0, 3%=1; PsA duration2 years=0, 2 years=1; presence of nail Ps=1, absence=0; ECIPsA28 corresponds with high PsA activity according to DAPSA28. ROC analysis of sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic model demonstrated high correctness of the index: the area under the ROC curve was 0.768, 95% confidence interval (0.6240.913). Conclusion. The new PsA activity index corresponds to the existing ones and takes into consideration the clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity of the disease.

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Saito, Masahiro, Tomoyuki Koike, Yuki Ohara, Yohei Ogata, Takeshi Kanno, Xiaoyi Jin, Waku Hatta, et al. "Linked Color Imaging of Barrett’s Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Visibility." Gastroenterology Insights 15, no. 1 (February 5, 2024): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15010010.

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Since linked color imaging (LCI) has been reported to increase the color differences in Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma (BA) compared to white light imaging (WLI), a comparison of the visibility scores of various imaging techniques for BA is warranted to determine best practice standards. This study is to clarify the role of LCI, blue light imaging (BLI), and WLI in the evaluation of BA. A group of 19 endoscopists, comprised of 6 experts and 13 trainees, evaluated the visibility of WLI, BLI, and LCI images in 21 superficial BA cases. Visibility scores were compared between WLI, BLI, and LCI. Visibility scores were also evaluated for lesion morphology, background Barrett’s mucosa, and circumferential location. The visibility scores of experts and trainees were analyzed for comparison. The visibility scores of LCI and BLI were 3.83 and 3.31, respectively, compared to three points for WLI. The visibility of LCI was better than that of WLI regardless of lesion morphology, color, background Barrett’s mucosa, and circumferential location. The LCI improved visibility in BA more than the WLI for both experts and trainees. LCI improved the visibility of BA independent of lesion morphology, color, background Barrett’s mucosa, circumferential location, and the endoscopist’s experience.

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Hong, Jihee. "Comparison of Epidural Pressure Decrease Pattern According to Different Lumbar Epidural Approaches." Pain Physician 2;23, no. 4;2 (April 14, 2020): E202—E210. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2020/23/e202.

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Background: During lumbar epidural injection (LEI) using a midline approach, we might encounter failure of identifying the epidural space owing to an equivocal or absent loss of resistance (LOR) sensation. The reason for such absence of LOR sensation has been suggested as paucity of midline ligamentum flavum, paravertebral muscle, and cyst in the interspinous ligament of the lumbar spine. Despite its low specificity, LOR is the most commonly used method to identify the epidural space. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze lumbar epidural pressure decrease patterns and identify factors contributing to this pressure decrease. Study Design: Prospective randomized trial. Setting: An interventional pain management practice in South Korea. Methods: This prospective study included 104 patients receiving LEI due to lumbar radiculopathy. A midline or paramedian approach of LEI was determined with randomization. Among various factors, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis were analyzed using a subgroup that included 60 cases of only a paramedian approach. Results: Grades I, II (abrupt decrease), and III (gradual decrease) were found as patterns of epidural pressure decrease. Abrupt pressure decrease was more frequently observed in the paramedian group (P < 0.001). Age, gender, BMI, and diagnosis did not show any significant difference in frequencies between abrupt and gradual pressure decrease. Limitations: We could not match LOR sensation with epidural pressure decrease shown in the monitor. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that abrupt pressure decrease occurs more frequently with the paramedian approach. However, age, gender, BMI, or diagnosis did not affect the incidence of epidural pressure decrease. Key words: Epidural, paramedian, midline, pressure decrease

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